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How Antidepressants Actually Work?
Learn about the mechanisms behind SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs, and understand the science of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. #antidepressants #pharmacology #usmlepreparation
【Notes】
â–đThis video was created based on data as of July 2024, with the purpose of supporting medical students in their exam preparations.
â–đIt is not a substitute for medical advice.
â–đPlease note that thanks to the tireless efforts of researchers worldwide, this data is updated daily. â–đUnauthorized reproduction is prohibited.
【Contents】
00:00 Antidepressants?
00:12 The Chemical Imbalance Theory
01:44 SSRIs and Reuptake: How Antidepressants Work
03:53 SNRIs: Beyond Mood Improvement
04:56 Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Broad Effects?
06:54 Monoamine Oxidase and MAOIs: From TB to Antidepressants
09:17 Chemical imbalance Theory?
【Reference and figure】 I express my gratitude and respect for your wonderful achievements.
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2. KÃĄlmÃĄn Magyar, The pharmacology of selegiline, Editor(s): Moussa B.H. Youdim, Peter Douce, International Review of Neurobiology, Academic Press, Volume 100, 2011, Pages 65-84, ISSN 0074-7742, ISBN 9780123864673,
doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386467-3.00004-2.
3. Andrade C, Rao NS. How antidepressant drugs act: A primer on neuroplasticity as the eventual mediator of antidepressant efficacy. Indian J Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;52(4):378-86. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.74318.
4. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3748, Iproniazid;
5. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3696, Imipramine;
6. Fayez R, Gupta V. Imipramine. [Updated 2023 May 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.
7. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5202, Serotonin;
8. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 439260, Norepinephrine;
9. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 681, Dopamine;
10. Steven M. Fox, Robin Downing, 14 - Rehabilitating the Painful Patient: Pain Management in Physical Rehabilitation, Editor(s): Darryl Millis, David Levine, Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy (Second Edition), W.B. Saunders, 2014, Pages 243-253, ISBN 9781437703092,
doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-0309-2.00014-4.
11. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3696, Imipramine; [cited 2024 July 9]. Available from: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Imipramine
12. Stepanenko YD, Sibarov DA, Shestakova NN, Antonov SM. Tricyclic Antidepressant Structure-Related Alterations in Calcium-Dependent Inhibition and Open-Channel Block of NMDA Receptors. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Feb 14;12:815368. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.815368. PMID: 35237149; PMCID: PMC8882908.
13. P.M. Wax, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Editor(s): Philip Wexler, Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), Academic Press, 2014,mPages 389-390, ISBN 9780123864550,
14. Obata, Y., Kubota-Sakashita, M., Kasahara, T. et al. Phenethylamine is a substrate of monoamine oxidase B in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus. Sci Rep 12, 17 (2022). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03885-6
15. J.Gordon Millichap, Michelle M Yee, The diet factor in pediatric and adolescent migraine, Pediatric Neurology, Volume 28, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 9-15, ISSN 0887-8994,
doi.org/10.1016/S0887-8994(02)00466-6.
16. Van den Eynde V, Gillman PK, Blackwell BB. The Prescriber's Guide to the MAOI Diet-Thinking Through Tyramine Troubles. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2022 May 31;52(2):73-116. PMID: 35721816; PMCID: PMC9172554.
17. Gaby Andersen, Patrick Marcinek, Nicole Sulzinger, Peter Schieberle, Dietmar Krautwurst, Food sources and biomolecular targets of tyramine, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 77, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages 107-115,
18. Coleman JA, Green EM, Gouaux E. X-ray structures and mechanism of the human serotonin transporter. Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):334-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17629.
19. Jacquelyn L. Bainbridge, Robert Lee Page, J. Mark Ruscin, Elucidating the Mechanism of Action and Potential Interactions of MAO-B Inhibitors, Neurologic Clinics, Volume 26, Issue 3, Supplement, 2008, Pages 85-96, ISSN 0733-8619
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  • @twitchster77
    @twitchster77 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I can not understand her >.<'

    • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
      @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

      I am very sorryðŸ˜Ē and thanks for your feedback!!! Is it because the explanation is unclear? Or is it because my English is terrible?ðŸ˜ą I will strive to improve!👍

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    This field is complicated, isn't it?😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Do you know the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates?😊

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Aren't the mechanisms of action for osteoporosis medications difficult to understand?😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    It's quite a challenging field, isn't it?😆

  • @gayatriiiipagare
    @gayatriiiipagare 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    you put so much work into these videos

    • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
      @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

      Thank you! Since it's a difficult field, it took quite a lot of time to make the video.😆

  • @gayatriiiipagare
    @gayatriiiipagare 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    this is amazing

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    It's quite a challenging field, isn't it?😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Learning about hormones can be tricky 😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Learning about hormones can be tricky 😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Learning about hormones can be tricky 😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Let me introduce how I learned to remember endocrinology😆

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Let me introduce how I learned to remember endocrinology😆

  • @Mexican_Loko
    @Mexican_Loko 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Well NRTIS help with getting undetectable level?

  • @huggiebaobao6176
    @huggiebaobao6176 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    so helpful! thx

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I fell asleep watching my video, so I made it shorter.

  • @leenasirelkhatim5483
    @leenasirelkhatim5483 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    The music killed me 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 3 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I would be happy if this video could be of any help to you 😊

    • @gayatriiiipagare
      @gayatriiiipagare 2 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

      it's very helpful, thanks

  • @bushrakarim9592
    @bushrakarim9592 3 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    ðŸŦĄðŸŦĄ

  • @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210
    @StudyMedwithDr.chatMD.Phd3210 3 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    I would be happy if this video could be of any help to you 😊

  • @kendrickessence5599
    @kendrickessence5599 3 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    Promo`SM 🙈

  • @pimmanascharatphed9338
    @pimmanascharatphed9338 3 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    âĪâĪâĪ

  • @JMR_0108
    @JMR_0108 3 āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™

    It was really helpful, thank you :D