Aristotle's Four Causes | Highlights Ep.43
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In this Highlight from Hillsdale College’s FREE online course, “Introduction to Western Philosophy,” Dr. Nathan Schlueter explains Aristotle's four causes and how they relate to Aristotle's idea of an unmoved mover.
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I'm glad we get to live in a time when things like this have already been thought about and shared.
@Solus Christus I love to think. It’s just that I and most others lack the intellectual creativity to analyze reality the way Aristotle did, so I’m glad he came before me.
I'm so amazed by the ancient Greeks. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Diogenes, Pythagoras, etc, so many amazing minds.
Indeed, they were, but they also blocked scientific progress with their unwitting hubris. They chose "truth" rather than let truth come to them. That type of arrogance polluted science, Christianity and even this American experiment. We need to applaude their talents, but remain cautious of the mode of its delivery.
REFERENCES:
*_A Conflict of Visions_* by Thomas Sowell
*_"Overview of America,"_* JBS video [the real Left-Right paradigm]
*_"Myths vs. Facts,"_* JBS video series [how we got the Deep State and a crazy government]
*_Dumb Genius: How intelligence is sometimes its own worst enemy_* (hardcover, paperback, ebook)
@Koit Brito Why not add *_context_* to your question and logically fallacious *_incredulity_* by adding your own reasoning for questioning Diogenes? Perhaps refraining from Appeal to Ridicule could help in the discussion.
@Koit Brito And human essence is what, in your opinion? And I use the word "opinion" with emphasis, because none of us are sufficiently close to omniscience to know the full context of any thesis. How did he deny this "essence" you prize so much?
Also, you can "make fun" of anyone you want, in any way you want, but to declare that such ridicule is non-problematic remains the height of ignorance and self-delusion. Your certainty, every bit as much as my own, can be a source of extreme blindness, especially if the aim of that certainty is toward self and self's knowledge. Not only is the damage within self substantial, for it affects your future behavior, but it also taints the perceptions of others who might be affected by the shallow understanding you present. *_Truth does not care about your freedoms or perceptions,_* but Truth can be approached by greater self-humility and self-responsibility.
@Koit Brito Well said! Thank you.
And that is beautiful. Life is beautiful, thank you Hillsdale. Thank God for this knowledge.
"Before causes could be caused, the Great Uncaused caused physical and metaphysical causes to be caused." - An amateurs rendition of Gen 1:1 "caused" from watching this explanation.
Me
But he has bookshelves behind him so whatever he says must be important. 🤣
This is the same college that is heavily advertising a course in logic. Seems more like sophomoric tripe for those on the left portion of the bell curve who can easily be indoctrinated to eventually do their bidding.
As a philosophy student I thank you. This was amazing. The clarity and the passion and the beautiful filming xxx
This video has a lot of potency, I can't wait to see it in its viral form.
I'm giving a speech about "TRUTH" and this video just fell in my youtube feeds. The causality of this coincidence is a mystery. 😇
@@We_Finally_Beat_Medicare look up butterfly effect or chaos theory.
@@We_Finally_Beat_Medicare The TH-cam algorithm works in mysterious ways 😅
Massively disappointed that he didn't bite into the apple at the end
All right you! (Giggle me!)
Haha true
And this folks, is an example of higher learning. Higher learning worth paying for.
You don't have to pay for it, dang, you can do this course and many others for free nowadays. That said, I learned all of this in the 8th grade in the 1960s. Orwell was required reading back then.
That was beautiful!
Thank you for bringing these thoughts to us!
Taking a class with this guy rn, very blessed to be able to look at everything from Plato and Aristotle to Descartes and Nietzsche
awesome video! thanks!
Applied to the abortionist's rhetoric:
the potency of those 'clump of cells' you created has 100% certainty to produce the actuality of the form of a human baby (natural flaws demonstrably inclusive)
I wonder how many "pro-choice" people that hold the "clump of cells" rhetoric to heart would ironically agree with the apple being the apple tree statement. At least until they put two and two together.
@@rouninpanda6318
It also cancels out the argument about it (the clump of cells) being 'invasive' to the body of the mother. It's only invasive if they admit that it's actualizing its potency, and therefor not just a clump of cells.
After exhaustive study and listening to philosophy I feel that it is trying to explain what is existing without any impact on process. It is good for a fraction of people who wants to study but useless for billions who need food and water to survive.
My since past grandmother told me something in her last years when she had cancer. When she was young she ate an apple, her dad said that that apple was grown for her. Good to see this video.
Such a great point of view.
“An apple is an immature apple tree”. Profound!
Great job. I’ve loved Aristotle’s works since back in high school. They’re the reason that I pursued a sidebar in college of studying Attic Greek.
Stunning presentation. Thank you.
At about 4:00 I believe he's talking about the difference between essentially and accidentally ordered causal series. This unmoved/prime mover can be reasoned toward through these essentially ordered causal series. It's also echoed by Saint Thomas Aquinas in his "first way" (the argument from motion).
I think you mean essentially ordered vs accidentally ordered, or per se vs per accidens. But none of that matters because they’re all the same (respectively). I was wondering what he meant when he said the prime mover moves all things toward himself, since final causality seems to work the opposite way- at least from the perspective of creation. God creates the world because he sees that it’s good, and the goodness he sees in the world guides his creative act (I guess). But maybe I’m thinking too temporally because I’m saying this based on an image of creation that begins and ends in time, but God doesn’t create “in time”.
Also, today is a little better. They aren’t blowing the AC on full it doesn’t seem like, and I got some glasses to block whatever wind DOES hit me. I also scheduled an eye appointment. Last one apparently was in 2012.
@@whoami8434 Yeah, you’re right. But honestly I’m confused by his explanation now. Because he WAS talking about a series ordered per se, but then said the motion of that series is caused by a final cause… which makes no sense to me now, but maybe that’s an argument from final causality which is worth a Google. I guess God is the first and final cause? Pushing AND pulling us (in a sense) toward him.
And that’s good. Is the job at least tolerable now?
Thank your , I love ancient philosophy , and history , got hooked
Studying Aesthetics.
Love these courses and videos
Thank you. Very informative video.
It is a great tragedy that no one ever involved in compiling the educational paradigm, considered to include basic philosophy into the curriculum from the lower grades..
I think I was one of the last classes that received some examination of Western Civilization as a required core History courses. It wasn't long after my undergrad graduation that I went back for a graduate Engineering program in the mid 90's and found out the western civ courses had been pulled as core requirements. It immediately struck me that the leftist/marxist/gender groups who protested and had them pulled were placing our Republic in great danger in the future. I wish I hadn't been so right.
A real tragedy, what's happened to education.
All of those things you're crying about emerged from Western civilization. Jeezuschrist boy, pull up your snowflake britches and try to carry on.
Great content, Hillsdale College!
Fantastic video!
Thanks for the lecture
What a lovely Voice.
Beautiful!!
Wonderful!
I do so enjoy Aristotle ☺️🙏
Great explanation! Aristotle's at his best!
What your trying to convey is the principal of "causality" & the cycle of life as well ❗what I get from this discourse is to try to attain your full potential as a human being, also as above so below❗ great insert to provoke critical thought 👁 left a like on the video 📖
Thank you.
What is a fetus? An immature human being. Not a clump of cells. Not even potential life, but LIFE with immeasurable POTENTIAL!
Precisely! A fetus is not a potential life, but a life with potential.
So very interesting.
Free course?? I’m there! 🙏
From this one might conclude that in the beginning the Prime Mover was immature with latent potency and the Universe itself and everything in it is the Prime Mover fully actualized.
In the absence of that which is Not that Which is - is Not.
The Divine can't know Beauty, Truth and Goodness without having the opposite. As the Divine is the ultimate Beauty, Truth and Goodness, it needs the opposite to exist in order to know Itself. We are here to validate those things in our lives with our choices.
@@sssgggwww I submit that the Divine not only knew, but also "exuded" Beauty, Truth, and Goodness - being the source of the trifecta - and, without needing the opposites of those virtues to exist.
Comparison pre-requires existence of its opposite, contrast on the other hand assumes aseity. IMHO its why Jesus "contrasted" (not compared) the Father with the reluctant friend (Luke 11:5-13), the evil judge (Luke 18:1-8), and a human father (Luke 11:11-13).
Hegelian alert! This dude are thinking along with Hegel, who said that the Absolute (/God/Prime Mover) was immature and had to develop. That is not the traditional understanding at all. Hegel's view of who/what the Absoulte (/God) is or is not informed his philosophy, and this philosophy in turn was bastardized by Marx.
@@justtalking6242
Saint Teresa of Avila.
The feeling remains that God is on the journey, too.
It seems to me that your comment emphasises the Aristotelian idea of God - the unmoved mover. I am more inclined to believe that God is evolving, and that is happening throughout us - with our lives and the choices that we make. I have no idea why God would be interested in my small, insignificant, pathetic life, but the fact that we are conscious beings, free to exercise our free will, leads to that conclusion. Let’s not forget how important the observer effect in quantum physics is. We are “Gods'' as Jesus himself said in John10.34. I know that sounds silly and heretic, and in many ways I feel that too. But, perhaps, our lives are a lot more significant than we can even imagine.
Pretty good explanation of the prime mover concept by Aristotle. Looking at this again seems to me like a naive vision of reality.
thank u😊
I find the prime mover to be synonymous with what happens to people. You either draw people to your energy or you are elicited to another's.
The Gods and the Heavens and the Hells are within you. I personally believe we are individually cosmos ourselves so using the stars as guidance, not via horoscope or anything like that, but watching it's nature play out, will help us find a direction. Aristotle was truly beyond his time.
Beautiful…
The potency of man will be actualized in the new creation.
Beautiful bless
NO dislikes. True, good, beautiful! LOOK for it, though it seems elusive!
This is a nice take on the First Cause argument. Your final causation is basically Aquinas’ per se efficient causation. Your ‘attraction to & by an apple’ is Aquinas’s mutual simultaneous relation of hand and stirring tea spoon.
And in the light of modern science per accidens efficient causation is just the same type of relation but across time. The four causes are just aspects of the cosmic unity.
These patterns do not, as per atheistic criticism from Russel onwards, demand transcendent causation (at least without bringing in the human spiritual mind).
A great metaphysical insight however it becomes challenging to use for a person.
The form is the arrangement/order of the matters (material).
Different forms (arrangements) of the same matters (material) will consequently to different things (reality).
(Think about what different frequencies caused different forms of dust formation.)
- Effective cause is the direct cause of things (reality of things).
Word. The prime mover is God who set everything in motion.
Amen! His word from outside space and time. He is the non-dichotomous (non-action-reaction) perfection of "Source."
That's fine if that's your personal belief but this guy's argument did absolutely nothing to support that conclusion. It's hard to fathom how such a rigorless argument could be forwarded by a professor of philosophy.
@@mikel5582he came to the conclusion that causation can only go so far back and that a prime mover(God) without a cause itself would have to have started the first cause and that everything to point to the the prime mover
GTFO here w that fictional bs
Nice assertion.
And yet, the populace, en masse, willfully avoid such contemplation. Said person's tend to espouse their proclamations proudly, but in actuality, more often than not, they are but regurgitating the thoughts of another. You see, it is my belief, flawed as it is likely to be, that such proclivities to assuage ones responsibility for one's thoughts is instilled, even ingrained in us as we make our journey through the public school system. Rather than becoming inspired to seek out knowledge, the primary lesson learned by many, if not most, is apathy. Not to mention the condemnation towards those whom remain inquisitive. Ultimately, most choose to become ideologues, never questioning thier presuppositions about God, even though such weren't concluded by themselves to begin with. In my opinion, perhaps the subconscious reason most choose not to earnestly wrestle with God is because they may become enlightened to some degree, simultaneously negating the excuses they have worn like armor in defense of actions they intuitively know they ought not to have engaged in. I believe Israel translates roughly to he/those whom wrestle with God. This idea is profound to me. Bear with me. If one embraces faith blindly, or one outright ignores it, both are of equal sin. Aren't they? To clarify: I refer to the word sin as in the loose translation of missing the target, not in the deadly biblical sense of the word.
Well, these are simply the thoughts that came to mind during your video. Which I enjoyed, by the way. 👍I appreciate you taking the time to read my ramblings, mad as they likely are. Take care and God bless. ✝️
Interesting, worth reading, and worth reading again--thanks!
@@cynthiawadeson8843 What does one say when given such high praise? In truth, I must admit that your words made me feel validated, as so often I am lost in such contemplations, yet tend to share them not. After all, I am acutely aware of how flawed my thinking can be. Such is life. For it is in our greatest failures that we earn wisdom. I seem to have gone off on a bit of a tangent. My apologies. I mean to say, wholeheartedly, thank you. Take care and God bless. ✝️
Edit: talk to text leaves something to be desired, does it not?
Wow! I'll be back!
💜 The Tao!
What painting was that with the women that was water color on a patio?
You can find it here: commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marie_Egner_-_A_flower_lover_on_a_sunny_terrace.jpg
I am so happy to be disabused bud, I thought the prime mover was affiliated with the U-Haul business.
This certainly caused my brain cells to move
Name of painting or artist @ 1:48?
I'm not convinced by the concept of the "unmoved" mover yet.
Hylomorphism - matter and form
Efficient cause
Potency
An apple is an immature apple tree
Very high degree of potency
Low degree of actuality
Potency has been actualized
Ultimate causal explanation
Infinite series of causation
Final cause: prime mover, unmoved mover
Movement of our will
Let's apply this the the lefts version of conception
Is cause another way of looking at it as an action? Because in action will take place and then they'll be a reaction to what the action took place. Which we become cause. It's the way I understand it.
The cause of gravity is the earth approaching the released object: Galilean relative motion. All atomic objects expand at 1/770,000th their size per second per second constant acceleration. “The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon. “The Unique and Its Property “, Max Stirner,1844/2017 Landstreicher translation for the end of all ‘fixed ideas.’
Apples are delicious, therefore intelligent design.
A remarkable feat of logic right there, folks..
Great non sequitur, speaking of logic. Real genius level mate. Surely you were the debate team captain.
@@stonecutter speaking of genius, I'm sure you realized that I was paraphrasing the argument made in this video, with the intention of highlighting its _non sequiter_ nature. And of course you understood that when I said it was a "remarkable feat of logic", I was being utterly sarcastic. Right? Of course you did.. 😒
6:13 the professor says the prime mover doesn’t oversee or manage the cosmos therefore Aristotle’s final cause couldn’t be an argument for intelligent design
on You Tube
11th,16 May 2022
Help me understand the efficient cause, please. I understand everything else.
The efficient cause is what in common parlance is simply called the cause. It is the agent of a change or movement. For instance, in the case of a statue, the efficient cause is the person chiseling away which transforms a block of marble into a statue.
@@darkstorm207 Got it. When people refer to a cause, they're generally pointing to an efficient cause.
@@pendejo6466 Yes, exactly! I'm happy it helped.
trails
The prime mover of all things is the eternal God. There is no way around this truth. You cannot have infinite regress.
my mind rn: blown lmaoooo
Using that logic, he'd also say an embryo is a human.
It is
I wonder if Aristotle would be able to know the cause of Donnies recent sweating spells. I saw three of them in less than one month.
Plague be on Francis Bacon!
What?
All I know is....I don't know diddly 🤣🤣🤣
You would do better without the music
Atheists have a hard time with the "Final Cause" or "Prime Mover." Buddhists, however, not concerned with God, have a mindset which is fully prepared to understand the *_non-effect,_* non-dichotomous *_Cause_* that is God. This Buddhist ideal is called *_"paramita"_* or "perfection."
Christ and the prophets of old had perfected *_humble confidence,_* which we can also call *_"faith."_* This is spiritual confidence, instead of the mortal, doubt-polluted kind. And this is spiritual humility, instead of the mortal, arrogance-infested kind. All of the egoistic dichotomies have their perfected counterpart in spirit -- unconditional love, perfect responsibility, undying gratitude and many others.
REFERENCES:
*_The Logical Christian_* (hardcover)
*_The Science of Miracles_* (hardcover, paperback, ebook)
*_Four Elements of God_* (hardcover, paperback, ebook)
My comment is great to show on Aristotle but what does that say about the man he is made of molecules, and material cause, he is formally a pattern, and a mind and a spirit, that is arranged or is at least aware of some time of arrangement that is animated. His efficient cause is the real designer of this and it sure is not just heredity, it is more over a purpose or a final cause, that which makes us human for a human has a will or volition that is key to being a human, animals are not human. So, knowing our essences in form, is what Aristotle, is speaking of what man is and where he is potentializing his actualization in order to stay with the bible says to become more and more human and become more perfect in doing that which is what we can stay humble and learn of our lives what is important to God, and not what is appearing to be pleasing, it must be unnaturally.
we are in the blackness the carbon all around us like our creator who’s black cern found this out late 1990s and they are scured❤
Causality is the only truth in the universe.
1/7 my friend
So in essence, the prime mover is god
now do "what is a woman"?
That would come under "Gender studies," not philosophy. Inner identities have a more of a personal definition rather than a societal one. What I define as gender will be different than your definition of it.
At o
Congrats asa Worksheet5 kana HAHAHAHAHA
Aristotle: Cause I say so Bro. Αριστοτελες: Υιατι μιλαο ητον φιλε.
There is only one cause or creator of the creation according to Timeaus and the Bible. Jerimiah 23:24 Can any hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him? saith the LORD. Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith the LORD. Act 17:24 God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;
Act 17:25 Neither is worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed any thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;
Act 17:26 And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;
Act 17:27 That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us:
Act 17:28 For in him we live, and move, and have our being; ...
Colossians 1:15 Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature:
Col 1:16 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him:
Col 1:17 And he is before all things, and by him all things consist.
Col 1:18 And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.
Col 1:19 For it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dwell;
Col 1:20 And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven.
Still didn't explain how you can have truth without knowledge...
Q: What is the material cause of the mind? A: Not the brain, the contents of mind. (The brain is the material cause of the brain.) So not very helpful terminology in this case. I prefer the terms 'immediate' or 'substantial' cause.
This type of linking ideas to the absurd (an apple is an apple tree) is why you have kids thinking a 10 million population city just fell on an indian tribe taking their whole land in one swoop. Or why we need to grind everything to a halt because of an emergency with the environment. It ignored the usage of a word. You don’t hand me a wrench and say some crap about the metal it was; there are jobs to do and we use language to communicate with purpose. I don’t need all forms of something to understand.
Whennn you want... something... to soound profound. Make your voice whispy and draw out the syllables.
Prime over is God
am i a god?
if an apple is an apple tree.
Not yet.
I hate to tell you this, but Aristotle was wrong about just about everything in this video. He had an orderly mind, but he did not give order to the apple but to human perceptions of the apple. And don't use an apple. Galileo and Newton overturned Aristotle's incorrect premise that things remain at rest unless moved, and, in doing so, inputted immense inertia into the development of empirical sciences. Symbolizing this abandonment of Aristotelean reasoning for empirical results is Newton's apple.
Truth is what the "winner" says it is.
You confused truth with fact.
Truth is WRITTEN by the winner.
It may not be truth, but the winner is the writer, so it is true to those who read it.
Like The Bible, The Koran or The Torah.
@@OhJaniceWhyOhWhy fallacy of truth, i.e...ultimate charlatan's manipulative fraud claimed by a devout narcissist.
@@elysianfields6350 Nice one!
@@OhJaniceWhyOhWhy basic argumentology #1 facts. #2 definitions #3 values #4 policy.
The guy lacks sufficient insight to differentiate facts from values..truth is a value at best.
@@elysianfields6350 Well, duh.....
so for Marx, a Socialist is a tree in full maturity borne of the seed that is capitalism? hmmm.
I don’t understand
Will you please elaborate
An Apple isnt an Apple tree. Are you a professor of something and never heard of an equivocation logical fallacy?
So basically since Aristotle couldnt keep arguing in circles he just finalized it by claiming there can only be one initial mover? "Why would you add agency to the "unmoved mover"? This is still not an explanation for how it all started... also the Greeks referred to this as "Logos". You sound like you are trying to turn it into a conscious being of some sort that had to have created it all. What does the actual data point to as being more probable?
Hare Krishna all you groovy freaks 😅