Why Do Inuits Not Have Blue Eyes? The Reason for Blue Eyes (Part 2)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 พ.ค. 2024
- Check Out Part 1 - What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? • What is the Origin & R...
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Why Do Inuits Not Have Blue Eyes? The Reason for Blue Eyes (Part 2)
Why do Inuit and other indigenous peoples of the Arctic region not have blue eyes? In my last video on the origins and reason for blue eyes, I detail how the countries with the largest blue-eyed populations are in northern Europe, and I argue that one of the main drivers of this was probably the lack of light in the winter months that meant that blue eyes were selected for over time due to them being more sensitive to light. I will link that video above for anyone who hasn’t seen it where I go into more detail.
Now my theory on low light is a working one and there was probably more than one variable involved in blue eyes developing, with Europe also having a long tradition of blues eyes going back to at least the Western Hunter Gatherers. There is a problem however. Now a few people in the comments in the my last video mentioned this and I myself thought of it but I didn’t have time to fully address it. If blue eyes developed in part due to low light conditions, why do Inuit and related peoples who live extremely far north, in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the globe, in places such as Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska and northern Russia, all tend to have darker eyes? Now I should quickly mention that some of these peoples do have lighter eyes, but most do not.
After all, in places that far north, there is even less light than parts of northern Europe in the winter time, to the point of the sun not rising at all for months at a time. In Utqiagvik in Alaska for instance, which is the northernmost community in the United States, sitting 330 mi (530 km) north of the Arctic Circle, they have 67 days of continuous darkness between November 18 and January 23. On the flip side as well, they have around 80 days of uninterrupted daylight during the summer. It is home to the Iñupiat people.
Sources:
Photokeratitis (Snow blindness) - Photokeratitis - Wikipedia
Inuit en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit#
Snow goggles Snow goggles - Wikipedia
Exploring the Ingenuity of Ancient Inuit and Yupik Snow Goggles • Exploring the Ingenuit...
Why Do They Look Asian - • Why Do They Look Asian...
Iñupiat en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1...
Inuits live in very cold climates, why do they have dark skin? scienceline.org/2007/06/ask-d...
Are all Inuit the same? Tuesday 9 of 52. • Are all Inuit the same...
Whales Revered as Center of Alaska Inupiat Life • Whales Revered as Cent...
FARTHEST NORTH TOWN IN AMERICA | EXTREME ALASKAN LIFE | BARROW (UTQIAGVIK) ALASKA | Somers In Alaska • FARTHEST NORTH TOWN IN...
Schæbel LK, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Laurberg P, Vestergaard H, Andersen S. Vitamin D-rich marine Inuit diet and markers of inflammation - a population-based survey in Greenland. J Nutr Sci. 2015 Dec 16;4:e40. doi: 10.1017/jns.2015.33. PMID: 26793305; PMCID: PMC4709837.
Western Hunter-Gatherer - Wikipedia
Nas Daily - I Went to the World's Emptiest Country (youtube.com)
Creative Commons Imagery:
Julian Idrobo from Winnipeg, Canada File:Inuit snow goggles.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license. CC BY-SA 2.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic | Creative Commons
Ansgar Walk File:Inuit-Kleidung 1.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported | Creative Commons
Velivieras File:Eye colors map of Europe.png - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | Creative Commons
George H. Wilkins File:Kilaudlak ice fishing near Cape Krusenstern (50927).jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | Creative Commons
#blueyes #ancestry #inuit
Thanks for watching! Please let me know your thoughts below...
Check out Part 1 as well - What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? th-cam.com/video/GZjAHA_G004/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/ADZbi8XZ1p0/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Gkmm17IuPKVU1NbC
It´s more about fog and cloudiness than high latitude
Maybe it's also because Inuits and related people have only been that far north for 5000 years but Europeans were there during the ice age. Also, evolutionary mutation is always partly by chance, part selection. Would explain why Siberian Huskies have blue eyes, but there are plenty of northern dog breeds that do not have blue eyes.
Excellent point- quite alot of chance involved due to the rarity of genetic mutations.
Inuit still lived at an extreme northern latitude before spreading a little north . The subarctic natives around me can be crazy dark and they've been in the north for a long time to. I think they have a common ancestor about 20k back with inuit.
The high artic of Europe was as iced over as the rest of the world. So that statement is not accurate.
@@ANTSEMUT1 The Arctic would be fairly similar toward edge of the ice in Europe 20 thousand years ago. Yes very northern Europe was covered, but for a long period, people lived south along the ice and glaciers from Europe to Siberia.
@@Gwenhwyfar7 no ice sheets were still very much a thing in most of northerm europe until 12kish yrs ago
Eyes that are other colored than brown are considered more pretty and more desirable, and so even with it being evolutionarily a slight impediment, the fitness is increased my human desire, so due to our brains and intelligence, we can see something as beautiful and preserve it. Europeans are beautiful, wonderful people 🤍
Light eyes are common in nocturnal animals also, even in africa.
Random mutations in a combination of a Cloudy and a Forest type environment plus sexual selection thereafter.
This is my idea as well. The mutation happened in a subgroup that had already split and went west, then sexual selection, or some combination of sexual selection and fitness, were selected for. That sounds like the most logical explanation (so far.)
Hi Steven, thank you for another great video. I enjoy watching all your videos! They are very well-researched and informative.
Thank you, I appreciate that
As always, thank you for the lesson.
Does this also hold true for green eyes? The British Isles have the highest concentration of green eyes on the planet, but as a worldwide percentage, they are very rare.
Green is the combo of brown and blue mixing together
@@michaelcandido2824Yeah a mutation of the Blue gene it's been considered as for years.
Green eyed people actually a small bit of a different, yellow pigment called lipochrome in the mix!
Maybe Celtic history decoded can do something about the prevalence of lipochrome in different populations, although I haven’t seen any major studies on it.
Blue eyes could be considered a hybred situation like we have with Dog breeds, like comparing a Golden Labradore verse Timber Wolve.
Probably because Europeans evolved in those climates and those people evolved in East Asia etc
I think that the reflection of sunlight on snow and the seafood diet rich in vitamin D play a major role in the fact that the Inuit are darker than Europeans in addition to the East Asian origins of the Inuit
But vitamin D is found in Dairy - the communities that have the strongest lactose persistence overlay on the blue eyed map?
@@DorchesterMom Yes, but the quantity is very small compared to seafood
I also think that seafood explains why Western hunter-gatherers were dark-skinned, while the ancient northern Eurasians were light-skinned. Europe is close to the ocean, unlike Siberia. However, eye color is not related to vitamin D. Rather, it is related to the ability to see in the dark, and here the climate of Europe helps. The eyes evolved to be lighter in europe than in Siberia because Europe has more fog and clouds due to its proximity to the ocean
Blue eyes were the most common eye colour amongst the hunter gathers of western Europe ( think it may have been 100% actually of individuals). Once the treat went into the Indo-european and Anatolian farmer migrates - it most likely sexually selected for - just as it was most likely sexually selected for in the initial population where the mutation first accorded the original pre agriculture peoples of Europe. I doubt environmental factors played much role - hunter gathers in Spain also had blue eyes just like their kin in Denmark.
Congratulations, good explanation, I really appreciated, thanks! But, I still think that european H, V, J, T, U, K mtdna (and their autosomal features) does also have effect on north european blue eye tendency. Additionally, my grandfather had ice blue eyes (possibly from his maternal side), but my father and my uncle has hazel eyes and I have light brown eyes. I am a turkmen originated turkish man.
Can you please do a video on true green eyes and the prevalence of lipochrome in specific genetic communities, or has there not been much research in this vein yet? I know hazel eyes do contain some melanin and so are a combination really, but true green eyes are associated with this other pigment and seem to correlate with the major places blue eyes are found.
I know green eyes are considered “blue” scientifically, but have never seen much about communities being linked specifically to lipochrome.
Can I ask what accent that is? Welsh? Scottish?
I'm not a nativs English speaker so subtitles are helpful.
Interesting videos.
He's Scottish, that's a southern Scottish accent
@@Th3_Gael thanks.
The little bit of welsh english I've ever heard seemed to have a similar intonation.
But that's only to my dutch ears.
@@hansvandermeulen5515 you're right, they're similar. Both have Gaelic underpinning to the accent
The Eskimos are recent people to the north. In the past maybe 10,000 -20,000 years years, I’m sure blue eyes are way older than that. And people are born with that blue heart defect in Africa still. didn’t have to worry about the other Africans killing them because they think he’s great magic or she’s great magic.
I live in Canada and pale eyed people would succumb to snow blindness very quickly in the Arctic regions.
I can't even see when the sky is white outside.It's painfull.
Light reflected off the iris does not help you see in dim light. Optics just does not work that way. It just makes you look cute dimcloudy conditions just mean it is selected against less.
I was thinking this as well. WHG developing blue eyes because they were in constantly low light conditions, lots of cloud cover and Western Europe used to be heavily forested. However the arctic has large parts of the year with 24/7 daylight, no trees, and snow glare.
If this is true, then many more animals must have evolved with blue eyes.... It was a random mutation that clearly was perceived as ''special'' and beautiful, especially in females....
@@jonbinki9651 mutations are random but it is fact that lighter eyes are more sensitive to light. So a random western Hunter gatherer was born with a mutation for lighter eyes and it’s possible that slight increase in low light vision led to it becoming a more common trait. However the idea that trait was selected for by mates is also probable. More than one thing can be true at the same time.
Because snow is incredibly reflective.
What about other regions of the world like North América, China, Japan or even Argentina and Australia?
Food might be an important factor, like carrots, and long lack of exposure to light as cave mans. Cave creatures frequently don't have pigmentation.
Albinism and Recessive traits. Brown and red hair occures in Albinos, its not a one size fits all condition, there is different levels of affect.
Do green/ hazel eyes pretty much follow these same metrics?
Green pigment in eyes is a mutation of the Blue eye gene- not sure about hazel or grey iris colour.
My father & sister have a very odd one I can't explain. - A thin orange ring around their pupil.
@@satyr1349it’s weird I have light brown curly hair and hazel eyes but my son and daughter seem to have extremely blonde blue eyes why is this and how do they not have brown
@@aidanfeeney8128 Yeah its terribly odd how our certain genes and epigenetic changes to those genes can make to our appearance.
@@satyr1349 yea man I always thought my kids would have brown hair or brown eyes like me but obviously not complete opposite but then again I was blonde as a young kid and there mother has extremely light eyes like my daughter and sons
Are you saying the inuits created rayban? Those glasses look like something from star trek btw.
Thank you for the CC. Why is all the best content in another language. Why didn’t the Aboriginals of Tasmania develop lighter skin?
There is also a reason why the Inuits who live in a cold climate did not develop pale skin, as it is relatively dark. People frequently believe that the cold temperatures of the Arctic climate imply less sun exposure. In fact, Arctic sensitivity to UV and the high UV levels in the Arctic have been known to cause sunburn (erythema) and snow blindness (photokeratitis) under normal conditions. Thus, the Arctic has long been an area at high risk from UV radiation damage. Although the sun never rises far above the horizon, the highly reflective snow surface results in damaging levels of UV for unprotected eyes and vertical surfaces such as faces, trees, and shrubs. Inuits are excellent hunters; their tanned skin provides a significant advantage when spending hours outside hunting. It's easy to get sunburned after an afternoon of skiing; imagine spending the entire day out in the bright tundra with no chance of shade. Beides, it is true that the Inuit diet is high in vitamin D, and they spend their entire lives hunting and fishing. However, Greenland receives more solar radiation than Northern Europe, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, and there is no forest, which explains why the Inuits are neither as fair nor fairer than Europeans.
Definitely a genetic element into what colour hair, amount of melanin in their skin and ofc eye colour people in northerly areas developed.
The best hypothesis for blue eyes I've read was a group of pre Indo-European human tribes moving into Europe with a few that had the recessive gene for blue eyes (a mutation ofc) - thry would be brown skinned, brown eyed & have brown hair. But only took a chance 'mixing' to eventually have the blue eyed gene represent in a child.
Maybe the human tribes which travelled north east never recieved this mutated eye colour gene.
Os povos do Extremo Sul congelado como dos Extremos Sul da Argentina e Chile nativos americanos também não tem olhos azuis ou verdes
I think my ancestor was a Galway Girl.
Simple answer they have no western hunter gatherer ancestry
I have blue/gray eyes, and my eyesight is terrible in low-light conditions.
Light reflected off the iris does not help you see in dim light. Optics just does not work that way. It just makes you look cute dim cloudy conditions just mean it is selected against less.
@@MrMonkeybat Things overlap. Eye colour is affected by things that affect neurotransmitter ratios at the whole, and locally in the eye. There is some truth to the eyes= temperament thing, but that is a bent road. Things still play off each other and the whole. Light activates eye biology, just like in the skin, so it is not surprising, that those who have more permeable eyes, especially blue and grey eyed people, with Green and hazel in the middle, to have different thresholds and needs as far as light entering the eye.
The Eskimo-Aleut Peoples have more in common phenotypically, genetically, geographically, and culturally with East Asians then they do with Amerindians yeah.
There are theories on why blue eyes developed in humans. Bu there has been no scientifically proven reasons. I think one of the most likely theories is it was seen as attractive in partners. So it was passed on by selective mating with partners who had blue eyes. I dont there is any actual evidence of a blue eyes having greater sight, in areas with lower levels of light. Though they may have more sensitivity to light. Not always a good thing. Lighter skin definitely gives someone advantages at higher latitudes with less light. It make them more sensitive to light and more able to produce vitamin D with lower levels of light. The explanation for Inuit not having pale skin colour, is because they have a diet which has traditionally included a lot of seafood and sea mammals that are high in vitamin D. So they dont need to have lighter skin to be able to to absorb vitamin D more efficiently than darker skin tones. However eye colour is not connected to skin tone. More likely the ethnic group the Inuit descended from, never had the genes for blue eyes in it.
It's simple... Blue eyes are a recessive trait, you must inherit a copy of the gene from both parents.
It isn't a gene they carry.
My mother got Brown eyes and really dark hair. Still all we after her are blondy. All her childrens and gran childrens.
Isn't this simply because they are all descendants of Polynesian migrants who have arrived in Europe at a much more recent point in time (compared with other northern European populations), and therefore have not been living up there for long enough to make that evolutionary step of switching eye color?
Poor buggers missed out but they have groovy sunnies
Inuit are relatively recent arrivals to the Arctic. Not enough time to evolve convergent traits. Your reasoning is missing a lot of archaeological context…
The problem is that you made a false assumption, that blue eyes would be needed for living in the artic. Blue eyes probably occurred randomly, and Europeans found it 'cute'. Or there was a stone-age Hitler, who claimed that blue eyes were superior, and killed off all the brown-eyed folks.
With hair the colour of golden sun rays, eyes as blue as the sky and skin as white as the clouds I have obviously been chosen by the sky gods. Placate them by giving me their representative lots of young women to sleep with. No not that red headed fire god shaman over there.
@@MrMonkeybat Don't forget to put dik in arse and awaken the divine tapeworm
Snow blindness
Too late a migration I'd guess.
Evolution in the past doesn't work on demand of today's human.
For blue eyes there must be the genes for blue eyes. The eye color depends on several genes. So blue eyes don't occur in a population just because of the change of 1 gene. significant changes in eyecolor in a population comes slowly because severa lgens must cahnges and come together in one person.
This takes time, a lot of time.
Populations in Middle and Northern Europe had the time to evolve and end up with many people lighter eye colors. People who came later to Northern regions did not develop blue eyes because it takes a lot of time. To fit int oyour theory the invention of goggles must have happened as soon as the people got there.
This is not a satisfying explanation. The intensity of the light mostly shining in the face in far Northern regions is a good explanation.
The explanation for a greater part of the population with lighter eye color is not complete. It is not just the dark months of the year. Many days in the year with cloudy or rainly weather block sunlight. In particular when iceages start and end and there is clear weather with sunshine is rare makes people with more transparent and thinner surface tissue better suited for survival and people with thicker and light blöocking surface tissue worse suiteed for survival because of all the good things sunlight does to the human body.
neanderthals have live fro hundred of thousands of years in Europe and survived series of iceages. So most likely many neanderthals had genes for lighter eye color and eve nblue eyes.
The genetic interchange of "modern humans" and Neanderthals in Europe gave the human populations in Europe the means to develop leighter eye color and blue eyes.
Necessity is a driving force in evolution.
The development of ligher eye colors and blue eyes is accmpanied by lighter hair colors and lighter skin colors. Without the necessity of such characterictics these characterictics would not have spread that much in any population.
S othere must have bee nthe necessity for these characterictics.
To understand evolution you have to think in really long terms sometimes. And, of course, there is rapid evolution too due to severe epidemics and only survivors with certain genes.
The reason for a mutation is not known by geneticians. What you say is coming from your imagination.
Eskimos are recent migrants to the North Pole. In evolutionary terms, that’s not enough time to have an impact on their genetic makeup.
Most northern peoples around the world have brown eyes. Blue eyes mostly come from that one small area of the European continent - the allele for blue eyes is recessive and I think it is in northern Europe because of a genetic fluke that survived in a major displacing population. I have blue eyes and my ancestors were Scandinavian. My sister has brown eyes, showing how much a roll of the dice such a thing is.
but sir... Genetics work on probabilities. Even though your sister has brown eyes; her children or grandchildren can have blue eyes again (given she procreates with a European)... the gene is present, even if not expressed in an individual...
How do you explain Kazakhs and Mongols having blue eyes?
Blue eyes was a genetic default that happened most likely in Africa and that particular person moved to Europe and had a bunch of kids and his kids had kids and etc., so forth for generations so became the tree and like he said when people were made, they preferred the blue eye. The Eskimos, who came from Asia there were no eyes and they didn’t prefer blue eyes so no blue eyes.
not true Judith.. whats with the Afrocentric nonsense? Blue eyes first appeared at the end of the Ice Age, in a small particular tribe of people living North of the Black Sea.. A groups as small as 1000-3000 individuals with high ratio of blue eyes, inherited from a single Great Grand father.... All people with blue eyes descend from this man, ultimately... Africa is not in this picture, whatsoever
It was all because of a western hunter gatherer Mesolithic hitler.
blue eyes is one race not some light things