AMAZING 11,000-Year-Old Concrete / Artificial Stone at Göbekli Tepe: Ancient Lost Technology
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ก.ค. 2024
- Terrazzo is a composite material, poured in place or pre-cast, a type of ancient man-made artificial concrete, made with limestone fragments embedded in a lime mortar.
This 'artificial stone' mixture, what some call a geopolymer, was used between 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, a genuine ancient technology and innovation before humans had even invented pottery and is found at Göbekli Tepe, Çayönü Tepesi and Nevali Çori, and as I show in this video, I believe it was also used at Karahan Tepe.
Crushed limestone in the mortar gave the floors added strength and also a mottled appearance but the ancient people would have had to manufacture the lime mortar first of all.
When the terrazzo floor of Çayönü was analysed, the mortar contained burned and slaked limestone, which was produced using extremely high temperatures, around 870 degrees, meaning there must have been kilns to fire the crushed limestone.
This video is a fascinating and fact-based look at how the Pre-Pottery Neolithic people of ancient Anatolia made amazing stone-like floors in special buildings, many thousands and thousands of years ago.
All images are taken from the below sources for educational purposes only. Please subscribe to Ancient Architects, Like the video and please leave a comment below. Thank you.
Sources:
dergipark.org.tr/en/download/...
www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
www.mynet.com/galeri/dunya-uy...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
#AncientArchitects #GobekliTepe #KarahanTepe
An old video - updated - as I work on a brand new 30 minute special, which should be ready early next week! Thanks for being here!
Cheers!
your welcome, Matt! thank you for your hard work👍😉
Thank you for your efforts.
It looks like the buttresses and statues were coated with concrete or some other kind of preserving surfacing after much weathering and/or erosion. Given that the weathering would take a very long time it could be that many later generations / centuries passed between initial construction and re-enforcement.
Your channel is really great. The amount of work and dedication is commendable.
Main stream archeology will have us believe that Hunter gatherers built this site . I can picture them coming home after a long day hunting and gathering to admire the nice polished terrazzo floor
Far more advanced than we would have ever thought.
It's too bad the global elite are covering over it with concrete. 😠
They made concrete but not pottery ….amazing🤷♂️
Maybe they just had a better alternative (in their opinion)
Concrete and pottery are made from different materials
maybe they did but the pottery crumbled over time
@@rodricbr good point, maybe baskets or the like.
@@rodricbr In Austria and Czechia ceramic figures from the Gravettien have been found. The Venus from Dolní Věstonice is in quite good shape.
göbekli tepe is one real treasure of the past. can't wait for your video special!
I think I remember terrazzo being mentioned before in a video about another site. I remember commenting something like, "isn't it amazing how our distant ancestors continued developing their home and common surroundings from very early on!" That comment would seem to be appropriate this time as well. I don't understand why some people continue to underestimate the intelligence of our ancestors, or their ability to take an idea or development and run with it Your videos, Matt, have illustrated numerous instances of periodic differentiation, indicative of evolution in methods, materials and preferences.
This example is too complex to be a first attempt, and it is easy to see that using colored rock or pieces of pottery would be an innovation easily come by for artistically inclined ancestors. Over centuries, by stages, terrazzo had become high art in Greek and Roman floors. Modern versions may seem simpler, relying on metal frames and inlays, but that is a matter of taste. I am accustomed to rooms painted or papered in simple patterns and colors, and find Roman wall painting interesting but not for me, too busy and colorful.
Of course, some might say that the zigzag pattern at the entrance must have been a Cha cha type line dance taught them by time travelers or Atlanteans. Thanks for keeping things real with rational, data, science and engineering based speculation.
I love terrazzo floors! (Florida still has plenty!)..
"Modern versions may seem simpler, relying on metal frames and inlays, but that is a matter of taste."" ? ?
The ""Simple"" reason is because of what we see here ! ""Cracking"" !
Concrete is Great in Compression but Poor in Tension, so to accommodate this problem, we can calculate the necessary size of any area of concrete to be sure of preventing such cracks from occurring !
Terrazzo is no different, and so we can design, appropriate designs into the Terrazzo, within those bounds !
Experience { for the Romans }, will lead to the same result !
More of these floors please Matt !
Stay grounded and fixed !
Stu xx
@@Rovinman - Ha! Hate to tell you, but terrazzo cracks! Very much so! Come to my house, I'll show you plenty of them! 🤣
@@ShortbusMooner Sorry about that ! Who put it down for you ?
@@Rovinman - Terrazzo was REALLY popular in Florida, back in the 60s & 70s (it is very efficient in keeping homes cooler), so mine is literally decades old, no clue as to the builder. Every home in which I've lived that has terrazzo has had some cracking. Not bad, but some. It can be repaired, but it doesn't bother me- I love terrazzo, so it just adds character! LOL!
The evidence you've uncovered here is almost incontrovertible proof that the floor at Gobekli is not limestone bedrock. Hopefully you get recognition for all of the work you're doing here.
That actually is AMAZING to me! I could live on a desert island for 5000 years and i wouldnt have even got close to discovering fire 😂
I’d survive a week before eating my own arm.
@@AncientArchitects 😂
You’d discover it accidentally through lightning
Figuring out that burnt limestone can be made into mortar must have been an amazing discovery. Ancient man must of had some smarticals.
So, concrete is older than pottery? Mind blown
When you mentioned the blood crystal at minute 7, has there been done any further studies into this? Would be very cool to know the haplogroup and such, but again it could be hard with such old remains. I have no idea, just curious :)
Matt, it's about time some University caught up with your ideas and upon investigation, gave you at least honorary Doctorate title!
Quite agree there. Matt's scholarship and clarity of explanation is something other academics could learn from. Clear communication and excellent video production.
@@db61487 I mean, I tip my hat seeing what Matt had read. Over the years that I follow him, it surely exceeds the topics and materials which are in curriculum of an average archaeologist. Lately he seems to steer away from what is considered a "pseudoscience", I secretly think he is actually studying officially and tries to become an orderly anointed archaeologist, which would make sense.
I personally believe in the lost civilization concept. But there isn't much evidence, and that little what is, can still be discounted, however ridiculous it looks. But we're living in the interesting times and it seems these truths are being slowly revealed, just as we're edging to the nuclear war...
Need to get an x-ray system in there to inspect those pillars.
We welcome open minded producer in recognizing artificial stone art, ancient geopolymer concrete.
How we can tell natural from artificial stone tech? By the air pocket in the artificial stone introduced which is absent in natural stones.
I'm just wondering if you have seen the news about the cave paintings in Sulawesi. They were already determined to be the oldest, even older than those in Europe, but they have now pushed back for another several thousands of years and are now dated more than 50,000 years old. They have used a new technology which gives a much more precies date. It would be great if this could also work on sites like Gobekli Tepe and others and be even more precise in their dates. They do think the technology can be used world wide and is not specific to the area. So I suspect we are going to be surprised by a lot of new dates, specifically where it is very hard to determine.
Such artificial concrete is more impressive than the carvings, considering the time and planning involved to create concrete (that's granting that they figured it out back then)
How cool! Thanks Matt!
Very cool - these people were very clever
Awe-inspiring stuff. I wonder how many concrete buildings of today will leave such coherent ruins in 10,000 years...
None if they were made with modern concrete
Assuming there is collapse of civilisation due to some disaster, and the buildings made of concrete and steel collapse? The remnants may create the impression that we lived in underground parking lots.. 🙃🙂🤣
Please understand that this theory just popped into my head as a somewhat viable attempt at a joke.. 😉
Even "stainless" steel will rust away.. eventually.. 🤔
Hi Matt. If you have the patient to study the chemistry behind the geopolymer theory, you will discover that the ammount of energy (temperature) need to obtain the final product is often less you expect.
I have terrazzo floors! I love them..
The deeper we dig, the older "the tech" is proven.
I love how much really logical evidence you put out there for the possibility of hypocausts at these sites (in other videos, too), and the watertight Terrazzo works in that regard as well!
Always a brain tingling delight, cheers!
... as a German Biologist -
there must be so much more to be found
it takes intense farming
to sustain a population to accomplish this
and plant engineering is a tricky patient study over 100´s of years
there must be settlements in the area
and other works in the evolution to get there...
we prefer to waste trillions in self extinction war fare..
yes but if the academics admit this and investigate it then it blows up their bullshit ideas about the birth of civilization and pushes the timelines way back, which they hate, because it discredits all their published work.
@@TopShelfMontanaYour irrational comment is sure to be better received on the many entertainment channels that cater to your type of fantasist claims.
People who have studied the site and have studied archeology in general currently conjecture that proper agriculture was not used by the people there at that time. Certainly it is all theory, but I think we should take their research into account and then find evidence to show agriculture.
@@pcatful the evidence of agriculture is clear from the massive building scale where divisions of skilled labor are required. You don't support that kind of manpower over generations with hunter gathering for food.
The "people who have studied" Egypt think the pyramids are tombs as well. So to me the mainstream academics are mostly full of shit, just trying to protect their published theories and unwilling to adjust their thinking when presented with new facts.
This site is an example. Their reasoning is:
Agriculture started 5000 BCE. This site is 10,000 BCE. Therefore there was no agriculture.
Circular logic
I cannot make sense of those enclosures as having been built for ritual or other meeting purposes. But I keep seeing more and more evidence that they were storage tanks for water, from springs and/or rain. Clues like the absence of true entrances or connecting doors, but water passages between adjacent enclosures, the plastered floor, the thick multi-layered walls of the big enclosure (needed to resist water pressure), ...
The large population of the site could then be explained by the existence of those water works, providing water all year round even in the dry season.
The three enclosures at Karahan Tepe show a progression between a small tank dug around a spring, a larger tank with bedrock columns to collect the runoff of that tank, and a bigger tank -- a pool perhaps? -- collecting the runoff from that second tank, plus water from other sources.
But after a millennium or so the spring must have dried up and/or the rain got too scarce to fill all the tanks. The enclosures may *then* have been repurposed for habitation or other communal use, before the site was abandoned for good.
As you note in another video, the pillars, benches, and some of the walls were probably added, rearranged, or reworked over that time span. And the decoration on the pillars, if not added at a later time, is an idea that would have come naturally to those teams who were hacking the pillars in the quarry. Sculpting a decorated surface takes the same effort as making a flat one.
very interesting theory... because why would people 9000 years ago wanted to have a private hut when living in hunter-gatherer society? Nobody had any precious private property, they needed to cooperate and share to survive. And for sure they noticed that water is running downhill, so they built water tanks on top of it. Second thing is that 9000 years ago, it was not sand desert, sea level and rivers were completely different as well as forests etc.
@@michalmondek3418 A spring may well occur near the top of a hill; it depends on local geology. Limestone typically has complicated networks of undergound water channels, that change with time. And it could have been a thermal spring: the Famous Göbekli Tepe Spa may make even more sense than the Providential Göbekli Tepe Water Works. And *what* exactly was the climate there 10'000 years ago, and how was it changing?
I think this place was used for
blood-sport. The relief of a cowering man being charged by two leopards is proof enough. Now there’s blood? Plot thickens
I really enjoy your videos and appreciate when you engage in discussion around 'alternate' theories on these fascinating subjects. It's helpful to hear the primary and alternative theories explained and when necessary, debunked or reinforced. I think it's a testament to how magnificent these structures are that people have come up with some very wide ranging ideas on how it all came to pass.
Thank You Matt! This is important. Geopolymer is a tricky topic.
The place bear the signs of having been built over the existing structure of an even older civilization than the one who built Gobekli Tepe.
I wonder if they noticed that limestone powder and chips generated by carving the limestone blocks self-aggregated when exposed to water? I imagine a fair amount building up around a block they were carving, then being soaked by rainwater, and setting like cement in that form. It would be just the kind of accidental discovery that could change their lives. Sort of like noticing molten copper flowing out of a cookfire built in a ring of copper-rich rocks/ore.
Amazingly sophisticated for 10,000+/- years ago. Thanks Matt!
Are these just giant cisterns? This all looks like water management. It even looks like wooden floors go on top of the pillars. Did anyone even walk on these floors when the structures were in use?
So much better. The work this man has done on his speach problems is ABSOLUTELY INCREDIBLE. I can now concentrate on the subject matter.
Having learned how to make wood ash concrete i find it impossible not to discover the permant set qualities of concrete within a few generations of using fire to cook. Of course people 9 thousand years ago knew how to make concrete of some sort. Probably erectus knew too, probably at least a million years ago. Eventually some evidence will emerge, until then what a gorgous example we havw in Gobekli Tepes tarasso.
I love how you qualify when you're not and and sah wben you don't know something for sure. We need more content creators willing to do this!
It's hard to fathom what the 'Pillared enclosure' AB is designed for. It would appear to serve a specific purpose given it's peculiar design. It suggests to me something of a manufacturing process, though I don't have a clue of what that might be.
As some lad said:
Things keep getting older.
It's interest to think about the processes of discovery here. Somebody notices that limestone cracks and changes properties when baked, so they start slaking it in kilns for mortar. Then somebody notices that wet clay bakes hard in the kilns and starts the pottery revolution. Then somebody notices that certain rocks melt and yield metals.
👍 A lot of people picture the inhabitants walking around on dirt and mud, this just shows that they did have brooms and nice floors to keep clean.
Yeah, but human sacrifice might have been the norm in that room but no blood on the floor? And how many "floors" below the one we are looking at? Do we know yet? I'm suspecting the floors are layered one on top of another.
@@nomadscavenger Too small for a body.. a nice pot of thigh stew however..
Great video as always. Thank you for your continued attention to this location, the pyramids and others, I enjoy watching all the videos you create. Keep up the great work.
Thank you sir!👍
Ancient leaders were picked for their strength and ability to hunt and fight.
There must have been also a class or branch of artists and thinkers.
This class i believe became the power behind the throne and later were treated as gods.
Thus sites like Gobekli Tepi would have a permanent settlement of elites who used and were fed by hunter gatherers .
Lol
Lol...neanderthals grew food...
Neanderthals grew food it's been recognised now...any human with a modern brain would off observed seeds sprouting and plants growing and worked it out in no time...its possible the heards off animals were so available that it wasn't so much hunting more more just hitting one over the head n eating it there could been huge amounts off lizards n insects n birds n berries but the idea humans only noticed how trees grow only such a short time ago....trees and plants would off absolutely fascinated all humans since forever we would off observed seeds growing since forever
@@jshaw4757 And it took intelligence to achieve .
Perhaps one or two individuals .
These people didn't have modern brains . 😁
@@yodbod Every life form is intelligent you got no idea how much so...people only conceptualise intelligence with technology but that was a path we took and will destroy us probably in the not too distant future and without our tech we are babies n lambs too the slaughter meanwhile every other living thing invested in its natural abilitys n instincts and will be just fine n carry on as usual whilst we go through another dumb cycle again from our own hand because we are so intelligent off course ✌
Fascinating!
Was the process for making this concrete then lost to time at some point until the Romans supposedly 'invented' concrete thousands of years later?
Very interesting, yet I think it would be better to come to such hypotheses after you have actually been there. Hope you get the chance!
0:44 the handbag mystery is soo mysterious. For the amount of of different cultures that portray them. Their usage and importance must have been massive. Thanks and algo's
Certainly a good concept that packed floors would lead to the discovery of concretes and their making and usage!
Always interesting, thankyou.
Great documentary video! Thank you for the (new to me) old information. :-)
With the lines, polished floor and uniform shape it seems like a sports centre/court of some description maybe?
Yeah, those lines definitely seem like they would have had a function; ridiculous how everything is labeled art without a better explanation.
@@cblair1353where were the blood "crystals"located in that room? A great floor, but covering up what exactly? There could be layers of flooring using terrazzo. The white lines could have a sinister purpose, and added each time the floor was done over?
I'm into geopolymer technology. The terrazo would be high tech, more interesting than the carvings.
Where does one study this technology?
Thanks 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
I live where we can mine what I call glacial cement. Heavy with limestone jumble crush, natural clay sand substrate, dries into hard pack. Just add quick lime.
Interesting. TY.
Love from Leicestershire, been watching you for years, hope you do a meet up event one day
mabey a silly question, but could the T shaped pillars have been made of a poured concrete?
Can't wait for the next one, great video!
it's so obvious that the smaller low quality rocks were placed there way after the megalithic high tech ones attempting to rebuild the already ancient construction. the original megalithic construction is probably millions of years old.
Probably not.
@@pcatfulI think they meant 1,000s of years earlier, because we really don't know yet what was there originally, do we? There's stuff still buried in that floor, right?
What I find interesting and fascinating is that so many things were invented before pottery. Terrazzo before pottery almost seems counterintuitive. Why was pottery invented so comparatively late? I would really like to understand. Does anyone have any idea? When we think of great inventions, we think of the wheel. It seems like pottery was one of the greatest inventions, and it was not at all obvious to relatively sophisticated societies.
Not always. In Japan we have the oldest pottery and was invented before other stuff
Nice observation. 😊
If these people produced pottery then they could produce lime. It is not difficult.
It's obviously a basketball court.
Yes, that spalling of the outer layer of pillars does look like it might be a cement applied to them.
"the whole concept would be more complicated and involve more energy than simply cutting and moving stone blocks"
Well... the jury is still out on this, but creating blocks of "geopolymer" would not require much more than buckets to carry the material and a string/rope to cut them. The more I'm learning about this, the more convincing it's getting. I was VERY skeptical when I assumed that massive timber forms/molds would be required, but this may not be the case.
Seems like a dance floor.
Very interesting !
Lime plaster requires fiber to provide tensile strength. It doesn't take much effort or any special testing to identify it. If the pillars were coated in plaster, it would be obvious to anyone studying them. Without fiber the plaster cracks and flakes off while curing.
I can bet that they will eventually find a piece of pottery there.
They appear to have stopped looking.
Yep
Fascinating subject.Intriguing video as well.
It is exhilarating for us to be looking at something so ancient for the first time before all the dogma and orthodoxy kills the discussion.
Let us hope that the Turkish authorities will show an enlightened approach to research into our ancestry and allow further research unlike a certain myopic country I won't mention!
The technique used to cut the pillars most likely made the concrete that they used for the floors and resurfacing
I had a vague suspicion that this site was a fake and this video confirms that
As a 59 year old who always had an interest in the ancient world the fact that I had never heard of this place before was suspicious
Concrete Forms = modern construction
Period
Love to hear your thoughts on zernaki tepe
Sharing
It's no wonder to me that the lithic peoples knew their stone-work. That was their medium and they mastered it. I remember seeing an archaeological experiment at Skara Brae where they wanted to move a huge stone. There were lots of people pulling it with ropes without too much progress. Then a local came by and suggested that they use seaweed under the stone and it just slid along. We have so much more to learn, it's very exciting.
The difference between stone and concrete, concrete can be moved in smaller quantities at one time. A 1 ton block would require the entire weight be moved at once. A concrete "stone" is of 1 ton can be moved and in quantities and shapes that a single man could do.
I still think enclosure AB had a stone and terrazzo floor resting on top of the pillars so the area above could be filled with water and heated from underneath.
Nice. I was just hoping to find something new on ancient civilizations and saw this and read your pinned comment. I will sub and see what you have on offer.
Or cavis tepe, ayanis tepe. By the way zernaki tepe always gets confused with new ruins of Bolivia, but they are actually in lake van area of Turkey.
I'd love for you to do a podcast on these ruins as I'd like to learn more.👍💯☮️
Theyv discovered the concept of mixing minerals with water heating rocks to make lime to make cement there doing things the Romans did that not even Brits knew about ,but your telling me no one at the time messed about with clay and find out when it drys its tough and water proof and even better when your heat it up ?
Was it the same concrete like mix in Egypt
Hi Matt. I would be very interested to hear your take on what the purpose or cause of the many dimples on the top of the T pillars. Shown at the 4.55 minute mark. I have not heard of these being mentioned before.
Great video once again. Thanks
Lime kilns are very old technology. Liming of soil was, along with slashing & burning and irrigation, the only means of improving agricultural output available during the neolithic.
I've long wondered whether it was pottery kilns that lead to the development of lime kilns, or whether it was lime kilns that led to the development of pottery kilns.
Early stages of geopolymer technology?
Seems a reasonable hypothesis.
Is there a distinction to be made on the different kinds of spaces at each site. Is one space more likely to be 'sacred' than another? Do different sites have kinds of spaces in common?
Or put another way: what makes these buildings with Terrazzo floors distinct from other spaces of the 'community' they serve?
Maybe they needed to be covered over every so often? Because of the type of "activity" going on there? Especially if it had something to do with sacrifices? Humans, and probably the Neanderthals were into it long before any kind of religion came into being...and it's still an important, if just symbolic, part of accepted religions today.
Seems odd no one can tell the difference between natural limestone and terrazzo. What's the beef between archaeologists and the rest of science -- especially geologists?
Self serving wankers probably.
Huge cauldron carved into the floor, with crystallized, dried human blood. What were the people there doing?
This goes to show how advanced this culture was! Definitely these were settlements and not just ceremonial centers. Kids are still being taught that Sumer is the earliest civilization! Why are we hiding the truth? It has to do with the destruction of civilization by repeated disasters
Seems a little odd we could construct something like this before we figured out how to make pottery
Human blood crystals, yikes. There must have been a lot of blood for it to have crystalized, a cut hand while constructing wouldn't do it.
smth bad was going on there 12k years ago..
There are so many factors I just don't know there can be many reasons one site is eroding faster than the other.
The white stripes were explained in a video by Dr Haydu Moranuci. They were instrumental in the ceremonies of the day which involved the two sexes facing off against each other within the limits of those lines. Someone would beat a drum and then they would all step forward and make vocalizations similar to an owl. They did this three times a day before heading out in parties of 5 people to hunt and gather. Upon their return they would do the same to celebrate and propitiate their entities of veneration, believed to be their ancestors.
👍🏼
No, the low relief sculpture of animals and stuff on the T pillars is clearly not made with “high precision.” But others are also repeating his fallacy.
Intriguing, can radar scans penetrate this concrete/stone floor?
I always heard that the Romans invented concrete. Guess that isn’t true…maybe re-invented it.
Sorry... I couldn't help but think 'Chorizo'... And then your explanation of how it was mixed... Yep!!! Chorizo...(???)!!!
Didn’t I hear that they were stopping all work there?
👍😃👍