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The resources for the videos will be placed in the description of the videos as soon as possible.

Okay I saw in a comment you mentioned the calculations are different between MATLAB and Tina-TI. Do I need to account for the 180-degree phase shift in MATLAB, because having a phase shift starting at 90 degrees is confusing when calculating stability margins.

​@@jadondewey1237 Thanks for your message. -90 degrees + -180 degrees is in totaal -270 degrees, but can be also written as +90 degrees by adding a 360 degrees.

Great to know the videos are helpful. Share the knowledge :)

You can find them and more details in the following book: Feedback Control Systems, Charles L. Phillips & John M. Parr

@@CanBijles Thank you very much for your response. It is a pity that I could not find this book in the public domain.

​@@vovashv Here is the link: www.amazon.com/Feedback-Control-Phillips-Prentice-Hardcover/dp/B00LMTLLA6

The graph for "Normalized output with LC filter" is taken from a nonlinear equation. I left the details out, but it is somewhat work to get to the actual details. This is not due to the diode, but due to the discontinuous behavior of the inductor current.

@@CanBijles Do you have another video or source that covers these details? thanks

@@fablearchitect7645 You can look at Chapter 3 in Power Electronics, Muhammad Rashid for more details.

@@mohameddrissi1075 Yes, sure. Here is the playlist about inverters. Inverters (DC to AC Converter): th-cam.com/play/PLuUNUe8EVqlkDI0dky7_JIMC4TyVSS99Q.html

Great to know! Here is the link for the feedback controller design for the DC-DC Buck Converter: th-cam.com/video/p5q5jMvsjto/w-d-xo.html

@@CanBijles thank you👌

@@sadeghmollaii9873 You're welcome!

Thanks for your message. I do not know if you mean the formula, but I answered this already for another question in this video. The formula for Vo,n,LN is correct, but when I moved to next slide to collect the formulas, I forgot the sqrt(2) in de denominator, so in total, it should be divided by sqrt(6). Actually, the formula should be written as Vo,n,LN where the harmonics order n is shown. Does this answer your question?

@@CanBijles yes, you re correct, you said sqrt(6) is the correct once below. I read it after asking you the question above, sorry for that. but moreover am asking why is it the case in the formula sqrt(6) also i see 6 appearing in Vo,LL in this divided by pie inside the cosine. the waveform across the loads no pie/6 but pie/3 of each phase being shifted. would you explain the concept behind it, if you don't mind it? and thank sir

yep, I see why it should be sqrt(6), you don't have to answer that part, its is clearer! that is from sqrt(2) multiplied by sqrt(3) at the denominator equal to sqrt(6) defining Vo,n,LN so nothing to do with six switches. however 30 degrees inside the cosine i have no idea since each phase is shifted by 60 degrees( pie/3).

You're welcome! Great to know that you liked the video!

Great you liked the video!

The boundaries are shown in the integration at 06:05. You can also see this from the plot of the output voltage.

yeah sir i did see that, the simplification if plugin boundaries into negative cosine after integration. of (negative COS(n(pie-a)) subtract way negative COS(n(a)) positive DC peak across load then multiply by 2 for full cycle. And end up with 2Vdc/npie (2COS(n(a))) also if am not wrong then i got an idea of how you got result. I try simplification using reduction identities of COS(pie + X)=negative COS(X) the only problem is insde COS(pie-a) is difference rather then sum! but it result into the solution you got if only i ignored the difference and X =+delay(a).

The integral at 06:05 has the variable wt, which has the unit of radians.

👍

The input sources are given by their peak values, not RMS values. The formulas I am using consider also the peak values, not the RMS values.

thank you

@@philliphollingsworth6601 You are welcome.

Thanks for your message. The equation you write for the output node as: I_L = I_F - I_{2-} is not correct, because you are not taking the current flowing out of op-amp 2. In your case, it would mean I_F = I_L, which is of course not correct. I hope this clarifies the situation.

@@CanBijles Oh, of course! Thank you

​@@Julia-oe9xl You are welcome!

Thanks for your message. You're welcome! I am glad that you liked the video!

Sorry, I practically answered myself...hahaha,thank you so much!!

İndeed 😉👍

@@CanBijles I tried to write her an email, but I don't know if I used the right email address😂

@@eduardmihailoiu7609 I received your email. I will get back to it tomorrow.

@@CanBijles oh perfect, thank you!!

@@Hunefsus Çok memnun oldum!

Hi Petrus, thanks for your mail. Great to know you liked the video! The transfer function F(s), which is taking into account the filter and load, is determined using the output voltage divided by the input voltage for F(s) circuit only. When you carry out the analysis, you will get the transfer function F(s). The calculations of the component values really depend on the design specifications and of course on the available components.

It depends on what do you want. In general, it does not depend on the transfer function.

I used a solver to solve the equation. You can use a solver in a calculator or from a website or just do it by hand.

Thanks!! but from the first term comes a cubic term..

​​@@eduardmihailoiu7609 Use this link to solve and see the solutions. www.wolframalpha.com/calculators/equation-solver-calculator

@@CanBijles Thank you. I used wolframAlfa and it seems to have worked.

​@@eduardmihailoiu7609 Great!

For comparison with the simulation results, I used the integration bandwidth as the frequency for determining the total output RMS noise voltage. This is a rule of thumb, but is valid for most practical purposes. Also, the noise will not contribute much for larger frequencies.

The V_DC/R is the steady-state value of the load current. At steady-state, the current in the inductor is zero. The derivation of this formula can be found in many book, for example: Power Electronics, Daniel Hart

@@CanBijles thanks sir.

​@@jamesjohn2537 You are welcome!

You are welcome!

Maybe from a library or search the internet.

Great to know! You can watch different power converter types and feedback control for buck converter also in this playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLuUNUe8EVqlmo8U7EEBS6W1NpMBkA0JjI.html Good luck!

Hello... Where can I get the paper version of the book " TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF SWITCHING CONVERTERS " ? Thanks

​@@heinzergrinder1901 How about searching on internet or library?

In step 3, I show step by step three diagrams explaining how the resistors are situated. Check that again.

Thanks for your message. Glad to know you liked the video! 📚 Resources 👇 Power Electronics, Daniel W. Hart, ISBN: 9780073380674

​i have a question if you don't have a problem. In a FV system, as source in a buck converter, the In capacitor is important to define a input current ripple isn't? Do you have some equation for this Capacitor? thanks, kind regards!

I do not understand the question. What do you mean by FV?

@@CanBijles sorry for my bad english!!, i mean Photovoltaic System

@@JoseGonzalezFernandez-bb6ow The capacitor, which is in parallel with the load, will determine the output voltage ripple. Increasing the value of this capacitor will decrease the output voltage ripple.

Thanks for your message! Glad you liked the video. Here are some playlists: Operational Amplifier Circuits: th-cam.com/play/PLuUNUe8EVqlmhmvCuxr326mnNKHB5jwJx.html

@@CanBijles an example in which you cascade a common source stage to the differential stage to amplify the signal, did you do it by chance? I really mean the internal structure of an op amp (differential stage/common source stage/studio buffer) for example

@@eduardmihailoiu7609 I have not done a video about a full transistor design of an op-amp circuit. Sounds interesting to make one in the coming future, will be in list.

@@CanBijles it would be very interesting!!

but the differential couple and the current mirror need to work in the active zone (saturation zone) to work well, right?

Thanks, great to know you liked the video! See this link for more videos about dynamic systems: th-cam.com/play/PLuUNUe8EVqllnCB4ajVuXExPMjHn-4K1a.html

If you have only repeated real poles, like (s+5)^2, you will not have the term with A/(s+2). So, you only have the last two terms in the partial fraction expansion I have given.

Did you checked the MATLAB site? See for example: nl.mathworks.com/help/ident/ref/dynamicsystem.bode.html

The calculations are the same. You only need to take into account the magnitude and phase contributions of each pole and zero as I discuss in the video.

Thanks for your message. This is a valid and good question. Indeed, for the stability analysis, we should check both the gain margin and phase margin. In control theory, we also look at the modulus margin, which is actually a better measure how safe we are from the unstable point in the Nyquist plot. Usually (more often, but not always), the phase margin is somewhat more important than gain margin. If the phase margin is sufficient, than the gain margin is probably sufficient too, but of course there is no guarantee. In the videos I discussed about compensator design for buck converter, the gain margin was already large. In the links shown below, they discuss transient response of power converter and the discussion is also based on phase margin only. I do not claim you should only look at phase margin for power converters, but I do not know how strict and important the gain margin is for power converters. Maybe you have a good reference about it, love to read it. www.ti.com/lit/an/snoa507/snoa507.pdf?ts=1717893510339 pdfserv.maximintegrated.com/en/an/AN3453.pdf

@@CanBijles çok teşekkür ederim hocam. Benim için oldukça anlaşılır bir cevap verdiniz. İyi çalışmalar dilerim.

@@sahinbozkurt886 Rica ederim, memnun oldum. İyi çalışmalar.

Thanks for your message. Very good questions. Firstly: The PI controller has a pole at the origin (s = 0) and a zero left to this pole. The total phase contribution of the PI controller will be negative. The location of the pole is set, but not the location of the zero of the PI controller. I use the rule of thumb to place the PI controller zero one decade below the phase margin frequency wpm. Secondly: The expression of the real part is -w^2, so the phase is -180 degrees and this is in the denominator of the loop transfer function. The phase of the PI controller zero at wpm is close to +90 degrees and this is in the numerator of the loop transfer function. So, the first part of the phase of the loop transfer function at wpm is 90 - - 180 = 270 degrees or -90 degrees. That is the reason for the -90 degrees.

@@CanBijles thank you so much for your really fast return and explanation. I have understood very well why you have made the calculations as in video. I appreciate for your help.

@@sahinbozkurt886 Rica ederim. Başarılar 👍

You can find more information about controller tuning and plotting here: nl.mathworks.com/help/control/ug/getting-started-with-the-control-system-designer.html

@@CanBijles thank you

​@@dienau6313 You're welcome.

I have not done the hardware implementation of this converter.

Filters are used in many applications. Bandpass filters are used to pass a specific frequency band only.

The magnetomotive force F is analogues to voltage source in the electrical domain. That is the reason for using a voltage source symbol for F.

@@CanBijles yes. But the phi looks like it makes Kirchhoffs law loop for voltage and not current I am sorry I learned all this in a different language I have no idea how you call all this.

​@@supremebohnenstange4102 The phi is the current in the electrical domain, so Kirchhoff's voltage law can still be applied.

@@CanBijles yes I know My problem is the circle arrow. We didn't learn that for current but. Voltage

​@@supremebohnenstange4102 I got it. Is it clear now?

Where in the video was this discussed?

while deriving the equivalent resistance in order to calculate the input voltage referred noise due to the input current

at 22:45 sir

Capacitor in combination with a resistor (RC circuit) will generate noise voltage for the capacitor, but not a noise current. More details can be found here: Thermal noise on capacitors en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise

We determine the effect of the internal noise sources of the op-amp and focus om de op-amp first and then the output lowpass filter. For thermal noise calculations, you may combine the resistors and redo the calculations, but the final results will be the same. In fact, there are other parameters not included in this example, like the input and output impedance of the op-amp, which will have an effect on the actual noise performance of the circuit. You can create an accurate model of the op-amp having the input and output independences included.

It cannot be, because the phase contribution of a PD controller is positive.

In the noise analysis, we use the noise gain and GBW to calculate the signal bandwidth.

Fijn om te weten. Graag gedaan!

Hier zijn voorbeelden over maximum power transfer in DC en AC (in het Engels): Maximum power transfer in DC: th-cam.com/video/abPGjW_BQQg/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/vKEsUdvBAk8/w-d-xo.html Maximum power transfer in AC: th-cam.com/video/tJP9Cp0quTA/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/bnOfxnhEbTE/w-d-xo.html

@@CanBijles That's great ;-) Thanks a lot!!!

You are welcome! 👍

Thanks for your message. Great to know that the method works! I will need some time for this. Maybe you can send me some details via mail can.mehmet.tr@gmail.com so I can give a better answer. I will let you know coming week.

@@CanBijles Well, I will definitely write to you

Thanks for your message 😊 Great to know you have got better insight about the op-amp. Objective was to compare the two situations and thereby observing the effect of having an operational amplifier (op-amp) in the circuit. Good luck👍

You are welcome!

You are welcome. You can add a negative supply. You only need to setup the Kirchhoff's voltage loop equation including the negative voltage source.

Great to know 👍 You are welcome!

Great to know 👍 You are welcome!