3 Karate STRENGTH Tools From Okinawa

แชร์
ฝัง
  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
  • กีฬา

ความคิดเห็น • 247

  • @KARATEbyJesse
    @KARATEbyJesse  6 ปีที่แล้ว +35

    Thanks for your awesome comments! 😄 More videos from Okinawa on the way. 👍 In the meanwhile, check out my website: www.karatebyjesse.com

    • @estebanbaez7629
      @estebanbaez7629 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Jesse Enkamp Good video, please subtitle the next videos in Spanish so you can understand them from Argentina:)

    • @leonardopolato2634
      @leonardopolato2634 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      more videos about tools

    • @ShadowBills408
      @ShadowBills408 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Jesse I know some the training tools you display are personally made, but it would be nice if you can point out a recomended web site for this tools or even better have them for sale in your web site, thank you and have a nice day.

    • @egecabaroglu493
      @egecabaroglu493 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Jesse Enkamp hey ı want to ask somethıng ım yellow belt in karate but when ı search from internet ı heard that jeet kune do is better and Powerful so my motivation is so low what must ı thınk please help??!!

    • @topotronic
      @topotronic 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I practice Kung Fu in Mexico. All your videos had excellent info. Thanks for sharing your knowledge 🙌🙌

  • @moosabinnaseem166
    @moosabinnaseem166 6 ปีที่แล้ว +96

    We have tons of chi ishi in Pakistan , but the are used to mark no parking areas 😂😂

    • @KARATEbyJesse
      @KARATEbyJesse  6 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Haha! 😜

    • @Childoflight-ln7yu
      @Childoflight-ln7yu 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Funny story!
      Do you know what we say?
      Other countries, other customs.

    • @epic-zc3oo
      @epic-zc3oo 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Is like a gada

    • @karlievbayram811
      @karlievbayram811 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      Seems that everything came from China, but China borrowed it from India and simply changed the name. All these tools you can find in India from ancient times. India is the birthplace of Buddhism and martial arts.

    • @saniagungwidodo
      @saniagungwidodo 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      same in Indonesia hahaha

  • @Peter-rg4ng
    @Peter-rg4ng 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent Jesse. Clear, practical and knowledge filled.

  • @Κυαδρών
    @Κυαδρών 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Sensei Jessie, I like your way and respect to you. BTW, which style of karate do you practice? I practice Shotokan, and I am an orange belt. I like your way of teaching. Keep it up and progress to many subs.

  • @6cheesyb1
    @6cheesyb1 6 ปีที่แล้ว +41

    It's really interesting seeing the similarities between these tools and some modern implements. The way you're gripping the jars is nearly identical to certain strongman exercises, and that last wrist training tool is in a lot of bodybuilding gyms. It's great to see how effective training methods stand the test of time.

  • @melv938
    @melv938 6 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Great explanations, especially for a Shotokan-guy who's not as used to hojo undo! Could you also do a video on kakie kumite? It seems a really interesting subject that gets to little attention.

  • @Kickfitbot
    @Kickfitbot 6 ปีที่แล้ว +32

    You are awesome Jesse...can you please make a video on Kyokushin karate ...😃😃

  • @peterrussell6029
    @peterrussell6029 6 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Hi Jesse, Great vid - any chance you could do one with more exercises on Chi Ishi (incl. construction)? All the best from Ireland (in the rain).

  • @CDCLTRADER
    @CDCLTRADER 6 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Thank you for taking the time to share some of these traditional Okinawan strength building tools. The background and terminology adds a level of understanding that will allow further research and practical use. As you stated, these could be made, and used in home or at our dojo. It's very inspirational to see you traveling and studying in Okinawa; what great opportunities you create for yourself, and how fortunate we are that you share them.
    As always, Thank you Jesse 🙏

  • @jackjohn7606
    @jackjohn7606 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you bro....these most effective training for Bone Conditioning for all Martials Arts and Boxers...

  • @mubtasimhossainlabib5409
    @mubtasimhossainlabib5409 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Need more strength tool videos

  • @lisanulshaaz8057
    @lisanulshaaz8057 6 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    I did once seen a master striking the wall with back of his hand thats pretty hardcore conditioning

  • @GoodandBasic
    @GoodandBasic 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Antifragile! I love the philosophy of Nassim Taleb. Loved the reference! JB

  • @superbean8110
    @superbean8110 6 ปีที่แล้ว +48

    What do you call a goat that knows martial arts?
    Karate kid. =D

  • @Anton_the_Vampire
    @Anton_the_Vampire 6 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Love it! These look like things that I should try to create/buy & use. Tkd doesn't have a "sanchin" Dachi equivalent, that I know of, but I guess I could "borrow" the stance, for practice purposes. Lol

    • @josephperkins4080
      @josephperkins4080 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Dude u would end up with a huge advantage over other TKD guys

  • @KaratePlaybook
    @KaratePlaybook 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Great Video! We actually just had a "makiage kigu" challenge at my dojo where they had to see how many times they could bring it up and back down controlled in 1 minute. It was a lot of fun (at least it was for me while watching😅). Thanks for the consistent and valuable videos.

    • @KARATEbyJesse
      @KARATEbyJesse  6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Fantastic 👍 Thanks for watching!

  • @evjj1969
    @evjj1969 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Your knowledge is important to me to know more about karate. Thanks.

  • @joeldombecki2140
    @joeldombecki2140 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Jesse when are you going to begin filming the reboot of Bloodsport? I can't wait!!!

  • @waaagh3203
    @waaagh3203 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Here's a tip for the nigiri game. I took a 1 inch pipe, a 2 inch adapter to a 2 inch pipe, and a 4 inch flange. I can stack weights at the bottom and the flange is big enough for me to grab onto like the top. It's used the exact same way, and the weight is easier to move. I also used a similar idea stacking pipe together to make a big old mace that has variable weights (depending on how many pipe inserts you use) as a chi ishi.

  • @RaydenDad
    @RaydenDad 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Jesse, I have been practicing Okinawan Karate for over 30 years, after Subscribing to your channel I realize I have not been STUDYING Okinawan Karate. I want to thank you for making such wonderfully educational videos. I am a NASM-CPT and MMACS (Personal Trainer with Mixed Martial Arts Conditioning Specialist), and this video makes me have wonderful dreams about having my own dojo one day. Thank you, thank you, thank you. - Keith

    • @KARATEbyJesse
      @KARATEbyJesse  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for chiming in! Great to hear 😁

  • @MkhuzoMwanza
    @MkhuzoMwanza 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    CHIKARA means something totally different in Zambia. 🇿🇲🇿🇲🇿🇲

  • @rajeevprabhu6722
    @rajeevprabhu6722 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are displaying a lot of simple and common Indian traditional (ancient) combat and physical training tools and techniques with the labels of Japanese, Okinawa and China....!

  • @sabt8518
    @sabt8518 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks so much for the tips!! I’ve been training for 8 years and I’m always looking for new ways to improve myself :)

  • @nn8239
    @nn8239 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Biggest thank for video. Much provide know and a wide in Okinawan karate style.

  • @1RedShinobi
    @1RedShinobi ปีที่แล้ว +2

    It's important to use these tools

  • @six4and9
    @six4and9 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great movie, Sensei Jesse, I like the way you explain the conditioning exercises in a straightforward and practical application. You're a real inspiration. Hope you had a good time training in Okinawa 🙏💪🥋🍀

  • @gianlu6863
    @gianlu6863 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Good video Sensei, I would love to see a video completely dedicated to the conditioning tools and exercises. Great video as always and cheers from Italy, Osu!

  • @elmalifico3708
    @elmalifico3708 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    1. The Chi Ishi. Awesome tool. Reminds me of the Indian club, which is something that I've recently been experimenting with. Love how you can mimic blocks with this and it's great for your shoulders.
    3. Always a classic for grip and forearm strength

  • @swdw973
    @swdw973 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Due to a shoulder injury from a motorcycle accident many moons ago, I have to work that shoulder to keep it from drooping. Rotator cuff exercises help, but adding chi ishi routines , especially the more advanced single handed ones that rotate the shoulder, made a much bigger difference. Showed a doctor- he thought the exercises were wonderful for the shoulder.
    I'd encourage anyone to , at a minimum, learn the chi ishi.

    • @RyanMcDaniel737
      @RyanMcDaniel737 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sam Walker I’ve been meaning to make a couple!

  • @fredazcarate4818
    @fredazcarate4818 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Jesse you may be a Karate nerd but you are awesome in dispensing knowledge.

  • @samimakiwara8584
    @samimakiwara8584 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    hello from algeria and thank you so much jesse and karate is not sport is an art fighting

  • @dnmgch
    @dnmgch 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I am more preferably to grow my body mass from these functional weight training. I am trying to collect functional weight tools from different countries and discipline: China, Iran, India, Okinawa and Russia
    China: stone farming tools particularly influenced Okinawa's tools
    Iran, India and the whole subcontinent : Aryan weaponry based tools such as Gada, Clubs, Mungli
    Russia: as far i know, the famous kettlebell

  • @tommycorbett4023
    @tommycorbett4023 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Really enjoy your videos. I was into Tang Soo Do for about 12 years and achieved the rank of E dan. And then my instructor moved away. Now I am in Ryukyu Kempo. We use a Suburito for strength training in our class which as you know is basically a heavier version of a bokken. Again thanks for all you do.

  • @ignaciomayenthegoldenrule9618
    @ignaciomayenthegoldenrule9618 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice. I studied Aikido in Okinawa and would see the farmers use their tools for practice.

  • @maryeljustine4086
    @maryeljustine4086 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello sensei
    Can you make kyukoshin video💖

  • @achyutkale7968
    @achyutkale7968 6 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    your okinawa trip is over

    • @KARATEbyJesse
      @KARATEbyJesse  6 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      No it literally just began

  • @smaulpaul
    @smaulpaul 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Ooooh I love this. Time to get me some rope and wood and make some of these awesome tools. Thank you so much

  • @gaiusmarcus8
    @gaiusmarcus8 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Chi ishi is like a Dumbell without the other end.

    • @aple8307
      @aple8307 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      gaiusmarcus8 and the stick is bit tilted

  • @alessandrocattaneo4810
    @alessandrocattaneo4810 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video, as usual! I always found interesting the old training tools, and who could show them better than Jesse? On a side note, about the stances: i am a Shotokan practitioner, and i DO shikodachi, although i didn't in my former dojo. I discovered it isn't common in my style through your blog O__O But i find it much better than kibadachi, it's more stable, more natural, and less taxing for the knees. Of course, in China, they've been doing "horse stance" for millennials, but old masters aren't ALWAYS right

  • @davewheeler8709
    @davewheeler8709 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I actually used the makiwara for conditioning and teaching my students conditioning and then since I had no way to get bamboo for the iron body training that is used in some Kung fu I would use for example the shuto strikes to condition other parts of the body and would start easy and work to harder.

  • @mikebrewer7566
    @mikebrewer7566 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    😏 I use a dumbbell

  • @ArmenianBrandy
    @ArmenianBrandy 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love how you teach your viewers the traditional ways of training. This video reminds me of hard qi gong practices in Shaolin kungfu (which is the art Im practicing). We use bamboo "brushes" and the most experienced use metal brushes or as you said, bricks/rocks. Lockstones etc. Interesting I love watching your vids, sensei. Omituofo! 🙏🏼

  • @bluebunnybooks
    @bluebunnybooks 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Strong 💪 Body

  • @kidohchi
    @kidohchi 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I saw an old movie with a Japanese master, I do not know the name Unfortunately¿!-
    😬 He was punching a train...,
    👺🤜🙋‍♂️🙋‍♂️🙋‍♂️🙋‍♂️🦴🤷‍♀️
    Nooooo! a friggin' TRAIN-!
    🚂🤛👹👍
    And, at full force, no doubt. I have always wondered how they got to level ~¿☆☆🐼☆☆?~
    My sensor used to make stew push-ups on our uncles and run and some other various things I always thought how do you get to that level

  • @itz_just_me594
    @itz_just_me594 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome video

  • @mikeLgriebel
    @mikeLgriebel 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    CHI ISHI: I will see if I can construct one. You can easily construct many of these tools.
    NIGIRI GAME: I remember this one from the old TV-series Kung Fu with David Carradine.
    MAKIAGE KIGU: Climbers use a wrist roller which works the same way. I bought one online, and I use it every day with different weights.
    KITAE BO: Maybe later.

  • @gurpreetsingh-sm9wz
    @gurpreetsingh-sm9wz ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi 👋 Jesse
    This is Sandeep singh, I am one the fan of Micheal jai white too.
    I always keep watching your videos about karate do, martial arts, etc
    I am also there on Instagram to
    # Now my major questions is about katas
    Goju ryu kata
    Shito ryu kata
    Shotokan kata etc
    And budokan katas are bit different however it's similar
    I am from budokan karate, please research on katas because

  • @souvikmukherjee1040
    @souvikmukherjee1040 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sensei Jesse ..I'm from India ..I'm a shotokan karate beginner..could you plz help me out with some leg stretch workout to get high and perfectly straight kicks?

  • @piyushbarua6220
    @piyushbarua6220 ปีที่แล้ว

    OSU !! from India , I am a Kyokushin and Ninjutsu practioner, the tools which you are using for your strength building is almost similar to the tools which are used in Indian wrestling and Kalaripyattu ( Southern Indian martial arts). But every martial arts has been came from the Yoga.

  • @youssef-do3pr
    @youssef-do3pr 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    this is good for my body.. thank you Sensei

  • @Breaker197
    @Breaker197 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice video. In addition to muscular strength, I would suggest putting some effort onto developing strong bones also. Drink lots of milk, or if you're vegan for whatever reason, take calcium supplements. On top of that take up the conditioning he mentioned with punching stones. It sounds intimidating, but it doesn't need to be. Look up Wolfe's law. It's a scientific principal explaining that bone tissue becomes stronger as it heals. That doesn't mean you need to go break your arms like the shaolin did. You don't need to punch stone at full force. You can simply lightly jab, creating micro fractures that you don't even feel or notice, and don't in any practical way compromise your strength or the structural integrity of your bones. Rather, as they heal up, your bones continually get stronger. Just gentle, soft punching, almost like you're knocking on someone's door is quite enough, with regular repetition over time, to achieve the desired result. Bricks work too. If you don't happen to have brick walls in your home, a single, solitary brick to be dedicated for conditioning purposes can almost always be had easily, or at least cheaply. Happy training everyone!

  • @francoreco
    @francoreco 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Amazing video!!
    There are also other very famous traditional tools, such as Makiwara and Congo Ken...

  • @TehDanno1
    @TehDanno1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Disappointed I didn't see you use that first tool how they're used in Shorin-Ryu, which is hold it in one hand and twist your wrist/forearm back and forth. That's used to increase you twisting block strength tremendously or any technique where twisting of the wrist/forearm is used.

  • @anasmoura
    @anasmoura 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Jesse, did you know cientific works/researchers about hojo undo? (not only bubishi from McCarthy or the hojo undo book from Clarke)

  • @nn8239
    @nn8239 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    13:18 very looking when girlfrend make pancakes with painted nails)))

  • @saintronin7633
    @saintronin7633 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    For the Chi ishi, Chikara is also a word for "Strength". So it just make sense. It's basically like that of a kettlebell(?) but looks like a mushroom on a stick. LoL

  • @noobli3606
    @noobli3606 ปีที่แล้ว

    ¿alguien debería hacer una doblaje al español? ¿no?
    Someone should do a Spanish dubbing? No?

  • @jannickrybtke3779
    @jannickrybtke3779 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really cool video I love it :D I just got my black belt not so long ago, but i'm thinking of trying some of this out so thank you! :D

  • @scottcameron1476
    @scottcameron1476 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m always looking to try new lifting techniques differently will nigiri game when practice slow kata and stances

  • @ishubhambhatt
    @ishubhambhatt 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's nothing more then ancient Indian phelwani tools🤦🏻‍♂️

  • @TimWillie
    @TimWillie 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What is the approximate weight or dimensions on the first training tool? Really, all of them. I'd like to make some if possible or buy them or something similar.

  • @nikolacurcin5923
    @nikolacurcin5923 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    You can practice with chi ishi and other training tools at your old age, but in mma guys case you will become cripple in your fifties, clean and jerk, hang clean, deadlift vs nigiri game, ishi sashi, kongoken itd, i chose second

  • @kheireddinebel4806
    @kheireddinebel4806 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi what you do is great
    As a master can you help
    And give a programme of preparations physique for the karateka I want to be more powerful and more speedy
    #oss_sensi

  • @33366699912
    @33366699912 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much Jesse . What about the punching block (wooden)?

  • @Lucas-bv1ps
    @Lucas-bv1ps 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Should you overload your bones by hitting a bit harder each time or hitting longer? Btw are pull ups good for karate, because I like those a lot.

  • @milliethemog
    @milliethemog 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ah Jesse Sensei, i usually condition my face aswell to get used to getting hit 😁
    Using light blows obviously, but consistent ones tho!

  • @phillip6207
    @phillip6207 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    LOL I guess the weird workout I did with a sledgehammer was actually chi ishi, great to know I wasnt wasting my time

  • @richardgomez1151
    @richardgomez1151 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You do know modern day strength training has evolved right? 🤣😂

  • @wanr5701
    @wanr5701 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What is the heaviest chi-ishi you have used? Do the weight of chi-ishi can influence our physical somewhere or another?

  • @remopiccioni9456
    @remopiccioni9456 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My uncle used to have something similar except it was a wooden handle attached to a sandbag.

  • @youhavemyrespect7662
    @youhavemyrespect7662 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm from Saudi Arabia, Can you train me? You will get paid.

  • @wushuangel1
    @wushuangel1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Este wey si se la save. You sr. really know your bussines, not all teachers doit ao good. Great job.

  • @varunshah7205
    @varunshah7205 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow! I can make these tools at home! Awesome video jesse-san! :D

  • @violetteoudkerk5714
    @violetteoudkerk5714 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you. Excellent video and explanation.

  • @cristianjuarez8257
    @cristianjuarez8257 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Subtítulos en español 🇦🇷 porfa

  • @smythie27
    @smythie27 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Vid Jesse. Can you point us in the direction of where find the type of different exercises you do with the Chi Ishi.

  • @mohammedb8796
    @mohammedb8796 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Jesse, what's your style of karate? Thank you :)

  • @GeorgiaKenshinKan
    @GeorgiaKenshinKan 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    do you watch your obi? or never. I've heard both sides of the argument

  • @sovietrat1805
    @sovietrat1805 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sensei jessy you know alberto presincula? His student is my sensei

  • @jonasolsen2006
    @jonasolsen2006 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice but Jesse sensie instead of chiishi can you take a clubbel if you dont have one?

  • @teikarate
    @teikarate 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I now have an idea for the left over concrete mix I have, yay!

  • @loving_reaper4252
    @loving_reaper4252 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where would i look to get the sanchin jars?

  • @craigbrothers8281
    @craigbrothers8281 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love your videos Jesse. I wish your dojo was close to me! Lol

  • @skoggee9048
    @skoggee9048 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love the video Jesse I have 2 questions 1 would you ever spar with your mum for a video and 2 would you demonstrate the 1 inch punch

    • @varanid9
      @varanid9 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Actually, it also exists in Karate, too, since Karate comes from China. I haven't seen too many schools that practice it, though. Also, it wasn't invented by Bruce Lee, but existed in several different southern styles long before him.

  • @christusvictor1431
    @christusvictor1431 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where can this equipment be acquired?

  • @marcogrugnettimarkohu
    @marcogrugnettimarkohu ปีที่แล้ว

    nigiri game cames from china and the sanchin dachi is chinese too

  • @socjopatix
    @socjopatix 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    indian clubbells ,gada mace is better than chi ishi

  • @nugget4971
    @nugget4971 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    The chi ishi reminds me of Indian clubs kind of

  • @cruelyt2654
    @cruelyt2654 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are the best

  • @AnandJohnSimon
    @AnandJohnSimon ปีที่แล้ว

    Karate originated from India.

  • @TrymYoutubeMainChannel
    @TrymYoutubeMainChannel 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    i could do that workout with a dumbell in chi ishi i guess :P

  • @marcogrugnettimarkohu
    @marcogrugnettimarkohu ปีที่แล้ว

    makiage kigu is also used in chinese Kung fu

  • @m.jenkins8503
    @m.jenkins8503 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What about makiwara training?

  • @bigpapaboomboom9735
    @bigpapaboomboom9735 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You seem like a happy human. 🙏🏼

  • @jackjohn7606
    @jackjohn7606 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Greeting from Dubai

  • @abhisheksahay4937
    @abhisheksahay4937 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    what are the Name of the Rope? plz 🙏 reply.

  • @JonaszOsmendaRTypeGear
    @JonaszOsmendaRTypeGear 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You got lot of this tools and accesories there :)

  • @angelocolucci1641
    @angelocolucci1641 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Jesse your stile is shotokan?

  • @rashmitamishra5100
    @rashmitamishra5100 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Jesse pls visit INDIA 🇮🇳

  • @BrunoMenconi1
    @BrunoMenconi1 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi Jesse regards from Argentina, very interesting video, black belt here, future sensei, in wich part of a normal class will you recomend to do this type of strengh training? after kihon maybe?

    • @KARATEbyJesse
      @KARATEbyJesse  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      After technical training! 👍