What is ATP? | Air passage in nostril,throat and lungs 🫁 |what is alveoli?

1 ATP
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a vital molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. Here's a brief overview:
Structure:
ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached to a nucleotide (adenosine).
Function:
1. Energy storage and transfer: ATP stores energy in the form of phosphate bonds.
2. Energy release: When ATP is broken down (hydrolysis), energy is released and can be used by the cell.
3. Energy coupling: ATP links energy-releasing reactions to energy-requiring processes.
Key Roles:
1. Muscle contraction and relaxation
2. Protein synthesis and degradation
3. Membrane transport (active transport)
4. Cellular signaling and communication
5. DNA replication and repair
ATP Production:
1. Cellular respiration (mitochondria): Glucose → CO2 + ATP (aerobic)
2. Glycolysis (cytosol): Glucose → Pyruvate → ATP (anaerobic)
3. Photophosphorylation (chloroplasts): Light energy → ATP (photosynthesis)
ATP Cycle:
1. ATP synthesis
2. ATP hydrolysis (breakdown)
3. ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) recycling
Interesting Facts:
1. The human body produces and consumes approximately 40 kg (88 lbs) of ATP daily.
2. ATP is recycled 1000-2000 times per day.
3. ATP molecules have a lifespan of around 1-2 minutes.
Do you have specific questions about ATP or would you like more details?
2 AIR Passage in human being
The air passage in human beings, also known as the respiratory tract, is a complex system that brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. Here's an overview:
Upper Respiratory Tract:
1. Nose (nostrils)
2. Nasal cavity
3. Pharynx (throat)
Divided into:
Nasopharynx (behind the nose)
Oropharynx (behind the mouth)
Laryngopharynx (leading to the larynx)
Lower Respiratory Tract:
1. Larynx (voice box)
2. Trachea (windpipe)
3. Bronchi (primary and secondary)
Right and left main bronchi
Segmental bronchi
4. Bronchioles (smaller airways)
5. Alveoli (air sacs)
Key Functions:
1. Air filtration (nose and trachea)
2. Warming and humidifying air (nose and trachea)
3. Gas exchange (alveoli)
4. Mucus production and clearance (trachea and bronchi)
Respiratory Process:
1. Inhalation (breathing in):
Diaphragm contracts
Rib cage expands
Air enters nostrils or mouth
2. Exhalation (breathing out):
Diaphragm relaxes
Rib cage descends
Air leaves lungs
Important Muscles:
1. Diaphragm
2. Intercostal muscles (between ribs)
3. Accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, scalene)
Respiratory System Disorders:
1. Asthma
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
3. Pneumonia
4. Lung cancer
5. Emphysema

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