How America Was Found BEFORE Columbus
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ส.ค. 2024
- Although the Pizzigano map was made 68 years before Columbus officially stepped foot in the Bahamas, it’s clear that it depicts a big landmass west of the Iberian peninsula, when at the time no one even imagined such possibility.
This island also went by the name of Isle of Seven Cities. It originates from an old Iberian legend, set during the Muslim conquest of Hispania in 714 AD. Seeking to flee from the Muslim conquerors, seven Christian Visigothic bishops embarked with their flocks on ships and set sail westwards into the Atlantic Ocean, eventually landing on an island (Antilha) where they founded seven settlements.
But let’s not lose track of the topic. In the Pizzigano map, if you follow the studies of historians and give some slack to 500 year old mapping techniques you can identify several known landmasses depicted in it.
First let’s look at the island with the description of “Balmas” which is argued to be modern day “Andros” in the Bahamas, funnily enough the exact island Columbus first landed in his famous trip.
Second, there’s “Ynma” which looks quite similar to modern day “Prince Eduard Island”, then there’s “Satanazes” similar to what nowadays is the Avalon peninsula. Further north there’s the easily recognizable half moon which even today’s sailors often recognize it as being the south tip of Greenland.
The historian jhon d.irany himself wrote a thesis about the pre-discovery of america by the portuguese, in it he states that on waldseemuller's map it's clear the portuguese already knew about the pacific ocean (officially discovered 6 years later than the map in 1513) as well as the istmo no Panamá, os andes, the sierra nevada mountains in the US and even the west coast of canada. For all these discoveries spanning 18800km the historian calculated that (pg88) the date of first contact had to be AT LEAST 1481, not accounting for shipwrecks, the time that information took to arrive to waldseemuller, the time it took him to fabricate the map, the much bigger effort and damages the ships took when compared to exploring the african coast with subsequently more damages and time wasted lost at sea and repairing the ships (for example colon lost the ship santa maria and almost lost the ships nina and Pinta in what is arguably a much shorter trip than if he were to explore south america or the other side of the american continent) and the ships couldn't count on local civilizations to re-stock supply like, so the most probable date was determined to be 1477 by the historian.
This date coincides exactly to 2 years before the treaty of Alcáçovas, but why does that matter, well, you see, in this treaty made in 1479
king Fernando and Queen Isabel of Spain officially gave order to the start the Spanish era of long distance exploration, Portugal was the clear dominant at sea when it came to ocean currents, ship technology and sailing techniques and overall capabilities, Spain wasn't even close
Pope Alexandre I had just given to Spain the right to every land to the west of Cape Verde, he drew an imaginary line of 100 léguas curting right throw the Atlantic ocean and tried to devide the world into 2. But the portuguese king wasn't having any of it, he quickly gathered arguments and stormed the Vatican city arguing against the pope decision, which gave start to diplomatic talks between Portugal and Spain and soon later in 1494 in the famous treaty of Tordesilhas this imaginary line along the Atlantic ocean was moved 270 léguas west which conveniently now allowed Portugal to claim Brazil.
[ ] The lack of documentation is the most argued points against the theory (fact) of pre-colon finding of europe by the portuguese, but even this can be refuted. In 1755 Lisbon woke up to one of the deadliest and most destructive acontecimentos in history, the earth started shaking, full buildings started crumbling to the ground, fires ignited all throughout the city (due to the intensive use of candles for illumination) and if this wasn't enough a massive tsunami made sure to finish the job and bring the almighty capital of the Portuguese empire to its knees, it's still visible today in the few remaining buildings the level of destruction that this event brought to the city and it's also clear that A LOT of precious documents, books and official exploration reports were forever lost to the same sea who gave Portugal so many opportunities.
[ ] I know the video is getting long but I still have a few stories about this era, it's reported that the the King Jhon the II of Portugal told colon about about "firm land south of the canary islands" and that there was a "a big continent" in his words, at the time firm land meant that it wasn't an island and big continent well it means the same and that's when colon became so obsessed with exploration to the west of the iberian peninsula and years later set sail to Cuba
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The previous contact of indigenous tribes of central america with Portuguese sailors would explain why the Spanish at first were well-received. Portuguese expeditions were not for conquest, but rather exploration and trade. So, locals would be anxious to trade whatever they had for iron or steel tools & weapons.
Years ago I did some research where the new settlers from Britain claimed there was a tribe of "Native Americans" (I forget) either Florida or Virginia or the Carolinas, who were actually thought of being castaways from a Portuguese ship who spoke a broken Portuguese language after being castaways for so many years and took up local culture and lived like "Indians".
there are many such stories during many centuries. Starting w Sanct Brendan AD 565; europeans of the "!wrong" etthnical or religious group many times fled - into the ocean, not witout a plan though, they where aked to find Land for their Group; in many cases they must have travelled westwards and having come back; having being able to show for their particlar group that was posible to flee persecution and genocide! All in all this groups, that eventually made it to the americas and also Surivided, where assimiliade by the natives and so small that their gentecal and cultural impact was minial at best! There are though stone building in New England that are C14 dated to around 565; which means that Sanct brendans journey was real and many Irish monks and others that were in grate perile actually fled to what is todays new England and that they made it there, but must have been assimiliated by lcal tribes by the Law Of great Numbers and the very assistance they must have need from the local people in which herbs, plants was good and whics was poisinous, how and where to hunt animals, and many other specific problems. But among a group of 50.000 people 1.000 irish people must been assimiltaed. This process can have happened many times during the course of amny centuires, . We know for exampe of the fishermen from Galicia and England in the Great Banks just outside of New Foundland from 1250-1492; many of them must have unintentionally reach the shores of todays canada and US. The Porugues , ebing a small nation afraid of Spain and France, looked for trade partners, not an mpire and was probng arounf the Caribbeans all 1400dreds until Colombus made public the existance of thses lands. Portugal was there long before but found no trading partners, just primitive tridbes with little or no use for Portuguse which aimed at trade in spices and metals and jerwllery. But this book about havng sailed around all of America in 1475 is somewhat a little TOO fantastic!
what is your source?
@@robertyoung9403 I wish I knew, it was years ago, now a days old sources get buried on the internet, especially since google took over.
you can't find anything that you found more then ten years ago.
I just remember it was a British source.
Absolutamente correcto. Foi Portugal quem descobriu a America nao so o Brasil. Era o unico pais no mundo a fabricar e possuir os barcos tao especiais que ninguem conhecia nem sabia como operar, bem como os mais avancados conhecimentos da geografia marítima que os levou a Africa, India , China,, Japao e todo o oriente assim como a America do sul a norte. A enorme riqueza economica e de conhecimentos científicos dos seus especialistas permitiu alcancar e desbravar todo o mundo desconhecido da Europa
There is absolutely no proof for this - and anyway Portugal's discoveries only commenced centuries after Leif Eriksson reached Vinland.
Amazing video my friend, thank you for the great research and presentation!
My pleasure! Thank you for the support :)
@@Culturiosity what source did you find the claim about the structure Columbus found off panama being made out of cold stone
Stupid and false video.
We do know the Vikings were there long before Columbus. The lands they called “Vinland, Helluland and Markland” were documented by scholars in various parts of Europe, including by the likes of Adam of Bremen in 1075 and Galvano Fiamma in the 1300s, just to name a few.
@@BlueRica That has been suggested by some researchers for sure. I cannot say with much certainty that it happened though, given there hasn’t been archaeological or written evidence that can be considered anything close to irrefutable. It is also worth noting that many of the islands off the West African coast had been uninhabited, which suggests that other than the supposed journey by Mansa Musa’s predecessor, there wasn’t much, if any, African Presence in the West Atlantic.
@@BlueRica If you actually read Columbus’ Journal you will not find any such confirmation of that information. Many of those claims were spread by the likes of Ivan Van Sertima and Barry Fell, among others.
@@BlueRica Plus, if the Africans had been trading with the Americas, don’t you think there would be a measurable amount of genetic overlap? In addition, many staples of the Native American Diet were not found in Africa and vice versa(sweet potatoes/corn/tomatoes etc) seems unlikely…
@bjornloken8299 When Africans and Chinese came to America, they didn't come to kill, infect, Loot or colonize people, they came with respect...
@@BlueRica 1. Tomatoes were not found in Africa pre Columbus. 2. Not sure what Jollof Rice has to do with anything. 3. The first mention of Maize in China was 1555. 4. If there were African skeletons found in South America, we wouldn’t even be having this conversation
Amazing video!
Cheers!
Interesting video! Wonder how things would turn out had Sebastian I not been killed in battle heirless
This therory would have probably been a fact
Finally you shed some light into this. Culturiosidade i highly recomend you to check out a youtube Chanel called DightonRockUSA by and Dr. Manuel Luciano da Silva some of the documentaries are in portuguese but it is worth taking a look. The main topic of those chanels is the mysterious Dighton Rock which is a boulder in Labrador or in Neufoundland which have carvings of Miguel Corte real, also something to point out there is another building in that area that is called de Touro Tower which is a building made of stone resembling the Charola in Tomar Portugal. There is also a interesting theory of the melungeons, which well let me say are a people that lived in the Appalachia region Usa and are considered a people of a mixed race and lived there before and during english settlers with some particularly similar to catholic traditions like burring the dead with a tombstone, the making of (Agua Ardente, Grappa) and types of Bread which was not a "common thing" with native Americans. Two more things i would like to recommend are the Maps of Urbano Monte and of 1587 allthough 87 years later show how advanced mapmaking really was. Last thing Peter Trickett theory on the voyage Christovao de Mendoça in the Australian Landmass and how clearly alot of documents have disapeard, or got destroyed. And there is alot more evidence that i could mention...
Talk about what you ment with more evidence im curious. I already knew all of the fact’s you pointed out except for the melungeons and the tower. I knew Miguel Corte Real and his brother stranded around New Jersey, about the dighton rock and the portuguese discovery of australia before the dutch, english and spanish.
Excelente trabalho!!! Ganhaste mais um subscritor. Obrigado ;)
Muito obrigado! 😁
@@Culturiosity É um prazer!
How would a person from Eastern Europe be the first to find the New World?
amazing film, just sad that the cantino map is in italy and not in portugal as it should
True, is one of the most beautiful ancient maps imo
@@Culturiosity something of note-is reports of black people AND to be CLEAR I’m NOT saying Black africans discovered before Europeans but RATHER…
The Portuguese using Africans to explore the rivers and inlets as well we using them to fight jungle nations.
I say this bc I’m actually in contact with west african boat expert and from the perspective of the Portuguese, it wasn’t just cheaper but logistically far better to travel into vast jungle rivers
This would explain pre-Columbian claims of Black skinned peoples. Although some Natives painted themselves black, we have zero records after the initial contact.
Panama natives had oral traditions of white men but also black “mandingo” peoples and explroer balboa actually met them along with his parties (incl. African party members) and was inquired they was a whole nation of them ALSO in southern panama
Africans are arguably some of the best jungle fighters for most of human history considering their eurasian trade connections & independent innovations
The mali empire had their version of navy seals and organized armies long before Europe (except Byzantine rome)
Ainda bem, assim os terroristas de esquerda não o conseguem queimar...
I always had a feeling that the portuguese discovered america before columbus. For me the question was only to find out when did it happen.
Look out for these names:
Salvador Fernandes Zarco A.K.A Colon
João Fernandes Lavrador
João Vaz Corte Real father of Miguel and Gaspar Corte Real
Is just hard to proofe it today because the age of discovery was a top secret thing and it didn’t help much either that the library of lisbon burnt down in 1755.
Yup, i came accross all those names in my research, imo and many historians opinion is that America had to have been found at least in ~1450
@@Culturiosity nice vid btw.
About the map at 00:04 , I'm not sure if it wasn't referring to both the Azores archipelago and Madeira archipelago, that was kind of near the map marking.
Madeira archipelago was already depicted on some medieval maps around 1350 (Medici-Laurentian atlas), and the Azores already appears on maps around 1375 (Catalan atlas).
7:15 be careful with the information you are spreading! The Panamá Canal was built a hundred years ago, it wasnt there before
Just an observation. Leif Erikson, also known as Leif the Lucky (c. 970s - c. 1018 to 1025), was a Norse explorer who is thought to have been the first European to set foot on continental America, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus.
They left a settlement in NewFoundland. Vikings even had a word for the people 'skrealing' which comes from the word 'skrea' (not sure thats what it was) but the word meant 'skin'. So 'skrealing' would mean he who wears skin. The natives in NewFoundland at the time whore animal hide as clothing. So the vikings were here long before columbus
Vikings smoked both countys to discover America by centuries
How can a place be discovered if it already had people on it? Should be titled discovered by Europeans or others.
The first islandes that you find in front of Portugal, is azores and at the time in europe we already suspected its existence. I don't know why this thing about being the first to arrive, because it was the Vikings, we have proof of that. The important thing at the time was the spice route, that's where the money came from. That's how we did it without it being by chance.
Nice work
Thank you 🙏🏻
Bom trabalho caro amigo!✌️
Obrigado 😃
Dude what about the piri reis map, a map which had america and even Antarctica in it, it was made by a Turkish admiral which said that he based his map on another 20 maps from the lost library of Alexandria
I’m aware of it, truly fascinating but opinions diverge
This Pites Reis was a cowardly pirate who liked to rob merchant and fishermen's boats. That's why he had complex maps, they were stolen.... one day he came face to face with a war boat from the kingdom of Portugal and fled like a coward to his boss, the Turkish sultan who beheaded him for running away.
Antartica isn’t connected to South America 🤦♂️
I really expected to hear much more about artifacts and evidence suggesting (if not proving) that Columbus made it to North America only AFTER the Vikings, the Chinese and the Egyptians.
And the aliens, don't forget aliens.
🤣😂🤣😂
Yes - the vikings were in Vinland, Leif Eriksson landed there around 1000 AD.
Islands to the west of Europe are dotted on many ancient maps.... some real, some not. Madeira. discovered 1419, the Azores appear to be shoen on a C14th atlas, "Hy-Brasil" (not Brazil!) was shown on many maps...... etc., etc. The areas you claim as Greenland in Iceland (both of which had been settled by vikings, are far too south. Altogether, you can find anything if you look for it........
Do you have a website?
OMG so the Portuguese knew about the Panama canal in the 15th century 😂😂😂
I've done decades of research on pre-columbian exploration and inhabbitation of the Americas. The end product thus far is that roughly 75% of the planet all came to the Americas before columbus. The dates range from the mid 1400's to 600,000 years ago. Some of these people's exploration and mapping include; Scandinavians, Scottish, Irish, Chinese, Japanese, Egyptians, Turkish, Romans, Polynesians, Phoenicians, Portuguese, Siberians, Ethiopians, Greeks, Aboriginal Australians, Homo Erectus, Homo Floresiensis, Solutreans, and a great many more. I have documented well over 90 different cultures/peoples that all came before columbus. So why did columbus get the recognition of "discovery"? His uncle was the pope and gave him the full clearance from the church to explore, exploit, and commit genocide. Up to this point in history, the church declared that only 3 continents were allowed to exist; Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vatican knights were at all the ports and would inspect all ship logs and maps. Any mention of lands other than the 3 continents allowed to exist, were confiscated and never seen again. Columbus had the maps from Marco Polo, Saint Brennan, and others that made the trip before him.
I don't believe what you say about Christopher Columbus.
Today, no one really knows who Christopher Columbus was.
How can we say that the Pope was his uncle?
If this were true, historians would have already confirmed his identity.
Most serious historians agree that Christopher Columbus
it wasn't Italian, the Jenetics tests were done 15 years ago
with the remains of the bones of Christopher Columbus and the so-called Italian family of Christopher Columbus, the result was negative.
question ?
How could a merchant marry a woman from the Portuguese nobility and close to the King of Portugal?
impossible at that time.
the people did not mix with the nobility.
the date of arrival of the Italian Christopher Columbus in Portugal does not correspond
with Christopher Columbus who was already in Portugal
his age does not correspond to the age of Christopher Columbus who was already in Portugal ect...
Hi, could you tell me more or tell me where i can find all this information you mention about other races arriving in America before Spain, I am really curious about the Australian aboriginal people as I live in Australia and i am fascinated by their ancient culture, thank you..
I do know that Maps were controlled, guarded and often split up so one person would not know the complete chart. Some countries even used children as the artist as they were easy to control and thoght to be less worldly. So the political maneuvering you explain is very possible to me. Maps.. particularly the details of the coast were seen as national secrets and spies were always trying to discover these maps.
I actually had in my attic a box full of authentic documents dated from 1402-1493, which I found among my great grandfather's possessions, and which prove everything you allege in this video (and even some other facts that, to my knowledge, no one is aware of) . Unfortunately it vanished recently. After some inquiries I found out that the cleaning lady threw all the papers into the recycling bin. They're now gone forever. So sad...
Is that true? Damn you could have been the nail in the coffin for this theory, how well do you remember the information on the documents?
@@Culturiosity You mean "the nail in the coffin" for the opponents of these theories, right? I remember every single line as vividly as if I was holding the documents in my hands at this very moment. But now it's my word against the doubters and the sceptics, and I don't want to go through the public drilling and shame of being accused of lies and deceit . But do not despair, still there is hope. One of the documents was a letter by a direct ancestor of mine in which he described how, in the early 1400s, and following a route described to him by his own grandfather, he crossed the Atlantic Ocean Westwards and landed in a new continent. He brought a native woman with him back to Portugal. That woman converted to Catholicism and became his wife. I'm a direct descendent of that couple so buried deep in my DNA there is proof that in the early 1400s Portuguese sailors had already been to the Americas for a bit of how's your father with the native women. I have entrusted my lawyer with the necessary documents for my DNA to be donated to this TH-cam channel after my death so that the truth can be known and History amended accordingly.
@@Culturiosity He is trolling you
@@onestepcloser06 I'm not trolling anyone. Trolling is disruptive and offensive, this is just light-hearted humour (of questionable taste, eventually...)
The question is why you have fun making up your silly story.
Henry Sinclair's Templar fleet sailed from Scotland long before Columbus, There is a cenotaph, ruins, a stolen runestone and more for evidence. Columbus sailed with a Templar cross on his sails, so it is likely he saw their maps.
A red cross was used throughout Europe, bur especially Portugal - it was also the symbol of Genoa.
Columbus did NOT KNOW HOW TO SPEAK ITALIAN. That is proven beyond doubt. Also did not write anything on Italian. Will let that sink in and what obviously means
Not really surprising as Italy and "Italian" didn't exist.
He wrote in Occitan, the language of the northern mediterranean and in Portuguese, his adopted country.
Unfortunately there are no official documents left but there are a few documental indications in Portugal that Columbus was born in this little place called Cuba in the Alentejo province, southern Portugal.
@@danielt.8573 This is a slightly different story, claiming Columbus was really someone else. We keep being promised DNA evidence, but I've seen nothing so far. Cuba (which is not far from my house I Portugal) was the favoured birthplace by the Estado Novo and those trying to claim Columbus for nationalist reasons.
@@andywilliams2237E, o Nome dele era GONÇALVES ZARCO, não era "Cristóvão Colombo" .
@@vieiradosreismariadelurdes9105 To be precise, the claim is that Salvador Gonçalves Zarco is the "real" identity of Columbus, not to be confused with João Gonçalves Zarco, who was a documenter explorer. Unfortunately, there is no more proof of this claim than there is of any other.....
Very probable! Many things were lost in 1755.
Look to the diary of the 3th voyage of Columbus to America.
That’s funny… Seven cities is a town in the Azores on the island of Sao Miguel
It’s all connected…
The only thing missing is a theory that increasingly seems to stop being a theory and become a truth that has been erased by time.
I was talking to a North American Historian, who said that it is possible that Christopher Columbus was the son of a Portuguese mother or father, or even of Venesian citizens who went to live in Portugal because Portugal was very famous and led the process of cartography and nautical maps. (Escola do D.Infante), as well as being a country that monopolized world trade, surpassing the famous Venice
When Columbus first arrived to speak to the King of Portugal to finance his expedition, King John of Portugal did not want problems with the Spanish Court because of the Famous Treaty of Tordesillas and did not authorize this expedition.
Of course, we all know that it was the King of Spain who financed Columbus, but under a condition that he could not reveal that he was born in Portugal, something that secretly must have also been approved by the King of Portugal, because if it became public that Columbus was possibly Portuguese This would be admitting a clear violation of the Treaty of Tordesillas by the Portuguese
Why ? - Because it was a tradition for the Courts of Europe to grant a part of the Land to the Expedition Coordinator, the same thing that the Spanish Crown promised to Fernão de Magalhaes when he arrived in the Philippines (Fernão de Magalhaes and Del Cano responsible for the first nautical circumnavigation of the globe) that is, Columbus being Portuguese (son of foreigners born in Portugal) the Spanish crown would be giving land to a Portuguese
And there was yet another principle in the Discoveries, if a land was discovered, all the remaining portion of land would belong to the one who discovered it...end of quote
I found a lot of mistakes in your theory,The treaty of Tordesillas was acorded after the first Colombus´s voyage,would be Treaty of Alcacovas,was firmed by Castilla and Portugal in 1478.
@@danielguerrero894 There are those who call this treaty the first version of the Treaty of Tordesillas, but it is true the first treaty is actually called the Treaty of Alcáçovas Toledo ( not Alcacovas :-) ) , but there are many errors in this detail, well you must have been there to tell the correct version, say it , and share it with us ....We are excited to put an end to all these theories finally coming from those who lived in those times....but if not, don't try to be a teacher to others...after all, history is full of untruths
@@PedrodoBrasil2023 I never have told him that I was his master,by the way I from of South Spain,Huelva,the city where Colon and his carabelas went to the New World,but in the relate that they show us in Spain there are many nationalism,I always suspected that the portuguese arrived to America before and everything this was propaganda because the Papa in 1492 was spanish. I also believe that Vespucio has been a controversial figure because he travelled and realized about America with the portuguese and not with spanish boats.
@@danielguerrero894 I know Huelva like the back of my hands, a very beautiful city. I don't know if Colon was Portuguese or even Spanish, one thing I know, Colon had to come to Portugal to learn something about sailing on the open sea, the Genoese at most knew how to sail on the closed sea (Mediterraneo), and I don't see the kingdom of Portugal passing on nautical military secrets to a foreigner, secrets that made Portugal one of the Countries of Discoveries just like Spain. Soon we are faced with something very strange, and speaking of Spain in the Seville Cathedral where Columbus's remains rest, further down there are the urns of Spanish kings and princes, one of whom is the son of Spanish and Portuguese parents who are said to have the DNA of COLOMBO, just take this prince's DNA and compare it with Columbus's DNA and you can easily put an end to this nonsense of being Genovese. The Spanish already know that he is either Spanish or Portuguese, but they didn't publish this DNA study who knows why, there are political interests above the truth
@@PedrodoBrasil2023 I don ´t believe that Colon was spanish If it had been like that it would have been said from minute 1,portuguese could be but with others cases like Magellan never hid it that he was portuguese.The politic interests are not about nationality,in fact is the discover what is incorrect.
Save it
Panama Canal… the Portuguese knew about the canal before it existed!?!?😮
Then why don't the authorities in the top Universities accept these facts.
Ver a história de João Vaz Corte Real...
Yup, é um dos candidatos a ter sido o primeiro a descobrir ou pelo menos avistar a America
Portugal W
W
Shhhh you are not spouse to speak about it!
" we have a time of the owl and time of the hawk."
Let me guess... youre portuguese?
Yes, i can't denny there's a bit in me that is a little biased towards a portuguese discovery of America, but the arguments i present in this video are mostly just documents, maps and stories that everyone has access to and really question the legitimacy of the official discovery
@@Culturiosityá distância percebe-se a inveja eterna a nós portugueses daqueles que seus povos nada construíram nem descobriram.e.sempre nos tentaram roubar o que é nosso.
See the PIRI REIS MAP....and the notes the turkish admiral wrote behind It....
He absolutely hated the portuguese for kicking muslim *ss.
@@danielt.8573 portuguese.....the mongols of the seas....
I've seen the Olmec heads. Both the Black face heads and the Asian faced heads. That land seemed to be a way point for sea travelers from the african continent and the Asian continent collecting at the narrow land mass between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific.
My biggest talking point, and an area i have been researching for some time, is... if there was cross Atlantic, and cross Pacific travel, why don't we see the many crops developed by the people of the Americas in Africa and Europe before Columbus?
No tobacco, Tainos smoked a lot of tobacco, but none goes over the Atlantic until Columbus' first trip back.
No Maze, what is called corn today. Maze, like tobacco, was grown all over north and central America, and the Caribbean, but doesn't make it back over to Africa or Europe until after Columbus' first trip.
Same for potatoes, tomatoes, batata - sweet potato, cocoa - chocolate, and amazingly, cocain. All these and many more unique crops cultivated in the Americas doesn't make it across the Atlantic with all of the transatlantic crossings until after Columbus.
This is a huge hole in this study for me. And an impassable issue. Humans do not migrate and not take along seeds. Especially sacred plants, gifts of the gods, and not share them. Let alone the many crops just growing all about the major cities. Tobacco and corn being two that was so easily available and plentiful growing all over the Caribbean not getting to Africa and Europe is a huge impossibility. Food control is the most mojor control of all nations powers.
There is something missing here.
It was moors who discovered americas and people who took columbus to americas were spainish muslim also known moriscos
Moors and jews were only present in the slave trade, as you may well know!
Nope.