#57 Russian cases - Genitive case - Russian grammar
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ค. 2014
- A typing error at 5:50 - достигать (reach)
7:01 - if a masculine noun ends in -й, remove -й and add -я (not -а).
Genitive case is quite popular in Russian and there are several rules which will help you inderstand when you should use it and how. Today we will memorize genitive forms for singular nouns!
Stay tuned for more Russian and English videos!
My channel - / antoniaromaker
My group - RusWithPas
My facebook group - / ruswithpas
This was a wonderful explanation of the genitive case with a set of excellent exercises at the end. Thanks very much, Antonia for your superb efforts on this - very much appreciated!
Dear Antonia, your videos are really really helpful and well structured! Thank you very much, they help me a lot!
Thank you for these Russian lessons. I'm of Russian heritage and I'm learning Russian. You make me proud to be Russian. Спасибо 😊
Thank you very much! You are very kind! ;)
No problem. 😊
I know im asking randomly but does anybody know of a trick to get back into an instagram account..?
I stupidly lost my login password. I would love any help you can give me!
@Mario Tyler instablaster :)
You are Really good at this stuff. Thank you
+Efe Can thank you for your kind comment ;)
Could you please help me how to get alive english classes?
I really like to study this case ! Without grammar we can not to learn a language. I really thank you very much lady Romaker !! I am very glad, you are "the girl" !!
This might be the best explanation I’ve seen on Russian genitive cases. Thank you for this video.
Thank you so much! I always learn something new with you that is not in my books. That way I know at least how a real life conversation might look like. Thank you again.
Thank you so much for these lessons and translations into english. You make it so easy to understand such difficult rules. My Serbian helps a lot as well. Kind regards.
Thank you so much for your videos! I'm learning a bunch!
здравствуйте
what was making me confused all the time and not letting me learn well, it was only visible information about Genitive case. Now everything is clear by you. большое спасибо.
Iam glad it helped! :)
I watched this video last summer and the concept of cases went completely over my head. I took a break for the school year, but I resumed studying again this week. Having already been exposed to the language, it's been much easier this time around! I am understanding more about grammar this summer. Thank you, Антонина!
Basic knowledge of grammar is of course very helpful in this process ;) I am glad my videos help you :)
Yes, this lesson is very useful. Thank you.
thank you very much you are a very good teacher.
Your way of explaining is great... Thank you... Keep the good work up👍👍
You're so sweet and encouraging! Been enjoying your videos for a few days now. Glad I found them :)
+KIBanshee9 Thank you! :)
Hallo Antonia ! danke, das war sehr hilfreich. Gruesse aus Berlin.
Ich freue mich!
It was very excelent, thank you for educating, i love yu Antonia
Nice lesson. The best.
I recomend and lesson russian with Nastya. Also very useful. I am using both and improve a lot my knowledge
Я каждый день смотру ваши видео. Всё чисто :)
Very helpful. My study is mostly reading so I'll look out for genetive cases as I read.
I am moving to Russia in January and you are the best internet teacher on youtube. Thanks.
+g Lemon wow, thank you! How come you move to Russia? Just curious :)
+Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online To teach English whoo hoo! Super excited. Your videos are really helping me.
g Lemon I am very glad they do ;) Where exactly do you go to? What city?
An excellently presented lesson. Genitive continues to challenge me.
You can do it!🥰
You had to write " i have learnt the poem of the Pushkin by heart" instead of " i learned a poem by Pushkin by heart".
Thanks for the lesson
Спасибо! Your videos are the best for learning Russian on TH-cam! By the way, your English is excellent (better than many natives, actually). :)
+themusicalartperson thank you so much! :) You are too kind!
The beautiful explanation by a beautiful mam. I am in russia and i m learning russian for one year i didn't get anything but your way of explaing make me understood everthing
You are welcome ❤
You have a good way to teach making students confidents of trusting can learn russian you have easy way A simple and interesting explanation
I love your lessons.
You talk about reading Russian books and watching Russian movies. Can you recommend some good easy books and what is your favorite Russian movie?
Try to find some adapted texts and stories, to tell you the truth I read classics and psychology in Russian, which will be of no use to you, I think. Try reading kids stories by Эдуарда Успенский or detective stories by Дарья Донцова, I don't know... or Harry Potter in Russian.
As for films, I don't watch them much lately, especially Russian ones. I love old Russian movies like Гараж, Служебный роман, Иван Васильевич меняет профессию, Приключения Шурика.
Thank you, I love your courses
+Hol volt, hol nem volt you are welcome!
Excellent , well done
It was very exelent,i love you antonia.
I am Russian. I live in Russia. I like your video. You are great teacher of Russian language!
I am sorry for errors in text.
Why do you watch my Russian lessons? :)
Потому, что мне интересно как иностранцы учат "очень сложные" падежи в русском языке. Написать на английском языке не смог, английский знаю плохо)
Thank you for teaching us - much love from Syria
you are very welcome ;)
good to get some grammar points cleared up once and for all!
+Jane Minaudo I am glad my videos help you ;)
Genetive case and Possessive case are different in Russian. Родительный и притяжательный падежи русского языка несут приблизительно один смысл, но разные по конструкции.
Отличный урок! Буду рекомендовать моим друзьям!
you are a good teacher, thanks. good luck.
දීප්ත ගයාන් thank you! :)
Great explanation
Thank you! 😊
very good
for the first time i learn some thing sensible , thank you . am studying russian language right naw
Hi lady romaker thank you for your nice lesson explain just asking you if can making like writing lesson after finish you vedeo to read and remain
Why does Ivan get an extra 'A'? Where could I find more info about this as it is quite confusing.
I liked this video and the practice at the end. Спасибою
At 7:04 , you mention that masculine nouns that end in й change to я , but the print on the screen at this point says to change to A. I think what you are saying is correct. In my reference book, Санаторий changes to Я in the genitive. I think the print here visual typing at the bottom of the screen might need to be corrected. I could be wrong though.
In the exercise at the end, you said “Никоторы из моих подруг учителя”. Why not учителницы since the sentence involves an all girl group.
Thanks as always for your help.
Thank you for your message, as for the typing error at 7.01, I mentioned it in the description, sorry about it.
The word учительница is rather colloquial, учитель is used for both, males and females ;)
The table was very helpful! Took a screenshot
xxxxxXCARLXxxxxx cool :)
how to know when you take a look at a diccionary, if it's used in one case or another? thanks for the videos, they're actually really helpful to quick-start me to russian grammar
+Miquel Aparicio Borràs I am glad my videos help! in a dictionary all nouns are given in the initial (infinitive) form. Probably there will be some basic endings too, I am not sure, as I don't have such a dictionary, I am a native speaker.
As for words in sentences - take a look at the endings and consult your grammar notes, which you make while watching my classes ;)
Antonina, instead of the use of "из", can i use "от" ? As for example - " ключи из моей сестры" or "ключи от моей сестры" ! Is it the same ?
You can't say ключи из моей сестры, only ключи от моей сестры or simply ключи моей сестры
Thank you
You are great
Just go on
Safeer Alyubary and thank you for watching! :)
Спасибо !
Пожалуйста! ;)
Helpful
Glad you think so!
i really like it thanks a lot.
niman abdi and thank you for watching!!! ;)
Why is in the sentence "в этом доме нет света" the word "дом" has changed to "доме". Is that another case other than the genitive? I know the word "свет" changed to "света"(genitive case right?)
Prepositions: Very very useful
William J. U. thank you :) great!
Dear Antonia, i love your lessons, things are starting to make sense, slowly but still. I'm confused about something which i will call 'case override'. Example: 'The kid is playing with his toy on the sofa'. I guess we have a mix of the accusative and prepositional case in this sentence, how to reason in this situation? Do the prepositional case overrides the accusative? Can you explain this? Thanks!
+Fernando Mir Ребёнок играет со своей игрушкой на диване. Here prepositions dictate cases - 'c' needs the Instrumental case and it is quite logical here and 'на' needs Prepositional case, as here we talk about the place, not the direction. I need to make more videos about prepositions :)
+Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online humm Instrumental, i thought about that before posting haha...thanks, and a suggestion: most common reflexive verbs :)
Fernando Mir thank you for the idea! ;) And keep going! :)
Very useful lesson, It makes things a bit clearer for me. Although seems like feminine words in genitive are similar to their plural form in nominative. Might adds some confusion to define their case in sentence x) ...
Nezzu cho you are right it happens quite often, but usually you can understand what form is meant (singular or plural) by the context, with the help of the verb etc. ;)
why is number 6 без масла and not без маслы? shouldn't масла change to the genitive case because it is a negative sentence?
because it is neuter with the ending -o
th-cam.com/video/3mrtPegDyPQ/w-d-xo.htmlm32s
Sometimes I get confused with the pronuntiation of "я" endings (i.e. бояться,
нравиться) what's the key to do that well?
William J. U. try to focus on the soft [s'] + [a] and to make it easier you can try to introduce a tiny [i] between --> [s'ia]
заботиться - [zabOt'it's'ia]
For example #3 is it моех подруга instead of моех подруг because it's plural, right?
Can you give me the time code, please?
it's моих подруг because it's plural
how do we make genitive for nouns that end in (k) when they are plural . It will be great if you give me an example. thank you in advance. you are wonderful.
why don't you give me an example of such words and I will create the necessary form for you ;)
урок?? maybe?
thanks Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online
Does the ending of an noun remain in nominative if you have it, but declines to genitive if you don't have it? I.E - the Blender is still in nominative case in the example shown, is that why?
No, it doesn't matter whether the sentence is positive or negative, as for the object you have it is in Nominative, as for the person who has it (you for example) it is in Genitive.Could you give me the time code of the example?
it is number 6 in the list. I have a blender. if i don't have a blender, would i add an 'a' to the end of the word?
У меня есть блендер. У меня нет блендера.
at 8:26 I am confused by the second exception. shouldn't they end in a anyway because they end in a hard consonant? why would I want to put a я in the first place?
yeah, it is kind of not necessary, it just underlines the idea that we do not use я after ч or щ ;)
Thanks for the super helpful content
Good info! But one small thing I believe you missed the т on достигать in your verb list!
Хосэ Барон You are right ;) thank you for the tip :)
Like this a lot
Jackie Stanmore I am very glad! :)
c много дней Я учусь у вас.
можете сказать хорошый бесплатный словар за компютер?
спасибо большое!
www.multitran.ru/
Please try to make a book by your easy explain just fondamental things of grammar you are a good teacher them main easy of russia luanguage from you vedeo
A great help but I'm still very confused about the ending -ов.. I noted everything you said butt i don't think you've explained when to use ов...
ов is used for plural - th-cam.com/video/ol7LqeimkpY/w-d-xo.html
fristly thanks a lot .. and did u make a video about the adjs ? in a Genitive case ?
+ Russian is a realy big deal
sorry, no video about adjectives in different cases yet, but I will make such videos later for sure! Thank you for watching! ;)
p.s. what do you mean that Russian is a bog deal? :)
I mean . despite it's difficulty but it makes me happy when i learn how to say a word such as a book and | "surprise" .. i say it correct :D |
I am very glad that you enjoy the process! ;)
I would like to ask a question, my dear teacher. Could you please tell me according to which rule "кольцо" turns into " коле́ц" in plural form of genetive case? i have really hard time identifing the structure so that i can apply it to other words like "кольцо". THANK YOU beforehand)))
I haven't made a video about Genitive plural and studied this topic thoroughly, so I am not ready to answer yet.
Try reading these pages:
www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_genitive.php
masterrussian.com/aa061500a.shtml
According to the rule, if the neuter noun ends in -o, to form plural Genitive you need to drop the ending -o, and that's it. Although in this case you also need to add e before ц and drop the soft sign, as e makes the letter л soft, so you don't need the soft sign any more, it is done to make the word sound natural.
More examples:
яблоко (Nom. singular) - яблок (Gen. plural)
существо - существ
вещество - веществ
место - мест
There are exceptions though.
яйцо - яиц
Thank you for taking time to answer, it really helped:))
no problem ;)
Antonia romaker I don't know that should saying romakerovna or if this
You say Antonia Romaker, Romaker here is a surname, not отчество.
for example words like человек (I don't know the plural of it) - and words like it. How will it become when it comes in plural and in the genitive
as for plural there will be seperate videos devoted to plural nouns in different cases ;)
p.s. человек - plural люди - genitive plural людей
thanks for answering i will wait for this video, you are wonderful
and if you please teach us the ending OB
petra shaden why is this ending so special? :)
petra shaden.. i think the ob it's about genitive plural, I think
Good lipstick choice for your coloring.
Thank you! ;)
At 7:06 you say that you should change -й to -я but it shows -а, I know it is -я but it might confuse some people.
it is a typying error, sorry, it should change into -я, as I say in the video.
I'm confused:
when we have to say for example "house of my mom" we have to change "my" and "mom" or only one of these?
both my and mom change ;)
okay, thank you! ^^
it's tough but thank you.
+cj7ification you are welcome! ;)
In masculine: "й"-> "я" or "a". I think it's "я". Can you explain this for me? Thanks.
you need to add я in this case, I made a mistake, sorry!
чай - чая
мая - мая
😁 thank you^^
Hello!
Can you make a video or send me on a page that will explain genitive case of adjectives? 😊
This might help - www.russianlessons.net/grammar/adjectives.php
@@AntoniaRomaker just what I thanks needed
There is a spelling error at 5.50 for the verb to reach. You prononce the "T" but is missing in the text. Nice classes overall. Thank you
thank you! Work too much, my bad :(
Blandier or bliendier? I know there are some differences between ucranian and russian pronunciation. Which is yours? Thank you.
what does this mean - 'Blandier or bliendier', I don't get it, sorry.. I am Russian, not Ukrainian, although I have many relatives in Ukraine ;)
BLENDER IN ENGLISH, BUT YOUR PRONUNCIATION IN RUSSIAN WAS NOT WITH THE E.
jose jaime botello valle NO NEED TO WRITE LIKE THIS.
Blender in Russian is блендер, both vowels are pronounced as 'э', so very close to English [e] sound.
Where in this video do I say this word? Can you give me the time code?
Я верно понял, что Вы сказали, что в русском языке в рассматриваемой теме важен порядок слов? Если да, то готов возразить. Я могу сказать не только "плащ моей мамы", но и " *моей* мамы плащ" и даже " *мамы* моей плащ", а также "плащ *мамы* моей". Согласен, первый вариант встречается значительно чаще, но остальные вполне допустимы,. Кроме того, если делать интонационные ударения, то смысл фразы чуть-чуть меняется (кстати, интересная тема для урока) и в этих случаях другие варианты бывают более предпочтительны.
+Etwas Etwas да, инверсия стандартной конструкции возможна. В русском вообще с порядком слов кавардак.
I didn't understand why after без is праблем, а не праблема?
без demands Genitive and here the word проблема is in Genitive plural.
★
Here notice that some of the sentences contain genitive forms not only of nouns but of pronouns and adjectives.
Like:
3.
Some of my girlfriends are teachers.
Некоторые из моих подруг - учителя.
Nekatoryye iz maikh padrug - uchitelya.
Моих is also in genertive case. So the words are connected with the noun in a
particular case.
♦ Now let's focus in number 8:
She doesn’t have classes today.
Lit: She doesn’t today have lessons.
У неё нет сегодня уроков .
U neyo net sevodnya urokaf .
Here we use genitive case in two situations:
1.
In the first one with the pronoun У неё [U neyo] because the phrase “I have”
in Russian is translated with the help of the genitive case.
We'll focus on this particular construction in another class.
2.
And there is the second interesting thing:
нет сегодня уроков .
net sevodnya urokaf .
So it's a negation [нет -net ]and after it we also use a noun in the genitive case.
Уроков.
Уроков.= classes/lessons in genitive case
Урок= a lesson[nominative case]
But in between we have an adverbial modifier- сегодня{ today} [sevodnya].
As you know the word order in Russian is not as strict as in English ,and that's why we can say:
She doesn’t have classes today.
У неё нет уроков сегодня.
U neyo net urokaf sevodnya.
So both variants are possible .
So that's it that's all for today . We studied the genitive case
well closely. Now your job is to watch this video for a couple of times.
I understand that it sounds very complicated but I want to assure you
that it is worth it. And if you keep going ;if you do not stop -if you keep
fighting you will succeed!!
You can watch this video and forget half of it. It's not a big deal it's not
bad ; just try to remember the general things here and maybe watch the video a
couple of times then you'll remember more. That's it. I hope that you find this class useful and you like it.
And I hope to see you soon. Happy Russian and English practice. Bye !
Я люблю очень очень ромакеровна
Ромакеровна? :)))
4.
GENITIVE CASE IN A NOUN WITH NEGATION
Quite often we use the genitive case in a noun over a noun when there is negation.
For example:
-There is no light in this house.
В этом доме нет света.
V etam dome net sveta.
★
Whom what?
Кого чего ?
Kavo chevo?
These are the questions which are asked when you deal with the genitive case.
Свет=light{nominative case}
Света =light{in the Genitive case}
5.
GENITIVE CASE AND PREPOSITIONS≈{GENITIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS
We also use the genitive case after the following propositions:
Без = Without[Byez]
Для =for [Dlya]
До =before[Da]
Из =from[Iz]
Из -за= because of/from behind [Iz-za]
Из -под= from under[Iz-pat]
Кроме=except[Krome]
На= on[Na]
От= from[At]
С / Cо= with/from
У = b y, at, with
Около =near[Okala]
Вокруг=round[Vakrug]
Недалеко от=not far from[Nedaleko at]
Позади=behind[Pazadi]
Напротив=opposite[Naprotif]
Посреди= in the middle of[Pasredi]
Мимо= past[Mima]
Вдоль = along [Vlod']
There are some exceptions -so some of these prepositions
can be used with other cases. But still mostly we use the genitive case after
6.
VERBS USED WITH GENITIVE CASE.
Let's study a list of verbs up to which we are also supposed to use the genitive
Case:
Просить= to ask for [Prasit' ]
Хотеть= to want[Khatet']
Требовать= to demand[Trebavat']
Искать= to search for [Iskat']
Ждать= to wait for[Zhdat']
Достигать=to reach[Dastigat']
Желать= to wish for[Zhelat' ]
Бояться = to be afraid of [Bayat'sya]
These verbs are very common and they are popular. That's why it would be a
good idea to memorize them with the genitive case. And mostly we use them with an abstract noun or an indefinite object. So a noun which designates an abstract or indefinite objects.
For example:
-To demand justice
Требовать справедливости
Trebavat' spravedlivosti
In this sentence- in this phrase -the word
Justice[справедливости ] is in the genitive case because it's used after the verb [Требовать] and it's an abstract notion.
7.
HOW TO FORM THE GENITIVE CASE
So here we should remember some changes. Let's memorize them.
7.1.
MASCULINE NOUN
7.1.1
If this masculine noun ends in a consonant in its initial form or in its dictionary form, then we should put the ending [a]
If a masculine noun ends in[ Й] remove [Й] and add [a].
If a masc. noun ends in a soft sign [Ь] and add [Я ].
What about plural nouns?
th-cam.com/video/ol7LqeimkpY/w-d-xo.html&index=12&list=PLCL8PrsNNVvcqprs0QyDwJjSXh6fIwJty
i am goin to watch this more times
+ian howelll it should help understand the topic better ;)
подгорать -- это значит "to cook"? I don't think you want "to burn" the bliniy
ich liebe dich ❤
I thought after хотеть you should use винительный падеж, as in "я хочу собаку"
You can use both ;) when you use винительный падеж you are more direct.
Sound so funny🤣
❤️🇷🇺❤️🇷🇺 СПАСИБО БОЛШОЙ
i need this version but un french please...
in French? I don't speak French, sorry
Отличие! but where was the plural
HI!! I'm brazilian😜
After watching this video, I think Russian is 2x harder than Chinese.
Сделайте пожалуйста видео на русский
В смысле? :)
Please why уроков and not урока?
У неё нет севодня уроков и не урока!?
It depends on how many lessons we are taking about 😉
@@AntoniaRomaker спасибо)
Ms.Antonia romaker is my russian teacher.Are you on face book.TEACH ME PL..
I already know that you will catch me in this mistake of romaker
Not sure if english native or russian :D:D
Cuasimodo2372 Russian ;)
+Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online Высшая оценка знания языка:)!
Etwas Etwas какого языка? :)
Antonia Romaker - English and Russian onlineАнглийского. Если носитель языка не может понять какой из языков для Вас родной, то это что-нибудь да значит.
She has a slight russian accent at all
2 months i have spent on this genitive case i could not understand please show me way for learn russian ((
Musfiq Omarov Hello, I have many-many videos here, devoted to Russian, they can help you a lot! Russian is quite a difficult languagу to learn, but still very interesting! So just try to stay strong and keep going! When you master it you'll feel like you have conquered the world! :)
Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online i am from azerbaijan you know it :) in this lands was former soviet union azerbaijan is independent now but everbody know russian also in azerbaijan if you do not know russian people think that you are fool idiot very funny but that is right i have finished turkish school education english. fluently turkish and english i know for me learn russian very hard basic russian i know but when i watch russian channels russian videos russian musics i do not understand something. russian is very important for me i am from azerbaijan not tanzania ;) could you help me maybe we can be friend we can talk in skype or something. just i want learn russian if you help me i will be very glad also you speak english it is very good for me normally russians do not know english i will wait positive answer thanks till now thanks :)
Musfiq Omarov umfortunaly, I have very little free time, so I can't chat.. :( You can write to me here at my channel, and I try to answer all comments here, so we can chat a little
p.s. I understand now why you need Russian, thank you for explaining ;)
Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online ok
7.2.
FEMININE NOUNS
♦ If a fem. Noun ends in [a] remove [a] and add [ы].
♦ If a fem. Noun ends in [ь], remove [ь] and add [И ].
Exception: Maculine nouns ending а, я follow the same pattern as feminine nouns ending in а, я. For example: папа - папы. {father}; Дядя Дяди{uncle}.
7.3.
NEUTER NOUNS
If neuter noun ends in [O], remove [O] and add [a].
If neuter noun ends in [e], remove [e] and add [я].
So these are the general rules and there are a couple of exceptions and I will
tell you about them in a second. Now I will show you a table of how now is
change their forms in genitive case in the genitive case -how you can take a
nominative case and turn it into the genitive case.
The Genitive of singular nouns
Nominative Remove Add Genitive
masculine брат
чай --
й а
я брата
чая
neuter окно
море о
е а
я окна
моря
feminine печь
вода ь
а и
ы печи
воды
So take a look at the table analyse it and I will tell you about the exceptions now.
Explanation of the table:
Add -а to masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant (брат) and neuter nouns ending in -o (окно).
Add -я to masculine nouns ending in -й, -ь (чай, учитель) and neuter nouns ending in -е, -ие (море, орудие).
Add -и to feminine nouns ending in -я, -ь (печь).
Add -ы to feminine nouns ending in -a (вода).
Exception 1: Because of the spelling rules, you should use the ending -и instead of -ы in feminine nouns ending in hard к, г, х or ж ш. For example: девочка - девочки, книга книги.
Exception 2: Because of the spelling rules, you should use the ending -а instead of -я in masculine nouns ending in ч, щ. For example: ключ - ключа, товарищ - товарища.
Exception 3: Maculine nouns ending а, я follow the same pattern as feminine nouns ending in а, я. For example: папа - папы.
-Now at the end of our class I will give you a set of sentences English sentences and your job is to translate them. Be careful about the genitive case. So well you are going to have a little practice and that would be quite useful.
TRANSLATION EXERCISE
1.
I learned a poem by Pushkin by heart.
Я выучил[m]/ Я выучилa [f] стихотворение Пушкина наизусть.
YA vyuchil stikhatvoreniye Pushkina naizust'.
2.
There is no light in the house across the street.
В доме напротив нет света.
V dome naprotif net sveta.
3.
Some of my girlfriends are teachers.
Некоторые из моих подруг - учителя.
Nekatoryye iz maikh padrug - uchitelya.
4.
He went out of the room and did not say goodbye.
Он вышел из комнаты и не попрощался.
On vyshel iz komnaty i ne paprashchalsya.
5.
Pancakes are burnt without oil.
Блины подгорают без масла.
Bliny padgarayut bez masla.
6.
I have a blender.
У меня есть блендер.
U menya yest' blender.
7.
I want freedom.
Я хочу свободы.
YA khochu svabody.
8.
She doesn’t have classes today.
У неё нет сегодня уроков .
U neyo net sevodnya urokaf .
9.
This is my father’s car.
Это машина моего отца.
Eta mashina mayevo attsa.
!! WHY DIDN'T YOU EXPLAIN THE PLURAL NOUNS
They will be in a separate video, as it would be too long...
You are very very beautiful and very very much Great ❣️