Trigonometric Integrals

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
  • This calculus video tutorial provides a basic introduction into trigonometric integrals. It explains what to do in order to integrate trig functions with even powers and how to employ u-substitution integration techniques and power reducing formulas in order to find the indefinite integral of trig functions with sin and cos. This video contains plenty of examples and practice problems.
    Full 1 Hour Video on Patreon:
    / mathsciencetutor
    Direct Link to The Full Video:
    bit.ly/3zxSr9g
    Integration - Formula Sheet:
    bit.ly/3XCT6oz
    _________________________________
    Full 1 Hour Video on TH-cam:
    • Trigonometric Integral...
    Join The Membership Program:
    bit.ly/46xaQTR

ความคิดเห็น • 646

  • @TheOrganicChemistryTutor
    @TheOrganicChemistryTutor  2 ปีที่แล้ว +97

    Integration - Formula Sheet: bit.ly/3XCT6oz
    Full 1 Hour Video on Patreon: www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
    Direct Link to The Full Video: bit.ly/3zxSr9g

  • @danielsosa665
    @danielsosa665 ปีที่แล้ว +74

    You are really talented man! It's so easy to follow your line of thought. Precise and clear speech at a perfect pace. I can't thank you enough. Hands down best math teacher.

  • @pfact0593
    @pfact0593 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1278

    When i graduate.. i wanna thank 'organic chemistry' TH-cam channel it help me a lot thanks man

    • @primevandal2769
      @primevandal2769 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      Can u tank him for me

    • @mariasemaan8921
      @mariasemaan8921 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      me too

    • @landrypreston284
      @landrypreston284 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sorry to be so offtopic but does anybody know of a tool to log back into an Instagram account?
      I somehow lost the login password. I love any assistance you can give me

    • @PierceMartinez
      @PierceMartinez 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      I owe everything to TH-cam calc vids, especially those done by this incredible individual.

    • @yanodat2926
      @yanodat2926 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This man is a god at helping me know calc 2

  • @Robert-el2mf
    @Robert-el2mf 3 ปีที่แล้ว +63

    Your timing is impeccable

    • @fernvill
      @fernvill 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      And totally calculated

  • @preston2078
    @preston2078 2 ปีที่แล้ว +69

    i watched your video on getting straight As. the most interesting tip you made in my opinion was to read the textbook ahead of time. I love that idea, but don't want to use a textbook so I follow along with you before learning about it in lecture. You've thought me just as much, or more than all my recent stem class teachers/profs recently.

    • @lelomambueliane4915
      @lelomambueliane4915 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Click here to view th-cam.com/video/Mar53onVvMo/w-d-xo.html

  • @hectorcorona9257
    @hectorcorona9257 2 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    the day I graduate I will deadass mention the organic chemistry tutor for helping me throughout high school

    • @RetroMaster64
      @RetroMaster64 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Bro high school? Dang, I'm doing this my second year of university

  • @Rahmanyboss
    @Rahmanyboss ปีที่แล้ว +56

    You are the reason I’m passing calc 2! Keep up the great work!!!

    • @Rushman666
      @Rushman666 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Is this calc 2 material?

    • @marckx1254
      @marckx1254 ปีที่แล้ว

      for me yeah@@Rushman666

    • @tavistafford8010
      @tavistafford8010 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @@Rushman666 Yeah it is. I am in Calc 2, and we are doing this on our third week of class.

    • @romeo9015
      @romeo9015 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Rushman666 i attend GSU and this is in fact Calc 2 material. Third week of class.

    • @kendricnissen6216
      @kendricnissen6216 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Rushman666yes, this is calculus 2.

  • @matthewregan5095
    @matthewregan5095 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I have my calc 2 final in less than 12 hours… last minute studying at its finest 😍
    Everyone wish me luck please cause I’m gonna need it

    • @mahi33333
      @mahi33333 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      did u make it omg

  • @georgesadler7830
    @georgesadler7830 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Professor Organic Chemistry Tutor, thank you for another fantastic video/lecture on Trigonometric Integrals in Calculus Two. These integrals are built off of Trig Identities and pattern recognition. All students in Science and Engineering should memorize all the Trigonometric Identities from Trigonometry. This is an error free video/lecture on TH-cam TV with the Organic Chemistry Tutor.

    • @splishysploosh5097
      @splishysploosh5097 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Georgesadler7830, thank you for yet another amazing comment/remark on this video/lecture on Trigonometric Integrals in Calculus Two. Your statements are well thought out and accurately composed. Anyone who watches Calculus Two videos by Professor Organic Chemistry Tutor should like your comment. This is an error-free comment on TH-cam TV on the video/lecture on Trigonometric Integrals in Calculus Two by Professor Organic Chemistry Tutor.

  • @stogam3550
    @stogam3550 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Thanks I'm electrical engineering from Iraq ❤❤❤

    • @koskobirok9760
      @koskobirok9760 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Which university?

    • @stogam3550
      @stogam3550 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@koskobirok9760 why

    • @koskobirok9760
      @koskobirok9760 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@stogam3550 cuzz im in the same college in iraqi kurdstan... So i thought maybe u are in the same uni that im in..

    • @stogam3550
      @stogam3550 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@koskobirok9760 Now I understand, no, I am at Tikrit University

    • @koskobirok9760
      @koskobirok9760 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@stogam3550 im in sulaimani university

  • @lexihunsucker7067
    @lexihunsucker7067 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    ngl these make more sense than my professor's notes, thanks my dude you're saving my grade :D

    • @diags_1109
      @diags_1109 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      well maybe you got it to a :C now

  • @stayrigo
    @stayrigo 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    This is my last highschool exam. Thank you for all your help throughout the years can't wait to come back for UNI content❤

  • @lyndseystrait1513
    @lyndseystrait1513 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    List of 0:36 trig identities, 1:12 double angle identity, & 1:47 power reducing formulas to memorize

  • @BridgetMwansa-n2e
    @BridgetMwansa-n2e 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you for making Mr graduate with an A in advanced calculus

  • @farhatfatima1168
    @farhatfatima1168 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you so so much for making these videos which help me alot n even more than my professor....may God bless you sir

    • @lelomambueliane4915
      @lelomambueliane4915 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Click here to view th-cam.com/video/Mar53onVvMo/w-d-xo.html

  • @danieldegefe2727
    @danieldegefe2727 ปีที่แล้ว

    How to thank the people who do like you.
    There is no one in this world who is talented just like you it is amazing.

  • @theuberman7170
    @theuberman7170 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You were forged by the Gods of knowledge & wisdom!

  • @ThePiMan0903
    @ThePiMan0903 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks for this video The Organic Chemistry Tutor! It was really helpful!

  • @jakebyford9804
    @jakebyford9804 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    @17:00 you say negative cos(2x)'s derivative is negative sin(2x) when it should be positive sin(2x)

    • @katiecastro-tom5204
      @katiecastro-tom5204 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Okay I'm glad someone else saw that

    • @vnsalaura3631
      @vnsalaura3631 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@katiecastro-tom5204 me too

    • @Ghostxx
      @Ghostxx 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      no its not positive sin, its negative because the derivative of -sin is -cos

  • @christopherteo4446
    @christopherteo4446 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    your my hero without your videos I can't survive my calculus 1 and 2

  • @bernadettelola638
    @bernadettelola638 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    That's what I was looking for. Thank you.

  • @chrisbernard388
    @chrisbernard388 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Like the way you explain this Mathematical concepts. I like you and be blessed. You always my teacher in this area of calculus.

  • @scoopduna
    @scoopduna 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I would recommend going the extra step in some of your less popular videos and include more difficult problems towards the end. I would have been very happy to see a sec^2 x integration in this video. Keep it up though, overall you do a fantastic job with your videos.

    • @lelomambueliane4915
      @lelomambueliane4915 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Click here to view th-cam.com/video/Mar53onVvMo/w-d-xo.html

  • @cbbuntz
    @cbbuntz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Memorize your chebyshev polynomials, folks. In matlab, I have functions that generate chebyshev matrices and the inverses to convert between cos nx and cos^n x. I've found that asking it to integrate cos^n(x) takes way more processing power than just converting it to the equivalent chebyshev form and then integrating.
    Also useful for definite integrals of the form sin^a(x)*cos^b(x) or sin^a(x)*cos(bx) (or similar) is the beta function
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_function#Reciprocal_beta_function
    Both are closely related and you can modify one to get the other.

  • @CharlesMosesEmeruka-kz9xt
    @CharlesMosesEmeruka-kz9xt 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This TH-cam channel is just fantastic! It's so so helpful to me. I love it.

  • @Algebrainiac
    @Algebrainiac 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    9:00 what a coincidence I am having the exact same issue with this problem and I’m working on it rn! Thank you!!

  • @mmd-wt5eq
    @mmd-wt5eq 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    In 25:00 you can just easly add 4 and divide by 4, so you have inside integral:
    4sin^2cos^2
    And that is
    (2sin cos)^2
    Which is
    (sin2x)^2

  • @johnvincentjimar8257
    @johnvincentjimar8257 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much! I managed to answer my assignment well.

    • @johnvincentjimar8257
      @johnvincentjimar8257 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Again, thank you! I just answered my quiz well. This video really helped.

  • @everchann
    @everchann ปีที่แล้ว +1

    how do you know when to use power reducing, half angle, double angle, formulas and pythagorean identities?

  • @blenzewdu647
    @blenzewdu647 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ultimate life saver before exams!

  • @katiemacisaac5817
    @katiemacisaac5817 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are every stem majors hero

  • @bestyoueverhad.2408
    @bestyoueverhad.2408 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You and TrevTutor are the best here on YT.

  • @epicstudios142536
    @epicstudios142536 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This channel is elite

  • @collinceomondi4148
    @collinceomondi4148 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Your videos are really helping,,I like them👍

  • @BsakerXStar
    @BsakerXStar หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks man,you always pull through

  • @joseignacioblancogarcia-va8276
    @joseignacioblancogarcia-va8276 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir, you are the hero we all needed.

  • @AbegailAniasco
    @AbegailAniasco 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Such a helpful source for learning!

  • @liibaanmaxamuudsalaad3628
    @liibaanmaxamuudsalaad3628 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are the best teacher in the world i gor more benefits from you thanks and continue your work in any time

  • @isacoto948
    @isacoto948 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    at 30:25 he uses the rule that (1/x)=lnx, but isnt this rule only meant for linear equations? cosx is not a ljnear equation so we shoulnt be able to use it at all, or is there an exception when we use the u-substitution method?

  • @akkoucheimen9556
    @akkoucheimen9556 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks you really motivated me and made it sweet for me keep up the good work

  • @chrissilit
    @chrissilit ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you very much brother, May God really bless you ,I love your lessons

  • @yapsejaiteh7
    @yapsejaiteh7 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you professor.
    Integrate (sin^5 X cos^3 X dx) at 15:00 what about if you split sin^5 X to give you ( sinX sin^4 X ) instead of cos^3 X and make ( u= cos X).
    Here what I figured out is that whichever you make (u to b equal to) is the one to be on the final answer after integrating. I got (-1/4 cos^4 X + 1/3 cos^6 X - 1/8 cos^8 X + c) as my answer.
    Can you explain me why the two methods show different answer please

    • @yapsejaiteh7
      @yapsejaiteh7 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Please Sir those it mean that in this question the final answer can be in (sin X or cos X ) depending on which one you split

  • @DarrenDIY
    @DarrenDIY 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Give this man a nobel prize

  • @makariousmusic
    @makariousmusic ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much okay.
    God richly bless you.
    All your videos are very helpful in my learning

  • @refilweramahlo8532
    @refilweramahlo8532 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    YOU ARE SO AMAZING SIR

  • @alfredosojr
    @alfredosojr 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    why does 1 turn into U when integrating?

  • @GameChanger-ol1ef
    @GameChanger-ol1ef 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for making this video this is to much helpful. Your method of explaining is too good. 👍

  • @muhesipatrick5074
    @muhesipatrick5074 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You taught me at a good flow rate.this is the best!!

  • @brendancolgan9577
    @brendancolgan9577 ปีที่แล้ว

    Anybody else have their first calc 2 exam tmrw? Only one channel I will be watching today lmao

  • @حيدرمحسنفاضل31
    @حيدرمحسنفاضل31 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi my teacher i am from IRAQ and i love your channel and its help me a lot ,but i cant join on the Membership program , i dont know why it was happen. thank you man

  • @IAmNumber4000
    @IAmNumber4000 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Trigonometric integrals make me wish I was a humble berry picker living 2 million years ago

  • @dmmalcampo8505
    @dmmalcampo8505 หลายเดือนก่อน

    my answer to the last question was ln|secx| + cos(2x) / 4 +C

  • @ashunarang4860
    @ashunarang4860 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    good delivery of concepts....thank you so much

  • @zaynebridgetpeladas3326
    @zaynebridgetpeladas3326 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Are there two different answers depending if we choose the variable u to be sinx or cosx? And are they both correct either way?

    • @JKMath
      @JKMath 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It depends on the function in your integral. Some can only be done one way, but there are some that can be done two ways depending on what you choose to be your u. In the second case, yes, there could be two different answers, but they would ultimately be equal. They would be different forms of the same answer. Hope this helps!

    • @JKMath
      @JKMath 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Nuzaer Bari Glad to help!

  • @DKJhub
    @DKJhub 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    God bless you man, may you live long. 🙏

  • @furejul7619
    @furejul7619 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    26:19 how (1-cos^2(2x)) becomes sin^2(2x)

  • @ranjitn159
    @ranjitn159 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the only part of calculus that I am not good at. Maybe I should have learnt trigonometry at school.

  • @taliagibson2190
    @taliagibson2190 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    For the question integral of sin^2 x dx why do you divide sin(2x) by the derivative of 2x? (ie 2) instead of multiplying by two?

  • @husseinnkhata8113
    @husseinnkhata8113 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This has really helped me, thanks to you sir👌

  • @Benzene42
    @Benzene42 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Master tusi great ho
    Thoda heavy wait ho

  • @nurmohan1004
    @nurmohan1004 ปีที่แล้ว

    I realy like watching this channel ❤

  • @andreakyletangonan6621
    @andreakyletangonan6621 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you so much!

  • @junemoty8072
    @junemoty8072 ปีที่แล้ว

    What technique do you use to determine which one will be U??????

  • @joshuafakunmoju9582
    @joshuafakunmoju9582 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    At 16:22 how do you know when to make sin^2(x) equal 1/2(1-cos^(2x)) or when to leave at as (1-cos^2(x))? I'm really curious to know. Thank you in advance for your help.

    • @saaaassaaa
      @saaaassaaa 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Because we do not know the integral of sin²x, we only know the integral of the following trigonometric functions:
      ∫ sinx dx = -cosx + c
      ∫ cosx dx = sin + c
      ∫ secx dx = ln|secx + tanx|
      ∫ cscx dx = -ln|cscx + cotx|
      ∫ tanx dx = -ln|cosx| + c
      ∫ cotx dx = ln|sinx| + c
      In addition to 4 other integrations ,Therefore, any conjunction other than them, we need to convert to one of them. How? Through the Trig Identities you have to save them

  • @LandonOhanian
    @LandonOhanian 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    18:07 cos^(2)3x
    13:06 sin and cos exponents odds

  • @MichaelAduTagoe
    @MichaelAduTagoe ปีที่แล้ว

    please do videos on anatomy

  • @allenresurrection
    @allenresurrection ปีที่แล้ว +1

    i wish there were CSC Cot and CSC COT functions were solve

  • @RJ-kw1gw
    @RJ-kw1gw ปีที่แล้ว

    Your viseos are very useful

  • @diegofpe1
    @diegofpe1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thank you 🙏🏽

  • @Jastelz
    @Jastelz 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks man
    You're a king!

  • @mohammedcassim1816
    @mohammedcassim1816 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    imma pay for this patreon
    soon

    • @integralstrigo7855
      @integralstrigo7855 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      The best playlist on trigonometric integrals th-cam.com/video/HHuiSetD-6w/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=BiPhysiMath-Special

  • @amerhasandomato6251
    @amerhasandomato6251 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You helped me once again, thanks!! Cheers!

  • @aminobeano7915
    @aminobeano7915 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This video was definitely helpful, but knowing which identity to choose is still sooo confusing. I'm definitely not gonna do too hot on this exam lmao

    • @JKMath
      @JKMath 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes, that is arguably the most difficult part, but generally I have found that when you split odd powers of sin and cos, you always want to use pythagorean identities, and if you just have even powers in your original integral, then you will want to use the half angle identities he shows at 1:20. I have my own video on this topic where I explain this in detail and make it clear when to use each identity, I will link here for you. I know you commented this a few days ago now, but hopefully this helps you in time for your exam! Link: th-cam.com/video/diRi35CUebg/w-d-xo.html

    • @aminobeano7915
      @aminobeano7915 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@JKMath hey thanks for the tips! I'll check out the video because I know these integrals will be coming back to haunt me 😥

  • @pjosullivan2921
    @pjosullivan2921 ปีที่แล้ว

    How do you know when to use integration by parts or u substitution?

  • @joocaarjucfe5675
    @joocaarjucfe5675 ปีที่แล้ว

    at 30:37 why you used lnu ?

  • @empanadero_
    @empanadero_ 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    at 17:05 why did you divide by 2? I've watched this part 6 times and cant figure it out

    • @zapleap1600
      @zapleap1600 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      it is just like integrating cos(2x).
      the integration of cos is sin
      however, we need to derive the inside cos
      let u = 2x
      du = 2dx
      du/2 = dx
      sin 2x = cos 2x du/2
      = cos2x/2 (du will cancel because you integrate the cos already)

  • @Pharmtechie
    @Pharmtechie ปีที่แล้ว

    What type of computer or laptop are you using 🙏

  • @ahmedsarker3555
    @ahmedsarker3555 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    8:24 why is that cos^5 you held it was u^5 instead of dividing them into cos^2[x] cos^2[x] cos[x] sin[x]

  • @googlywithrana4381
    @googlywithrana4381 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful explain sir

  • @stevenmwangalasuzzy3590
    @stevenmwangalasuzzy3590 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    How come the answers are different when u let u =cos x??? I mean how should we know ,this one is the one to use in the exam???

  • @matitalk
    @matitalk 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

    thank you

  • @BobbyLeeSnippets
    @BobbyLeeSnippets ปีที่แล้ว

    Could you properly foil instead of saying we did this last time

  • @bernadettemarande
    @bernadettemarande 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Find \int tanx^(5) \theta sec7^(2) sec \theta d \theta

  • @kokawiliam1258
    @kokawiliam1258 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot.. Really helpful..

  • @benedicksangabriel2623
    @benedicksangabriel2623 ปีที่แล้ว

    Should you really use Power reducing formula at all times?

  • @alptekindag2233
    @alptekindag2233 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Why do you put cos in absolute value at the last question can someone explain me

  • @kofiowusu1367
    @kofiowusu1367 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    2024 still using this

  • @hamsnouh7404
    @hamsnouh7404 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    question in 29:28, couldn't we have used the double angle formula of sin^2(x) to cancel the cosine in the denominator???

    • @biphysimath-special3231
      @biphysimath-special3231 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Happy to inform You that a new video has been uploaded
      th-cam.com/video/HHuiSetD-6w/w-d-xo.html Please have a look

  • @happychauhan3405
    @happychauhan3405 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love ❤❤ from India 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

  • @najmamohamed967
    @najmamohamed967 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you 🙏 teacher 😇

  • @darahalammar6297
    @darahalammar6297 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    11:05 canceling out sin you forgot the negative

    • @darahalammar6297
      @darahalammar6297 ปีที่แล้ว

      ok just continued watching, he remembered

  • @ahmednuursbriye1057
    @ahmednuursbriye1057 ปีที่แล้ว

    I thank theorganicchmestrytutor a lot of help me, I respect this teacher

  • @vattoxonfire1278
    @vattoxonfire1278 ปีที่แล้ว

    better method to integrate 3 4 n root of a number is to use eleur theorem

  • @kgonz9111
    @kgonz9111 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can someone work this question out and break it down for me I’m new to these stuff and I’m still learning integral of (sinx+sinxtan^2x)/sec^2x thanks in advance

  • @empowerher-z5n
    @empowerher-z5n 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you.🌷

  • @timmymeguid419
    @timmymeguid419 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    @theorganicchemistrytutor on the problem at the 15 min mark i solved it by splitting up the sin^5 and setting u equal to cos but we got totally different answers. how is that so?

  • @dernierergenekon5234
    @dernierergenekon5234 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    at 11:00 i said cosx^2 = 1 - sinx^2, result was different but i think this must be true too ._.

  • @haydencarpenter1516
    @haydencarpenter1516 ปีที่แล้ว

    I hope both sides of your pillow are exactly like the other side of the pillow forever and always

  • @freedomdive1881
    @freedomdive1881 ปีที่แล้ว

    I can pretty much do Integrals and derivatives very well. But I become stupid when the problems are trigonometry, exponential function, or logarithms.

  • @radscodyp1233
    @radscodyp1233 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are THE BOSS