@@cezarcatalin1406 if you read my comment you would know magic is clearly involved here. maybe it's for the reason you described, maybe it is something else I don't understand. but there is clearly some kind of sorcery
Something interesting to think about is that stationary objects with negative mass actually have potential energy relative to when they're moving, so you can extract energy from them with accelerating them.
@@cubing7276 I mean, you could pull off the same trick by switching to a reference frame where a positive mass object is always moving, and hence always has kinetic energy. It'd fall down because the things around it wouldn't be still enough for any energy to be extracted, likewise in the negative mass reference frame the objects around it would all be moving really fast, and then I /think/ you can't extract energy. Like, similar to how you need a big speed difference in positive mass to extract energy, you need a /small/ speed difference to extract energy from an object with negative mass.
It's weird. The two objects would have 0mass. So moving at Lightspeed is ok. But the more momentum they had still is lost since they can't go faster then Lightspeed and have 0mass. So... They turned into some wave?
perhaps they turn into a wave and go light speed and all the extra energy and momentum that's "lost" is converted into some other form like heat or something
8:00 So the universe devs just said "Well we ain't gonna fix this division by 0 bug here with negative masses because the chance of it happening is too low"? I wouldn't trust my universe with such slackers.
“2023 update change log: - division by zero bug when two opposite mass blocks collided was fixed. They now explode the same way matter and antimatter annihilate, because making them stay still was boring and changing the speed of light is too much work for us”
@@ewanstewart2001 Newton's theory contains a divide by 0 singularity, in the gravitational law. If two particles could be at the same place, no matter how weak the gravitational force is and no matter how small the masses are, r would be 0 and you get an infinite force. These singularities are useful to point out where the theory breaks down, turns out no massive particles (fermions) can occupy the same volume, due to Pauli's exclusion principle. Same in black holes, they don't contain an infinitely dense singularity at their center, we just don't know the correct theory for describing that region.
@@ewanstewart2001 but also that its unlikely for the singularity to be a point because we also have quantum physics. But doesn't Hawking Radiation involve a negative energy in its entangled pair?
7:30 It seems when + and - masses collide inelastically, the masses cancel, leaving only the sum of the mass remaining. So if + and - masses were exactly equal, you would have 0 mass remaining to go infinite (or light) speed, which is fine.
This is sort of what happens when an electron and a positron collide. Usually when those two particles combine, they form 2 or more photons that split the combined momentum of both particles and the two 0.511MeV rest masses. All of that energy is spread amongst the photons such that momentum and everything else that must be conserved, is conserved. The massless photons leave the scene of the collision at the speed of light. Photons with that much energy are called gamma rays. If attempted with 5kg masses of matter and antimatter, this would result in a much larger explosion than the nuclear blast shown in the video. Antimatter has positive mass. So far everything known has a positive mass. If an electron collided with a hypothetical negative mass electron, they couldn't simply annihilate, as there would be no particles to carry the momentum and charge away from the collision. They would have to bounce.
@@hamjudo well not a physics student here but from my understanding negative mass meeting a positive mass would complete "annihilate". in the sense both would simply cease to be. I guess in a way the example im thing about is when a positive mass and a negative mass spontaneously appear and then disappear due to the conservative of energy. you started with no energy and are left with no energy.
@@memesterjohnson1402 That's anti matter and normal matter, not negative mass and positive mass. I mean maybe it would, it's not something we can test (as far as we know), but our equations don't predict annihilation.
Criminally undersubbed. You took a concept that is inherently complex and reduced it to a level that everyone can access. A mark of a great teacher to be sure!
The clicky sound returns! Thank you for showing the math for every collision. Your explanations were good enough that I didn’t have to read them, but if I was ever confused by an interaction, having the Physics 1 math available is a good second chance to understand what’s happening. I’ve been going through the SoME1 submissions, giving people feedback, and honestly, your video didn’t have any problems I noticed. It’s well paced, everything is clear, and if someone started talking to me about negative mass interactions, I think I could explain the main points of the video to them. You stuck to 3B1B’s video format rather closely, but he uses it for a reason. It works well.
Ooh I love this! Another interesting thing to think about is if inertial mass and gravitational mass are not intrinsically equal to one another. Such a notion isn’t compatible with GR as it violates the equivalence principle, but hey we can dive into the world of science fiction whenever we please. If you define that exotic matter has a normal inertial mass but an inverted gravitational mass, you get normal conservation of momentum and a rather nice coulomb-like negative gravitational force. Normal inertial mass with small perturbations from its normal gravitational mass on the other hand would give you a hard time noticing the difference in the first place, and an even harder time trying to seperate them since centrifuges won’t do anything. Also I want to see plausible physics behind gravitational flux expulsion, because that could give some much more interesting antigravity.
Wow this is really good! I thought you were another big channel like 3Blue1Brown or something based on the quality. I wish you the best for your youtube success.
At 9:58, you say that they're identical, but that's only because you assumed that the negative mass block would change direction upon hitting the infinite mass block. Nothing in the equations of conservation of momentum and energy says which way the blocks have to move after the collision (a solution where the blocks pass through each other is equally valid under these equations). This is fine with regular physics, since there's obviously only one direction that prevents the blocks from going through each other, but when that's literally the question we're asking, all we've done is assume our conclusion.
From what I gathered, he showed this result as a limit from the colision between an object with negative mass and a *very large object* and the result seems pretty reasonable from the limit of the equations of conservation of momentum.
at a given negative mass. the repulsive forces, assuming that all harmonic oscillators are symmetrical the energy would overpower the forces binding the matter together. If the forces assumed don't fall apart. then the negative mass and/or energy would just cause a sign flip and a mirrored curvature to the higgs field. 1kg and -1kg traveling parallel, would stay parallel because the positive curve would attract toward the negative mass at an equal rate that the -1kg mass would repel. The limit would be that mass and negative mass of equal values traveling parallel would stay parallel but the result is 2 parallel circle paths. When you increase the positive mass to 100kg vs -1kg. The energy bound in the mass by comparison is basically negligible. Also, of course it would hit the wall, and repel the same as positive mass would. plus the added fraction of the repulsive force. It wouldnt travel through it. Its matter still, fermionic matter. meaning half integer spin with the election, or position. or Xtron imagined up to compose the matter. Fermion/ 1/2 integer spin cannot occupy the same point in space. and matter is million times more large in volume than the wave function itself in order to tunnel, so that is ultimately, basically impossible. You're making odd assumptions about Mass itself.
@@DerpMuse Of course the negative mass wouldn't occupy the same space as the regular mass. It would either punch a hole through it, vaporise itself leaving negative and positive mass gas and a small crater, or, if we assume everything to be indestructible, press against the positive mass object irremovably. That last one's a bit odd since if the normal force accelerates the object toward the positive mass, what stops the object from accelerating into it? The answer to this also lies in atoms, specifically the protons in the nucleus. Electrons are responsible for the normal force because they're on the outside of the atom, but eventually the electron clouds will get compressed by, and maybe merged into, each other, and the force of the nuclei on the electrons will provide a cancelling attractive force as the electrons get pushed closer to them. If we assume no elasticity to the atoms all we've done is provided a model that simply doesn't work. If we're going to be that inaccurate we might as well assume no quantum degeneracy pressure, an assumption you've made your stance on quite clear. The major problem with this video is it does things the wrong way around. They've done some calculations (the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy), cherry-picked the solution (there are multiple because of the absolutes) that doesn't cause too many problems (i.e. avoids the blocks going through each other) without confirming it with any actual physics, and then tried to rationalise it (oh it's a negative mass so it can apply a negative pushing force, right?) Something they did mention at the end of the video, which I hope they explain at some point because I will be in no way convinced of any of this until they do, is that these forces are caused by electrons. Negatively charged electrons. This is charge, it has nothing to do with the mass of the objects, so the forces applied will be the same as in a regular mass collision, so the direction of acceleration of the negative mass will be toward the positive mass.
If you could have a mass/antimass object in 50/50 ratio it almost seems like a dipole. When measuring that object as a whole it has net zero mass and would only be able to travel at the speed of light. But could it carry any momentum? Wouldn’t there be energy there? Or would anti-mass have some kind of negative energy that interacted with space. Would negative mass push space apart?
Note that net zero mass does not mean "speed of light", it means "infinite speed", which is a fair bit higher. From my perspective (i.e, that of a layman), this sounds impossible, which lends credence to the idea that anti-matter (which anhilliates in contact with normal matter) also has negative mass.
@@pkmnfrk Speed of light is infinite speed to the perspective of the object moving. No time is experienced en route to your destination if you travel at c.
@@lukerennie4457 Mass and energy are equivalent and it's why light bends around black holes despite lacking what we would call "mass" Its momentum gives it a virtual mass and thus its affected by gravity
Well, negative mass is not antimatter. Humans have created antimatter but not negative mass. Antimatter is just matter with charge signs reversed. Take positron which is electron with positive charge. But their mass (however small it may be) is still positive.
One useful way to analyze collisions is to look at the center of mass motion, thereby taking out the issue of interaction between the objects. It might simplify some of this "weirdness".
7:54 about the divide by zero error. Isn't this just a case of Newtonian physics failing at relativistic speeds? Using the equations for relativistic elastic collisions, maybe you'd find that the final velocity is just c. All massless objects (5 plus -5 kg) always move at c, anyway. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_collision#One-dimensional_relativistic someone run the numbers, I didn't bother - I'm just guessing.
7:36 i like how he explains that a perfect world is really bad and how big bang happened and how it was before big bang and how its after big bang in the same time
From this illustration it seems like these divide by zero errors will just resolve themselves in practice. That is if they could occur, they would and then immediately arrive at a point in space so far isolated from the res of things that they cease to matter.
9:00 You are making a mistake here: you're assuming this force would exists for negative matter when it would not. The Normal force is a consequence of Pauli's exclusion principle which state that there can't be two fermion in the exact same quantum state, in our case the surface electrons of your hand and the one of the object. But negative matter can never be in the same quantum state as positive matter since they can't have the same energy. So yes, negative matter should phase through positive matter (neglecting the fact that it would probably annihilate with the positive mass it come close enough to)
You're talking about degeneracy pressure and it only comes into play at extreme pressures (it's why low mass neutron stars don't collapse into black holes - the neutrons can't get any closer together). The normal force is due to electromagnetism - specifically the repulsion between electrons orbiting the atoms that make up the object. We can assume that the negative mass matter is the same as normal matter in every way other than having negative mass (like how antimatter is the same in every way other than having opposite charge). This means it's interactions with matter not due to mass would be exactly the same. It's electrons would be repelled by matter's electrons, and the Pauli exclusion principle would still act (even if it's not needed here). I don't see any reason for normal matter to annihilate with negative mass matter, in fact this would break conservation of charge, since a negative mass electron annihilating a positive mass one would destroy -2e of charge.
I'm researching Alcubierre FTL Drives for a science fiction novel, and things like this make me realize why the genre is normally either very limited or basically magic when it comes to technology. Ah, if only we knew everything about the universe so I could keep my facts 100% accurate while still being able to go wacky wild with it...
That divide by zero scene should have resulted in the blocks ceasing to move, the window turning pale after a few seconds, and a dialog box saying "Unfortunately, the Universe has stopped. Details: Math error - Division by zero".
If negative mass exists, then so does negative energy. So theoretically, by some process it could be possible to create as much energy as you like in a closed system, given you created an equal amount of negative energy. Net energy would still be zero and conservation of energy is conserved. That just feels wrong to me.
One way of picture this for me is like when two people run towards each other holding a big ball. Probably I'm wrong like always but I kinda see it like that
Point of order, there is a difference between inertial and gravitational mass. It's valid to consider it as something having a negative gravitational mass, but a positive inertial mass. They aren't side stepping the issue; it's a separate thing. An easy way to consider how they can be out of lock-step (though this is not the same, clearly) is to imagine a huge metal block in space. You push it, it pushes you back. But it's floating. To be clear though, thus far there are no examples of there being a difference between gravitational and inertial mass.
Weight is the force felt by mass in a gravitational field. Mass is how much mass an object has. A volume of helium within another fluid in the presence of a gravitational field can measure negative weight, but still has positive mass.
I'd like to see negative anti matter. Now that is some crazy stuff. Then have negative matter and negative anti matter interact. I bet that would be like dividing by zero and infinity at the same time.
Problem with stuff like this is that concepts like mass are not clearly defined to begin with. The best we can do is that mass has some relation to inertia
The thing is negative mass would also have negative time since the negative mass would repel positive mass it would also have negative gravity. For instance a negative mass black hole would be the theoretical white hole due to its negative mass and time. The inverse acceleration problem is negated by the negative time.
I don’t really get why negative mass should be attracted to mass while mass is repelled. If you imagine gravity in the same way as everyone has seen, as a ball on a rubber field pushing down, positive and positive mass are attracted to each other. If you’d place a negative mass ball on the underside it would push the field up. Now in this experiment, no matter from which side of the field you would look, both mass and negative mass would look like a hill to the other pushing it away, wouldn’t it?
It's true that the force is opposite but at the end the acceleration ends being the same. That's because gravitation mass it's supposed to be the same as inertial mass. I'm sure you've heard that a bowling ball and a feather fall at the same acceleration even if the mass is different. Well, go to the extreme and put an object with negative mass. The mass is different but the acceleration is the same. Light, with mass zero, curves too, by the way. But that only works if gravitation mass and inertial mass is the same thing. Science is not sure about that, yet. If you take inertial mass as being an absolute value then it happens what you said, I guess.
I think the best way to explain it within the confines of the rubber sheet analogy is to say don't flip the perspective. Negative mass is inherently weird because it will generate that upward force and create a weird dimple like you're saying... but negative mass will still try to roll downhill. It's more like it's stuck to the underside but still affected by gravity, so it tries to roll downhill towards the positive mass. Negative mass really doesn't work within this analogy, but that's the best way I can make it work.
9:27 is the type of matter important? If there are certain types of matter that might give more easily then would it be possible for this to be a tool used to accelerate the particles through other particles almost as a steam roller?
Have you looked into the work of Jean Pierre Petit ? He proposed a cosmological model with negative mass, and 2 field equations. (Einstein’s field equation + the equivalent equation for negative mass) so that : - positive mass attracts positive mass - negative mass attracts negative mass - positive repel negative. Considering this, if you have a negative mass and a positive mass, they no longer both accelerate in the same direction indefinitely. they simply repel each other like 2 opposite sign magnets. This model provides an explanation for the large scale structure of the universe, that is, why there are large, completely empty regions, that repel all the galaxies around it. (great repeller) (λ-cdm dosen’t provide any to my knowledge. a lack of matter that creates negative pression is not an explanation as to why it is empty in the first place). It,s not actually empty space, it’s filled with negative mass. Where λ-cdm needs to come up with dark matter to explain why galaxies are not exploding (to add more gravity force to keep it in one piece) in his model it’s simply because the surrounding negative mass is adding enough pressure from the outside. A very fascinating and refreshing rabbit hole to explore.
To be fair, we do need to take into consideration that an object with negative mass could never collide with an object with positive mass. Just as any object with mass has a gravitational pull on all things depending on how far they are, but is still there, an object with a negative mass would have a negative push on all objects that gets stronger the close you are from it, meaning you could never collide with it as the closer you get, the harder it'll push to where you'll never collife
And because of that, that’d mean all negative mass would move away from itself, not even two units would be able to stay near each other and all negative mass would spread apart further and further indefinitely Wait a second, that sounds a LOT like dark matter…
@@youtubealt243 no, dark matter definitly makes positive gravity and clusters around galaxies, so its not negative mass Also, eletric and nuclear forces are trillions of times stronger than gravity, so 2 pieces of negative mass would be able to stay together if those other forces were stronger than their gravity
If you look at the content want to pour out acn of ground meat sauces and hit in the Back one only loosens the content. The Tomato mince Sauce stays in the tin because the ground beef Sauce in the direction of momentum drives the measure reacts negatively to the Impulse. You hit the open side of the can the mass moves towards the opening ,minus the empty can by the inertia of the crowd. Because the dimensions of the can are only afraction of the total mass amount the can moves positive to the Impulse. So to speak :when the can is opposite to the Impuls themselves moves.
Y’know if negative mass materials do exist out there, and even a little of this math works in reality, we would be able to make some really cool things with it.
I didn't understand most of the stuff in this video but I really liked when the blocks went "Clack" and then magically started changing directions
The model is not accurate !
The blocks clacking actually makes the collision not perfect because some energy is lost to sound waves aka phonons.
@@cezarcatalin1406 if you read my comment you would know magic is clearly involved here. maybe it's for the reason you described, maybe it is something else I don't understand. but there is clearly some kind of sorcery
@@cezarcatalin1406 It’s because of MAGIC
*UH DUH*
@@rascal6543 True intellectual
th-cam.com/video/jsYwFizhncE/w-d-xo.html
Here’s more blocks and math sruff
"How can you have less than zero stuff?"
Credit card debt is one way
The money in a credit card doesn't exist physically
It was a joke :)
Students: In terms of mental health we have negative Health Points.
@@user4241 yes it does, its stored in bits and im pretty sure bits exist irl
Social credit
Something interesting to think about is that stationary objects with negative mass actually have potential energy relative to when they're moving, so you can extract energy from them with accelerating them.
Change reference frame so that the negative mass is sitting still and now you can extract infinite energy
That... actually makes a ton of sense?
@@cubing7276 I mean, you could pull off the same trick by switching to a reference frame where a positive mass object is always moving, and hence always has kinetic energy. It'd fall down because the things around it wouldn't be still enough for any energy to be extracted, likewise in the negative mass reference frame the objects around it would all be moving really fast, and then I /think/ you can't extract energy. Like, similar to how you need a big speed difference in positive mass to extract energy, you need a /small/ speed difference to extract energy from an object with negative mass.
@@tsawy6 mmm /thisdoesn'tdoathing/
@@JorgetePanete Ya, it's notation, not code, intended to convey emphasis in a generalised way that isn't dependent on the capacities of text editors
Imagine you get a block of negative mass object and you walk into it and fall over backwards.
So by walking on it its just gonna move up depending on how heavy each footstep and if you fall on it it just goes up
sounds like something id see in a chirs nolan movie
or when you throw a ball it pulls you towards it
@@generalgrievous5667 ender pearl
Mans gonna get rotated on the W axis
I just really like the idea of a real life div/0 error popping up if somebody ever were to collide two opposite masses in the future
It's weird. The two objects would have 0mass. So moving at Lightspeed is ok.
But the more momentum they had still is lost since they can't go faster then Lightspeed and have 0mass.
So... They turned into some wave?
They would cancel out and just stop moving
perhaps they turn into a wave and go light speed and all the extra energy and momentum that's "lost" is converted into some other form like heat or something
8:00 So the universe devs just said "Well we ain't gonna fix this division by 0 bug here with negative masses because the chance of it happening is too low"?
I wouldn't trust my universe with such slackers.
“2023 update change log:
- division by zero bug when two opposite mass blocks collided was fixed. They now explode the same way matter and antimatter annihilate, because making them stay still was boring and changing the speed of light is too much work for us”
If we look close enough there would be some negative mass particles, or even quarks, so in the end everything would have to annihilate on touch
We actually have zero mass objects in current physics. They pretty much just travel at the speed of light 24/7.
1.) No game is perfect, free of bugs.
2.) Even if such game exist, some players would just complain something anyway.
@@tresnonugroho6397 we don't really know if someone complains because we're just npcs
"If physics starts throwing 'divide by 0' errors, then there's a good chance you're doing something wrong."
Well said
Mind you, black holes do that.
And we've proven them to exist, at least somewhat.
@@ewanstewart2001 there's something wrong, but something is right.
Good enough to get the evidence of a blackhole
@@ewanstewart2001 Newton's theory contains a divide by 0 singularity, in the gravitational law. If two particles could be at the same place, no matter how weak the gravitational force is and no matter how small the masses are, r would be 0 and you get an infinite force. These singularities are useful to point out where the theory breaks down, turns out no massive particles (fermions) can occupy the same volume, due to Pauli's exclusion principle. Same in black holes, they don't contain an infinitely dense singularity at their center, we just don't know the correct theory for describing that region.
@@ewanstewart2001 but also that its unlikely for the singularity to be a point because we also have quantum physics. But doesn't Hawking Radiation involve a negative energy in its entangled pair?
@@ewanstewart2001 really and what's the proof?
7:30 It seems when + and - masses collide inelastically, the masses cancel, leaving only the sum of the mass remaining. So if + and - masses were exactly equal, you would have 0 mass remaining to go infinite (or light) speed, which is fine.
An Artificial Photon!!
This is sort of what happens when an electron and a positron collide. Usually when those two particles combine, they form 2 or more photons that split the combined momentum of both particles and the two 0.511MeV rest masses. All of that energy is spread amongst the photons such that momentum and everything else that must be conserved, is conserved. The massless photons leave the scene of the collision at the speed of light. Photons with that much energy are called gamma rays.
If attempted with 5kg masses of matter and antimatter, this would result in a much larger explosion than the nuclear blast shown in the video.
Antimatter has positive mass. So far everything known has a positive mass. If an electron collided with a hypothetical negative mass electron, they couldn't simply annihilate, as there would be no particles to carry the momentum and charge away from the collision. They would have to bounce.
@@hamjudo well not a physics student here but from my understanding negative mass meeting a positive mass would complete "annihilate". in the sense both would simply cease to be. I guess in a way the example im thing about is when a positive mass and a negative mass spontaneously appear and then disappear due to the conservative of energy. you started with no energy and are left with no energy.
@@mrpedrobraga not exactly
@@memesterjohnson1402 That's anti matter and normal matter, not negative mass and positive mass. I mean maybe it would, it's not something we can test (as far as we know), but our equations don't predict annihilation.
Imagine making a piece of clothing like a belt out of negative mass and it gives you a boost to your real life speed stat
just make sure said belt isn’t _too_ heavy
un-heavy? what’s the term for very negative
@@thatoneguy9582 light
@@thatoneguy9582 Anti-heavy? Anheavy? Imheavy? Nonheavy? Counterheavy?
@@thatoneguy9582 "crippling debt"
@@VS-Violet
yeah you win
the modle: 7:32
me: oh the bottom one just moves two cubes move twice as fast
the cubes: *deletes them selves*
me:
The cubes: YEETUS DELETUS
It would be massless soo
Them:
Maybe they go infinitely fast?
@@lelduck6388 nop)
Criminally undersubbed. You took a concept that is inherently complex and reduced it to a level that everyone can access. A mark of a great teacher to be sure!
Great video! the Nuclear explosion made me laugh out loud. Please continue making these videos
Scared me. Lord
Mass:*flees*
Antimatter:get your ass back here
more like "get your *mass* back here"
I feel like a 3D first person puzzle game with this kind of this would be such a cool idea
that's a good idea
The clicky sound returns!
Thank you for showing the math for every collision. Your explanations were good enough that I didn’t have to read them, but if I was ever confused by an interaction, having the Physics 1 math available is a good second chance to understand what’s happening.
I’ve been going through the SoME1 submissions, giving people feedback, and honestly, your video didn’t have any problems I noticed. It’s well paced, everything is clear, and if someone started talking to me about negative mass interactions, I think I could explain the main points of the video to them. You stuck to 3B1B’s video format rather closely, but he uses it for a reason. It works well.
I now want to see someone punching a negative mass punching bag and seeing how they react when it punches back
Ooh I love this! Another interesting thing to think about is if inertial mass and gravitational mass are not intrinsically equal to one another. Such a notion isn’t compatible with GR as it violates the equivalence principle, but hey we can dive into the world of science fiction whenever we please. If you define that exotic matter has a normal inertial mass but an inverted gravitational mass, you get normal conservation of momentum and a rather nice coulomb-like negative gravitational force. Normal inertial mass with small perturbations from its normal gravitational mass on the other hand would give you a hard time noticing the difference in the first place, and an even harder time trying to seperate them since centrifuges won’t do anything.
Also I want to see plausible physics behind gravitational flux expulsion, because that could give some much more interesting antigravity.
Wow this is really good! I thought you were another big channel like 3Blue1Brown or something based on the quality. I wish you the best for your youtube success.
My expression during the 5kg Vs -5kg collision.
Oh... Oh no...
Me when seeing it: *m a n i a c l a u g h t e r*
At 9:58, you say that they're identical, but that's only because you assumed that the negative mass block would change direction upon hitting the infinite mass block.
Nothing in the equations of conservation of momentum and energy says which way the blocks have to move after the collision (a solution where the blocks pass through each other is equally valid under these equations). This is fine with regular physics, since there's obviously only one direction that prevents the blocks from going through each other, but when that's literally the question we're asking, all we've done is assume our conclusion.
From what I gathered, he showed this result as a limit from the colision between an object with negative mass and a *very large object* and the result seems pretty reasonable from the limit of the equations of conservation of momentum.
at a given negative mass. the repulsive forces, assuming that all harmonic oscillators are symmetrical the energy would overpower the forces binding the matter together. If the forces assumed don't fall apart. then the negative mass and/or energy would just cause a sign flip and a mirrored curvature to the higgs field. 1kg and -1kg traveling parallel, would stay parallel because the positive curve would attract toward the negative mass at an equal rate that the -1kg mass would repel. The limit would be that mass and negative mass of equal values traveling parallel would stay parallel but the result is 2 parallel circle paths. When you increase the positive mass to 100kg vs -1kg. The energy bound in the mass by comparison is basically negligible.
Also, of course it would hit the wall, and repel the same as positive mass would. plus the added fraction of the repulsive force. It wouldnt travel through it. Its matter still, fermionic matter. meaning half integer spin with the election, or position. or Xtron imagined up to compose the matter. Fermion/ 1/2 integer spin cannot occupy the same point in space. and matter is million times more large in volume than the wave function itself in order to tunnel, so that is ultimately, basically impossible.
You're making odd assumptions about Mass itself.
@@DerpMuse
Of course the negative mass wouldn't occupy the same space as the regular mass.
It would either punch a hole through it, vaporise itself leaving negative and positive mass gas and a small crater, or, if we assume everything to be indestructible, press against the positive mass object irremovably.
That last one's a bit odd since if the normal force accelerates the object toward the positive mass, what stops the object from accelerating into it? The answer to this also lies in atoms, specifically the protons in the nucleus. Electrons are responsible for the normal force because they're on the outside of the atom, but eventually the electron clouds will get compressed by, and maybe merged into, each other, and the force of the nuclei on the electrons will provide a cancelling attractive force as the electrons get pushed closer to them.
If we assume no elasticity to the atoms all we've done is provided a model that simply doesn't work.
If we're going to be that inaccurate we might as well assume no quantum degeneracy pressure, an assumption you've made your stance on quite clear.
The major problem with this video is it does things the wrong way around. They've done some calculations (the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy), cherry-picked the solution (there are multiple because of the absolutes) that doesn't cause too many problems (i.e. avoids the blocks going through each other) without confirming it with any actual physics, and then tried to rationalise it (oh it's a negative mass so it can apply a negative pushing force, right?)
Something they did mention at the end of the video, which I hope they explain at some point because I will be in no way convinced of any of this until they do, is that these forces are caused by electrons. Negatively charged electrons. This is charge, it has nothing to do with the mass of the objects, so the forces applied will be the same as in a regular mass collision, so the direction of acceleration of the negative mass will be toward the positive mass.
did this guy actually watch the video
The direction of the resulting velocity is determined through the equations. In 1 dimension it's just the positive/negative sign
It's crazy to see an upload that can so clearly be called the moment a Channel blew up. Congrats man it was a good video
"Negative mass chases positive mass"
Explains my dating experiences AND physics in one statement. This channel is efficient as well as informative!
This video is incredible! A very well reasoned approach to this topic. Thank you!
Finally some interesting shit to watch at 3 am
I like how you can go for excellent science channels but for unknown masterpieces too
I loved the dividing by 0 joke that was perfect
The video that nobody asked for but the video that everyone needed
If you could have a mass/antimass object in 50/50 ratio it almost seems like a dipole. When measuring that object as a whole it has net zero mass and would only be able to travel at the speed of light. But could it carry any momentum? Wouldn’t there be energy there? Or would anti-mass have some kind of negative energy that interacted with space. Would negative mass push space apart?
Note that net zero mass does not mean "speed of light", it means "infinite speed", which is a fair bit higher. From my perspective (i.e, that of a layman), this sounds impossible, which lends credence to the idea that anti-matter (which anhilliates in contact with normal matter) also has negative mass.
@@pkmnfrk Net zero mass does mean speed of light according to relativity.
@@pkmnfrk Speed of light is infinite speed to the perspective of the object moving. No time is experienced en route to your destination if you travel at c.
I don't know about the other questions, but there is no issue with a mass less object gaving momentum, photons carry momentum whilst having no mass
@@lukerennie4457
Mass and energy are equivalent and it's why light bends around black holes despite lacking what we would call "mass"
Its momentum gives it a virtual mass and thus its affected by gravity
I knew about antimatter before but never thought that negative mass could be exploited in this way. Nice video!
Well, negative mass is not antimatter. Humans have created antimatter but not negative mass. Antimatter is just matter with charge signs reversed. Take positron which is electron with positive charge. But their mass (however small it may be) is still positive.
so glad you made this series. i have always wondered these questions.
so excited for part 2! the concept of negative mass is just so amusing
I didn't even know you submitted to SoME1, I just found you the other day by your Cursed Conlang submission getting recommended to me!
I learned more science here than my science online class.
*divides by zero to get a velocity*
"Soooo that's a bad sign..."
This is super insteresting to think about! I hope the next part comes out soon
Negative mass is like negative emotion. The rule is: -1 + infinity = -1; -infinity + infinity = -infinity. That's it.
Him: How can you have less than zero stuff?
Me: Bankruptcy
bankruptcy is just a status not something that is subtracts stuff from you
@@user-qw9yf6zs9t Thank you for that I actually did not know
@@The698thRat np
The exotic matter plot in Andromeda was the best part of the last two seasons. I'm very surprised it's a real thing. Thanks!
I wanna see a puzzle game based on negative mass
Ah I see you are a man of mathematical horror puzzles as well.
I actually understand all of it! Years of PBS Space time and loosing my mind have prepared me for this video. 😎
One useful way to analyze collisions is to look at the center of mass motion, thereby taking out the issue of interaction between the objects. It might simplify some of this "weirdness".
0:13
The comedic timing and complete lack of acknowledgement was absolutely impeccable.
"sets my cup on another cup and it fades out of existence"
*That may be a problem*
7:54 about the divide by zero error. Isn't this just a case of Newtonian physics failing at relativistic speeds? Using the equations for relativistic elastic collisions, maybe you'd find that the final velocity is just c. All massless objects (5 plus -5 kg) always move at c, anyway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_collision#One-dimensional_relativistic someone run the numbers, I didn't bother - I'm just guessing.
What a great video!
The clacking.
[Flashbacks to a certain quartet of mathematic constants]
3 blue 1 brown?
@@regulate.artificer_g23.mdctlsk Bingo. (lol)
Great and satisfying video.
I'm amazed by the video quality!
good work :D
I love the concept of negative mass and negative energy.
7:36 i like how he explains that a perfect world is really bad and how big bang happened and how it was before big bang and how its after big bang in the same time
Really great video. I love SF thought experiments! Can't wait for the next one.
"And when they're exactly equal and opposite..."
*Clack*
From this illustration it seems like these divide by zero errors will just resolve themselves in practice. That is if they could occur, they would and then immediately arrive at a point in space so far isolated from the res of things that they cease to matter.
or simply would never happen. the probability of two things have the exact same mass is practically impossible.
Congrats, you've earned a follower
I like this analysis. Looking forward to the next part.
Wait, how did you get that verified?
@@JulianoFonseca7557 I watch all the way to the end of the ads instead of skipping them
9:00 You are making a mistake here: you're assuming this force would exists for negative matter when it would not. The Normal force is a consequence of Pauli's exclusion principle which state that there can't be two fermion in the exact same quantum state, in our case the surface electrons of your hand and the one of the object. But negative matter can never be in the same quantum state as positive matter since they can't have the same energy.
So yes, negative matter should phase through positive matter (neglecting the fact that it would probably annihilate with the positive mass it come close enough to)
You're talking about degeneracy pressure and it only comes into play at extreme pressures (it's why low mass neutron stars don't collapse into black holes - the neutrons can't get any closer together).
The normal force is due to electromagnetism - specifically the repulsion between electrons orbiting the atoms that make up the object.
We can assume that the negative mass matter is the same as normal matter in every way other than having negative mass (like how antimatter is the same in every way other than having opposite charge). This means it's interactions with matter not due to mass would be exactly the same. It's electrons would be repelled by matter's electrons, and the Pauli exclusion principle would still act (even if it's not needed here).
I don't see any reason for normal matter to annihilate with negative mass matter, in fact this would break conservation of charge, since a negative mass electron annihilating a positive mass one would destroy -2e of charge.
Im imagining the blocks as ppl on skates and the ones with negative mass are just very exited to pull someone else along with them
"so, that's a bad sign" HAD ME LAUGHING.
What?? How do you have under 300 subs? I thought I was watching something from a well established channel with at least 100k!
7:32 I literally died when the cubes disappeared.
I'm researching Alcubierre FTL Drives for a science fiction novel, and things like this make me realize why the genre is normally either very limited or basically magic when it comes to technology. Ah, if only we knew everything about the universe so I could keep my facts 100% accurate while still being able to go wacky wild with it...
This video is gonna blow up.
That divide by zero scene should have resulted in the blocks ceasing to move, the window turning pale after a few seconds, and a dialog box saying "Unfortunately, the Universe has stopped. Details: Math error - Division by zero".
If negative mass exists, then so does negative energy. So theoretically, by some process it could be possible to create as much energy as you like in a closed system, given you created an equal amount of negative energy. Net energy would still be zero and conservation of energy is conserved. That just feels wrong to me.
When negative mass stops moving, it becomes vacuum
Being an engineer, this is very....... Perplexing, to say the least, you certainly have attention
One way of picture this for me is like when two people run towards each other holding a big ball. Probably I'm wrong like always but I kinda see it like that
4:00 When those blocks hit, all I can think to say is: "Noice."
Point of order, there is a difference between inertial and gravitational mass. It's valid to consider it as something having a negative gravitational mass, but a positive inertial mass. They aren't side stepping the issue; it's a separate thing.
An easy way to consider how they can be out of lock-step (though this is not the same, clearly) is to imagine a huge metal block in space. You push it, it pushes you back. But it's floating. To be clear though, thus far there are no examples of there being a difference between gravitational and inertial mass.
7:35
Blocks on the bottom upon touching: "ight we gon head out"
Moving 5kg block sticking to a -5kg block can be thought of as 5kg block suddenly losing all of it's weight and seizing to exist
I think we found a new 3B1B successor
Please do the second part.
5:17 the Negative Block looked like he agrovated the Positive 5 block after giving it a Tap
Weight is the force felt by mass in a gravitational field. Mass is how much mass an object has. A volume of helium within another fluid in the presence of a gravitational field can measure negative weight, but still has positive mass.
Can't wait for the part 2!!
I'd like to see negative anti matter.
Now that is some crazy stuff.
Then have negative matter and negative anti matter interact.
I bet that would be like dividing by zero and infinity at the same time.
This could be a good basis for some new sci-fi propulsion: negative mass engines
7:26 why am I laughing at the blocks zooming off screen help 😭
Now someone has to come up with an engine that works by slamming stuff into a negative mass object to gain speed pretty much from nowhere
The apparent paradoxes are easily resolved by accounting for the differences between inertial and non-inertial frames of reference.
Sounds easier said than done
2:43 Negative mass: I'M GONNA GET'YA!!!
Positive mass: NOOOOOOOOOOO
7:37 hey, maybe that's how the big bang happened. An exotic particle collided with a normal opposite particle and the universe divided by zero
“how can you have less than zero stuff.”
USA and all the other countries in debt: allow us to introduce ourselves
7:32 like that moment when object piercing through the whole universe
Problem with stuff like this is that concepts like mass are not clearly defined to begin with. The best we can do is that mass has some relation to inertia
The thing is negative mass would also have negative time since the negative mass would repel positive mass it would also have negative gravity. For instance a negative mass black hole would be the theoretical white hole due to its negative mass and time. The inverse acceleration problem is negated by the negative time.
I don’t really get why negative mass should be attracted to mass while mass is repelled. If you imagine gravity in the same way as everyone has seen, as a ball on a rubber field pushing down, positive and positive mass are attracted to each other. If you’d place a negative mass ball on the underside it would push the field up. Now in this experiment, no matter from which side of the field you would look, both mass and negative mass would look like a hill to the other pushing it away, wouldn’t it?
By attraction, negative mass is attracted to positive mass it's the positive mass that was repelled.
The rubber sheet analogy is just an analogy, its not actually how gravity works!
It's true that the force is opposite but at the end the acceleration ends being the same.
That's because gravitation mass it's supposed to be the same as inertial mass.
I'm sure you've heard that a bowling ball and a feather fall at the same acceleration even if the mass is different. Well, go to the extreme and put an object with negative mass. The mass is different but the acceleration is the same.
Light, with mass zero, curves too, by the way.
But that only works if gravitation mass and inertial mass is the same thing. Science is not sure about that, yet. If you take inertial mass as being an absolute value then it happens what you said, I guess.
I think the best way to explain it within the confines of the rubber sheet analogy is to say don't flip the perspective. Negative mass is inherently weird because it will generate that upward force and create a weird dimple like you're saying... but negative mass will still try to roll downhill. It's more like it's stuck to the underside but still affected by gravity, so it tries to roll downhill towards the positive mass. Negative mass really doesn't work within this analogy, but that's the best way I can make it work.
2'40 Imagine that the negative mass is one of the ghosts, and the positive mass is Pac-Man.
9:27 is the type of matter important? If there are certain types of matter that might give more easily then would it be possible for this to be a tool used to accelerate the particles through other particles almost as a steam roller?
U got me with the nuclear explotion LMAO
Reminds me a bit of photons exchanged between particles of opposite charge and resulting in them moving closer 🤔
Have you looked into the work of Jean Pierre Petit ?
He proposed a cosmological model with negative mass, and 2 field equations. (Einstein’s field equation + the equivalent equation for negative mass)
so that :
- positive mass attracts positive mass
- negative mass attracts negative mass
- positive repel negative.
Considering this, if you have a negative mass and a positive mass, they no longer both accelerate in the same direction indefinitely. they simply repel each other like 2 opposite sign magnets.
This model provides an explanation for the large scale structure of the universe, that is, why there are large, completely empty regions, that repel all the galaxies around it. (great repeller) (λ-cdm dosen’t provide any to my knowledge. a lack of matter that creates negative pression is not an explanation as to why it is empty in the first place).
It,s not actually empty space, it’s filled with negative mass.
Where λ-cdm needs to come up with dark matter to explain why galaxies are not exploding (to add more gravity force to keep it in one piece) in his model it’s simply because the surrounding negative mass is adding enough pressure from the outside.
A very fascinating and refreshing rabbit hole to explore.
the moment when u kick a negative mass ball and get yeeted
HOW WITH THAT QUALITY OF VIDEOS YOU ONLY HAVE 861 SUBS!?
To be fair, we do need to take into consideration that an object with negative mass could never collide with an object with positive mass. Just as any object with mass has a gravitational pull on all things depending on how far they are, but is still there, an object with a negative mass would have a negative push on all objects that gets stronger the close you are from it, meaning you could never collide with it as the closer you get, the harder it'll push to where you'll never collife
haven’t watched the video yet but i really just thought “since mass generates gravity, wouldn’t negative mass have reverse gravity?”
And because of that, that’d mean all negative mass would move away from itself, not even two units would be able to stay near each other and all negative mass would spread apart further and further indefinitely
Wait a second, that sounds a LOT like dark matter…
hmm “White hole”
@@youtubealt243 solved dark matter 😎😏🔥🔥
@@youtubealt243 no, dark matter definitly makes positive gravity and clusters around galaxies, so its not negative mass
Also, eletric and nuclear forces are trillions of times stronger than gravity, so 2 pieces of negative mass would be able to stay together if those other forces were stronger than their gravity
@@dabs4270 Here’s another fun fact:
We all knew that!
I was making a joke…
I have never laughed at a divide by 0 error, at least until now
If you look at the content want to pour out acn of ground meat sauces and hit in the Back one only loosens the content. The Tomato mince Sauce stays
in the tin because the ground beef Sauce in the direction of momentum drives the measure reacts negatively to the Impulse.
You hit the open side of the can the mass moves
towards the opening ,minus the empty can by the inertia of the crowd. Because the dimensions of the can are only afraction of the total mass amount the can moves positive to the Impulse. So to speak :when the can is opposite to the Impuls themselves moves.
Nice vid, very informative.
+1 sub, good luck
Y’know if negative mass materials do exist out there, and even a little of this math works in reality, we would be able to make some really cool things with it.