The evidence of reason:
It was previously mentioned that the evidence of the existence of Allah is equal to the number of God’s creatures, and that this evidence observed in the creatures is based on three foundations that the mind testifies to and the Qur’an and Sunnah indicate, and no one can disagree with them, regardless of his religion, gender, or knowledge. These foundations are:
The first foundation: Every action has an agent, so nothingness does not create anything, and this is a rational necessity and a true legal law, which the minds testify to intuitively, and the Book of the Lord of the Worlds has proven.
The Almighty said:
{أَمْ خُلِقُواْ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخَٰلِقُونَ - أَمْ خَلَقُوا السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ} [At-Tur: 35-36].
How can a mind deny this fact when it is witnessed by the shoes he wears, the clothes he wears, the car he drives, the umbrella that protects him from the sun, and even his food, drink, and everything around him?! It is inconceivable that any of these things could exist without a maker who created them and prepared them for the benefit they were intended for. If we apply this principle and witness the countless events that occur every day in this vast universe, our minds will be certain that every action has an agent.
The second principle: The action is a mirror of the ability of its agent and some of its attributes. This is because there is a strong relationship between the action and the agent, so there is nothing in the action except that the agent has the ability to do it. If we see an electric lamp, we know that the maker of that lamp has glass and wires, and that he has the ability to shape the glass and wires into the shape we see in the lamp, and that he has experience with electricity. Thus we know something of the Creator’s power and attributes from the observable effects of His actions before us, and thus the action is a mirror of the power of its doer and some of His attributes. The Holy Qur’an has guided us to this rational basis, urging us to look at the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and what Allah has created, so that we may learn through this look many of the attributes of the All-Wise Creator, the Most High. Allah the Almighty said:
“اللَّهُ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَٓحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ وَيٓجْعَلُهُ كِسَفًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَٰلِهِ فَإِذَا أَصَابَ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ - وَإِن كَانُوا مِن قَبْلِ أَن يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِم مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ فَانظُرْ إِلَىٰ ءَاثَٰرِ رَحْمَتِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ يُحْيِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمُحْيِ الْمَوْتَى وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴾ (Ar-Rum: 48-50)
The phenomenon of the rain, then its driving to the dead earth, then the life of the earth through it after its death, indicates the existence of the Creator and the generality of His power, especially in reviving the dead, as it indicates His mercy, may He be glorified and exalted. So, getting to know some of the attributes of the doer through observing His actions and effects is a rational and legal method that the mind necessarily senses, and the legal texts urge it, and it is adopted as an important foundation upon which many of the truths of faith are based. By applying this basis, we find that this great universe bears witness to its existence as being made by an everlasting being, by the greatness of its creation as being made by a great and powerful being, by the life in it as being made by an everlasting living being, by the perfection, harmony and coherence in it as being made by a wise and all-knowing being, and by its unified system and fixed laws as being made by one dominant ruler. Thus, these creatures provide us with certain testimony that they are made by an everlasting being who is wise, all-knowing, great, powerful, and everlastingly living being, for whom nothing is impossible. Thus, we have concluded that the atheist has established the existence of a wise, all-knowing, powerful, great, living, dominant being, for whom nothing is impossible.
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