Depends on what you means by fails, but assuming it's not a physically defective drive then yes you can, with the caveat that you'll be prompted on the working Mac to type in the FileVault password in order to decrypt it. If you don't have that or type it in then the drive will remain inaccessible
Easy to follow instructions - well done
If your filevaulted Mac fails, can you remove the HD or connect your Mac to another Mac via target mode and retrieve your data?
Depends on what you means by fails, but assuming it's not a physically defective drive then yes you can, with the caveat that you'll be prompted on the working Mac to type in the FileVault password in order to decrypt it. If you don't have that or type it in then the drive will remain inaccessible
Because I don't like anyone to see my data