*Thanks for watching!* It's #WorldQuantumDay, so enjoy all the spooky action at a distance: How a quirk of quantum physics tells us the redshift of a galaxy: th-cam.com/video/I5saoxWF0fI/w-d-xo.html How Entanglement Breaks The Universe: th-cam.com/video/hiyKxhETXd8/w-d-xo.html The one thing everyone should know about quantum mechanics: th-cam.com/video/eFWvGW8WjY4/w-d-xo.html
Hmm that explains why I got a notification for both your video and Nick's, Science Asylum, video at the same time. And I thought it was my lucky day. It is.
It's World Quantum Day? It's also Peter Effing Capaldi's birthday, and he played Doctor Who, and the TARDIS is supposed to be extraordinary super-advanced science ... hmm... 🤨🤔 Interesting!
If the MCU's chance of survival was so low and they still succeeded couldn't you suggest that they live inside a universe where they can never die? The idea I'm referencing is called quantum suicide and they may live inside a universe that allows this. Just a thought 💭
"Disney brought us over to Disney Studios, and we sat down there for a couple of hours with some astrophysicists, and myself, and we tried to figure out what the Avenger's campus would look like" - as an astrophysicist and a Marvel fan, I volunteer as tribute!
I humbly request a video that's simply Kyle and Dr. Spiros Michalakis nerding out together about anything and everything science related, for however long that video turns out to be. Their personalities mesh together well and we can learn so much just by listening to them be themselves.
"But that makes less sense sir." "Magical Artifact" "But Sir, that's just Magic again." "Quantum Mechanics" "But, you've said that already sir." "Multiverse" "We've been OVER THIS SIR!"
If Doctor Strange was a Quantum Computer during his use of the Time Stone in Infinity War, then he made the classic human mistake of thinking that there was only one correct answer. Once he found an outcome that he deemed acceptable, he simply stopped looking. Given the amount of potential universes, the number he throws out seems pretty small, doesn't it? So I submit to you, that not only are there more universes where Thanos loses and the Avengers win, but that the conditions of victory could also be different. There could be a universe where Clint dies instead of Natasha, for example. Or one where Tony lives. Maybe everyone lives. Etcetera et infinitum. Likewise for what are considered losses.
When you think about it, though, looking at events in a timeline isn't like a random selection of numbers. The events are dependent on each other, thus, to get a particular outcome, it could be possible that there is only one chain of events that leads to it. It seems unlikely, though, when thinking of something so broadly as "we win" vs "we lose". However, this doesn't mean Dr Strange simply stopped looking after he found a desirable outcome, but that he was trying to make it clear that the odds of them winning was roughly the same as winning a jackpot in a 6 number lottery. He saw over 14 million possibilities before he was interrupted by Tony and had only seen 1 (relatively) good one in all of them, which just goes to say how unlikely their victory was.
i actually thought of how they actually lost in millions of multiverses. but the loki series kinda solved it by having a "sacred timeline" thats being protected. since the tva only see the sacred timeline as "canon", the avengers technically won at endgame
@@iguessyeah8687 Loki ends with the sacred timeline being destroyed after killing Kang. Meaning all multiverses are now possible again in the MCU (all the alternate spidermans and their villains from no way home for example) meaning the alternate timelines where the avengers lose in endgame are happening again.
@@NitroDragon they still technically won at the end game. they lost after kang was killed but they still won at the end game because that happened before that
haha i like how kyle is like "winning in one alternate reality doesn't really make much of a difference in the grand scheme of things" and that's why Kang decided he'd win in all of them
My first reaction to quantum physics in my physics class was: "ok, so magic is real." and my point of view did not change, it is amazing - and beyond my grasp
@@Gantali9305 I imagine Peter wouldn't want to harm Strange either, especially since his focus was on getting away rather than defeating or capturing Strange
Since the example provided for Dr. Strange was a tool (the Eye of Agamotto in this case), I wonder if the case isn't that Dr. Strange is a "quantum supercomputer", but rather accessing one as a sorcerer who can write and create in the coding languages that makes up "magic" in the MCU, and makes use of such languages to manipulate an artifact that allows him to perceive all of those timelines or universal outcomes. Either way, that was an interesting interview, and I'd be curious on Spiros's takes on many other scientific aspects of the MCU.
Yep, that's what I was thinking. In my mind, it makes more sense to say he was using the time stone as a quantum supercomputer, not that he was one himself
@@nighteule I was thinking the same thing. As I was watching this I was thinking "How is he a friggin' supercomputer let alone a quantum one?" it just didn't make sense.
One of my favorite MCU physics moments is in the Thor Dark World sequel, when she is in Asgard, and the women mystic/medics treat her with the soul forge. Jane: that's a quantum field generator, isn't it? Asgard Chica: it's a soul forge. J: Does a soul forge transfer molecular energy from one place to another? AC: ...Yes. J: Quantum field generator. Primitive human just scoring points all over the place.
so basically he got a relic that turned out to be a quantum smartphone that remote accessed into a quantum SUPERcomputer and with learning the quantum coding language was able to update the fabric of realities's software however he saw fit
As someone who studied the philosophy of physics, I REALLY appreciated that quantum mechanics based time travel in End Game was actually pretty accurate to some of the ideas that have been out there. I mean it wouldn't work, of course. Time travel is impossible. But the idea of entanglement with Pim Particles and traveling into Everett stype multiple worlds and then quantum teleportation to return... that was beautiful. My one criticism was Tony Stark's technobable. That was basically garbage. It could have been filled with references to some of these ideas, like riding a DeBroglie wave and such. Nobody but me would have enjoyed that, but I would have REALLY enjoyed it.
I mean it is possible just travel to a alternate past less troublesome than figuring out the coordinates of the universe solor system galaxy and or the distance and altitude to actually time travel. Not to mention you will get cancer from radiation depending on how far back you travel like to the Jurassic era
I would like to think of the travel back, changing something to split the time line and then traveling back to your original branch. Being able to exchange things that have been lost to time without destroying your branches time line. Also in its most basic sense I would think that a Alcubeaire Drive would be hypothetical possible given exotic matter that has already been theorized
@@joshuamcdowell1460 Yes, there are caveats I left out. Changing the speed through which you move through time relative to other frames of reference is also possible.
What about that whole thing about wormholes possibly allowing travel into the past and other allegedly mathematically sound theoretical models? I've always thought that it's not time travel that's impossible but breaking cause and effect that's impossible.
You know, there is a reason people watch (science) fictional movies. It is to escape from the harsh aspects of the real world…. am I right? This is why people go for entertainment. It is the poison of politics being put on entertainment that depletes the purpose of entertainment.
No matter how you try to swing it, shrinking is a disaster. Either the space between fundamental particles becomes so small you collapse into a black whole, or you are actively shedding particles from your body (I.E. unaliving). Neither lets you get subatomic, let alone live. Shrinking is pure suspension of disbelief.
@@tiamagus6641 in order to collapse into a black hole, you would have to shrink to 1 billionth the size of an electron, which isn't possible using the space shrinking method. The real problem is you would sink into/though most surfaces like an unbreaking needle driven with your full body weight. Which, again the in universe explanation tries to pretend this is the point/advantage of the shrinking, then has an ant fly while carrying 70kg...
@@tiamagus6641 Well technically if you could shrink the space between quarks in your protons and neutrons that would lower the mass in your body allowing you to get smaller without becoming a black hole. Though you'd still have to carry your own oxygen, and it's unlikely the chemistry in your body would work the same if you changed the protons and neutrons that way.
I'm not a dumb guy, but at a certain point this stuff always makes me feel like my brain can just not grasp the mechanics of what is being discussed. I can understand the metaphors, but the second they are pointed out as such I'm always left with this sense of displacement where I'm on one side of the conversation, and the point is on the other. Like I get it, but I also am incredibly aware of how much I do not get it.
Same, but I think that’s like he explained in the video! “The answer is maybe or maybe not!” So I like to think we understand it better than we think we do 🙂
You see... you could have a 1 or a 0 but instead of the 1, you could 1 and/or 0, and instead of the 0, you could have 1 and/or 0! I've stumbled across a number of videos explaining this to me over the years... I still don't feel like I fully understand, and there's probably no saving me.
Hi Kyle, Ive been a follower of yours for almost 6 years and I wanted to say thank you. You have helped shape my critical thinking, perspective and creativity ten fold. It can be easy to overlook the power of inspiration, but you certainly have natural ability to do so. I appreciate your advocacy for neuro-diversity, as I have had similar short comings with the way my mind works. I now want to go and inspire people, as you do for me. Thank you!
All those universes where things went wrong? Now you get the point of _What If ...?_ All the best stories in _What If ...?_ were about how things could have gone wrong at major moments in the Marvel timeline. One of my favorites was _What if the Marvel Superheroes lost Atlantis Attacks?_ That whole ending battle with Thor, Phoenix (Rachael Summers) and Dr. Doom against Set was just _awesome._
I liked the ones where everything seemed better in the universe but because someone wasn't where they were supposed to be the universe ends. Like Peter Quill not being abducted as a child leading to Ego winning after finding him.
@@NitroDragon Yeah, that one was pretty enjoyable too. But I'm _really_ glad it ended the way it did, because I was pretty annoyed with the way the episode had been going up until that point, and I would have just _hated_ it otherwise. So, T'Challa was just _such a better person_ than Peter Quill in _every way_ that he made everything better just by his presence? And he _somehow_ even managed to not just talk _Thanos_ (who isn't called the _Mad Titan_ for nothing!)_ out of his centuries-long plan to wipe out all life in the universe, but actually managed to _recruit him?_ I mean, _c'mon!_ It was making me roll my eyes so far it hurt my head. But in the end, where it was all revealed to have just been a set-up for a truly _catastrophic_ failure of person/place/time, it totally made up for all the over-the-top T'Challa fanfic writing. But for me, the best _What If... ?s_ will always be those disaster issues from the '80s/early '90s where they showed how just one or two mistakes could have lead to total catastrophe and turned the entire Marvel Universe into a gigantic bloodbath. It was always great fun to see just how _horribly wrong_ everything could have gone, and all the ways beloved characters were killed. But I also really loved _What If... Spider-Man Had Kept His Cosmic Powers?_ where Peter retained the powers and position of Captain Universe even after he defeated Loki's Tri-Sentinel (from the _Acts of Vengeance_ crossover event) just because Peter's _"With Great Power, There Must Also Come Great Responsibility"_ ideals meshed so perfectly with the Uni-Power's purpose. That one was so cool not because everyone ended up dead, but because of the interesting consequences of Spider-Man trying to do _too much_ with his new expanded powers, and the toll it took on him and his family. And as an added bonus, just a few years ago the Captain Universe Spider-Man was even revisited as an alternate universe version of Spidey in the Spider-verse storyline in the comics. It was pretty great to see that storyline brought up again!
"What if..." is also a pillar in sci-fi. If some understanding or concept was "made" at a different point in time/place, it would create ripples on all future events. Like SteamPunk. Another well known case of this(in gaming), is the Red Alert franchise, where they remove 1 historical important person and everything changes. What if the concept and understanding of quantum physics(through coincidence) already happened 2000 years ago, and some people rapidly expanded on this knowledge, leading to a society much different than ours, to a degree that we cant even imagine. Such a world could possibly exist along our own, "cloaked" in the vast chasm that is the different understanding of what "reality" and "possibility" is. Or said more plainly, 2-dimensional beings trying to understand the 3 dimensions.
Exiles was a fantastic book that was basically a single superhero team bouncing from alternate reality to alternate reality. You never knew it was going to happen next.
If there is a multiverse, wouldn't it be neat if all your "oh shit I could have died there" moments did result in dying in other universes and that the one where you're alive you've just so happened to be in the universe where you defied the odds of dying. In a multiverse, there are definitely already a bunch of dead me, many of which were caused by other people being stupid on highways
It really is like the quote (by I think Arthur C Clarke) that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. It’s cool that movies are taking that into account and blurring the two together.
That was a great video I loved it. You and Spiros really for me distilled it down to its essence of what the Quantum realm and the multiverse is. I love your videos I can understand a lot of what you are trying to get across and parting it into layman's terms, plus you infuse a good dose of comedy to make it enjoyable to watch. Keep up the great work and put out more content and I will keep watching them.
So after this video, I definitely got a new perspective on those last moment of End Game when Strange searched for the many possible ways the Avengers can win - Here I thought it was only Strange shifting himself through different dimensions for an answer as the Avengers stood by seeing him do his thing. But what if it was Strange’s surroundings shifting around him. It seems like he was able to influence probability itself and bringing forth the dimension where the Avengers win while leaving his initial origin dimension behind. In other words, Strange disappears from one dimension and appears in another.
@@erinfinn2273 Exactly. So did he actually helped “save” the universe? Or just abandoned the one that didn’t stand a chance? Another question, if every universe has a Doctor Strange, or at least a version of Strange, and events unfold the same but slightly different from the last - when it came to those last moments of End Game where Strange looked for a solution, wouldn’t this also be happening at the same time in other universes? Hasn’t Strange attempted the same thing in all universes? If so, what made “our” Strange the lucky one to find the one outcome when others could of done the same? Unless there are more probable universes out there where the Avengers won. Thoughts? Mr. Hill, feel free to share your thoughts.
@@johncliffalvarez6513 If he manually collapsed superpositions in order to achieve the outcome he desired... Then technically he abandoned the other universes, yes. As for the other versions of him, well, he wasn't lucky. He was in a time loop, like in his own movie. He brute forced the solution, like a combination lock solver.
@@bable6314 Or perhaps the “winning” Strange basically locked out all other versions of himself from arriving to the universe where the Avengers win and leave them to die within their respective time loops. I feel this could of been a better premise for the multiverse of madness movie in my opinion; the fall out of what he had to do in order to save his reality.
I would like to see the numbers for how massive a quantum computer would have to be to match the numbers for a classic jupiter brain like Kyle described in a previous video. Given they are much more dense in their computational power than supercomputers I would like to think it's something that could still fit on the surface of a planet. If that's the case then I feel like it makes the chances of us already being in a simulation much greater than it already would be. TBH I'm not mad at that thought at all.
Excellent interview, Kyle! Your ability to bridge the social and technical gaps between expert scientists and laymen really shows off your competence as a science communicator. I know it's not your go-to approach for videos, but I hope we see more interviews like this from you in the future!
Excuse any inaccuracies in the assumptions that I might be making, but I have a question to ask: How much do the quantum effects actually effect reality on a macro scale? Like, if a particle has an overwhelmingly big probability to behave in a particular way and an overwhelmingling small probability to behave in any other way, is that enough to disregard the effectiveness of a Laplace demon at mapping the universe through time? I know that empirical experimentations aren't enough to dismiss the lesser probabilities, but in a pragmatic and practicle sense, in everyday life, not in a lab, shouldn't it be enough? There might be a probability that a plane could crash, or that I might feel an urge to cross the road before the light turns green, due to particle's "misbehavior", but we don't live in fear because of it. Even if a couple of particles start acting crazy once in a while, wouldn't their effects start diminishing as the domino effect perpetuates from the quantum up to the macro level?
One of the ways I have tried to understand the possibility of inspiration, or a person acting counter to their normal selves is through quantum effects. If we assume people are essentially deterministic, that there is nothing special, or spiritual, or paranormal about our existence, then all we have us a very complex computer in our heads. But if it is a computer, acting out programs that derive from our DNA and our experience, then how does it sometimes do something new? I think it is through quantum effects. We gave neurons that fire, meaning electrons travel down them, just like in a computer or any electronic device, but as Spiros said, these electrons are not billiard balls following a classical path, they are each clouds of probability. So while in nearly all cases, they follow down a neuron as normal, there is always a possibility that one or more will tunnel to a different neuron, one that would not have normally been triggered by whatever stimulus is present. But this time it us, and that unusual pattern of neurons firing can allow people to connect two things or see the world slightly differently, which is a pretty good description of inspiration. It can also cause people to behave in a way that may seem out of character, in good or bad ways. So, while the macro world, generally, is not much affected by quantum effects, the places where the macro and the micro intersect, like in your brain, or in a black hole, the effects can be tremendous.
@@QBCPerdition That's definitely an idea that I have pondered myself. However, I try to refrain from forming any quantum hypotheses on it because of the extreme level of complexity of the human brain. One could theorize that ,at that level of clomplexity, even the classical "billiard balls" approach could result in radically different outcomes depending on the initial starting variables (genetics + environment), so for me, at least at this level of understanding, it could be almost equally either or. I think a simpler model to study this idea through would be something like a double pendulum system, having a very basic level of complexity. It would be ideal to study it in the virutal world to reduce external influnecers. Not that a computer's calculation can't be influenced by its surrounding, but it remains a very minimal influence compared to a physical pendulum in the real world
@@ottoboettger9627 I just watched a video on it from The Science Asylum. It's a pretty interesting phenomenon, thanks for sharing it! I guess the sun is brute forcing quantum tunneling into occuring on a regular enough basis through the sheer number of particles it has in order to sustain fusion. I don't know how to categorize this though in the grand scheme of things. I mean, if a system is creating such an immense amount of "contained" chaos to the point of eventually producing the desired effect (I know I'm personifying the sun here, but just role with it for the sake of the argument) in such a way that it becomes almost certain and ordered, the "spookiness" or the "misbehavior" of particles, statistically speaking, becomes in a way predicatble and expected in a larger scale. As if the probabilities have been inversed. Like I obviously can't predict that particle X will or won't fuse at a given moment, but I can predict that the sun won't be extinguished tomorrow, you know what I mean?
@@faresmhaya Throughout history, human understanding of "the world" and the "forces which act upon it" has changed and shifted dramatically. Science subjects that were theoretical 100 years ago are now common knowledge for most people after they graduate high school. Our "horizon" of new knowledge is ever expanding, and when we think we have reached the edge of what is possible to comprehend, the edge disappear and a new horizon emerge. Currently, that horizon is quantum physics. It is impossible to know what is behind it. But most likely, it just keep going. If Quantum is a "framework" or "set of certain rules", they will invariably have an impact on the macro side of things. However finding or defining them might be difficult or even impossible. As a concept, it is the chaotic/random nature of things that, given enough instances, have formed "everything" to what it currently is, to us.
When I was little I wanted to believe that Aladins genie was future tech sent to the past. And the genie was made of nano bots that has some type of quantum manipulation powers. I also thought that the mirror from Snow white was a smart mirror. The carpet from Aladin was some type of flying platform made with sience. The cave from Aladin was voice access technology. Ghost sightings were beings bleed trough from other dimensions or parallel universes. Etc A lot of these stories can be explained trough modern technology.
Good, yes... Now apply this frame of mind to, for example, the Bible. A sufficiently advanced spacefaring civilization could, quite realistically, account for every single phenomenon described therein.
I've always felt it would be much more sensible for UFOs/Aleins to be travelers from Earth in another dimension/reality, instead of travelers from outer space. A small single pilot craft that jumps between dimensions makes more sense to me than someone traveling thousands of light years by themselves. Plus it would better explain why aliens are often depicted as huminoid in shape & size. Just my own preferred sci-fi headcannon.
Man, you're giving me a good idea. I need to incorporate a smart mirror who give make-up tips and knows about the latest fashion trends into my sci-fi story.
I would love to see Kyle's take on the higher dimensions of the DC multiverse and Grant Morrisons use of string theroy. Imaginary Axis did an amazing 2 part video series on Darkseid and how the God sphere works.
When I clicked on this video, I admittedly did not expect it to entail a conversation on the quantum reality of possibility in the universe I'm not complaining, just surprised
So you're saying that a supercomputer never gets an input wrong? Or crash? You also have to tell a computer what computations to look at, use or examine. Strange was suffering from blindness in that scene, whereas he did not even consider that Peter would use that methodology to beat him. He wasn't considering those outcomes.
Doctor strange is also still a human. When they say he is a quantum supercomputer they don't mean it in the literal sense. They are just meaning to say that he is utilizing quantum effects via his mind in order to manipulate the world around him
That professor is really interesting to listen to! Ive recently thought about dimensions and how we would even detect one if it doesnt interact with our senses. Like, we know what light and sound are because we have specialized organs that detect them, but what if there was another interaction that was everywhere, but we didnt know about it because our body isnt equipped to detect it? Also takes you down the rabbit hole of dark matter and whatnot. Fascinating stuff!
This has been one of my favorite episodes, I could have listened to you both talk about quantum mechanics for hours. This subject is part of what I find the most fascinating as a thought experiment in regards to Reverse Flash , his method of time travel and the manipulation to end up at the outcome he finds desirable (effectively changing variables and shifting between the multiverse to find the one he wants). Stay nerdy!
@@shanewhite1977 better example is a smartphone. Show that to someone from even 1000-2000 years ago and they'll burn you at a stake for practicing dark magic.
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." (Arthur C. Clarke) I think this sums up characters like Doctor Strange and Thor effectively in the MCU.
@@F_L_U_X Their abilities. The whole point of the video is establishing that what Doctor Strange uses is not, in fact, magic. Likely it's more advanced science or technology. Thor gave the same explanation in his first film.
Thank you, Kyle. Thank you so much for giving us, for giving me, the opportunity to hang with such great people. Like, I don't care I wasn't in the room, I felt like I belong in that conversation, I understood it, and that's something I ain't really able to do too much. It was awesome seeing real scientists who have genuine interest in the MCU and are able to explain things in a way no one else could. Your channel is awesome, no matter the content, cuz all of your videos are brilliant and great, but this one really made me love it, and you, even more, which I didn't knew was possible. Thank you very, very much, Science Thor. You are the best. I hope things are getting even better than they are now, you legend with a legendary hair. Love ya. One love ❤️
This kinda feels like one of those explanations that obfuscates more than it helps.... Like how saying that the double slit experiment is impacted by observing which slit the photon went through is often interpreted as justification for whatever magical mind over matter beliefs somebody want to be true. So I think any Dr. Strange is quantum whatever is more likely to just validate whatever magic nonsense people want to believe rather than help them understand quantum mechanics....
Thanks for commenting this so I don't have to. "Observing" means poking it with a particle which changes where it is, not the presence of an eye near the system.
@@howarddewing6617 Yeah... I really hate that scientists chose the word "observation" to mean "any particle interaction", because it really confuses laypeople and encourages the sort of "mental quantum magic" misunderstandings.
big comment. warrants further elaboration. also alludes to the fact that quantum mechanics is starting to/will start to push up against the sides of the container known as "language"
Its one of those times that little Greece makes me proud, that we have such intelligent people studying quantum mechanics abroad! Ένα μεγάλο μπράβο στον Σπύρο για την δουλειά του !
This has been a very fun video to watch and listen to. It reminds me of a wonderful quote that I love. “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”. Even if you are an anatomically correct carbon based humanoid shaped biologic super quantum mechanic computer.
I find it strange he didn't mention the fact there are potentially INFINITE universes, therefore the Avengers win against Thanos in an equal amount. It just took the good Doctor that many attempts to make his universe into one where they win too. It's the exact same thing he did against Dormamu. Which just goes to show that Thanos is the ultimate Fromsoft boss, while Strange is the ultimate player.
There doesn't have to be anywhere near an equal amount. The amount of numbers between 0 and 1 are infinite and the amount of numbers between 1 and 5 are infinite, but there are still four times as many numbers between 1 and 5 as there are between 0 and 1. All infinities are not equal.
@@SgtSupaman the infinities between 0 and 1 and 1 and 5 are the same size, but you do have a point, there could be a countably infinite number of scenarios where they win and an uncountably infinite number where they lose.
@@sephirothjc , they really aren't the same size. For any number you pick between 0 and 1, you can count it alongside four numbers between 1 and 5. This is true for any and every number you pick. For instance, 0.123456789 for the first infinite quantity can be counted beside 1.1234556789, 2.123456789, 3.123456789, and 4.123456789 for the second infinite quantity, proving that (while both are infinite) the second quantity is larger than the first.
A more accurate thing to say would be that the time stone is a quantum supercomputer, not Dr Strange; Dr Strange is just channeling its power through himself. Actually, perhaps the interface between the stone and Strange is the supercomputer
To be more accurate, Strange was using the Eye of Agamotto (Time Stone) so it's more like Strange was using a quantum computer with his Magic serving as the code to interface with the quantum computer rather than the idea that he was the quantum supercomputer itself. Do you get what I mean?
Can I have a long form version of this talk??? So incredibly fascinating!! I feel like it’s rarely that a highly educated scientist absolutely says that “X is fact” but he didn’t hesitate to say the multiverse is real and I’m incredibly curious to see more
17:00 "They all lost." You both discuss how people are really good at filtering out probabilities that aren't useful to us, and our survival. The Marvel movies that we, the audience, are watching are the chosen reality we have filtered through and decided on to watch. Why? Because that feel good feeling at the end when the good guys come out on top leaves us with happy chemicals in our brain. We have a different perspective of reality than Dr. Strange, and the other characters, in the movie. In his yoga pose he filtered through millions of possible outcomes to find one where the team won. They won, because something outside their universe (us) wanted them to win. The relationship is less about the interactions between the universes in the multiverse and more about the relationship between the "characters" in the multiverse and those observing the multiverse (the audience).
So weird question... is quantum computing top down causation? If it lets us choose a state of a superposition, doesn't that mean we as a macro-process are choosing the outcome of a micro process? Also, if quantum computing is choosing among the options of Yes, no, Maybe, and Maybe-not, it reminds me of the logic problems of Nagarjuna's Tetralemma.
A fun story for anyone to read if they find quantum physics interesting is "The Dreams in the Witch House" by H. P. Lovecraft. Come to think of it, Marvel stole a lot of stuff from Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos for the original Dr. Strange comics, so a lot of Marvel fans might like that story.
H.P Lovecraft died in 1937. Quantum Physics were first discovered in the year 1920. I doubt his stories actually have all that much to do with Quantum Physics.
@@rollerskdude The concept of higher spatial dimensions has been around for some time now. To quote PhysicsWorld, "In 1921 [Theodor] Kaluza published an article in which he extended Einstein’s theory of general relativity (which is still the best known description for gravitation) from four to five dimensions." "The Dreams in the Witch House" was first published in the July 1933 issue of Weird Tales magazine, and pushes this idea (which is a core part of the Cthulhu Mythos) that if only we could shift our perspective to higher dimensions, we could then interact with them, travel in them, and meet their denizens or those of other universes (this was a horror story, after all). I should also point out that both H.P. Lovecraft and his friend Robert E. Howard (who died in June, 1936) included mention of nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons in their Cthulhu Mythos stories. The first one of these that comes to mind is called "The Mound," which was written in January 1930, but sadly wasn't published until after Lovecraft's death. All this to say that science fiction/science fantasy authors must have read books or something ;)
@@beowulfshaeffer8444 Lovecraft also misunderstood stuff like the electromagnetic spectrum so I'd be pressed to think that him getting science stuff right is accidental.
@@madladdie7069 It saddens me when the great science fiction authors are misunderstood simply because they didn't know the sciency buzz-words invented decades after their deaths. By the way, have you read "The Color out of Space?" I think Lovecraft did an excellent job generating ideas as to how the human eye and brain could both be confused by encounters with extra-dimensional beings.
@@beowulfshaeffer8444 You make a decent point but a book or 2 of something is completely different to a Multi-year university course. That one really would have needed back then be substantially accurate to the real world concepts. An author like Isac Asimov's and his countless stories had ought to give better coverage though
Fun quote about magic: "The providences of God are all a miracle to the human family until they understand them. *There are no miracles,* only to those who are ignorant. A miracle is supposed to be a result without a cause, but there is no such thing. There is a cause for every result we see; and if we see a result without understanding the cause we call it a miracle." -Brigham Young (DBY, 339) (emphasis added)
Interesting interview. Thanks for lining it up! Incidentally, the first time (that I'm aware of) that "magic" was described to be manipulations of quantum mechanics and superposition was in the Death Gate Cycle by Tracy Hickman and Margaret Weis (of Dragonlance fame). In the appendix of either the first or second volume they describe a "Wave of Possibility" (or maybe it was probability) and how the "God-like" magic of the two most powerful races utilize alterations to this wave to produce the desired effect. They also define limits to it by baking-in the concept of Chaos and entropy. Pretty interesting brake down on how magic works in a traditional fantasy setting.
When you met "Spiros Michalakis" for the first time, was his first reaction like: "Oh hey *Chris Hemsworth!* You look a lot younger today! What is your secret?"
Lol I pegged the "orbiting" about 5 seconds before you did I was like "yeah we know what you mean" then you said something about it and I am here wanting the tangent haha (could listen to physics talk all day 💜) Lol wasn't even looking at the screen either I just heard it in his voice on the second orbiting XD Love this vid even though I am not a huge Marvel fan.
@@kenrickhk I think that was the reason. Kyle wanted to do important topics like nuclear Armageddon but nerdist just wanted superhero science. I was just happy that he was doing superheroes again
I feel like this doctor's take on quantum physics is explained quite in a distinct way, most mystical than not, which I'm not able to judge still, but I feel like this has the potential to change my current understanding (honestly not much) on it if I ever come to agree with him.
The problem with the Pym particles is the weight/mass problem. If it only shrinks the space between particles, it would still have the same mass, but the fully functioning tank from the first movie can be carried like a toy? And a full building can be carried on a keychain, but Scott keeps his mass. It's confusing and inconsistent.
12:08 This is how Vision "phases" through matter. Like Ghost, but he has total control over it and can influence when and where he wants to start and end his super position.
Holy Quantumleap! I love it so much to listen to people who know stuff and are able to share it in a way that opens up my mind to new ideas and points of view. That's the main reason i like your content in the first place. This is easily one of my favourite vids. Thanks Kyle!
Lines up nicely with the "think of it as the universes source code" and the fact it is entirely dependent on will with the hands and such being basically tactile placebos when they show the guy with no hands do the the same stuff.
Soon as you mentioned the many universes where things don't work out, I had flashbacks to my existential crisis I suffered after learning about quantum immortality.
I really appreciate the way quantum computing is explained here. Thank you for letting my "2D" brain look into the window of "quantent" sir. Always a pleasure to watch.
I was watching an anime the other day and a person was basically turned into a quantum computer to overcome a crippling ailment, and as a consequence they became omniscient because they could access all information on the internet and then process the probability near instantaneously in their head. They didn't understand the process, but they were able to use the omniscience in real time to make seeming miracles happen.
Perhaps quantum physics can be the basis for free will in the sense that our collective everyday decisions resolve these infinite, superpositioned realities into one which we can perceive and it behooves us to make the best possible world for everyone here and now.
12:45 honestly this sounds like the explaination from various old animated projects for Dr. Strange's "mystic arts". That he has some ability tied to "perception", or manipulating "perception", of what is "real".
So, 0-0,1-1,0-1 equates to the infinite possibilities of the universe. I personally find that awe-inspiring and simply rather hopeful. This video was such a joy to watch.
When he described how a quantum computer operates by throwing out universes just brought the purpose of the Time Variance Authority in Loki. What is Kang up to?
*Thanks for watching!* It's #WorldQuantumDay, so enjoy all the spooky action at a distance:
How a quirk of quantum physics tells us the redshift of a galaxy: th-cam.com/video/I5saoxWF0fI/w-d-xo.html
How Entanglement Breaks The Universe: th-cam.com/video/hiyKxhETXd8/w-d-xo.html
The one thing everyone should know about quantum mechanics: th-cam.com/video/eFWvGW8WjY4/w-d-xo.html
Hmm that explains why I got a notification for both your video and Nick's, Science Asylum, video at the same time. And I thought it was my lucky day. It is.
It's World Quantum Day? It's also Peter Effing Capaldi's birthday, and he played Doctor Who, and the TARDIS is supposed to be extraordinary super-advanced science ... hmm... 🤨🤔 Interesting!
If the MCU's chance of survival was so low and they still succeeded couldn't you suggest that they live inside a universe where they can never die? The idea I'm referencing is called quantum suicide and they may live inside a universe that allows this. Just a thought 💭
Yo, this is dope, this is more dope than anything I have heard period.
As we all know, any highly advanced technology can appear to be as if it were, in fact, magic.
"Disney brought us over to Disney Studios, and we sat down there for a couple of hours with some astrophysicists, and myself, and we tried to figure out what the Avenger's campus would look like" - as an astrophysicist and a Marvel fan, I volunteer as tribute!
Hey, Dr. Becky! Very cool to see you here! 🖖🏼🙂
Maybe the next Thor film could be more interested in your expertise....
It’s like that episode of south park when Mickey is like wtf is a south park do I own that yet.
I need to see more black hole shenanigans in the MCU so I hope this comes true!
Ya we just need a black hole. Maybe have them try to time travel to the future by orbiting a black hole at the speed of light for some odd reason.
I humbly request a video that's simply Kyle and Dr. Spiros Michalakis nerding out together about anything and everything science related, for however long that video turns out to be. Their personalities mesh together well and we can learn so much just by listening to them be themselves.
Having him in a livestream to just read chat questions and nerd out for 2-3 hours would be amazing.
They must do *a podcast!*
Can we have Neil deGrasse Tyson moderating?
As a live stream!
@@Paveway-chan YES
Marvel when there’s no explanation:
“quantum mechanics”
“But sir , that doesn’t make sense”
“FINE , multiverse”
“ *genius* “
Darn straight!
"But that makes less sense sir."
"Magical Artifact"
"But Sir, that's just Magic again."
"Quantum Mechanics"
"But, you've said that already sir."
"Multiverse"
"We've been OVER THIS SIR!"
Quantum multiverse!
@@Nickle_King Quantum Magic
“NANOTECHNOLOGY”
"Do you guys just put quantum in front of everything?" - Scott Lang (Antman)
If Doctor Strange was a Quantum Computer during his use of the Time Stone in Infinity War, then he made the classic human mistake of thinking that there was only one correct answer. Once he found an outcome that he deemed acceptable, he simply stopped looking. Given the amount of potential universes, the number he throws out seems pretty small, doesn't it?
So I submit to you, that not only are there more universes where Thanos loses and the Avengers win, but that the conditions of victory could also be different. There could be a universe where Clint dies instead of Natasha, for example. Or one where Tony lives. Maybe everyone lives. Etcetera et infinitum. Likewise for what are considered losses.
I guess their are an infinite number of timelines were they win but their is a millions of times more Infinite amount of timelines they lose in.
@@aronderksen7055 Yep, some infinities are larger than others afterall
When you think about it, though, looking at events in a timeline isn't like a random selection of numbers. The events are dependent on each other, thus, to get a particular outcome, it could be possible that there is only one chain of events that leads to it. It seems unlikely, though, when thinking of something so broadly as "we win" vs "we lose".
However, this doesn't mean Dr Strange simply stopped looking after he found a desirable outcome, but that he was trying to make it clear that the odds of them winning was roughly the same as winning a jackpot in a 6 number lottery. He saw over 14 million possibilities before he was interrupted by Tony and had only seen 1 (relatively) good one in all of them, which just goes to say how unlikely their victory was.
There was only one solution because of the way the timelines were being manipulated by Kang.q
Makes sense BUT in universe the TVA must have had influence on this reducing the amount of different paths wouldn't it?
i actually thought of how they actually lost in millions of multiverses. but the loki series kinda solved it by having a "sacred timeline" thats being protected. since the tva only see the sacred timeline as "canon", the avengers technically won at endgame
Did you forget how Loki ends?
@@NitroDragon loki ends after end game so they technically won at endgame
@@iguessyeah8687 Loki ends with the sacred timeline being destroyed after killing Kang. Meaning all multiverses are now possible again in the MCU (all the alternate spidermans and their villains from no way home for example) meaning the alternate timelines where the avengers lose in endgame are happening again.
@@NitroDragon they still technically won at the end game. they lost after kang was killed but they still won at the end game because that happened before that
@@iguessyeah8687 There is no "before", all time is happening concurrently from the TVA's perspective.
haha i like how kyle is like "winning in one alternate reality doesn't really make much of a difference in the grand scheme of things"
and that's why Kang decided he'd win in all of them
hold on a second
could that be why Stranger said they win in exactly one?
My first reaction to quantum physics in my physics class was: "ok, so magic is real." and my point of view did not change, it is amazing - and beyond my grasp
That's beautiful ❤️
Still cant get over the fact that Dr. Strange got his ass kicked by Math. I guess it really is important
Let your guard down or underestimate your opponent for just a moment and it can catch the best of them in an awkward situation.
@@Real28 To be fair Strange also wasn't trying to harm Peter.
e=mc2 So it ain't surprise magic=math.
@@Gantali9305 I imagine Peter wouldn't want to harm Strange either, especially since his focus was on getting away rather than defeating or capturing Strange
mathgic
Since the example provided for Dr. Strange was a tool (the Eye of Agamotto in this case), I wonder if the case isn't that Dr. Strange is a "quantum supercomputer", but rather accessing one as a sorcerer who can write and create in the coding languages that makes up "magic" in the MCU, and makes use of such languages to manipulate an artifact that allows him to perceive all of those timelines or universal outcomes.
Either way, that was an interesting interview, and I'd be curious on Spiros's takes on many other scientific aspects of the MCU.
Yep, that's what I was thinking. In my mind, it makes more sense to say he was using the time stone as a quantum supercomputer, not that he was one himself
@@nighteule I was thinking the same thing. As I was watching this I was thinking "How is he a friggin' supercomputer let alone a quantum one?" it just didn't make sense.
One of my favorite MCU physics moments is in the Thor Dark World sequel, when she is in Asgard, and the women mystic/medics treat her with the soul forge.
Jane: that's a quantum field generator, isn't it?
Asgard Chica: it's a soul forge.
J: Does a soul forge transfer molecular energy from one place to another?
AC: ...Yes.
J: Quantum field generator.
Primitive human just scoring points all over the place.
@@knuckle12356 Everything is a form of science. It's only whether or not we recognize what that science is yet in human terms. Good catch.
so basically he got a relic that turned out to be a quantum smartphone that remote accessed into a quantum SUPERcomputer and with learning the quantum coding language was able to update the fabric of realities's software however he saw fit
As someone who studied the philosophy of physics, I REALLY appreciated that quantum mechanics based time travel in End Game was actually pretty accurate to some of the ideas that have been out there. I mean it wouldn't work, of course. Time travel is impossible. But the idea of entanglement with Pim Particles and traveling into Everett stype multiple worlds and then quantum teleportation to return... that was beautiful.
My one criticism was Tony Stark's technobable. That was basically garbage. It could have been filled with references to some of these ideas, like riding a DeBroglie wave and such. Nobody but me would have enjoyed that, but I would have REALLY enjoyed it.
I mean it is possible just travel to a alternate past less troublesome than figuring out the coordinates of the universe solor system galaxy and or the distance and altitude to actually time travel. Not to mention you will get cancer from radiation depending on how far back you travel like to the Jurassic era
I would like to think of the travel back, changing something to split the time line and then traveling back to your original branch. Being able to exchange things that have been lost to time without destroying your branches time line. Also in its most basic sense I would think that a Alcubeaire Drive would be hypothetical possible given exotic matter that has already been theorized
"Time travel is impossible." He says while moving forward through time.
🤷♂️
@@joshuamcdowell1460 Yes, there are caveats I left out. Changing the speed through which you move through time relative to other frames of reference is also possible.
What about that whole thing about wormholes possibly allowing travel into the past and other allegedly mathematically sound theoretical models?
I've always thought that it's not time travel that's impossible but breaking cause and effect that's impossible.
Watching Ant-Man is literally why I got into Physics. As a 3rd year undergrad studying physics, this is literally the job I have always wanted.
I appreciate when movies and shows actually put in some effort. I don't expect full realism, but making things plausible helps make it more immersive.
You know, there is a reason people watch (science) fictional movies. It is to escape from the harsh aspects of the real world…. am I right?
This is why people go for entertainment. It is the poison of politics being put on entertainment that depletes the purpose of entertainment.
@@SlickRick4EVER Get the hell out of here with your Ben Shapiro BS boy.
13:59 this reminds me of that meme. "The chances of a cow killing you is low..but never 0"
Should we talk about how Ant Man's canonical, in-universe explanation for how the shrinking works would make going subatomic impossible?
No matter how you try to swing it, shrinking is a disaster. Either the space between fundamental particles becomes so small you collapse into a black whole, or you are actively shedding particles from your body (I.E. unaliving). Neither lets you get subatomic, let alone live. Shrinking is pure suspension of disbelief.
@@tiamagus6641 in order to collapse into a black hole, you would have to shrink to 1 billionth the size of an electron, which isn't possible using the space shrinking method.
The real problem is you would sink into/though most surfaces like an unbreaking needle driven with your full body weight. Which, again the in universe explanation tries to pretend this is the point/advantage of the shrinking, then has an ant fly while carrying 70kg...
@@tiamagus6641 Well technically if you could shrink the space between quarks in your protons and neutrons that would lower the mass in your body allowing you to get smaller without becoming a black hole. Though you'd still have to carry your own oxygen, and it's unlikely the chemistry in your body would work the same if you changed the protons and neutrons that way.
There is the idea of forming a pocket dimension around your self and shrinking the relative definitions of size between the dimensions
I'm not a dumb guy, but at a certain point this stuff always makes me feel like my brain can just not grasp the mechanics of what is being discussed. I can understand the metaphors, but the second they are pointed out as such I'm always left with this sense of displacement where I'm on one side of the conversation, and the point is on the other.
Like I get it, but I also am incredibly aware of how much I do not get it.
Same, but I think that’s like he explained in the video! “The answer is maybe or maybe not!” So I like to think we understand it better than we think we do 🙂
A smart person doesn't just know what he knows but also what he does not know.
Quantum Phyisics is meant to be discussed with math. It has a shut up and calculate approach.
Imagine how it feels then when you are actually a dumb guy lol
You see... you could have a 1 or a 0 but instead of the 1, you could 1 and/or 0, and instead of the 0, you could have 1 and/or 0!
I've stumbled across a number of videos explaining this to me over the years... I still don't feel like I fully understand, and there's probably no saving me.
Hi Kyle,
Ive been a follower of yours for almost 6 years and I wanted to say thank you. You have helped shape my critical thinking, perspective and creativity ten fold. It can be easy to overlook the power of inspiration, but you certainly have natural ability to do so. I appreciate your advocacy for neuro-diversity, as I have had similar short comings with the way my mind works. I now want to go and inspire people, as you do for me. Thank you!
I can relate as well.
That's a sweet comment cole, and btw, I'm gonna suck your toes
All those universes where things went wrong? Now you get the point of _What If ...?_ All the best stories in _What If ...?_ were about how things could have gone wrong at major moments in the Marvel timeline.
One of my favorites was _What if the Marvel Superheroes lost Atlantis Attacks?_ That whole ending battle with Thor, Phoenix (Rachael Summers) and Dr. Doom against Set was just _awesome._
I liked the ones where everything seemed better in the universe but because someone wasn't where they were supposed to be the universe ends. Like Peter Quill not being abducted as a child leading to Ego winning after finding him.
@@NitroDragon Yeah, that one was pretty enjoyable too.
But I'm _really_ glad it ended the way it did, because I was pretty annoyed with the way the episode had been going up until that point, and I would have just _hated_ it otherwise.
So, T'Challa was just _such a better person_ than Peter Quill in _every way_ that he made everything better just by his presence? And he _somehow_ even managed to not just talk _Thanos_ (who isn't called the _Mad Titan_ for nothing!)_ out of his centuries-long plan to wipe out all life in the universe, but actually managed to _recruit him?_
I mean, _c'mon!_ It was making me roll my eyes so far it hurt my head.
But in the end, where it was all revealed to have just been a set-up for a truly _catastrophic_ failure of person/place/time, it totally made up for all the over-the-top T'Challa fanfic writing.
But for me, the best _What If... ?s_ will always be those disaster issues from the '80s/early '90s where they showed how just one or two mistakes could have lead to total catastrophe and turned the entire Marvel Universe into a gigantic bloodbath. It was always great fun to see just how _horribly wrong_ everything could have gone, and all the ways beloved characters were killed.
But I also really loved _What If... Spider-Man Had Kept His Cosmic Powers?_ where Peter retained the powers and position of Captain Universe even after he defeated Loki's Tri-Sentinel (from the _Acts of Vengeance_ crossover event) just because Peter's _"With Great Power, There Must Also Come Great Responsibility"_ ideals meshed so perfectly with the Uni-Power's purpose.
That one was so cool not because everyone ended up dead, but because of the interesting consequences of Spider-Man trying to do _too much_ with his new expanded powers, and the toll it took on him and his family.
And as an added bonus, just a few years ago the Captain Universe Spider-Man was even revisited as an alternate universe version of Spidey in the Spider-verse storyline in the comics. It was pretty great to see that storyline brought up again!
"What if..." is also a pillar in sci-fi. If some understanding or concept was "made" at a different point in time/place, it would create ripples on all future events. Like SteamPunk.
Another well known case of this(in gaming), is the Red Alert franchise, where they remove 1 historical important person and everything changes.
What if the concept and understanding of quantum physics(through coincidence) already happened 2000 years ago, and some people rapidly expanded on this knowledge, leading to a society much different than ours, to a degree that we cant even imagine.
Such a world could possibly exist along our own, "cloaked" in the vast chasm that is the different understanding of what "reality" and "possibility" is.
Or said more plainly, 2-dimensional beings trying to understand the 3 dimensions.
Exiles was a fantastic book that was basically a single superhero team bouncing from alternate reality to alternate reality. You never knew it was going to happen next.
@@megan_alnico I second this, Exiles is a fun read.
If there is a multiverse, wouldn't it be neat if all your "oh shit I could have died there" moments did result in dying in other universes and that the one where you're alive you've just so happened to be in the universe where you defied the odds of dying.
In a multiverse, there are definitely already a bunch of dead me, many of which were caused by other people being stupid on highways
You are talking about Quantum Immortality.
This video's topic makes my heart SO happy. I'm going to watch it over and over and over again! Thank you. Excelllent topic choice!
It really is like the quote (by I think Arthur C Clarke) that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. It’s cool that movies are taking that into account and blurring the two together.
That was a great video I loved it. You and Spiros really for me distilled it down to its essence of what the Quantum realm and the multiverse is. I love your videos I can understand a lot of what you are trying to get across and parting it into layman's terms, plus you infuse a good dose of comedy to make it enjoyable to watch. Keep up the great work and put out more content and I will keep watching them.
So after this video, I definitely got a new perspective on those last moment of End Game when Strange searched for the many possible ways the Avengers can win - Here I thought it was only Strange shifting himself through different dimensions for an answer as the Avengers stood by seeing him do his thing. But what if it was Strange’s surroundings shifting around him. It seems like he was able to influence probability itself and bringing forth the dimension where the Avengers win while leaving his initial origin dimension behind. In other words, Strange disappears from one dimension and appears in another.
Essentially, collapsing superpositions of the realities until he found the one he liked.
@@erinfinn2273 Exactly. So did he actually helped “save” the universe? Or just abandoned the one that didn’t stand a chance? Another question, if every universe has a Doctor Strange, or at least a version of Strange, and events unfold the same but slightly different from the last - when it came to those last moments of End Game where Strange looked for a solution, wouldn’t this also be happening at the same time in other universes? Hasn’t Strange attempted the same thing in all universes? If so, what made “our” Strange the lucky one to find the one outcome when others could of done the same? Unless there are more probable universes out there where the Avengers won. Thoughts? Mr. Hill, feel free to share your thoughts.
@@johncliffalvarez6513 If he manually collapsed superpositions in order to achieve the outcome he desired... Then technically he abandoned the other universes, yes. As for the other versions of him, well, he wasn't lucky. He was in a time loop, like in his own movie. He brute forced the solution, like a combination lock solver.
@@bable6314 Or perhaps the “winning” Strange basically locked out all other versions of himself from arriving to the universe where the Avengers win and leave them to die within their respective time loops. I feel this could of been a better premise for the multiverse of madness movie in my opinion; the fall out of what he had to do in order to save his reality.
I would like to see the numbers for how massive a quantum computer would have to be to match the numbers for a classic jupiter brain like Kyle described in a previous video. Given they are much more dense in their computational power than supercomputers I would like to think it's something that could still fit on the surface of a planet. If that's the case then I feel like it makes the chances of us already being in a simulation much greater than it already would be. TBH I'm not mad at that thought at all.
Glad to know the way I've been thinking about how a quantum computer works isn't too far off. I love the way he explains it!
Excellent interview, Kyle! Your ability to bridge the social and technical gaps between expert scientists and laymen really shows off your competence as a science communicator. I know it's not your go-to approach for videos, but I hope we see more interviews like this from you in the future!
Excuse any inaccuracies in the assumptions that I might be making, but I have a question to ask: How much do the quantum effects actually effect reality on a macro scale?
Like, if a particle has an overwhelmingly big probability to behave in a particular way and an overwhelmingling small probability to behave in any other way, is that enough to disregard the effectiveness of a Laplace demon at mapping the universe through time?
I know that empirical experimentations aren't enough to dismiss the lesser probabilities, but in a pragmatic and practicle sense, in everyday life, not in a lab, shouldn't it be enough?
There might be a probability that a plane could crash, or that I might feel an urge to cross the road before the light turns green, due to particle's "misbehavior", but we don't live in fear because of it.
Even if a couple of particles start acting crazy once in a while, wouldn't their effects start diminishing as the domino effect perpetuates from the quantum up to the macro level?
One of the ways I have tried to understand the possibility of inspiration, or a person acting counter to their normal selves is through quantum effects.
If we assume people are essentially deterministic, that there is nothing special, or spiritual, or paranormal about our existence, then all we have us a very complex computer in our heads. But if it is a computer, acting out programs that derive from our DNA and our experience, then how does it sometimes do something new?
I think it is through quantum effects. We gave neurons that fire, meaning electrons travel down them, just like in a computer or any electronic device, but as Spiros said, these electrons are not billiard balls following a classical path, they are each clouds of probability. So while in nearly all cases, they follow down a neuron as normal, there is always a possibility that one or more will tunnel to a different neuron, one that would not have normally been triggered by whatever stimulus is present. But this time it us, and that unusual pattern of neurons firing can allow people to connect two things or see the world slightly differently, which is a pretty good description of inspiration. It can also cause people to behave in a way that may seem out of character, in good or bad ways.
So, while the macro world, generally, is not much affected by quantum effects, the places where the macro and the micro intersect, like in your brain, or in a black hole, the effects can be tremendous.
@@QBCPerdition That's definitely an idea that I have pondered myself. However, I try to refrain from forming any quantum hypotheses on it because of the extreme level of complexity of the human brain. One could theorize that ,at that level of clomplexity, even the classical "billiard balls" approach could result in radically different outcomes depending on the initial starting variables (genetics + environment), so for me, at least at this level of understanding, it could be almost equally either or.
I think a simpler model to study this idea through would be something like a double pendulum system, having a very basic level of complexity. It would be ideal to study it in the virutal world to reduce external influnecers. Not that a computer's calculation can't be influenced by its surrounding, but it remains a very minimal influence compared to a physical pendulum in the real world
Heres a perfect example, I just cant remember all the science so youre gonna have to google, but pur sun wouldnt work without quantum tunneling
@@ottoboettger9627 I just watched a video on it from The Science Asylum. It's a pretty interesting phenomenon, thanks for sharing it!
I guess the sun is brute forcing quantum tunneling into occuring on a regular enough basis through the sheer number of particles it has in order to sustain fusion. I don't know how to categorize this though in the grand scheme of things.
I mean, if a system is creating such an immense amount of "contained" chaos to the point of eventually producing the desired effect (I know I'm personifying the sun here, but just role with it for the sake of the argument) in such a way that it becomes almost certain and ordered, the "spookiness" or the "misbehavior" of particles, statistically speaking, becomes in a way predicatble and expected in a larger scale. As if the probabilities have been inversed.
Like I obviously can't predict that particle X will or won't fuse at a given moment, but I can predict that the sun won't be extinguished tomorrow, you know what I mean?
@@faresmhaya Throughout history, human understanding of "the world" and the "forces which act upon it" has changed and shifted dramatically. Science subjects that were theoretical 100 years ago are now common knowledge for most people after they graduate high school.
Our "horizon" of new knowledge is ever expanding, and when we think we have reached the edge of what is possible to comprehend, the edge disappear and a new horizon emerge. Currently, that horizon is quantum physics. It is impossible to know what is behind it. But most likely, it just keep going.
If Quantum is a "framework" or "set of certain rules", they will invariably have an impact on the macro side of things. However finding or defining them might be difficult or even impossible. As a concept, it is the chaotic/random nature of things that, given enough instances, have formed "everything" to what it currently is, to us.
So the Eye of Agamotto is a peripheral? Where does he attach the Laserjet Printer of Canon?
That was lovely. Thanks Kyle. I learned about eternalism a few months ago thanks to Warframe and I didn't realize how ingrained quantum is with it
New War? Nice! I like that our thrift store thor makes science maybe a bit easier to understand especially when it comes to spooky action physics.
WARFRAMEEEE. I’m glad to finally find some other Tenno :D
When I was little I wanted to believe that Aladins genie was future tech sent to the past. And the genie was made of nano bots that has some type of quantum manipulation powers.
I also thought that the mirror from Snow white was a smart mirror.
The carpet from Aladin was some type of flying platform made with sience.
The cave from Aladin was voice access technology.
Ghost sightings were beings bleed trough from other dimensions or parallel universes. Etc
A lot of these stories can be explained trough modern technology.
Good, yes...
Now apply this frame of mind to, for example, the Bible. A sufficiently advanced spacefaring civilization could, quite realistically, account for every single phenomenon described therein.
I've always felt it would be much more sensible for UFOs/Aleins to be travelers from Earth in another dimension/reality, instead of travelers from outer space.
A small single pilot craft that jumps between dimensions makes more sense to me than someone traveling thousands of light years by themselves. Plus it would better explain why aliens are often depicted as huminoid in shape & size.
Just my own preferred sci-fi headcannon.
Man, you're giving me a good idea. I need to incorporate a smart mirror who give make-up tips and knows about the latest fashion trends into my sci-fi story.
I would love to see Kyle's take on the higher dimensions of the DC multiverse and Grant Morrisons use of string theroy. Imaginary Axis did an amazing 2 part video series on Darkseid and how the God sphere works.
When I clicked on this video, I admittedly did not expect it to entail a conversation on the quantum reality of possibility in the universe
I'm not complaining, just surprised
If Dr. Strange is a supercomputer, then I don't think he should have been beaten so easily mathematically by Spider-Man.
He had lost his CPU (Time stone) at that point
So you're saying that a supercomputer never gets an input wrong? Or crash?
You also have to tell a computer what computations to look at, use or examine. Strange was suffering from blindness in that scene, whereas he did not even consider that Peter would use that methodology to beat him. He wasn't considering those outcomes.
@@Real28 this is true
Wasnt there also a thing about how any and all turing complete computers will Inevitably encounter an infinite loop bug?
@@Real28 And calculations, especially on large scale take time. Simpler computers can do simpler math quicker.
Doctor strange is also still a human. When they say he is a quantum supercomputer they don't mean it in the literal sense. They are just meaning to say that he is utilizing quantum effects via his mind in order to manipulate the world around him
That professor is really interesting to listen to! Ive recently thought about dimensions and how we would even detect one if it doesnt interact with our senses. Like, we know what light and sound are because we have specialized organs that detect them, but what if there was another interaction that was everywhere, but we didnt know about it because our body isnt equipped to detect it? Also takes you down the rabbit hole of dark matter and whatnot. Fascinating stuff!
When he described atoms as singing to each other, that blew my mind.
This has been one of my favorite episodes, I could have listened to you both talk about quantum mechanics for hours. This subject is part of what I find the most fascinating as a thought experiment in regards to Reverse Flash , his method of time travel and the manipulation to end up at the outcome he finds desirable (effectively changing variables and shifting between the multiverse to find the one he wants). Stay nerdy!
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic."
- Arthur C. Clarke
Is what magic in marvel to me
Except it isn't. You can test to see if something is a real, repeatable phenomenon. If it isn't, it's magic i.e. not real.
@@skepticalbadger go back in time and show a caveman a lighter and see if he know how it works or if he calls you a wizard, shaman, ect
@@shanewhite1977 better example is a smartphone. Show that to someone from even 1000-2000 years ago and they'll burn you at a stake for practicing dark magic.
Spiros Michalakis is one of the most eloquent quantum mechanic dudes I've ever heard, I've never had a better grasp of it than now! This is awesome!
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." (Arthur C. Clarke) I think this sums up characters like Doctor Strange and Thor effectively in the MCU.
Sums it up for whom? And why?
Can you elaborate/expound what you meant?
@@F_L_U_X Their abilities. The whole point of the video is establishing that what Doctor Strange uses is not, in fact, magic. Likely it's more advanced science or technology. Thor gave the same explanation in his first film.
The way Spiros talked at 19:57 reminded me so much of how Bruce Banner talks
Kyle, I deeply appreciate how much mental effort you put into maintaining eye contact with your interview subject. It doesn't come easily to us.
I bet he practices in the mirror 😉😜
Kyle has such a pensive gaze. Great stuff.
Of course my friend! Always a pleasure to talk to you!
Oh! I held Stormbreaker!
So, we're no longer friends
🤣
Thank you, Kyle. Thank you so much for giving us, for giving me, the opportunity to hang with such great people. Like, I don't care I wasn't in the room, I felt like I belong in that conversation, I understood it, and that's something I ain't really able to do too much. It was awesome seeing real scientists who have genuine interest in the MCU and are able to explain things in a way no one else could. Your channel is awesome, no matter the content, cuz all of your videos are brilliant and great, but this one really made me love it, and you, even more, which I didn't knew was possible. Thank you very, very much, Science Thor. You are the best. I hope things are getting even better than they are now, you legend with a legendary hair. Love ya.
One love ❤️
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic"
Arthur C. Clarke
This kinda feels like one of those explanations that obfuscates more than it helps.... Like how saying that the double slit experiment is impacted by observing which slit the photon went through is often interpreted as justification for whatever magical mind over matter beliefs somebody want to be true.
So I think any Dr. Strange is quantum whatever is more likely to just validate whatever magic nonsense people want to believe rather than help them understand quantum mechanics....
Thanks for commenting this so I don't have to. "Observing" means poking it with a particle which changes where it is, not the presence of an eye near the system.
@@howarddewing6617 Yeah... I really hate that scientists chose the word "observation" to mean "any particle interaction", because it really confuses laypeople and encourages the sort of "mental quantum magic" misunderstandings.
this is actually really funny, true, and lame as well
big comment. warrants further elaboration. also alludes to the fact that quantum mechanics is starting to/will start to push up against the sides of the container known as "language"
Its one of those times that little Greece makes me proud, that we have such intelligent people studying quantum mechanics abroad! Ένα μεγάλο μπράβο στον Σπύρο για την δουλειά του !
I CANNOT WAIT FOR THE DR. STRANGE SEQUEL! THE FIRST HAS BEEN MY FAVORITE MCU SINCE I FIRST WATCHED IT!
IT'S GONNA BE SUPER TRIPPY, Y'ALL!!!
Half of this video isn't Doctor Strange stuff, just a way to teach people real quantum stuff and I love it. Keep up the great work.
More videos with this guy
Please he’s epic
This has been a very fun video to watch and listen to. It reminds me of a wonderful quote that I love. “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”. Even if you are an anatomically correct carbon based humanoid shaped biologic super quantum mechanic computer.
I find it strange he didn't mention the fact there are potentially INFINITE universes, therefore the Avengers win against Thanos in an equal amount. It just took the good Doctor that many attempts to make his universe into one where they win too. It's the exact same thing he did against Dormamu. Which just goes to show that Thanos is the ultimate Fromsoft boss, while Strange is the ultimate player.
There doesn't have to be anywhere near an equal amount. The amount of numbers between 0 and 1 are infinite and the amount of numbers between 1 and 5 are infinite, but there are still four times as many numbers between 1 and 5 as there are between 0 and 1. All infinities are not equal.
@@SgtSupaman the infinities between 0 and 1 and 1 and 5 are the same size, but you do have a point, there could be a countably infinite number of scenarios where they win and an uncountably infinite number where they lose.
@@sephirothjc , they really aren't the same size. For any number you pick between 0 and 1, you can count it alongside four numbers between 1 and 5. This is true for any and every number you pick. For instance, 0.123456789 for the first infinite quantity can be counted beside 1.1234556789, 2.123456789, 3.123456789, and 4.123456789 for the second infinite quantity, proving that (while both are infinite) the second quantity is larger than the first.
A more accurate thing to say would be that the time stone is a quantum supercomputer, not Dr Strange; Dr Strange is just channeling its power through himself. Actually, perhaps the interface between the stone and Strange is the supercomputer
A little less than halfway through, I realized how Dr. Strange was a quantum computer. Brilliant idea.
So he's just selecting a particular universe that meets his needs?
@@nosuchthing8 He's experiencing the entire multiversal wavefunction and collapsing into the ine branch that contains his desired outcome.
To be more accurate, Strange was using the Eye of Agamotto (Time Stone) so it's more like Strange was using a quantum computer with his Magic serving as the code to interface with the quantum computer rather than the idea that he was the quantum supercomputer itself. Do you get what I mean?
Can I have a long form version of this talk??? So incredibly fascinating!!
I feel like it’s rarely that a highly educated scientist absolutely says that “X is fact” but he didn’t hesitate to say the multiverse is real and I’m incredibly curious to see more
Film theory said it was geometric light crystal and in Spider-Man no way home HE SAIDE IT WAS JUST GEOMETRY
Film theory are garbage hacks
I love that they hired a real quantum physicist to advise on these movies!
17:00 "They all lost." You both discuss how people are really good at filtering out probabilities that aren't useful to us, and our survival. The Marvel movies that we, the audience, are watching are the chosen reality we have filtered through and decided on to watch. Why? Because that feel good feeling at the end when the good guys come out on top leaves us with happy chemicals in our brain. We have a different perspective of reality than Dr. Strange, and the other characters, in the movie. In his yoga pose he filtered through millions of possible outcomes to find one where the team won. They won, because something outside their universe (us) wanted them to win. The relationship is less about the interactions between the universes in the multiverse and more about the relationship between the "characters" in the multiverse and those observing the multiverse (the audience).
Oooh this is good!
Wow wow wow Wow!
So weird question... is quantum computing top down causation? If it lets us choose a state of a superposition, doesn't that mean we as a macro-process are choosing the outcome of a micro process? Also, if quantum computing is choosing among the options of Yes, no, Maybe, and Maybe-not, it reminds me of the logic problems of Nagarjuna's Tetralemma.
A fun story for anyone to read if they find quantum physics interesting is "The Dreams in the Witch House" by H. P. Lovecraft.
Come to think of it, Marvel stole a lot of stuff from Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos for the original Dr. Strange comics, so a lot of Marvel fans might like that story.
H.P Lovecraft died in 1937. Quantum Physics were first discovered in the year 1920. I doubt his stories actually have all that much to do with Quantum Physics.
@@rollerskdude The concept of higher spatial dimensions has been around for some time now. To quote PhysicsWorld, "In 1921 [Theodor] Kaluza published an article in which he extended Einstein’s theory of general relativity (which is still the best known description for gravitation) from four to five dimensions."
"The Dreams in the Witch House" was first published in the July 1933 issue of Weird Tales magazine, and pushes this idea (which is a core part of the Cthulhu Mythos) that if only we could shift our perspective to higher dimensions, we could then interact with them, travel in them, and meet their denizens or those of other universes (this was a horror story, after all).
I should also point out that both H.P. Lovecraft and his friend Robert E. Howard (who died in June, 1936) included mention of nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons in their Cthulhu Mythos stories. The first one of these that comes to mind is called "The Mound," which was written in January 1930, but sadly wasn't published until after Lovecraft's death.
All this to say that science fiction/science fantasy authors must have read books or something ;)
@@beowulfshaeffer8444 Lovecraft also misunderstood stuff like the electromagnetic spectrum so I'd be pressed to think that him getting science stuff right is accidental.
@@madladdie7069 It saddens me when the great science fiction authors are misunderstood simply because they didn't know the sciency buzz-words invented decades after their deaths.
By the way, have you read "The Color out of Space?" I think Lovecraft did an excellent job generating ideas as to how the human eye and brain could both be confused by encounters with extra-dimensional beings.
@@beowulfshaeffer8444 You make a decent point but a book or 2 of something is completely different to a Multi-year university course.
That one really would have needed back then be substantially accurate to the real world concepts.
An author like Isac Asimov's and his countless stories had ought to give better coverage though
Fun quote about magic:
"The providences of God are all a miracle to the human family until they understand them. *There are no miracles,* only to those who are ignorant. A miracle is supposed to be a result without a cause, but there is no such thing. There is a cause for every result we see; and if we see a result without understanding the cause we call it a miracle."
-Brigham Young (DBY, 339) (emphasis added)
So basically, any sufficiently understood magic is indistinguishable from technology.
This was SO over my head but SO awesome! Thank you for expanding my mind!
Interesting interview. Thanks for lining it up!
Incidentally, the first time (that I'm aware of) that "magic" was described to be manipulations of quantum mechanics and superposition was in the Death Gate Cycle by Tracy Hickman and Margaret Weis (of Dragonlance fame). In the appendix of either the first or second volume they describe a "Wave of Possibility" (or maybe it was probability) and how the "God-like" magic of the two most powerful races utilize alterations to this wave to produce the desired effect. They also define limits to it by baking-in the concept of Chaos and entropy. Pretty interesting brake down on how magic works in a traditional fantasy setting.
I want that movie. I want the Death Gate Cycle turned into films, it could be an awesome prequel with Halpo's life as a runner.
Damn, I remember that from like 20+ years ago. They really went into detail with those ideas
When you met "Spiros Michalakis" for the first time, was his first reaction like: "Oh hey *Chris Hemsworth!* You look a lot younger today! What is your secret?"
Lol I pegged the "orbiting" about 5 seconds before you did I was like "yeah we know what you mean" then you said something about it and I am here wanting the tangent haha (could listen to physics talk all day 💜) Lol wasn't even looking at the screen either I just heard it in his voice on the second orbiting XD Love this vid even though I am not a huge Marvel fan.
This video put me in my happy place before work
Throwback! I thought kyle left because science because he was tired of pop culture science
So why did he left?
@@kenrickhk I think that was the reason. Kyle wanted to do important topics like nuclear Armageddon but nerdist just wanted superhero science. I was just happy that he was doing superheroes again
Podcast with this guy and Kyle would be amazing
This so super cool. The evolution of so many years of effort has been super cool. And this does not disappoint. Oh, Kyle. Thanks man.
Spiros is my new favorite physicist!!! He made quantum physics more understandable than anyone else I've heard. And his name is awesome!
"suppress all these realities" made me think of the famous Adam Savage scene "I reject your reality and substitute my own" lol
I feel like this doctor's take on quantum physics is explained quite in a distinct way, most mystical than not, which I'm not able to judge still, but I feel like this has the potential to change my current understanding (honestly not much) on it if I ever come to agree with him.
That was so much fun, thank you Show, enjoyed the Kyle.^^
Hi Klye, Fantastic work. A few more annotations / references on some of the points you make would just put this on the top. Great interview.
A fantastic Interview, I could listento you two chatting for hours.
Magic is science which we don't know how it works yet. I like that quote from the Sorcerer's Apprentice movie. Also works for Fullmetal Alchemist.
This conversation was stimulating great job here Kyle
The problem with the Pym particles is the weight/mass problem. If it only shrinks the space between particles, it would still have the same mass, but the fully functioning tank from the first movie can be carried like a toy? And a full building can be carried on a keychain, but Scott keeps his mass. It's confusing and inconsistent.
12:08 This is how Vision "phases" through matter. Like Ghost, but he has total control over it and can influence when and where he wants to start and end his super position.
I've been seeing your memes on my feed for weeks, I'm glad I checked out your channel. This is awesome!
Holy Quantumleap!
I love it so much to listen to people who know stuff and are able to share it in a way that opens up my mind to new ideas and points of view.
That's the main reason i like your content in the first place.
This is easily one of my favourite vids. Thanks Kyle!
Lines up nicely with the "think of it as the universes source code" and the fact it is entirely dependent on will with the hands and such being basically tactile placebos when they show the guy with no hands do the the same stuff.
"Aliveness Insideness" My new favorite term.
Soon as you mentioned the many universes where things don't work out, I had flashbacks to my existential crisis I suffered after learning about quantum immortality.
I really appreciate the way quantum computing is explained here. Thank you for letting my "2D" brain look into the window of "quantent" sir. Always a pleasure to watch.
I was watching an anime the other day and a person was basically turned into a quantum computer to overcome a crippling ailment, and as a consequence they became omniscient because they could access all information on the internet and then process the probability near instantaneously in their head. They didn't understand the process, but they were able to use the omniscience in real time to make seeming miracles happen.
Dr Michalakis seems like such a nice guy and engaging. Love the interview and the insight.
If you didn’t take Spiros to go see the props after that interview, we can’t be friends anymore 😢
Perhaps quantum physics can be the basis for free will in the sense that our collective everyday decisions resolve these infinite, superpositioned realities into one which we can perceive and it behooves us to make the best possible world for everyone here and now.
One thing I would like to hear from scientists is Uncensored version. One where they don’t need to dumb it down, where they can use their language.
12:45 honestly this sounds like the explaination from various old animated projects for Dr. Strange's "mystic arts". That he has some ability tied to "perception", or manipulating "perception", of what is "real".
Super fun and interesting conversation! Reminded me a lot of the comics series Planetary.
Kyle, thanks for inviting our guy Nick Lucid and The Science Asylum along for the ride! 👍👍
I could listen to Fr Spiros forever. His explanations are everything 🎯
Absolutely necessary before watching Multiverse of Madness
So, 0-0,1-1,0-1 equates to the infinite possibilities of the universe. I personally find that awe-inspiring and simply rather hopeful. This video was such a joy to watch.
This has spurred me on to take another gander into quantum computing again. Thanks buddy 👌👌
Such a grand distinction. I still smile when I see my name.
This was SUCH a cool video though. Thank you, Kyle. I love videos like this.
When he described how a quantum computer operates by throwing out universes just brought the purpose of the Time Variance Authority in Loki. What is Kang up to?
Someone finally mentioned that dark truth - for one winning scenario, countless failure scenarios have to be acknowledged. They all exist...