ive never really thought about it but its kind of incredible how the moon is basically a time capsule showing us every single crater that's ever hit it during its entire existence, unlike earth where the changing surface eventually erases the craters. Its also impressive just how big some of the objects that impacted the moon are.
@@Permuh Once they get above a certain size the atmosphere does very little to attenuate the impact events. For smaller bodies the size will vary. Iron/nickel can reach the surface easily. For stony bodies or chunks of ice fortunately they seem to explode in the upper atmosphere. But if something that comes around the size of Tunguska over an urban area. That will be a bad day. A couple of years ago there was an explosion of a stony meteor or chunk of ice over the Bering Sea. No one knew about it until several days later when somebody noticed on images from a weather satellite.
@@vincentcleaver1925 well by the point of the moon landing some of the Boomers were teenagers and had fought to end segregation. It wasn't until the 70s that one of their many countercultural strains started to take hold of them. Yes, Neoliberalism was countercultural at one point. It's kind of weird how that won out.
NASA had close to 5% of the federal budget in the late 60s. The half of 1% they worked with in the 90s and 00s emphasized telescopes and terrestrial research.
I prefer the rabbit over the man. (Especially since the rabbit can be observed in either hemisphere, while the man is upside down and therefore not really recognizable from the southern hemisphere.) Well, that and rabbits are cuter than “Scrooge eating a lemon.”
@@danelynch7171 …that…may be why I dislike this new format to the point I skip it sometimes. (That and the Earth-ones are often…pretty underlyingly racist. “Noble Savages” or seem to be implying blame on countries that are sites of international wealthy country’s commercialism’s neo colonialism literally wrecking their environments ‘cause it’s “cheaper” to manufacture there…nevermind how poorly the humans are being treated…)
I'm at work and will watch this later, just have to say: Atlas Pro, I discovered your channel January 2020 and in the two years since have learned so much from your content and look forward to your videos about as much as any content on the web. Keep up the good work, brother.
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Has anyone thought the complexity of trying to move humans into another planet. It's hard to plan and move to another country, or another continent. It was hard to go to orbit. It was hard to go to the moon. It was hard to go and actually land on the moon. The complexity of trying to move some humans to the moon and the plan for the future to hold and create live there is huge. Really looking forward to this, even if I'm dead by then.
It's why the first missions should start with robots to build the infrastructure and what not. Groups like NASA, Mars First and individuals like Musk are way to "idealistic" (stupidly caught up in a sci-fi story) to realize that.
@@Xo-3130 I wouldn't put NASA in that basket. Pretty sure they aren't planning on making a colony on Mars like the other two are anytime soon, or any similar grandiose fantasy as that. Mars will be a scientific outpost and that's all it ever feasibly can be in the near and even far future, NASA is taking all the steps properly to get to that, starting with the Artemis program.
As I like to say, humans can't even colonise Antarctica or the ocean. Idk what makes them think they can conquer a whole different world with its own set of foreign extremes that'll make Antarctica and the ocean look like a ball pit.
You missed a bit when talking about why Io and Europa are highly geologically active, they're active in large part because the Jovian moons constrain each other in eccentric orbits, which is where the constantly shifting tidal forces that heat them up come from. If you then extrapolate that on your subsequent idea of more mass being torn from the Earth and into the Moon, you could instead imagine just a small amount of mass going into a second moon instead, and the two of them influencing each other in a way comparable to the Jovian moons.
I love the short clips from old documentaries interspersed throughout! My only real suggestion would be to cut back (or out) the very long intro clip which kicked off this video and the last several you've uploaded. I found it hard to stay invested until the end of the clip and I'm already a big fan of your channel! I would expect a lot of potential viewers to bounce after a minute or so. Otherwise, I think you presented a wonderful wealth of information in a really engaging way! Count me as someone enthusiastic for using the moon to further human exploration: it's already dead, and it's ours anyway, haha
@@HateTheIRS but someone who has never watched this channel before might just click off instead of bothering to skip ahead because the video didn't grab their attention straight away
@@HateTheIRS have you ever clicked away from a video because the first 2 full minutes didn't seem interesting? of course you have moon footage is cool but doesn't have anything to do with the title and it takes longer than most people have attention spans for nowadays
@@whoeveriam0iam14222 tbf, people with short attention spans aren't really the target audience for a 30 minute youtube documentary. Of course the title of the video will grab their attention, but the slow pace might not be to their liking anyways.
I can focus for a long time on something that interests me but I have to be invested first so if I was a new viewer I would've clicked away. I let it play for a little bit but got frustrated that nothing had started yet and fast-forwarded through it and all the other ambiance clips (so not the ones from the actual astronauts just the ones saying things he already did or was going to) at this rate I know to always skip to a minute in now to get past the barely relevant old timey clips
As a very amateur armchair writer I kinda already figured out that if the moon’s surface is stable enough, it’d be needed as a larger/more permanent station that’d basically become a port and staging point for future missions. Aside from how long it takes to reach the outer edges of the solar system with our current technology (which probably won’t be made that much faster, even with using celestial bodies to slingshot astronauts), the biggest obstacle to more hands-on exploration has to do with how much fuel, rations, and other supplies a shuttle can carry and still reach escape velocity. BUT-move a good deal of these supplies to the Moon gradually to pick up later, and suddenly it (theoretically) becomes far more feasible. (There’s also no biology to hurt on the moon with repeat launches, unlike Earth.) So, for just being able to explore, say, Mars and Mercury and various Asteroid Belt objects and other celestial bodies like nearby moons and maybe even comets? Yeah we’d need the moon as a port. The moon is also a conveniently located place to try and test things to set up actual colonies for astronauts (NOT YOU, BILLIONAIRE TOURISTS) to have longer extended stays outside Earth’s atmosphere than what we can currently do with the ISS (radiation shielding, artificial gravity, actual agriculture with hydroponics and poop-fertilized soil verses testing with a few plants). Because forget a Mars Station/Colony-we gotta figure this out before sending anyone further than Earth’s orbit and the moon. - …THAT, and who cares how “practical” it is. If we cared about practicality beyond the logistics to plan to study things outside Earth’s gravity…let’s be honest. I don’t think space exploration would even exist. (And, well. I just think the moon is Neat)
I hope one day space travel is cheap enough for regular people. Like, a couple grand to go up into orbit. Instead of buying a new car, you could go to the moon.
@@KanishQQuotes You don’t get to be a billionaire with out hoarding wealth via tax evasion and treating your employees like shit and throwing lawyers against everyone (‘cause by then that is “cheaper” than paying the damn back taxes and everyone a fair wage and medical insurance…which would still leave them very wealthy with hundreds of millions of dirty money.) These asshats also didn’t train, and they have nothing to contribute to the on going research and repairs at the ISS. It’s an insult to the astronauts stuck with their spoiled rich asses. Imagine instead how much more research would’ve been done if these dragons hadn’t robbed their workers of their wages and don’t even allow “unscheduled” bathroom breaks-which can and will destroy your kidneys, btw. This is the same shit companies exporting their labor to other countries with non existent labor and environmental laws (or poorly enforced ones) get away with-and now Amazon’s doing it in the US (and WILL get That Bad if nothing stops him) because he’s now obscenely wealthy enough to get away with it via lawyers and firing everyone who attempts to unionize for their already established rights under US labor laws (which retail and distribution break all the time even when workers can unionize; and managers being forced to work 13 hr/5-6 day shifts on salary cannot unionize even in companies (like UPS and Fedex) who do have unions) Billionaires are PARASITES.
My mother walked by and normally she is not really interested in what I watched, yet she sat down for a good chunk of this video. Finding it interesting.
You produced an excellent video. It is compares favorably to the best science shows on the PBS network. You have successfully explained and explored both the terrestrial geography and the extraterrestrial geographies on the same TH-cam channel. My one constructive criticism would be to have introductory music and video for no longer than 30 seconds before the actual unique content of your production begins. The brief attention grabing opening to the PBS Nova series is a good example of an introduction that draws the audience in rather than having them click away.
I agree. The two minutes at the beginning of the video felt very long (partly because of the music and the beginning footage not being easily decipherable).
Have to say I love the retro science videos you use so often, they add a certain flare that can't be beat. Excellent work as always. And happy holidays all.
once again amazing video and what a treat to get to see it on christmas too! :D All your space videos are definitely incredible and your Areography video is one of my favorite videos of yours so far. I just love learning about the interesting names we have given these alien landscapes and features and I could stare at those elevation maps for hours looking at all the little details. The idea of the earth and moon forming into 2 equally sized planets both with their own biology and living alongside each other yet completely separate is fascinating and a sci-fi story waiting to be written! Unless someone has already done that in which case I need to find it asap! Also, nice detail with the laser-like, ice cracking sound effects in the background of Europa's footage :D Wishing you and your family a wonderful christmas!
The idea of essentially 2 earths orbiting eachother both with life is an astounding proposition, will all sort of potential if both developed intelligent life and societies at the same time. But as an engineer there are a few concerns for such a system that would need to be calculated, 1 the correct orbital distance for the planets to not gravitationally ravage eachother with tidal forces, 2 how long until they tidally lock eachother (the moon is currently locked so that 1 face always looks at the earth), 3 what would the combined magnetic fields look like and what effect would that have on the planets. Of course once you no all the consequences you could write an amazing book on it, assuming that the resultant effects of this contrived system still allow for life.
@@jasonreed7522 i mean does it matter if theyre tidally locked? theyll still rotate relative to the sun, though there might be some weird ocean behavior.
@@dane1382 i know that a single planet locked to the sun is theorized to be habitable. I also know that the tides are considered to have been very important in early life developing and getting on land. The main question is if you tidally lock before life has a chance to evolve how does that effect the odds that it can in the future. In this senario the 2 planets locking with eachother would mean the only tides are from the sun and would go from being 6 hour cycles (24/4) to 1/4 of the orbital period which i will assume is 1 month. This would definitely impact some of the ocean ecology, but how exactly is a facinating question. Another thing is that our moon is covered in very large craters, some of which represent mass extinction level impacts, it also has stabilized the tilt of the axis which keeps seasons consistent. (I assume this effect would stay true for the 2 planet system)
"Is the Moon worth to study for? " nothing in this universe is not worth to study. Even something small like human and animal behaviours, thought, and even stupidity is worth to study. Merry Christmas Atlas Pro!
It's also worth noting that if our Moon were much smaller, we wouldn't exist as a species, and Earth would be a very different place, most likely only with pond scum for life. This is because the Moon's gravity holds the Earth upright, and only allows its axis of rotation to wobble, ensuring almost the entire planet gets the Sun's rays each day. Without the Moon's massive size, the Earth would periodically tip on its back, and expose one hemisphere continuously to the full force of the Sun's rays. The effect would be to prevent complex life ever leaving the oceans, and most likely never developing. Also, without the massive iron core of Thea, the impactor which created the Moon we know today, our Earth would not have a large enough iron core to create the huge magnetic field which protects our atmosphere, and the Sun would long ago have reduced the atmospheric pressure on the surface to zero. And perhaps even more importantly; without the massive Moon and the large tides it creates, Earth's day would only be 6 hours long, and the large Intertidal Zone which allowed marine life to evolve onto land would not exist. The Earth-Moon system has such a ridiculously low chance of existing that it accounts for a large percentage of the reasons for the Rare Earth Hypothesis. And let's make no mistake here; the solution to the Fermi Paradox could easily be the rarity of Earth-Moon systems which remain sufficiently stable for 4,000,000,000 years.
Is there any evidence that this tipping effect has ever happened on the other planets which lack major moons, Mercury Venus and Mars? I’m not convinced, it’s not something I’ve ever heard of before.
This video was amazing! I like how he cleverly also covered Europa and Io, two of the other most interesting planetary bodies:) I think there is still a point in covering some more, but maybe in a bit shorter videos: Pluto and Charon as a double dwarf system with some interesting interplay and geographic/atmospheric features. Arrokoth (aka Ultima Thule) as a really bizzare example for a smaller body, maybe together with other interesting examples of asteroids from wich we have closer knowledge of.
Pluto and Charon is a good system for contrast as the largest(but 2nd most massive) and 5th largest(&fifth most massive) dwarf planets known. On the subject of dwarf planets Ceres would definitely be worth a discussion as well given the presence of water based volcanism and or clay rich cryovolcanoes. The one lone towering young volcano really produces a stark relief compared to all the older effectively weathered away mountains and there is also Occator Crater. Titan is also a particularly natural target given how both alien and yet familiar its landscapes are. Also he totally dismissed Ganymede sure its surface is kind of boring but it has its own magnetosphere like Mercury Earth and the giant planets no other moon has that quality. Sure there are induced magnetospheres around other moons but those aren't internally driven and thus vary with the parent magnetosphere that generated them rather than being independent of them. It even has its own aurorae. All 3 of the inner Galilean moons are tidally heated by their Laplace resonance (which is the main culprit for heating as it causes the moons orbits to elongate and Jupiter's tides circularize their orbits continuously). Triton would also be a fascinating subject but sadly too little is known about it....
I'm really curious about what will happen to human bodies as societies become more permanent settlements. How will lunar gravity affect human growth and evolution? Will speciation occur among the lunar population diverging from the earth population? What would that do to our relationship with the lunar population? Will wars be fought, or will they declare independence from the earth?
Lunar Snowpiercer: Run high speed rail on a circular track to generate any sort of g force that you want. With relatively easy cryogenic cooling for superconducting magnets, combined with nuclear power or photovoltaics near the poles.
In the short story "All Tomorrows," the Martians and Earthlings eventually engineer themselves into new beings (Star People), so that evolutionary and cultural drift is dampened. This way they'll avoid conflict, like they did when the Martians diverged from the Earthlings and wanted autonomy. While it was just a quick short story without intricate details, I feel something like this is the most likely solution. In a world where humans are desperate to not only be treated equal but *_literally_* equal, it almost seems like we'll creep into a time when we just engineer ourselves to all be more or less the exact same. Why argue gender is a social construct when you can just engineer it out of existence, for example?
Oh my, watch The Expanse series or read the books or listen to the audiobooks. It goes to great lengths to show the differences between a space-faring group of humans and those on different planets. From physiology to culture. As well as the effects of technology on society.
At this point in time we have zero knowledge about the effects on the human body of refused gravity. We have data points. 1 gee and zero gee. At the points in between. We have zero data. And by now we could have at least some data. Do any harmful effects dissipate quickly as the acceleration increases. Is it a straight line from 0 to 1G. Is it a shallow curve that rises rapidly as we approach 1G. The thing is we could have had answers to some of this if we really wanted to. We could have built small habitat modules and run missions using Shuttle hardware. Couple two External Tanks nose on. Attach a habitat module to one of the Eternal Tanks. Transfer the test team and spin the assembly up to 1/6th G. Run the mission, despin the assembly and return the crew. Check for physiological effects. Run another mission at 1/3rd G. Doing this we could of had at least some data as to long term effects of reduced gravity. Why we didn't do this I put down to timidity on NASA's part and budget watchdogs in Congress. William Proxmire actually introduced legislation to specifically bar NASA from using External Tanks for any reason post launch.
Everything is worth learning more about. And we're just happy to be along for the ride. So yes, definitely a great video, and yup, Io for the next one is a good option. Keep up the good work!
18:35 The 'selene' part here is the prefix (or one of them anyway) for the moon's naming system. 'Geo' really only refers to things on Earth so this is technically Selenography. I don't hold it against you for titling it geography though, it's only really a technical difference
love seeing clips from those old documentaries, just shows how much we already knew and sadly how little progress we have made in that time into making some of those ideas a reality. Great work!
I think one of the greatest challenges with colonising the moon would be the lunar regolith itself. I remember someone mentioning that the static clinging regolith to the astronauts, the lander, and the instrumentation caused no end of problems that hadn't been adequately predicted for the mission. Even on subsequent missions the regolith continued to cause problems even with experience of it. It got in the astronauts eyes, messed with seals, dirtied camera lenses, large quantities got inside the lander just by clinging to the outside of the suits and got in every crevice in the control panels. Essentially, everything on the moon is going to get clogged by dust, and every moving part is going to get grit in it. It would be very difficult to keep any facility clean enough to achieve the level of workmanship required for further space travel.
After I discovered this channel, I am recommending this channel to my friends who are into geography. This channel is so underrated!! Deserves more subscribers.
What you said in the last 2 minutes, is what I've been saying for YEARS!! The Moon is incredibly important to our future. It is literally our first stepping stone to a space faring civilization. And we could've done it by now. We could be doing it now... instead of trying to get to Mars, we could be building bases on the Moon.
As someone born in 1991, I've seen footage of the Moon my entire life. I don't take it for granted, I think it's an unfathomable achievement. But it gets repetitive to see dudes jumping in Moon's low gravity after a while. You explaining where the footage was taken really helped me put in context what is going on with those hopping around. Thank you!
I'm 26 right now. It's absolutely incredible for me to think that by the time I'm 46, there will probably be permanent lunar bases. Absolutely mindblowing
Please continue making these videos! They're supremely well done and researched and as a result very informative. For me personally this particular one gave me a new perspective that I didn't have before and that's one of the greatest gifts. Thank you for that!
It may have taken you much longer than other videos but the mars video impressed me like no other similar video has before either. And I'm happy to say that you've continued that trend with this video.
a moon base would require a lot of asteroid watching. as even the smallest of asteroid debris (that would burn up on earth) could destroy a vital part of a base
Hi Atlas Pro, huge fan of your work, just wanted to feed back a little. In your last few videos you've used large sections of archival footage in your editing, and while it's fascinating when directly applicable (e.g. 22:40), I find much of it slows down your videos and ultimately just means getting up to fast forward until you speak (e.g. the first two minutes of this one). I'm here for your knowledge and insights after all! I don't speak for everyone though and everyone has their own style but just thought I'd give you my two cents on it as I've really enjoyed seeing your style develop.
Thank you for giving me a better understanding of the surface of the moon. Soon, we will have various stations distributed about the moon leading to, hopefully, some sort of colonization. However, like you said, it will make a great leaping-off point to other planets such as Mars. I'm glad you spent a generous amount off time comparing other moons in our solar system. I look forward to viewing more of your videos.
I love your Mars and Venus geography videos, so I am glad another is added to that list! However, I am not really sure why the most requested Celestial Body for you to analyze is the Moon. Here is a vote to more indepthly looking at the Jovinian moons in a future video. They have always been far more intriguing to me.
5:50 Technically, the Moon would only be the second biggest relative to its parent planet. Charon holds the title of biggest moon relative to planet at roughly half the size of Pluto. But of course Pluto isn't a planet anymore, and the sizes of Pluto and Charon are close enough that they could be better described as binary planets rather than as a planet-moon system, so sure Earth's Moon wins by a technicality.
there’s a lot more that can be said about the moon. Especially its influence on the earth. stabilizing our axial tilt, the tides,, influence on our rotational speed, etc. Why is the far side so different from the close side. Water ice in polar craters. Moon quakes. What fun it would be to romp around in one sixth Earth gravity. Advantages of having astronomical instruments on the far side. And what about some of the strange things the Chinese have found there? and more…….
I'm pretty sure you already get this question but this video only makes me more curious about it. I remember when New Horizons flew past Pluto, everyone was shocked. The surface was fresh and changing. That's different about Pluto compared to our moon and, say, Mercury?
Please do a video on the weird geography of the Uranus' moon Miranda. While other moons are active, Miranda is unusual despite not having gravitational interactions as strong as what Io or Europa face.
I'm watching the astronauts bounce around the lunar surface and I start to wish I could do the same. Then the claustrophobic in me starts to think about what it's like in that suit. 😟 Then I think about the fact that if something goes wrong there's little chance of getting help. That's when I come to the conclusion that I'm happy here on Earth. Still, lots to explore here. 😄 Love the video and I can't wait to see what's next!
Jonathan - depending on how old you are, you just might get to be a tourist or even scientist on the Moon sometime. I expect the Technological Singularity to provide for some "interesting" possibilities. One thing - "methusalarity" or "longevity escape velocity". Another - post scarcity civilization, which might include multiple, serial careers. The people who will be working on the Moon sometime in The Future may just stay "inside" and use telepresence robots with immersive virtual reality.
@@robertgraybeard3750 If they can get the space cable figured out the construction and resupply of off world projects would be more feasible. With telepresence so advanced it shouldn't be hard to get it working between the two. A Starlink system could help with connectivity.
@@Jonathan.D - A space elevator for the Moon, with one sixth the gravity of the Earth, is possible. Check Lipt Port Group and their website and TH-cam videos. A space elevator for the Earth, that swings around in a day with the counterweight out at 60,000 km is less likely. At least Isaac Arthur thinks so. But what he - and I agree with him - expects is an orbital ring with elevators all around the Earth. And then rockets to commute between them. The orbital ring will have to be made from material brought to LEO from the Moon and asteroids. Telepresence robots might run into trouble with a speed of light delay so the operators should be "close". I hope you and all of us have a good future.
@@robertgraybeard3750 There was a challenge to find a material that could be strung between the Earth and an object in space. The problem is that they can't find anything strong enough to not break due to its own weight. Even if they got something that didn't break the required space object would be so big it would cause issues with Earth's gravitational field. Kind of like changing the moon's orbit. Reminds me of that crazy idea of using a large asteroid as a space anchor for a floating building in the sky. Sadly, it's not even the craziest idea that people think is possible. Floating colonies in Venus's atmosphere comes to mind.
An interesting video, but it lacked any mention at all of the theoretical creation of the moon, causing the back side of the moon to have a much different, thicker, lighter and smoother crust, due to the lack of volcanic activity that is prevalent on the visible side of the moon. Personally, I find the Earth's moon to be one of the most interesting and intriguing of all the celestial bodies in our solar system, because without our moon, life on Earth would not/could not exist, not the life we know, anyway.
Small suggestion, inspired by what I've seen on another channel: If you show CGI or Art please mark it in the video. Many people will not know if 3:45 is real or CGI.
There's still one overarching issue with human populations living on the moon. How does low-gravity effect the development/growth of a human child? Without artificial gravity, the Moon and other exoplanets smaller than Earth will either remain out of reach, or force us to change in ways that make it very difficult to go back home. Without a child bearing population, the entire colony has an expiration date.
You spin a room you got full gravity, it won't effect you unless you land on earth with out experiencing full g for a long period of time. Essentially what you will have is an eventual problem.
@@nothuman3083 You don't think that's more of a design for an orbital spacecraft? I'm not saying it wouldn't work, but we're gonna run into issues designing that kind of system for an surface/underground facility, especially when people are coming in/out of it throughout the day.
Beautiful video, it actually bought tears to my eyes at the potential the moon has to offer and our place with it. I know it's hard but please don't stop making planetary bodies videos. There just to good, and so are you. A joy to watch.
life is beautiful. it spreads beauty like a fungus along the galaxy. and its really poetic. also i seriously believe we will prefer these kinds of planets and moons to colonise. its like would you rather have a neutral planet with nothing really on it but nothing bad about it, or a planet with lots of reasources, life and sustainable things but its also extremely dangerous.
@Fred Nurke by fungus I mean it grows. Also you seriously don't know what beautfi means. It isn't visually appealing. Beauty can be audio or just general... I don't know how to explain it. Things are satisfying and beautiful and so feeling like yes this exists I'm happy it does
Great video as always Atlas Pro! Constructive feedback: video introduction was too long imo and music tended to be loud enough to cover up your dialogue.
Interesting as always. Random question: In most Dungeons and Dragons worlds, there are large cave systems. Large enough for cities and nations. How unlikely are such massive underground spaces on an Earth like world?
That's probably a function of gravity and precipitation/erosive forces. Higher gravity means underground voids can grow as large before collapsing on themselves, whereas lower gravity would allow larger voids, but wouldn't create as dense of a rock layer. Also low gravity worlds are unlikely to have a precipitation cycle since that tends to require enough gravity to hold an atmosphere.
That is an interesting question. My guess is the best bet are dormant lava tubes similar to the rille mentioned in the video. I think volcanism is just a more common thing in space than something like hydrological activity that usually forms caves here on Earth. Maybe there could be cave systems made by liquid sulfuric acid like on Venus or liquid methane like on Titan. The only other thing I could think of that could form caves could be liquid ammonia but pretty much any liquid is capable of forming caves in large enough quantities I think.
Well there's actually gaint amounts of water underneath the crust. There's spaces between molten rock and water molten water. So depending on your definition of caves or underground seas.
It is odd that even after researching your video, you call the Moon "a cold dead world". In fact, the surface of the moon varies from 127 to -175 degrees C depending on the time of the Luna day. Days are very long and hot. Nights are similarly long and extremely cold. Anything in the shade is very cold. The lunar surface is heated by radiation, and there is no atmosphere to buffer or distribute the radiative heating. It's effect is extreme: objects transition nearly 300 degrees C at the terminator of the Sun's rays - a tremendously aggressive expansion/contraction cycle across a very small area which must be accounted for in any equipment intended for use by people on the Moon. Only on average is the Moon our closest cosmic neighbour. There are some Near Earth Objects (NEOs) with orbits which dip inside the 800,000km diameter sphere of the Lunar orbit around Earth.
Seems hards as it's extremely small,gravity doesn't seem strong enough to be suitable for a "terran" way of living. Also I think it couldn't keep a decent atmosphere at all. Even if it could it doesn't have a magnetic field,so it would get destroyed by solar winds and radiation. Even surpassing these difficulties another question appears,why? Changing like that our cosmic buddy seems like a gigantic moral problem on it's own.
You don't seem to comprehend that exploration is its own goal. The physical act of exploring drives technology development, which advances society over time. It doesn't matter where you explore, or what you explore, because the benefits of exploration begin at home: every single dollar spent on exploration stays on Earth, AND in the country which funds the exploration. And so it is exploration and exploitation, which are the hallmarks of human behaviour: traits bred into us half a million years before we became h.sapiens! "There's got to be some reason you spent all that money exploring X." Yes. The reason was to explore it. And so exploration is the greatest self-fulfilling activity of all time, and why humans are so keen on it: even if you fail, you have been successful -- you went exploring!
*Merry Christmas, Caelan!!! Good video, indeed, and congratulations for (almost) 1M followers!* I'm speaking from the Moon. Here we also celebrate Christmas, like you, earthling creatures!!! We don't know what Geography is, but we do know you really like us. Here comes silicium dust kisses to all of you! 😁
The moon is literally just parts of old earth and a planet called theia that crashed into old earth causing the piece to form together due to gravity and turn into what's now the moon
This channel is like a gold mine for those into geography
A gold mine is like a gold mine for those into geography
Into geography biology ecology and a little bit economy.
I like sandwiches but this channel is still pretty great
Not gold mine it is *HEAVEN*
Who would’ve thought with a name like atlas pro?
It's incredible to me that people actually walked on the moon. Imagine looking up at the moon and remembering the time you were there. Insane
Food was good, but no atmosphere. Won't recommend 1/5.
@@aaronseet2738 lovely selection of cheeses, unfortunately no crackers were provided
Low gravity was fun, exquisite terrain and amazing service. Unfortunately, I was burned to death by the Sun. 1/10 wouldn't try again
@@vivanillah07 Lmfao
Enjoyable at best, was immensely boring and sometimes I would be electrocuted from nothing. So I would say about 3/10
ive never really thought about it but its kind of incredible how the moon is basically a time capsule showing us every single crater that's ever hit it during its entire existence, unlike earth where the changing surface eventually erases the craters. Its also impressive just how big some of the objects that impacted the moon are.
Our atmosphere really helps us a lot when it comes to breaking up comets and asteroids crashing into earth
Just imagine the metals from asteroids we might discover.
- without being precooked by our atmosphere.
what's crazy too is this works on all cratered worlds, so craters can even tell us about the history of Ganymede or Mars and so on.
Not every single crater. There have to been a large number of smaller craters that have been erased by larger impacts.
@@Permuh
Once they get above a certain size the atmosphere does very little to attenuate the impact events. For smaller bodies the size will vary. Iron/nickel can reach the surface easily. For stony bodies or chunks of ice fortunately they seem to explode in the upper atmosphere. But if something that comes around the size of Tunguska over an urban area. That will be a bad day. A couple of years ago there was an explosion of a stony meteor or chunk of ice over the Bering Sea. No one knew about it until several days later when somebody noticed on images from a weather satellite.
Gotta love the optimism of the mid-20th century documentaries..
Understandable given the sky seemed to be the limit and the cold war gave a false sense of greater unity.
These guys won world war two in their youth, got to go to college, have homes and careers. Meaningful work and a good life will make optimism easy
@@vincentcleaver1925 well by the point of the moon landing some of the Boomers were teenagers and had fought to end segregation. It wasn't until the 70s that one of their many countercultural strains started to take hold of them. Yes, Neoliberalism was countercultural at one point.
It's kind of weird how that won out.
NASA had close to 5% of the federal budget in the late 60s. The half of 1% they worked with in the 90s and 00s emphasized telescopes and terrestrial research.
@@Xo-3130 And now liberals are trying to bring that segregation back, kind of weird how that came full circle.
As Buzz Aldrin said of the Moon’s surface, “Magnificent desolation.”
The moons geography may be dead but man am I glad that this series is not:)
Merry Christmas Atlas Pro and all who watch this videos!
nest, Ganymede and Triton !
I can’t believe you didn’t even talk about the rabbit on the moon.
Thanks for the video and Merry Christmas.🎅
Rabbit Amogus
I prefer the rabbit over the man. (Especially since the rabbit can be observed in either hemisphere, while the man is upside down and therefore not really recognizable from the southern hemisphere.) Well, that and rabbits are cuter than “Scrooge eating a lemon.”
Yes, I remember that from OG Dragon Ball
Sailor Moon 🐇 🌙
no there is a man on the moon
These old clips that you have added in these videos are really amazing. It makes the video more interesting
I hate the old audio and sound FX though, it's unpleasant to my hearing and definitely does not age well.
It reminds me of the old projector videos we would watch in school with the cassette player doing the audio from the back of the room!
@@danelynch7171
…that…may be why I dislike this new format to the point I skip it sometimes. (That and the Earth-ones are often…pretty underlyingly racist. “Noble Savages” or seem to be implying blame on countries that are sites of international wealthy country’s commercialism’s neo colonialism literally wrecking their environments ‘cause it’s “cheaper” to manufacture there…nevermind how poorly the humans are being treated…)
@@anonymousfellow8879 to each their own brother.
@@Napoleonic_Ssame
I'm at work and will watch this later, just have to say: Atlas Pro, I discovered your channel January 2020 and in the two years since have learned so much from your content and look forward to your videos about as much as any content on the web. Keep up the good work, brother.
Has anyone thought the complexity of trying to move humans into another planet. It's hard to plan and move to another country, or another continent. It was hard to go to orbit. It was hard to go to the moon. It was hard to go and actually land on the moon. The complexity of trying to move some humans to the moon and the plan for the future to hold and create live there is huge. Really looking forward to this, even if I'm dead by then.
It's why the first missions should start with robots to build the infrastructure and what not. Groups like NASA, Mars First and individuals like Musk are way to "idealistic" (stupidly caught up in a sci-fi story) to realize that.
@@Xo-3130 I wouldn't put NASA in that basket. Pretty sure they aren't planning on making a colony on Mars like the other two are anytime soon, or any similar grandiose fantasy as that. Mars will be a scientific outpost and that's all it ever feasibly can be in the near and even far future, NASA is taking all the steps properly to get to that, starting with the Artemis program.
As I like to say, humans can't even colonise Antarctica or the ocean. Idk what makes them think they can conquer a whole different world with its own set of foreign extremes that'll make Antarctica and the ocean look like a ball pit.
Just like trying to move villagers in to the end outer islands with a boat
To bad it’ll never happen and the earth is flat
You missed a bit when talking about why Io and Europa are highly geologically active, they're active in large part because the Jovian moons constrain each other in eccentric orbits, which is where the constantly shifting tidal forces that heat them up come from. If you then extrapolate that on your subsequent idea of more mass being torn from the Earth and into the Moon, you could instead imagine just a small amount of mass going into a second moon instead, and the two of them influencing each other in a way comparable to the Jovian moons.
I love the short clips from old documentaries interspersed throughout! My only real suggestion would be to cut back (or out) the very long intro clip which kicked off this video and the last several you've uploaded. I found it hard to stay invested until the end of the clip and I'm already a big fan of your channel! I would expect a lot of potential viewers to bounce after a minute or so. Otherwise, I think you presented a wonderful wealth of information in a really engaging way! Count me as someone enthusiastic for using the moon to further human exploration: it's already dead, and it's ours anyway, haha
Bro you can skip it lmao.
@@HateTheIRS but someone who has never watched this channel before might just click off instead of bothering to skip ahead because the video didn't grab their attention straight away
@@HateTheIRS have you ever clicked away from a video because the first 2 full minutes didn't seem interesting? of course you have
moon footage is cool but doesn't have anything to do with the title and it takes longer than most people have attention spans for nowadays
@@whoeveriam0iam14222 tbf, people with short attention spans aren't really the target audience for a 30 minute youtube documentary. Of course the title of the video will grab their attention, but the slow pace might not be to their liking anyways.
I can focus for a long time on something that interests me but I have to be invested first so if I was a new viewer I would've clicked away. I let it play for a little bit but got frustrated that nothing had started yet and fast-forwarded through it and all the other ambiance clips (so not the ones from the actual astronauts just the ones saying things he already did or was going to) at this rate I know to always skip to a minute in now to get past the barely relevant old timey clips
The fact that we went to places on the moon like this is amazing. I feel like people only think about the first time, but we kept exploring.
As a very amateur armchair writer I kinda already figured out that if the moon’s surface is stable enough, it’d be needed as a larger/more permanent station that’d basically become a port and staging point for future missions. Aside from how long it takes to reach the outer edges of the solar system with our current technology (which probably won’t be made that much faster, even with using celestial bodies to slingshot astronauts), the biggest obstacle to more hands-on exploration has to do with how much fuel, rations, and other supplies a shuttle can carry and still reach escape velocity. BUT-move a good deal of these supplies to the Moon gradually to pick up later, and suddenly it (theoretically) becomes far more feasible. (There’s also no biology to hurt on the moon with repeat launches, unlike Earth.)
So, for just being able to explore, say, Mars and Mercury and various Asteroid Belt objects and other celestial bodies like nearby moons and maybe even comets? Yeah we’d need the moon as a port. The moon is also a conveniently located place to try and test things to set up actual colonies for astronauts (NOT YOU, BILLIONAIRE TOURISTS) to have longer extended stays outside Earth’s atmosphere than what we can currently do with the ISS (radiation shielding, artificial gravity, actual agriculture with hydroponics and poop-fertilized soil verses testing with a few plants). Because forget a Mars Station/Colony-we gotta figure this out before sending anyone further than Earth’s orbit and the moon.
-
…THAT, and who cares how “practical” it is. If we cared about practicality beyond the logistics to plan to study things outside Earth’s gravity…let’s be honest. I don’t think space exploration would even exist. (And, well. I just think the moon is Neat)
I don't mind billionaire space tourists, if their money helps fund the research and improve the technologies
I hope one day space travel is cheap enough for regular people. Like, a couple grand to go up into orbit. Instead of buying a new car, you could go to the moon.
Tldr
@@KanishQQuotes
You don’t get to be a billionaire with out hoarding wealth via tax evasion and treating your employees like shit and throwing lawyers against everyone (‘cause by then that is “cheaper” than paying the damn back taxes and everyone a fair wage and medical insurance…which would still leave them very wealthy with hundreds of millions of dirty money.)
These asshats also didn’t train, and they have nothing to contribute to the on going research and repairs at the ISS. It’s an insult to the astronauts stuck with their spoiled rich asses.
Imagine instead how much more research would’ve been done if these dragons hadn’t robbed their workers of their wages and don’t even allow “unscheduled” bathroom breaks-which can and will destroy your kidneys, btw. This is the same shit companies exporting their labor to other countries with non existent labor and environmental laws (or poorly enforced ones) get away with-and now Amazon’s doing it in the US (and WILL get That Bad if nothing stops him) because he’s now obscenely wealthy enough to get away with it via lawyers and firing everyone who attempts to unionize for their already established rights under US labor laws (which retail and distribution break all the time even when workers can unionize; and managers being forced to work 13 hr/5-6 day shifts on salary cannot unionize even in companies (like UPS and Fedex) who do have unions)
Billionaires are PARASITES.
@@anonymousfellow8879 I agree
My mother walked by and normally she is not really interested in what I watched, yet she sat down for a good chunk of this video. Finding it interesting.
You produced an excellent video. It is compares favorably to the best science shows on the PBS network. You have successfully explained and explored both the terrestrial geography and the extraterrestrial geographies on the same TH-cam channel. My one constructive criticism would be to have introductory music and video for no longer than 30 seconds before the actual unique content of your production begins. The brief attention grabing opening to the PBS Nova series is a good example of an introduction that draws the audience in rather than having them click away.
I agree. The two minutes at the beginning of the video felt very long (partly because of the music and the beginning footage not being easily decipherable).
That's a very subjective, stylistic suggestion. I had no problem with the intro
Have to say I love the retro science videos you use so often, they add a certain flare that can't be beat. Excellent work as always. And happy holidays all.
No way it said I got to this upload 27 seconds after it dropped, watch out atlas pro, for much like the continents I get ever closer
i could listen to your voice forever and never get bored
once again amazing video and what a treat to get to see it on christmas too! :D All your space videos are definitely incredible and your Areography video is one of my favorite videos of yours so far. I just love learning about the interesting names we have given these alien landscapes and features and I could stare at those elevation maps for hours looking at all the little details.
The idea of the earth and moon forming into 2 equally sized planets both with their own biology and living alongside each other yet completely separate is fascinating and a sci-fi story waiting to be written! Unless someone has already done that in which case I need to find it asap!
Also, nice detail with the laser-like, ice cracking sound effects in the background of Europa's footage :D
Wishing you and your family a wonderful christmas!
The idea of essentially 2 earths orbiting eachother both with life is an astounding proposition, will all sort of potential if both developed intelligent life and societies at the same time.
But as an engineer there are a few concerns for such a system that would need to be calculated, 1 the correct orbital distance for the planets to not gravitationally ravage eachother with tidal forces, 2 how long until they tidally lock eachother (the moon is currently locked so that 1 face always looks at the earth), 3 what would the combined magnetic fields look like and what effect would that have on the planets.
Of course once you no all the consequences you could write an amazing book on it, assuming that the resultant effects of this contrived system still allow for life.
@@jasonreed7522 i mean does it matter if theyre tidally locked? theyll still rotate relative to the sun, though there might be some weird ocean behavior.
@@dane1382 i know that a single planet locked to the sun is theorized to be habitable. I also know that the tides are considered to have been very important in early life developing and getting on land. The main question is if you tidally lock before life has a chance to evolve how does that effect the odds that it can in the future.
In this senario the 2 planets locking with eachother would mean the only tides are from the sun and would go from being 6 hour cycles (24/4) to 1/4 of the orbital period which i will assume is 1 month. This would definitely impact some of the ocean ecology, but how exactly is a facinating question.
Another thing is that our moon is covered in very large craters, some of which represent mass extinction level impacts, it also has stabilized the tilt of the axis which keeps seasons consistent. (I assume this effect would stay true for the 2 planet system)
@@jasonreed7522 Either that you are Impress/ Dissapoints here, Even though its about the Video
@@dane1382 Fine to be Complements & Insults now by someone else.
"Is the Moon worth to study for? " nothing in this universe is not worth to study. Even something small like human and animal behaviours, thought, and even stupidity is worth to study.
Merry Christmas Atlas Pro!
bra, get over yourself
I WISH stupidity in the human species was only a "small" thing!!🤦🏻♀️
I've been putting these videos on to go to sleep, in addition to watching them normally. You have a really soothing and pleasant voice
It's also worth noting that if our Moon were much smaller, we wouldn't exist as a species, and Earth would be a very different place, most likely only with pond scum for life. This is because the Moon's gravity holds the Earth upright, and only allows its axis of rotation to wobble, ensuring almost the entire planet gets the Sun's rays each day.
Without the Moon's massive size, the Earth would periodically tip on its back, and expose one hemisphere continuously to the full force of the Sun's rays. The effect would be to prevent complex life ever leaving the oceans, and most likely never developing.
Also, without the massive iron core of Thea, the impactor which created the Moon we know today, our Earth would not have a large enough iron core to create the huge magnetic field which protects our atmosphere, and the Sun would long ago have reduced the atmospheric pressure on the surface to zero.
And perhaps even more importantly; without the massive Moon and the large tides it creates, Earth's day would only be 6 hours long, and the large Intertidal Zone which allowed marine life to evolve onto land would not exist.
The Earth-Moon system has such a ridiculously low chance of existing that it accounts for a large percentage of the reasons for the Rare Earth Hypothesis. And let's make no mistake here; the solution to the Fermi Paradox could easily be the rarity of Earth-Moon systems which remain sufficiently stable for 4,000,000,000 years.
Brilliant.
source: dude trust me bro
Is there any evidence that this tipping effect has ever happened on the other planets which lack major moons, Mercury Venus and Mars? I’m not convinced, it’s not something I’ve ever heard of before.
This video was amazing! I like how he cleverly also covered Europa and Io, two of the other most interesting planetary bodies:)
I think there is still a point in covering some more, but maybe in a bit shorter videos:
Pluto and Charon as a double dwarf system with some interesting interplay and geographic/atmospheric features.
Arrokoth (aka Ultima Thule) as a really bizzare example for a smaller body, maybe together with other interesting examples of asteroids from wich we have closer knowledge of.
Pluto and Charon is a good system for contrast as the largest(but 2nd most massive) and 5th largest(&fifth most massive) dwarf planets known.
On the subject of dwarf planets Ceres would definitely be worth a discussion as well given the presence of water based volcanism and or clay rich cryovolcanoes. The one lone towering young volcano really produces a stark relief compared to all the older effectively weathered away mountains and there is also Occator Crater.
Titan is also a particularly natural target given how both alien and yet familiar its landscapes are.
Also he totally dismissed Ganymede sure its surface is kind of boring but it has its own magnetosphere like Mercury Earth and the giant planets no other moon has that quality. Sure there are induced magnetospheres around other moons but those aren't internally driven and thus vary with the parent magnetosphere that generated them rather than being independent of them. It even has its own aurorae. All 3 of the inner Galilean moons are tidally heated by their Laplace resonance (which is the main culprit for heating as it causes the moons orbits to elongate and Jupiter's tides circularize their orbits continuously).
Triton would also be a fascinating subject but sadly too little is known about it....
I'm really curious about what will happen to human bodies as societies become more permanent settlements. How will lunar gravity affect human growth and evolution? Will speciation occur among the lunar population diverging from the earth population? What would that do to our relationship with the lunar population? Will wars be fought, or will they declare independence from the earth?
Lunar Snowpiercer: Run high speed rail on a circular track to generate any sort of g force that you want. With relatively easy cryogenic cooling for superconducting magnets, combined with nuclear power or photovoltaics near the poles.
In the short story "All Tomorrows," the Martians and Earthlings eventually engineer themselves into new beings (Star People), so that evolutionary and cultural drift is dampened. This way they'll avoid conflict, like they did when the Martians diverged from the Earthlings and wanted autonomy.
While it was just a quick short story without intricate details, I feel something like this is the most likely solution.
In a world where humans are desperate to not only be treated equal but *_literally_* equal, it almost seems like we'll creep into a time when we just engineer ourselves to all be more or less the exact same. Why argue gender is a social construct when you can just engineer it out of existence, for example?
Oh my, watch The Expanse series or read the books or listen to the audiobooks. It goes to great lengths to show the differences between a space-faring group of humans and those on different planets. From physiology to culture. As well as the effects of technology on society.
At this point in time we have zero knowledge about the effects on the human body of refused gravity. We have data points. 1 gee and zero gee. At the points in between. We have zero data. And by now we could have at least some data. Do any harmful effects dissipate quickly as the acceleration increases. Is it a straight line from 0 to 1G. Is it a shallow curve that rises rapidly as we approach 1G. The thing is we could have had answers to some of this if we really wanted to. We could have built small habitat modules and run missions using Shuttle hardware. Couple two External Tanks nose on. Attach a habitat module to one of the Eternal Tanks. Transfer the test team and spin the assembly up to 1/6th G. Run the mission, despin the assembly and return the crew. Check for physiological effects. Run another mission at 1/3rd G. Doing this we could of had at least some data as to long term effects of reduced gravity. Why we didn't do this I put down to timidity on NASA's part and budget watchdogs in Congress. William Proxmire actually introduced legislation to specifically bar NASA from using External Tanks for any reason post launch.
The answer is yes. How long is your timescale? If you aren't thinking millions of years you are not thinking ahead far enough.
The moon failed the dexterity saving throw to dodge the meteors that hit it
Man those were a lot of fails.
When you make Dex your dump stat, you get the moon.
Everything is worth learning more about. And we're just happy to be along for the ride. So yes, definitely a great video, and yup, Io for the next one is a good option. Keep up the good work!
How about a video on Io and Europa, Calysto, Ganemede, Titan ?
18:35 The 'selene' part here is the prefix (or one of them anyway) for the moon's naming system. 'Geo' really only refers to things on Earth so this is technically Selenography.
I don't hold it against you for titling it geography though, it's only really a technical difference
love seeing clips from those old documentaries, just shows how much we already knew and sadly how little progress we have made in that time into making some of those ideas a reality. Great work!
How old is the documentary? Plus what is the name of it
Every time you post a video I stop everything I do to watch it. Thank you and please keep them coming!
This video was amazing.
I think one of the greatest challenges with colonising the moon would be the lunar regolith itself. I remember someone mentioning that the static clinging regolith to the astronauts, the lander, and the instrumentation caused no end of problems that hadn't been adequately predicted for the mission. Even on subsequent missions the regolith continued to cause problems even with experience of it. It got in the astronauts eyes, messed with seals, dirtied camera lenses, large quantities got inside the lander just by clinging to the outside of the suits and got in every crevice in the control panels. Essentially, everything on the moon is going to get clogged by dust, and every moving part is going to get grit in it. It would be very difficult to keep any facility clean enough to achieve the level of workmanship required for further space travel.
Ive wanted to say this for a long time.
This channel has the best intro in all of TH-cam.
Maybe
After I discovered this channel, I am recommending this channel to my friends who are into geography. This channel is so underrated!! Deserves more subscribers.
What you said in the last 2 minutes, is what I've been saying for YEARS!!
The Moon is incredibly important to our future. It is literally our first stepping stone to a space faring civilization.
And we could've done it by now. We could be doing it now... instead of trying to get to Mars, we could be building bases on the Moon.
mars stinks
Unexpected Corridor Digital cameo was unexpected!
Would LOVE to see the space videos become an ongoing series, they're really great!
Starts: Ugh, even Atlas isnt excited about learning moonography...
Ends: The most hopeful thing I've seen all week.
As someone born in 1991, I've seen footage of the Moon my entire life. I don't take it for granted, I think it's an unfathomable achievement. But it gets repetitive to see dudes jumping in Moon's low gravity after a while.
You explaining where the footage was taken really helped me put in context what is going on with those hopping around. Thank you!
I'm 26 right now. It's absolutely incredible for me to think that by the time I'm 46, there will probably be permanent lunar bases. Absolutely mindblowing
Please continue making these videos! They're supremely well done and researched and as a result very informative. For me personally this particular one gave me a new perspective that I didn't have before and that's one of the greatest gifts. Thank you for that!
"maybe I should have made this video about IO instead"
Yeah, we'd love if you did a video on each of the Gallilean moons.
Tbh Science Documentaries in the past is kinda Creepy and Mysterious/scary lol
Analogue horror vibes
It may have taken you much longer than other videos but the mars video impressed me like no other similar video has before either. And I'm happy to say that you've continued that trend with this video.
his mars was impressive
a moon base would require a lot of asteroid watching. as even the smallest of asteroid debris (that would burn up on earth) could destroy a vital part of a base
I loved the ice sounds when Europa was introduced. Like standing on an icy lake
Id love to see videos like this on all the terrestrial planets that we know about to date, especially Titan and Mercury
Your videos really show how Geography plays a massive part when plans for certain lands are being drafted.
The old timey documentaries you include in your vid give off a good vibe actually
Your finest work. I sat here at the edge of my seat watching a 30 minute video on the moon’s surface.
Great work, super on board with more space videos, can’t wait for the next one.
Hi Atlas Pro, huge fan of your work, just wanted to feed back a little. In your last few videos you've used large sections of archival footage in your editing, and while it's fascinating when directly applicable (e.g. 22:40), I find much of it slows down your videos and ultimately just means getting up to fast forward until you speak (e.g. the first two minutes of this one). I'm here for your knowledge and insights after all! I don't speak for everyone though and everyone has their own style but just thought I'd give you my two cents on it as I've really enjoyed seeing your style develop.
Thank you for giving me a better understanding of the surface of the moon. Soon, we will have various stations distributed about the moon leading to, hopefully, some sort of colonization. However, like you said, it will make a great leaping-off point to other planets such as Mars. I'm glad you spent a generous amount off time comparing other moons in our solar system. I look forward to viewing more of your videos.
I love your Mars and Venus geography videos, so I am glad another is added to that list!
However, I am not really sure why the most requested Celestial Body for you to analyze is the Moon.
Here is a vote to more indepthly looking at the Jovinian moons in a future video. They have always been far more intriguing to me.
Thanks for your work and effort into making content.
Still a few hours before the 25th here and this piece is a great present in advance. :D
Really great video! Please make another!
5:50 Technically, the Moon would only be the second biggest relative to its parent planet. Charon holds the title of biggest moon relative to planet at roughly half the size of Pluto. But of course Pluto isn't a planet anymore, and the sizes of Pluto and Charon are close enough that they could be better described as binary planets rather than as a planet-moon system, so sure Earth's Moon wins by a technicality.
Love the use of the old documentaries 👍🏼
there’s a lot more that can be said about the moon. Especially its influence on the earth. stabilizing our axial tilt, the tides,, influence on our rotational speed, etc. Why is the far side so different from the close side. Water ice in polar craters. Moon quakes. What fun it would be to romp around in one sixth Earth gravity. Advantages of having astronomical instruments on the far side. And what about some of the strange things the Chinese have found there? and more…….
The trouble is we are dealing with a data set of 1
Thank you for making appropriate length video to go in depth on things rather than a 10 minute cliff notes type of video. You are the man!
Can't wait for the first results of the James Webb telescope!!!
Please please do more planet stuff. Really enjoyed this!!
Despite being dead, I find the moon's geography actually quite interesting. 🌕
I'm pretty sure you already get this question but this video only makes me more curious about it.
I remember when New Horizons flew past Pluto, everyone was shocked.
The surface was fresh and changing.
That's different about Pluto compared to our moon and, say, Mercury?
Please do a video on the weird geography of the Uranus' moon Miranda. While other moons are active, Miranda is unusual despite not having gravitational interactions as strong as what Io or Europa face.
i would love to see some 4k imagens of the moon with astronauts there now a days
Im a mechanical engineer, I’m not even into geography but this channel is amazing
I'm watching the astronauts bounce around the lunar surface and I start to wish I could do the same. Then the claustrophobic in me starts to think about what it's like in that suit. 😟 Then I think about the fact that if something goes wrong there's little chance of getting help. That's when I come to the conclusion that I'm happy here on Earth. Still, lots to explore here. 😄
Love the video and I can't wait to see what's next!
Jonathan - depending on how old you are, you just might get to be a tourist or even scientist on the Moon sometime. I expect the Technological Singularity to provide for some "interesting" possibilities. One thing - "methusalarity" or "longevity escape velocity". Another - post scarcity civilization, which might include multiple, serial careers.
The people who will be working on the Moon sometime in The Future may just stay "inside" and use telepresence robots with immersive virtual reality.
@@robertgraybeard3750 If they can get the space cable figured out the construction and resupply of off world projects would be more feasible. With telepresence so advanced it shouldn't be hard to get it working between the two. A Starlink system could help with connectivity.
@@Jonathan.D - A space elevator for the Moon, with one sixth the gravity of the Earth, is possible. Check Lipt Port Group and their website and TH-cam videos. A space elevator for the Earth, that swings around in a day with the counterweight out at 60,000 km is less likely. At least Isaac Arthur thinks so. But what he - and I agree with him - expects is an orbital ring with elevators all around the Earth. And then rockets to commute between them. The orbital ring will have to be made from material brought to LEO from the Moon and asteroids.
Telepresence robots might run into trouble with a speed of light delay so the operators should be "close".
I hope you and all of us have a good future.
@@robertgraybeard3750 There was a challenge to find a material that could be strung between the Earth and an object in space. The problem is that they can't find anything strong enough to not break due to its own weight. Even if they got something that didn't break the required space object would be so big it would cause issues with Earth's gravitational field. Kind of like changing the moon's orbit. Reminds me of that crazy idea of using a large asteroid as a space anchor for a floating building in the sky. Sadly, it's not even the craziest idea that people think is possible. Floating colonies in Venus's atmosphere comes to mind.
Ironic that a channel mainly about Earth’s geography would make such awesome videos about other planets :)
An interesting video, but it lacked any mention at all of the theoretical creation of the moon, causing the back side of the moon to have a much different, thicker, lighter and smoother crust, due to the lack of volcanic activity that is prevalent on the visible side of the moon. Personally, I find the Earth's moon to be one of the most interesting and intriguing of all the celestial bodies in our solar system, because without our moon, life on Earth would not/could not exist, not the life we know, anyway.
The moon does help to stabilize the earth's rotation, but it should be noted that their are other phenomenon that can have the same effect.
Lava tubes are the coolest feature of the moon. I hope we get to see someone exploring them during our lifetimes
You’re one of my favorite youtubers.
Haha you’re also VERY handsome
I love geography now and this channel is the way I "channel" my interest... you also have one of the best intro of all time
Small suggestion, inspired by what I've seen on another channel: If you show CGI or Art please mark it in the video. Many people will not know if 3:45 is real or CGI.
Common sense
Happy Christmas, Caelan
There's still one overarching issue with human populations living on the moon. How does low-gravity effect the development/growth of a human child? Without artificial gravity, the Moon and other exoplanets smaller than Earth will either remain out of reach, or force us to change in ways that make it very difficult to go back home. Without a child bearing population, the entire colony has an expiration date.
You spin a room you got full gravity, it won't effect you unless you land on earth with out experiencing full g for a long period of time. Essentially what you will have is an eventual problem.
@@nothuman3083 You don't think that's more of a design for an orbital spacecraft? I'm not saying it wouldn't work, but we're gonna run into issues designing that kind of system for an surface/underground facility, especially when people are coming in/out of it throughout the day.
The idea is it would be for the rich or important people while we deal with lol G.
Have the poor walk with mag boots.
Beautiful video, it actually bought tears to my eyes at the potential the moon has to offer and our place with it. I know it's hard but please don't stop making planetary bodies videos. There just to good, and so are you. A joy to watch.
life is beautiful. it spreads beauty like a fungus along the galaxy. and its really poetic.
also i seriously believe we will prefer these kinds of planets and moons to colonise. its like would you rather have a neutral planet with nothing really on it but nothing bad about it, or a planet with lots of reasources, life and sustainable things but its also extremely dangerous.
@Fred Nurke Many fungi are beautiful. Have you never eaten a champignon mushroom pizza? Or seen a tree with green lichen?
@Fred Nurke by fungus I mean it grows. Also you seriously don't know what beautfi means. It isn't visually appealing. Beauty can be audio or just general... I don't know how to explain it. Things are satisfying and beautiful and so feeling like yes this exists I'm happy it does
My man has impeccable taste with that Corridor Digital shirt
R.I.P geography of our moon :(
Great video as always Atlas Pro! Constructive feedback: video introduction was too long imo and music tended to be loud enough to cover up your dialogue.
Geography of mercury, when?
geography of sun when
Geography of Uranus when
Deffo worth making this video. It is greatly appreciated.
Interesting as always.
Random question: In most Dungeons and Dragons worlds, there are large cave systems. Large enough for cities and nations. How unlikely are such massive underground spaces on an Earth like world?
That's probably a function of gravity and precipitation/erosive forces. Higher gravity means underground voids can grow as large before collapsing on themselves, whereas lower gravity would allow larger voids, but wouldn't create as dense of a rock layer. Also low gravity worlds are unlikely to have a precipitation cycle since that tends to require enough gravity to hold an atmosphere.
That is an interesting question. My guess is the best bet are dormant lava tubes similar to the rille mentioned in the video. I think volcanism is just a more common thing in space than something like hydrological activity that usually forms caves here on Earth. Maybe there could be cave systems made by liquid sulfuric acid like on Venus or liquid methane like on Titan. The only other thing I could think of that could form caves could be liquid ammonia but pretty much any liquid is capable of forming caves in large enough quantities I think.
Well there's actually gaint amounts of water underneath the crust. There's spaces between molten rock and water molten water. So depending on your definition of caves or underground seas.
Gotta love the purple prose and high dramatic voice acting in those old educational information films
Aah shit here we go again. 😭
I am amazed how you keep pumping out such high quality video's!
So... Io video when? ;)
So no cheese?
That’s some sweet spicy music at the start.
Tfw you’re so early you found the video before anyone finished watching it
the retro videos are always my favorite parts of your videos
It is odd that even after researching your video, you call the Moon "a cold dead world".
In fact, the surface of the moon varies from 127 to -175 degrees C depending on the time of the Luna day. Days are very long and hot. Nights are similarly long and extremely cold.
Anything in the shade is very cold. The lunar surface is heated by radiation, and there is no atmosphere to buffer or distribute the radiative heating. It's effect is extreme: objects transition nearly 300 degrees C at the terminator of the Sun's rays - a tremendously aggressive expansion/contraction cycle across a very small area which must be accounted for in any equipment intended for use by people on the Moon.
Only on average is the Moon our closest cosmic neighbour. There are some Near Earth Objects (NEOs) with orbits which dip inside the 800,000km diameter sphere of the Lunar orbit around Earth.
Ha, I see the Corridor Digital shirt, my fellow fan.
What happened to his right eye?
Happy holidays to you too Atlas Pro
Can we terraform Moon ??
Seems hards as it's extremely small,gravity doesn't seem strong enough to be suitable for a "terran" way of living. Also I think it couldn't keep a decent atmosphere at all. Even if it could it doesn't have a magnetic field,so it would get destroyed by solar winds and radiation. Even surpassing these difficulties another question appears,why? Changing like that our cosmic buddy seems like a gigantic moral problem on it's own.
@@fakeAratPrime ok 🙏
This video was magic.
Thanks to made it for us.
You don't seem to comprehend that exploration is its own goal. The physical act of exploring drives technology development, which advances society over time. It doesn't matter where you explore, or what you explore, because the benefits of exploration begin at home: every single dollar spent on exploration stays on Earth, AND in the country which funds the exploration.
And so it is exploration and exploitation, which are the hallmarks of human behaviour: traits bred into us half a million years before we became h.sapiens!
"There's got to be some reason you spent all that money exploring X."
Yes. The reason was to explore it.
And so exploration is the greatest self-fulfilling activity of all time, and why humans are so keen on it: even if you fail, you have been successful -- you went exploring!
*Merry Christmas, Caelan!!! Good video, indeed, and congratulations for (almost) 1M followers!*
I'm speaking from the Moon. Here we also celebrate Christmas, like you, earthling creatures!!! We don't know what Geography is, but we do know you really like us. Here comes silicium dust kisses to all of you! 😁
The moon is literally just parts of old earth and a planet called theia that crashed into old earth causing the piece to form together due to gravity and turn into what's now the moon