Dr. Virginia Schutte* and Dr. Holly Bik were fabulous to work with - go check out their fascinating icy adventures at virginiaschutte.com and hollybik.com 🐋🪱 (*We made a spelling error at 3:06)
At 0:00: Kingdra, the Dragon Pokémon, and Clamperl, the Bivalve Pokémon, from the Pokémon franchise, are featured in this video. At 0:41: There is an old starfish that resembles Patrick Star from the SpongeBob SquarePants franchise, except he is not wearing his green-colored, purple-flower-patterned underwear.
0:55 This is an error too. I looked it up on Wikipedia and its estimated lifespan is 1.5k years, not 15k. The Wikipedia article was revised (15:22, 13 June 2023). The revision summary says the 15k figure was a misquote from the cited paper. The relevant passage in the cited paper says: "...largest hexactinellid sponges on the eastern Weddell Sea shelf can be more than 1,500 years old."
This was the first time someone explained to me why the waters around Antarctica is so full of nutrients. I heard it repeated in documentaries and whatnot, that it is, but never the WHY Thank you!
It happens a lot and that irks me too. It's like it's suppose to be common knowledge and whenever I ask why, I get blank stares or negative feedback, as if I were the problem.
I discovered sea spiders just now. I don't know exactly what they do, but I know they eat tiny soft-bodied invertibrates that are slow, which means they probably can't even damage human skin, if you even let them touch you and won't shake them off immediately. Besides, they live far away from humans, so you'd have to go out far and dive quite deep to find them.
I got to touch a few on the expedition. Their legs are pointy and a little sharp (they're not actually spiders) so the shaking off thing was the biggest danger IMO : )
Or is it mind controlling you to think it's not alive, but it's gone old & tired doing this, so his powers are getting weaker day by day , & the truth unfolds before you?
One sponge to age them all, one squid to size them, one blue whale to eat them all, and in the Southern Ocean bind them. In the land of Antarctica, where the weird things lie.
So, if the organisms in the southern ocean have been isolated for so long, is the Antarctic blue whale a different species than the blue whale? Or is it an exception to your rule in that it can pass the barrier? I want to know more.
They are the same species. Blue whales are, as you know, huge. This means they have a lot of muscle and inertia, which allows them to swim through strong ocean currents. Still, each population usually migrates around a certain region instead of travelling across the world.
Antarctica in general is unique, being a continent sitting on the South Pole, leaving its entire surface covered in frozen ice, compared to the diverse range of habitats seen in every other landmass
And it used to be a temperate rainforest back when it was connected to Australia and South America! It acted as a land bridge that allowed animals to travel between the two continents, which is why there's marsupials in Australia nowadays.
Very true! It's interesting to think that Antartica used to be a more lush biome and I have to wonder what sort of creatures may have lived there that we don't know about, since I imagine that most fossils that might've formed were either destroyed by glaciation or simply buried under sheets of ice.
Okay, so Antarctica is a humongous, continental sized mountain range covered in ice due to it being at a pole. It used to be a rainforest, parts of a frog were even found!
sometimes I got nauseous on the icebreaker bc the sea ice looks like a coastline with little waterways running through it, and then we'd turn left and beach ourselves on the coastline, only of course we wouldn't it was all just ice and like a thousand feet of water at least, and it was very weird
0:55 Is this an error? I looked it up on Wikipedia and its estimated lifespan is 1.5k years, not 15k. The Wikipedia article was revised (15:22, 13 June 2023). The revision summary says the 15k figure was a misquote from the cited paper. The relevant passage in the cited paper says: "...largest hexactinellid sponges on the eastern Weddell Sea shelf can be more than 1,500 years old."
I love this question! Animals that live longer often take longer to get to reproduction age, so I've been thinking of them as living slower, not more time, without ever actually being conscious of thinking of it like that
@@yashwardhansingh4787 Right... but many chemical interactions necessary to sustain Earth-based life occur slower at colder temps. And even being a few C colder than the rest of the ocean (which is possible because of the higher salt level) means that these reactions will occur noticeably slower. Just as an inebriated human thinks slower than their sober counterpart, a colder animal with slower chemistry taking place might experience life (and thoughts) at a slower rate than their warmer cousins a few hundred km away.
@@jasonwalker9471 you are talking about an individual's perception of time. Which isn't the same thing as "living slower". Think about the days when you feel like time is flowing slowly. Regardless of what you felt on that day, you will still say you have lived only one day. Also, i have absolutely no idea what you are talking about slow chemical reactions somehow effecting time itself.
@@yashwardhansingh4787 Your brain is a computer that is ultimately based on chemical reactions. Slow those reactions down, and processing speed slows down proportionately. The slower processing speed is, the faster events around you will seem to be moving with respect to you. You'll "live slower", but if you live twice as long due to reduced metabolic activity (which happens), but with half the processing speed, you'll experience the same amount of subjective time as a creature with half the lifespan but double the processing rate.
edit: it's indeed 15000 years old, see comment for detail slight correction 0:53 giant sponge estimated age is 15 hundred years old (1500) not 15 thousand (15000), still very impressive tho
15,000 seems to be correct, from wikipedia: “A 2002 study in Antarctica calculated that this sponge and another antarctic sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini, have amazingly long lifespans surpassing 1,550 years in C. antarctica and 15,000 years in A. joubini.”
A small quibble about the video at 1:15 : defining what is the "largest" animal, since the Lion's Mane Jellyfish can get up to 36 metres long, so in that sense it can get larger than both the Colossal Squid and the Blue Whale! Weight wise though, it is outclassed, and the blue whale and colossal squid are both the heaviest animal and heaviest invertebrate, respectively.
The longest jellyfish hardly has much claim to being the "largest animal". That one jellyfish (which was the largest one ever recorded) is long due to its tentacles and is still nowhere near the width of a blue whale and, thus, can't be said to be bigger than them. Size is more than a singular dimension.
A 45 metre siphonophore has been seen, that would be the longest invertebrate and not very large or heavy. I would always assume that large referred to total volume, even when a picture giving length is used to illustrate the statement.
@@pattheplanterI believe siphonophores don't get to claim biggest organism because they're technically a colony that all work together? 😅 Life is so cool!
3:03 I heard recently that alot of natural science funding is almost entirely contingent on studying relevance to climate change, so when he mentioned sampling nematodes I was just waiting for the words climate change to crop up and then at 3:49 Presto!
we struggle with this a bit, honestly, bc Holly just wants to study the worms- she loves them SO MUCH. but then yeah, everybody wants to know why they should care and "it fills in the tree of life", "taxonomy is an important buy dying art", and "it's the coolest thing I've ever seen" don't have quite the same ring as "if we don't figure it out now, we may never get the chance" and "maybe it can help with how we understand things elsewhere"
i have always loved the cute animations and soothing narration. I might not have much money to donate but i wish this channel the best. Maybe a collab with Ted ED for a feature length film about life on earth ?
Alternatively, get away with most of the heat gone, and live at lower body temperature, heat is a factor in the speed of chemical processes so just having lower body temperature is enough to age you slower, also the carnage of ice freezing critters mid swim would speed up evolution just a tad bit resulting in greater chance of randomly breeding an immortal, a smaller version and a larger version. Temperature is one reason why food spoils slower in the fridge even if not sterile and it works at 4 degrees C, not -1.5 C.
Well, then. Normally when I watch fun science videos, I already know at least half of what they talk about, and I end up learning one or two new things. Basically every single thing in this video was completely new to me. I had no idea the Antarctic ocean was such a huge blind spot for me!
'What? They're selling chocolate?! Ahh, I remember when they first invented chocolate' [...] loved the spongebob easter egg minute earth, youre the best
The Southern Ocean is quite iron-limited but has an abundance of other nutrients. So while The southern ocean is surprisingly productive (tons of plankton and stuff) it's iron limitation that seems to keep the plankton from going completely wild.
Remember the time when the anime "Cells at Work" came out and doctors made us sad by telling half of all characters in the series won't actually survive the whole season? Rest assured, the cast of Spongebob Squarepants might theoretically outlive us. Let's just say all the radiation gave them the same longevity mutations as their cousins living in the South Pole have.
Basically, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the Calm Belt in One Piece. I never though the geography(?) of One Piece would make sense, but here we are!
This makes me wonder. Is there something similar in the Arctic Ocean? Like Near Greenland? Which could explain why the Greenland shark can also live tor hundreds of years?
At a guess, Coriolis force. The southern ocean is the only place in the world where a longitude line doesn't intersect any land or ice sheets, allowing the water and air currents from the Coriolis force to build into such a substantial thing.
What limits a creature's size? Ability to dissipate heat Availability of oxygen Availability of food Antarctic Ocean provides excellent values for all of these factors.
More dissolved oxygen in the water isn’t a factor for the bigger sizes at all, there’s enough of it in the warmer oceans as is. Animals down in the Southern Ocean get bigger because of more nutrients in the water (example: way more krill for blue whales to eat there than in warmer waters), and the longer lifespan is because of there being less predators than in warmer oceans.
I got a question how did them animals survive if they were warm blooded for example if I got a lion or elephant or probably a human and keep them for millions or thousands of years would they look different or evolve or does it die that my question
The water is slightly saltier and better oxygenated than the rest of the world's oceans, so its conditions are more like Titan's than the rest of Earth's? Seems a bit of a stretch.
the isolation also matters. things have been evolving there cut off from the rest of the world for tens of millions of years. So it's still Earth, but if we have to pick SOMEWHERE that might help us understand other planets, there's nowhere better on our planet that we can do it!
The Arctic Ocean interestingly does not have a circumpolar current. Rather, the Gulf Stream pushes warm water from the Gulf of Mexico northeast to the Norwegian coast and into the Arctic Ocean, encouraging intermixing. As with many things in the ocean, climate change is set to heavily disrupt it.
Dr. Virginia Schutte* and Dr. Holly Bik were fabulous to work with - go check out their fascinating icy adventures at virginiaschutte.com and hollybik.com 🐋🪱
(*We made a spelling error at 3:06)
Our pleasure- we LOVE this video!!
At 0:00: Kingdra, the Dragon Pokémon, and Clamperl, the Bivalve Pokémon, from the Pokémon franchise, are featured in this video.
At 0:41: There is an old starfish that resembles Patrick Star from the SpongeBob SquarePants franchise, except he is not wearing his green-colored, purple-flower-patterned underwear.
So the grand line does exist, does that mean one piece is the anti artic?
0:55 This is an error too. I looked it up on Wikipedia and its estimated lifespan is 1.5k years, not 15k.
The Wikipedia article was revised (15:22, 13 June 2023). The revision summary says the 15k figure was a misquote from the cited paper.
The relevant passage in the cited paper says: "...largest hexactinellid sponges on the eastern Weddell Sea shelf can be more than 1,500 years old."
@@this_is_patrick i think the narrator meant to say fifteen hundred. that would have made more sense.
This was the first time someone explained to me why the waters around Antarctica is so full of nutrients. I heard it repeated in documentaries and whatnot, that it is, but never the WHY
Thank you!
This is where laughtale resides
It happens a lot and that irks me too. It's like it's suppose to be common knowledge and whenever I ask why, I get blank stares or negative feedback, as if I were the problem.
I discovered sea spiders just now. I don't know exactly what they do, but I know they eat tiny soft-bodied invertibrates that are slow, which means they probably can't even damage human skin, if you even let them touch you and won't shake them off immediately. Besides, they live far away from humans, so you'd have to go out far and dive quite deep to find them.
The weirdest thing is that their central bodies are so small, their guts have to extend into their legs.
I got to touch a few on the expedition. Their legs are pointy and a little sharp (they're not actually spiders) so the shaking off thing was the biggest danger IMO : )
@@pattheplanter I mean, not to this level but guts of regular spiders also almost do that
People who dont know what sea spiders are:im not safe now😨 people who know what sea spiders are:meh💁
This is where laughtale resides
Man... that pun at the end. It was cold. But I guess it has a deep meaning. I just can't sea it.
I see what you did there 😂
@@CrausyYou mean you SEA what they did there?
@@ninjadragongamer6861 stop it 😂
Bro just rewhaled the bottom of the iceberg
You can hear him barely able to control his laughter as he says that!
I have an older sponge than that in my shower, and I could argue that it’s alive
Has it been alive the whole time?
Or is it alive _again_ ?
Or is it mind controlling you to think it's not alive, but it's gone old & tired doing this, so his powers are getting weaker day by day , & the truth unfolds before you?
Wow nobody understood the joke
I understood the joke. Good work y'all.
Just imagine the undiscovered wonders of the earth.
One can only imagine
@accelerationquanta5816there’s always got to be that one jackass that ruins a good and wholesome comment
This is where laughtale resides
One sponge to age them all, one squid to size them, one blue whale to eat them all, and in the Southern Ocean bind them.
In the land of Antarctica, where the weird things lie.
Lord of the Seas
Maybe I should go there and take a nap
So, if the organisms in the southern ocean have been isolated for so long, is the Antarctic blue whale a different species than the blue whale?
Or is it an exception to your rule in that it can pass the barrier?
I want to know more.
They are the same species.
Blue whales are, as you know, huge. This means they have a lot of muscle and inertia, which allows them to swim through strong ocean currents. Still, each population usually migrates around a certain region instead of travelling across the world.
Antarctica in general is unique, being a continent sitting on the South Pole, leaving its entire surface covered in frozen ice, compared to the diverse range of habitats seen in every other landmass
And it used to be a temperate rainforest back when it was connected to Australia and South America! It acted as a land bridge that allowed animals to travel between the two continents, which is why there's marsupials in Australia nowadays.
Very true!
It's interesting to think that Antartica used to be a more lush biome and I have to wonder what sort of creatures may have lived there that we don't know about, since I imagine that most fossils that might've formed were either destroyed by glaciation or simply buried under sheets of ice.
Well, it seems it's not all ice and things are being hidden from us....
Okay, so Antarctica is a humongous, continental sized mountain range covered in ice due to it being at a pole. It used to be a rainforest, parts of a frog were even found!
Love the sneaky cameos by doctors Shutte and Bik at 2:33
they didn't tell us they were going to do that and we were so delightfully surprised to see it!! ❤
The southern Ocean: the most ocean like ocean that looks like a random stretch of coastal water.
sometimes I got nauseous on the icebreaker bc the sea ice looks like a coastline with little waterways running through it, and then we'd turn left and beach ourselves on the coastline, only of course we wouldn't it was all just ice and like a thousand feet of water at least, and it was very weird
I have never been interested in studying marine biology before this. This is so cool!!!!!🤩
1:23 "Antarctic Sea Spiders are the size of dinner plates."
Antarctic WHAT?!?
Well, never going to Antarctica now!
Antartic sea spider
0:41 thats the granny from SpongeBob, and old patrick, i loce these references 😂
Chocolate I remember when they invented chocolate, sweet sweet chocolate. I ALWAYS HATED IT!
0:55 Is this an error? I looked it up on Wikipedia and its estimated lifespan is 1.5k years, not 15k.
The Wikipedia article was revised (15:22, 13 June 2023). The revision summary says the 15k figure was a misquote from the cited paper.
The relevant passage in the cited paper says: "...largest hexactinellid sponges on the eastern Weddell Sea shelf can be more than 1,500 years old."
NO PATRICK DIED
Well...spongebob have the oldest bikini bottom citizen here
But is a slow living creature also experiencing time like we do? In other words: Are they living "more time" or just slower?
I love this question! Animals that live longer often take longer to get to reproduction age, so I've been thinking of them as living slower, not more time, without ever actually being conscious of thinking of it like that
This isn't time dilation. Those creatures aren't moving at light speeds. They just live longer.
@@yashwardhansingh4787 Right... but many chemical interactions necessary to sustain Earth-based life occur slower at colder temps. And even being a few C colder than the rest of the ocean (which is possible because of the higher salt level) means that these reactions will occur noticeably slower. Just as an inebriated human thinks slower than their sober counterpart, a colder animal with slower chemistry taking place might experience life (and thoughts) at a slower rate than their warmer cousins a few hundred km away.
@@jasonwalker9471 you are talking about an individual's perception of time. Which isn't the same thing as "living slower". Think about the days when you feel like time is flowing slowly. Regardless of what you felt on that day, you will still say you have lived only one day.
Also, i have absolutely no idea what you are talking about slow chemical reactions somehow effecting time itself.
@@yashwardhansingh4787 Your brain is a computer that is ultimately based on chemical reactions. Slow those reactions down, and processing speed slows down proportionately. The slower processing speed is, the faster events around you will seem to be moving with respect to you. You'll "live slower", but if you live twice as long due to reduced metabolic activity (which happens), but with half the processing speed, you'll experience the same amount of subjective time as a creature with half the lifespan but double the processing rate.
Very interesting, nature can be indeed weird! Our team gathered ten weird moments of nature, and it's fascinating to see it in real life!
edit: it's indeed 15000 years old, see comment for detail
slight correction 0:53 giant sponge estimated age is 15 hundred years old (1500) not 15 thousand (15000), still very impressive tho
It wouldn't beat out plants for oldest living thing, but could still win for animals.
15,000 seems to be correct, from wikipedia:
“A 2002 study in Antarctica calculated that this sponge and another antarctic sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini, have amazingly long lifespans surpassing 1,550 years in C. antarctica and 15,000 years in A. joubini.”
@@luckyblockyoshi I stand corrected
1) Well done, as always!
2) It took me a minute to recover from "I squid you not." I forgive you.
A small quibble about the video at 1:15 : defining what is the "largest" animal, since the Lion's Mane Jellyfish can get up to 36 metres long, so in that sense it can get larger than both the Colossal Squid and the Blue Whale! Weight wise though, it is outclassed, and the blue whale and colossal squid are both the heaviest animal and heaviest invertebrate, respectively.
The longest jellyfish hardly has much claim to being the "largest animal". That one jellyfish (which was the largest one ever recorded) is long due to its tentacles and is still nowhere near the width of a blue whale and, thus, can't be said to be bigger than them. Size is more than a singular dimension.
@@SgtSupaman What I think OP was getting at is that "size" is just an inprecise word.
A 45 metre siphonophore has been seen, that would be the longest invertebrate and not very large or heavy. I would always assume that large referred to total volume, even when a picture giving length is used to illustrate the statement.
@@pattheplanterI believe siphonophores don't get to claim biggest organism because they're technically a colony that all work together? 😅 Life is so cool!
@@foxwaffles We are all colonies.
Thank you. Did not know about the spiral nature of the current.
I like the size comparison with onjects instead of just the numbers
The weird things are all around us, in every place that we rarely look closely enough at.
Love that ending pun!
HOW THIS WAS MADE 23 seconds ago
Just a question, can we dump water in the poles to make more ice artificially in response to global warming?
3:03 I heard recently that alot of natural science funding is almost entirely contingent on studying relevance to climate change, so when he mentioned sampling nematodes I was just waiting for the words climate change to crop up and then at 3:49 Presto!
well yeah its the biggest concern in the field wether justified or not
Everything is going to be affected by climate change, so it is easy to work into virtually any grant proposal.
we struggle with this a bit, honestly, bc Holly just wants to study the worms- she loves them SO MUCH. but then yeah, everybody wants to know why they should care and "it fills in the tree of life", "taxonomy is an important buy dying art", and "it's the coolest thing I've ever seen" don't have quite the same ring as "if we don't figure it out now, we may never get the chance" and "maybe it can help with how we understand things elsewhere"
I can't see Patrick living to be 100 years old unless it's from dumb luck!
That's the only kind of luck Pat has!
1:23 "Antarctic Sea Spiders are the size of dinner plates."
- Wait, WHAT?!
Not to mention, hardly any human "the apex predator" down there.
So wild life thrives
Nice video again 💙
I love weird things .
Dude this is literally the coolest thing ever
Cold
Revenge is a dish best served cold, it’s also sweet. So revenge is ice cream.
i have always loved the cute animations and soothing narration. I might not have much money to donate but i wish this channel the best. Maybe a collab with Ted ED for a feature length film about life on earth ?
Home of my favorite marine mammal, the Leopard Seal!
Looks like another example of Bergmann's Rule in action in these cold waters.
Alternatively, get away with most of the heat gone, and live at lower body temperature, heat is a factor in the speed of chemical processes so just having lower body temperature is enough to age you slower, also the carnage of ice freezing critters mid swim would speed up evolution just a tad bit resulting in greater chance of randomly breeding an immortal, a smaller version and a larger version.
Temperature is one reason why food spoils slower in the fridge even if not sterile and it works at 4 degrees C, not -1.5 C.
i love the cute illustrations :)
Thanks to the writer and to minute Earth for this amazing video 🙏🙌🐟🐳🐋
I love the Spongebob references😆
Well, then. Normally when I watch fun science videos, I already know at least half of what they talk about, and I end up learning one or two new things.
Basically every single thing in this video was completely new to me. I had no idea the Antarctic ocean was such a huge blind spot for me!
the circumpolar current is a nice reference to the second pokemon movie with lugia !
'What? They're selling chocolate?! Ahh, I remember when they first invented chocolate' [...] loved the spongebob easter egg minute earth, youre the best
What a great minute, my ADHD thanks you
2:13 isn't the southern ocean low on iron? How does that work?
The Southern Ocean is quite iron-limited but has an abundance of other nutrients. So while The southern ocean is surprisingly productive (tons of plankton and stuff) it's iron limitation that seems to keep the plankton from going completely wild.
So Spongebob is actually real?
Sorta.
There's a fungi too, it acts like a sponge and is called Spongiforma Squarepantsii
Nice.
Remember the time when the anime "Cells at Work" came out and doctors made us sad by telling half of all characters in the series won't actually survive the whole season? Rest assured, the cast of Spongebob Squarepants might theoretically outlive us. Let's just say all the radiation gave them the same longevity mutations as their cousins living in the South Pole have.
So glad y’all showed these cute illustrations instead of photos deep sea fish make me uncomfortable
Basically, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the Calm Belt in One Piece. I never though the geography(?) of One Piece would make sense, but here we are!
guys the grand line does exist, just it's a ring
The colossal squid couple is so cute❤
I love Antarctica now
Have you guys talked about the Sargasum sea yet.
very interesting and amazing. i learned a lot.
Thanks to the illustration, I now know how to identify the age of a sponge: beard length!
so the southern ocean is All Blue
This makes me wonder. Is there something similar in the Arctic Ocean? Like Near Greenland? Which could explain why the Greenland shark can also live tor hundreds of years?
What causes the antarctic circumpolar current?
At a guess, Coriolis force. The southern ocean is the only place in the world where a longitude line doesn't intersect any land or ice sheets, allowing the water and air currents from the Coriolis force to build into such a substantial thing.
Sea spiders the size of dinner plates?
*Flees in terror from the Southern Ocean!*
What limits a creature's size?
Ability to dissipate heat
Availability of oxygen
Availability of food
Antarctic Ocean provides excellent values for all of these factors.
Nice Pokémon cameos in the intro.
i wonder if any flying creatures have flown over the atlantic waters?
hey! I just have a question , is there a way that i can get a job here?
Ok did anyone else think the thumbnail had Patrick-?
Great video ❤
what if the comet is somewhere in the southern ocean and thats the reason?
Did you really sneak a small image of kingdra into the beginning of this?
liked for the pun
also i did not know that the southern ocean is like a prison, very cool
What about the ice wall?
More dissolved oxygen in the water isn’t a factor for the bigger sizes at all, there’s enough of it in the warmer oceans as is. Animals down in the Southern Ocean get bigger because of more nutrients in the water (example: way more krill for blue whales to eat there than in warmer waters), and the longer lifespan is because of there being less predators than in warmer oceans.
Oxygen 100% helps with size, just look at the biggest animals to ever exist, they are in time periods characterized by extremely high oxygen levels.
Those animals in desolate areas are *ice-olated*
Is this applicable to Arctic ocean too?
Nope, there are landmasses in the way.
1:51 skull island storm but for sea creatures the Antarctic sea is the skull island of the sea
Was anyone else expecting Lugia to be doodled into that shot of the current….?
So it is like the all blue ?
>Sanji would like to know this location
1:18 squidward
Name 1 minute earth video that doesn't end in a pun
Did this remind of "Calm Belt" to any One Piece lover?
I live super close to that place :>
Watching this for worldbuilding ideas.
Great video! Music is too loud.
Today I learned that the largest animal isn’t just a “blue whale” but an “Antarctic blue whale” it’s like I’ve been lied to my whole life
I got a question how did them animals survive if they were warm blooded for example if I got a lion or elephant or probably a human and keep them for millions or thousands of years would they look different or evolve or does it die that my question
This feels like One Piece worldbuilding.
I guess that's the thing about ice, it slows everything down.
When I saw the thumbnail my first reaction was Patrick is that u
"Time Role By Joseph Nicanor Galit.
so basicly the antarctic ocean is the grand line and it has a cold belt instead of a calm belt.
2:25
if more oxygen exposes you to a greater amount of free radicals, how would it help slow aging?
Not that much oxygen, just more than usual underwater. Nowhere near the 1/5th of air.
That “20 Arm starfish” only has 13 arms
Is that a kingdra I see?
Thanks scientists!
Scale worms look like the type of animal that wants to take control over your body
The water is slightly saltier and better oxygenated than the rest of the world's oceans, so its conditions are more like Titan's than the rest of Earth's? Seems a bit of a stretch.
the isolation also matters. things have been evolving there cut off from the rest of the world for tens of millions of years. So it's still Earth, but if we have to pick SOMEWHERE that might help us understand other planets, there's nowhere better on our planet that we can do it!
Titan doesn't even have liquid water
Couldn't the high ages be explained by a lower metabolic rate because of low temperatures? Metabolic rate correlates with aging.
As the oceans get warmer, many creatures can move towards colder waters, but this ecosystem will simply disappear.
Remember Cthulhu sleeps between Antartic and South America
Why aren’t conditions in the NORTHERN ocean the same? Doesn’t it have a similar ‘river current’?
The Arctic Ocean interestingly does not have a circumpolar current. Rather, the Gulf Stream pushes warm water from the Gulf of Mexico northeast to the Norwegian coast and into the Arctic Ocean, encouraging intermixing. As with many things in the ocean, climate change is set to heavily disrupt it.
That flag at 3:09
hahahaha great catch. it's a whole thing
Starfish don't have arms. They have multiple heads.