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Anthromedia
India
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 18 ก.พ. 2013
Prehistory and Anthropology
Major Population Bottlenecks in Human Prehistory
0:00 - Introduction
1:55 - Toba Super-eruption (~74,000 years ago)
35:46 - Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption (~40,000 years ago)
1:00:41 - Younger Dryas Cooling Event (~12,900-11,700 years ago)
Throughout human evolution, several catastrophic events have drastically reduced population sizes, shaping genetic diversity and survival patterns. Three significant bottlenecks include the Toba Super-eruption, the Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption, and the Younger Dryas Cooling Event.
1. Toba Super-eruption (~74,000 years ago)
The eruption of Mount Toba in present-day Indonesia was one of the largest known volcanic events in Earth’s history. It released massive amounts of ash and sulfur into the atmosphere, causing a global volcanic winter that likely lasted for years. This event may have led to a severe population bottleneck in South and Southeast Asia. However, its effects outside these regions are a subject of debate. Evidence from genetic studies suggests a sharp decline in human genetic diversity following this period, supporting the idea that human survival was severely impacted.
2. Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption (~39,000 years ago) 00:35:46-1:00:41
The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, originating from the Phlegraean Fields in Italy, was another significant volcanic event that may have triggered a bottleneck. This eruption released massive ash clouds and sulfur dioxide, leading to climatic disruptions across Europe and western Asia. The cooling effects, combined with the decline of Neanderthal populations at the time, may have influenced the survival and migration patterns of early modern humans. Some researchers suggest that this eruption contributed to the eventual extinction of Neanderthals and shaped the genetic makeup of modern humans in Europe.
3. Younger Dryas Cooling Event (~12,900-11,700 years ago) 1:00:41
The Younger Dryas was a sudden return to glacial conditions after the end of the Last Ice Age, likely triggered by the melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which disrupted ocean currents and caused rapid cooling. This period saw extreme droughts, ecosystem collapses, and food shortages, leading to significant stress on early human societies, particularly those transitioning to agriculture. Many megafauna species went extinct, and human populations in some regions may have faced severe declines before recovering with the advent of farming.
Conclusion
These three bottleneck events had profound impacts on human survival, genetic diversity, and adaptation. The Toba and Campanian Ignimbrite eruptions caused drastic climatic disruptions, while the Younger Dryas posed challenges to early agricultural societies. Each event played a crucial role in shaping the evolutionary and demographic history of modern humans.
1:55 - Toba Super-eruption (~74,000 years ago)
35:46 - Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption (~40,000 years ago)
1:00:41 - Younger Dryas Cooling Event (~12,900-11,700 years ago)
Throughout human evolution, several catastrophic events have drastically reduced population sizes, shaping genetic diversity and survival patterns. Three significant bottlenecks include the Toba Super-eruption, the Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption, and the Younger Dryas Cooling Event.
1. Toba Super-eruption (~74,000 years ago)
The eruption of Mount Toba in present-day Indonesia was one of the largest known volcanic events in Earth’s history. It released massive amounts of ash and sulfur into the atmosphere, causing a global volcanic winter that likely lasted for years. This event may have led to a severe population bottleneck in South and Southeast Asia. However, its effects outside these regions are a subject of debate. Evidence from genetic studies suggests a sharp decline in human genetic diversity following this period, supporting the idea that human survival was severely impacted.
2. Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption (~39,000 years ago) 00:35:46-1:00:41
The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, originating from the Phlegraean Fields in Italy, was another significant volcanic event that may have triggered a bottleneck. This eruption released massive ash clouds and sulfur dioxide, leading to climatic disruptions across Europe and western Asia. The cooling effects, combined with the decline of Neanderthal populations at the time, may have influenced the survival and migration patterns of early modern humans. Some researchers suggest that this eruption contributed to the eventual extinction of Neanderthals and shaped the genetic makeup of modern humans in Europe.
3. Younger Dryas Cooling Event (~12,900-11,700 years ago) 1:00:41
The Younger Dryas was a sudden return to glacial conditions after the end of the Last Ice Age, likely triggered by the melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which disrupted ocean currents and caused rapid cooling. This period saw extreme droughts, ecosystem collapses, and food shortages, leading to significant stress on early human societies, particularly those transitioning to agriculture. Many megafauna species went extinct, and human populations in some regions may have faced severe declines before recovering with the advent of farming.
Conclusion
These three bottleneck events had profound impacts on human survival, genetic diversity, and adaptation. The Toba and Campanian Ignimbrite eruptions caused drastic climatic disruptions, while the Younger Dryas posed challenges to early agricultural societies. Each event played a crucial role in shaping the evolutionary and demographic history of modern humans.
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make sure your pronunciation of the volcano names is proper before you make a video
You mean occupied Palestine.
Too many fucking commercials.good informative film
I saw a film where John Holmes caused a severe bottleneck.
While the uplands were likely maintained as preserve, what was happening at sea level 14 thousand years ago?
"Stronger evidence is required to before revising the current understanding of human migration..." The current misunderstanding will never be revised in institutional revisionist history/archeology books. No amount of evidence will change the suppression of our true history.
Ai generated content with resultant incoherent statements.
Only AI voiceover
The first 15 minutes of this video are irrelevant to the topic.
Lol....geologists and climatologists could no longer ignore the overwhelming evidence of a worldwide catastrophic event. So they had to abandon the uniformitarian view....and come up with these conjectures to contend with young earth creationists. Of course, they end up getting it all wrong. The genetic bottleneck was due to the Biblical Flood first if all......then followed by other catastrophes as the earth took many, many centuries to return to any degree of equalibrium.
Some of the bottle necks reported in the literature are artifacts of models used to analyze ancient dna data.
Something is off with this video. Maybe machine generated voice and imperfect translation. Not going to finish
Each human lineage is its own study considering that we are what remains of Noah’s three sons and their wives. The Cohen modal haplotype identifies the Semitic IJ lineage of Aaron, Levi, Jacob, Abraham, Arphaxad and Shem. The other two main groups are the Eurasian K group and the Hamitic AB C D and E1 E2 & E3. The C lineage that can only be from the House of the great Hamitic King Nimrod the son of Cush in Asia identifies the Hamitic lineages. Everything else is by following the known migrations of people. Since we are apparently looking into genealogies and history, enough with so much disinformation. *Neanderthals are Eurasians.* Europeans have less Neanderthals DNA than Asians because most maternal lineages of Europeans are Semitic while Asians have more Eurasian mtDNA. Denisovans are a mix of Eurasians and the Sino Canaanite tribe of Sinim with the D Y-hg in Asia and or the House of King Nimrod’s descendants with the C Y-hg both of which are Hamitic and both are in the area of the Denisovan cave. They are Canaanite and Cushite lineages. The *original* Hittites were also Canaanite. Neanderthals, who had a larger genome than what we have today, were Eurasians that were descended from Japheth and the Denisovans are a mix of Eurasians and Canaanites and or Cushites descended from Ham. We know this because of the people living today who have Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA. Sumerians were Assyrians and Akkadian descendants of Nimrod since Assyrians and Nimrod are linked together in history. DNA migrations show that Native Americans crossed the Atlantic to Central America from the Mediterranean Sea. There are four or more separate haplogroup lineages that show this migration route, the A C&D maternal mtDNA lineages and the Q paternal Y chromosomal lineage as well as probably the C paternal Y-hg lineage made this same Atlantic crossing to Central America and then all of these lineages spread north and south from Central America. The Inuit also with the Q Y-hg crossed by way of the Bering Strait hunting whales and seals. People are ignoring actual known human history. The actual historical records and DNA migrations show that everyone spread out from Mesopotamia. Ancient history is essential for everyone to know, especially that of the sixteen original civilizations… that are from the sixteen grandsons of Noah. Everyone should learn ancient history before trying to learn science. The following are the paternal Y chromosome haplogroups that make the most sense. 1. The first inhabitants of Italy (K) Tubal 2. Thracians (L) Tiras 3. Greek sea people (T) Javan 4. Siberians & East Asians (NO) Magog 5. East Europeans & Asians (P) Meshek 6. Medes (Q) Madai 7. Western Europeans (R) Gomer 8. Hebrews & Arabic (IJ) Arphaxad 9. Elamites (H) Elam 10. Assyrians (G) Asshur 11. Arameans (F) Aram 12. Lydians (F2) Lud 13. Cushites (AB, C) Cush 14. Egyptians (E3) Mitzrayim 15. Canaanites (E2, D) Canaan 16. Original N. African Phoenicians (E1) Phut The sons of Javan T Y-hg became a significant part of the Mediterranean Sea people and the later Phoenicians. The original Greeks were L Y-hg Thracians. Uyghurs are Judaic. Tibetans are Hamitic descendants of Canaan the same as the Ainu Japanese and Andamanese. The only way to determine the actual paternal lineages is with the Y chromosome. E1 is Phut, E2 is Canaan and E3 is Mitzrayim. The descendants of Cush are A B and C with C being the descendants of the great House of King Nimrod the first King of the world (with his many descendants reinforcing his genes) which was from Akkad in Mesopotamia to Assyria otherwise known as the Sumer. The many descendants of Nimrod later spread to the Americas, the Pacific islands and South Asia. It’s the reason Olmec statues often appear Polynesian since they share the same common ancestor with Polynesians. In Europe it’s the C1 Y-hg lineage, in the Pacific islands it’s the C2, in the Americas it’s the C3, in Australia it’s the C4 and in Asia it’s C5. The D paternal Y-hg Sino tribe of Sin descendants of Canaan migrated from Canaan through the land of Sin/Sinai and then east to Andaman Islands, China, all the way to Japan and Tibet where these Sino descendants are found today. The other Hamitic C paternal Y-hg descendants of Nimrod migrated as far as South Asia, Australia, the Pacific, Mongolia, Europe and all the way to the Americas *by way of Atlantic* accounting for the Olmec civilization in Central America along with the Q Y-hg descendants of Madai ancestor of the Medes that also crossed the Atlantic to Central America along with the maternal lineages of A C and D. The A *maternal* haplogroup belonging to the *Semitic* N mtDNA lineage accompanied the Eurasian Q *paternal* Y-hg to Central America. The C&D maternal haplogroups belonging to the *Eurasian* M lineage also accompanied the Atlantic crossing of the Q paternal Y-hg Medes and probably the C paternal Y-hg to Central America. The Semitic B maternal mtDNA haplogroup seems to have crossed on the other side via the Pacific Ocean to South America. The Mediterranean *paternal* R1b and the *maternal* X2a (also found in Galilee) represent yet another Atlantic y crossing of the later Phoenicians in the days of King Solomon considering also the additional Mediterranean paternal Y chromosome haplogroups of T, G, I1, I2, J1, J2, E and B found in Native Americans today *in addition* to the Mediterranean R1b found in Native American Populations. J1 and J2 are Arabs and Hebrews. I1 is most likely the tribe of Dan and I2 resembles the movements of the sailing tribe of Asher. The T Y-hg is the Mediterranean Greek Sea people who became Phoenicians. (E and B are Hamitic and G is Assyrian from Asshur.) Of course there are also the Cohen, 50% of which are J1 P58 known as the Cohen modal haplotype which identifies the IJ paternal lineage of Hebrews and Arabs that are descended from Arphaxad. J2 M172 is the largest group of descendants probably of the House of the kings David *and* Solomon. Now you know a lot more of what is now verified human history.n The mtDNA maternal lineage of the out of Africa claim goes from African to Eurasian and then to Semitic while the Y chromosome lineage goes from African to Semitic and then Eurasian. So according to that Africans produced Semitic males and Eurasian females who then produced Eurasian males and Semitic females completely invalidating the Out of Africa claim. *The reality is that all of these various lineages had to have existed simultaneously.* I wasn’t sure if I could use F, K and P for a while. The problem is that they are actual individual populations and lineages since F is literally two *separate* lineages. We can’t have people without a lineage designated to them so they are the large group and they are also individual lineages sharing a common ancestor. With F, it’s not that a marker is being gained going from left to right. The markers are being lost going from right to left. This is what makes identifying people so confusing. IJ has the IJK marker of their common ancestor with K that is lost to the HIJK lineage which is subsequently lost to the GHIJK lineage which is in turn lost to the FGHIJK lineage which is lost to the CF CT lineage which is *already* “X-DE” and lost to the AB lineages.
1:07:01 The younger Dryas lasted 12,000 years? And it started about 12,000 years ago? Wouldn't that mean it's still happening? You better fix that
I thought this was going to be another clickbait video I'm glad I gave it a chance, nice work!
Seedhay movie bana di, Going great, dr❤
3 lack years ago?wrf is that
Lakh is one hundred thousand
Sapiens vs Neanderthal; We have a brachiated upper torso allowing us to throw over head & leading to our unique ability of killing at distance. We use projectiles, they didn't. Neanderhal was an ambush predator that killed within reach or grasp. In any true conflict, we have the distinct advantage.
As someone who has taught anatomy for over 25 years, and who has taken comparative primate anatomy, I have to say I’ve never run across the phrase “brachiated upper torso”. I did a google search, a google scholar search, and a medline/pubmed search and couldn’t not find the phrase in the literature. Could you define what you mean and provide a reference. To my knowledge, Neanderthal shoulder anatomy would be quite suitable for throwing overhand. While they may have ambush hunted, there is nothing that would have prevented them from using projectile weapons. And to the best of my knowledge, brachiation refers to locomotion by swinging hand over hand like gibbons do in the tree canopy.
@@chrisleblanc581 Brachiated does refer to locomotion within a canopy, but it describes the rotation and range of motion for various shoulder, forearm, and wrist joints. Neanderthal torso and arm anatomy actually does prevent an over arm throw. Watch any ape (other than a gibbon) throw and you'll see side or underarm, never over arm. Also look at sports medicine for a proper javeline throw to see the musculature involved. You'll still hear it suggested that they used spears, but those were grounding stakes or lances, not spears.
@@chrisleblanc581 Also, look at the ankle differences between the two - we have a runners ankle, they didn't. The entire anatomy, from range of motion to muscle type, is very different. We're two completely different animals. We're pursuit predators, they're ambush predators. Like, the differences between a lion and a tiger.
Volume in square kilometres?
Evidence of humans in the Americas 130000 years ago
27:55 I thought those were toes 😂
I think it's lakh. And that is an Indian term for 100,000.
That's what I surmise. The "300,000" suggests this. I wonder if he's quoting an Indian source.
What is a “lack”?
Lack apparently means lack of volcanic dust in the atmosphere. Google had no more to tell me.
I googled it too. I suppose we’ll find out eventually 😅 but I suspect it means something like 100k years if you think about it. So apparently lakh means 100k years. Cool 😎
@@gregkocher5352 i don’t understand how that links with years? But thanks for going into the google rabbit hole.
It's "lahk," which is an Indian/South Asian word meaning 100,000. (Prices for expensive items are usually denominated in "X lahk rupees.") Thus the Dust Veil Index was 300,000. Edit: According to TH-cam, the creator is from India.
@ oh thank you. That makes it make so much more sense.
Thank You For Made Thí Vidieo.It Is Very True. So South East Asia were Denisovian peoples Migrated from Africa, Then To India, To Near Peking Of China.Then Silangka, Then To South Việt Nam , Myanmar , Thai Lan, Malaysia , Indonesia, philipin . The peoples In Peking Mĩ Ưith Neanderthal's Peoples Becamed Old An Nam Peoples ,The Skin Liter , ( Brown. ). And The South Denisovance Đi Not Mix With Neanerthal The Skin Darker And Aboriginals Peoples In Australia Đi Not Mix With Neanderthal's Peoples So The Skin Still Very Dark. Until Over Three Hundred Years Ago. The English's Peoples. Camed Invationed Australia Killed Over One Millions Aboriginals Peoples. Now They Mix With English peoples And Mót Of Aboriginals Had Brown Or. White Skin.
They Found Women Foxe's Of Deansovan peoples In China Caves 80,000 Years. And In European. They Found Deansovan Foxes InThe Caves Too. So Deansovans peoples went To from African to China And To European.??
A very beautiful and informative video. This is highly appreciable work. Would have been better if you use a different voiceover
Imagine how akward it must have been having your wife from a different specy
Черные гребли к Папуа, желтые гребли к Америке, белые гребли через Средиземное море и Северный Ледовитый океан, и так далее распространились повсюду
Желтые люди мигрировали в Америку на каноэ, вдоль береговой линии, что было намного проще🤣🤣
Невозможно познать полное прошлое через исследования, так зачем его изучать, потому что политическая необходимость, кто-то заплатит высокую цену, чтобы поддержать ученого, и вред такого рода исследований перевешивает пользу, которую они приносят, и небольшая часть пользы заключается в том, что вы можете немного узнать о канвах прошлого
Человеческие существа всегда были готовы жить у моря, в случае наводнения, чтобы выжить, держа бревно, со временем бревно превратилось в каноэ, гребя на маленькой лодке по берегу, чтобы мигрировать и охотиться, рождая все больше и больше потомства, медленно распространяясь в более отдаленные места, цель лодки выжить у воды, а не пересечь океан
Денисовцы являются причиной существования желтых людей, и видя путь миграции денисовцев очень классический, они прошли через некоторые очень важные места
Arabs#Saudi Arabia,Yemen
Tasmania is part of Australia you make it sound like it's another country
Total BS everyone who has read the bible knows the Earth was created 4000 years ago by god and then when man started building a tower to heaven she gave him AI so he would be too distracted to finish the job, now here we are discussing invisible lines which "modern navigation experts" couldn't cross in ancient times. This THEORY is so out of Africa it may as well be the way the modern South is navigating politically, which is further South.
you sound completely nuts, 4000 years you're a fool
Badly edited. Should take it down and start again. Visually, there are no sail ships +40K ago, especially 19th century square riggers. There are no Kalahari bushmen in Australia either. Replace with people who appear closer to the people actually found in Australia and Australasia. No bow and arrows on the Australian continent either. And then the ending... cut off in mid sentence even. Just a bad video
Although the video states quite a few things I believe may be true, a lot of it is somewhat unproved speculation. India waa not the first main stop out of Africa for Homo sapien(s). No mention at all of Homo erectus, just a jump to Neanderthals, Denisovians. The two last mentioned above have become a part of Homo sapiens in much of the world. We do not really "know" enough to make many additional conclusions, especially re Denisovians (tho more knowledge has cropped up, sure). With reference to interbreeding and the Wallace Line: we do NOT yet know enough - still too much reliance on speculation despite some useful science. Do agree with what is said about Homo florensis - but I do not personally think they bred with anyone else (unlike most Homo). Isolated.
So the natives of Australia came from India, 40,000 years ago.
No. There are 4 waves the most recent 15k ago. Only some of the genome of native Australians comes from India, some of the genome is found in Taiwan and even Japan
Wrong. Read Anabasys. The entire area was abound with all forms of life till AD.
Can someone confirm the information about Mungo Man. This video says that DNA from Mungo Man is linked to modern Aboriginals. Can I get a reference for that info please? I was lead to believe that initial DNA testing on Mungo Man didn't match that of Modern Aboriginals. The indigenous tribe that claims that Mungo Man is an ancestor of won't allow any further testing and apparently there isnt enough DNA available for testing in order to confirm or deny DNA links 🤷♂️
When I see anything associated with the UN I think BS iz comingy😅
Like the Neanderthals and the Denisovans, this video ran out of time.
It seemed to, yes. Rather annoying.
The oldest Homo Sapien remains are grom North West Africa 311,000 years ago and not East Africa. Also the oldest evidence of Homo Sapiens is from 22,000 years ago for North America 🇺🇸 and 26,000 years ago for South America.
The AI is showing. "Morndern" humans? Not to mention extremely inconsistent pronunciations of "Denisovan", "Denisovans", and "Denisova", as well as totally unique ways of pronouncing "acheulean" and "aboriginal" that do not resemble their actual pronunciations.