Benedict Reagent = Preparation & Use in Estimation of Carbohydrate | Benedict Reagent कैसे बनाते हैं

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Benedict’s Test is used to test for simple carbohydrates. The Benedict’s test identifies reducing sugars (monosaccharide’s and some disaccharides), which have free ketone or aldehyde functional groups. Benedict’s solution can be used to test for the presence of glucose in urine.
Some sugars such as glucose are called reducing sugars because they are capable of transferring hydrogens (electrons) to other compounds, a process called reduction. When reducing sugars are mixed with Benedicts reagent and heated, a reduction reaction causes the Benedicts reagent to change color. The color varies from green to dark red (brick) or rusty-brown, depending on the amount of and type of sugar.
Principle of Benedict’s Test
When Benedict’s solution and simple carbohydrates are heated, the solution changes to orange red/ brick red. This reaction is caused by the reducing property of simple carbohydrates. The copper (II) ions in the Benedict’s solution are reduced to Copper (I) ions, which causes the color change. The red copper(I) oxide formed is insoluble in water and is precipitated out of solution. This accounts for the precipitate formed. As the concentration of reducing sugar increases, the nearer the final color is to brick-red and the greater the precipitate formed. Sometimes a brick red solid, copper oxide, precipitates out of the solution and collects at the bottom of the test tube.Sodium carbonate provides the alkaline conditions which are required for the redox reaction. Sodium citrate complexes with the copper (II) ions so that they do not deteriorate to copper(I) ions during storage.
Composition of Benedict's reagent
One litre of Benedict’s Solution can be prepared from 100 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 173 g of sodium citrate and 17.3 g of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
Preparation of benedict reagent
Dissolve 173 g of sodium citrate and 100 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in 800 ml of slightly warm distilled water. Filter it, if necessary. Dissolve 17.3 g of copper sulphate (cupric sulphate) in 100 ml of distilled water separately. Mix this copper sulphate solution slowly with 800 ml of sodium carbonate-citrate solution with constant stirring. Now make the final volume 1000 ml with distilled water
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