How does a modern Power Supply work?! (230V AC to 5/12V DC) DIY Flyback Converter!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 เม.ย. 2024
- Do you want to know more about the Würth Elektronik components? Then click here: bit.ly/Online_Catalog_EN
Würth Elektronik products, which were used in the video:
- WE-FLEX+ Flexible Transformer for DC/DC Converter (749197131): bit.ly/WE_FLEX_EN
- WE-UOST Universal Offline Standard Transformers (760875112): bit.ly/WE_UOST_1_EN
- WE-UOST Universal Offline Standard Transformers (760875532): bit.ly/WE_UOST_2_EN
- WE-LLCR Resonant Converter (760895731): bit.ly/WE_LLCR_EN
- WE-UNIT Off-Line Transformer (749118105): bit.ly/WE_UNIT_EN
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In this video we will be having a look at the kind of power supplies you use every day. I am talking about switched mode power supplies that convert our 230V AC mains voltage into for example 5V or 12V DC to power our electronics. I will not only tell you all about the heart of such a system, a flyback transformer, but I will also show you how it is used in a flyback circuit. At the end I will also show you a DIY attempt of such a mains power supply that you should (please) not replicate. Let's get started!
Websites which were shown (used) during the video:
www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/...
Thanks to the Würth Elektronik eiSos Group for supporting this video.
Music:
2011 Lookalike by Bartlebeats
0:00 Flyback Transformers in Power Supplies
1:15 Intro
1:33 Flyback Transformer Theory
3:25 Flyback Converter Functional Principle
5:58 Practical Flyback Converter Circuit
8:13 DIY 230V AC Flyback Converter (SMPS) - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Wurth Elektronik: Do your best
Great Scott: *Cuts transformer in half*
DIY == Destroy It Yourself 💥
Flextape can't fix that XD
th-cam.com/video/YtI294cjKMc/w-d-xo.html
"Do not build this circuit! With that being said, here's the schematic" -Great Scott XDD
Everyone should have the access to knowledge ;-) But a warning was still necessary ;-)
It is not a bad circuit to build. It just missing parts that make it a compete power supply unit, and it should not be used as a power supply.
Dodgy! 😉
@@oraszuletikDIODE GONE WILD!!
@@greatscottlab Hi sir. Sir please hack an AR glasses to work on a HDMI input even if the whole setup becomes bulkey. Bigg fan. Love from India ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
Great video as always!!! Ignore the YT analytics, if they still show poor results. It's not you, it's them and please don't change your style to try and appease the algorithm. . We're all here for the quality of videos you have always done and this is a perfect example.
Well said! Do not worry. I will keep making such videos as long as I can ;-)
Those waste fake yt videos with crazy thumbnails are making it to yt algorithm.
I would love it if content creators banded together and created a wash of "Shorts" that were titled "do not watch this - nobody asked for it, nobody wants it, this is a waste of time." 30 seconds of vertical video paint drying, grass growing, and similar pointlessness.
When the viewing stats are complete garbage, maybe YT can butt out of trying to dictate content.
Already suggested your channel to all my nerd friends :) great videos. Keep up the great work!
That's like marketing to the next level! Love that!
Well, I wanted to do a video about SMPS and they wanted to show off their transformers.....I would say that is a good match ;-)
.." this is not a promotional pitch..but in all fairness I can say this ( though we were really small customers )
Wurth Elektronik do have " high quality & reliable components and are real serious business partners...
despite we using a limited range and quantity of their products...they went " all out " to respond to our doubts/queries/ end use applications..and sent their team over with substantial dev. kits/ catalogues etc. besides follow ups..
I am ALL FOR THIS. I have a pet project I'm trying to learn up to... I've got a shelf full of game consoles from the Famicom to PS4 Pro. I want to install a high-power 24VDC supply and use isolated switchmode supplies to step down to what each machine needs... 3.3V, 5V, 7-9V, 12V, and so on. (Isolated to prevent ground loops and issues with systems that raise "ground" to a diode drop above one leg of the input jack, like the NES.)
In my research, I've seen planar transformers that use stacked PCB layers to provide galvanic isolation. Since the design is kind of tricky, they're also available as drop-in modules from trafo manufacturers. But, magnetics selection is non-trivial, and I still feel completely lost on this topic. It's really the last domino to fall before I can start building some POC designs.
So, please! MOAR TRAFOS!
Can you make a video about active power factor correction, because it's an important topic with switch mode power supplies. Due to it's big capacitors.
It is on my to do list :-)
Active PFC is fascinating. I think it's just using PWM to draw a sinusoidal current so the current is in phase with the voltage but there might be some more clever stuff going on.
What would be interesting would be to use a microcontroller to do sinusoidal PWN synchronized to a zero crossing detector and see if that performs as well as a commercial APFC chip. I suspect the commercial chip is doing something a bit cleverer than this but it's not well documented. Basically a 'Buy of Build' for active power factor correction.
About 10 years ago I had to simulate an oil refinery electrical power grid. Was a struggle trying to understand how a generator's AVR goes from changing the generator's voltage when it's the only generator on the grid to changing the reactive power supplied when there is more than one generator.
@@greatscottlab sir please make vedio on "how to use lab bench power supply basic to professionally"🙏🙏🙏 (I request you)
@@greatscottlab Awesome! Looking forward to it.I don't suppose you know any good discussions of Actice Power Factor Control algorithms?
Wow, I have watched dozens of videos about SMPS before, but this one really made the subject to click.
Brilliant :-)
So true, this was the best explanation
Finnally somebody goodly explained a flyback converter
You're welcome :-)
I have been fixing these for years by changing some of the caps..I had a good idea how they worked and you defiantly boosted my understanding of them even further... lots went into the design technically.. thanks
I really love Würth Elektronik's products, and I love them even more for sponsoring you!
Thanks Würth elektronik for us to learn more about Switch mode power supplies!
Looking forward to more videos about this. I've been trying to fix a switch mode power supply for a KORG keyboard and my knowledge in the feedback loop is very limited. This video has been a huge help and i think I'll take another look at repairing it after your next video.
8:56 what an absolute madlad lmao. Props man
sometimes I have to rewatch these videos because I get so caught up in him writing and labeling so perfectly with no mistakes
I'm coming to electronics later on in life. Your tutorial have to be the clearest and most well explained. Really enjoy and get so much from your videos.
Thanks for your time.
Glad it was helpful!
The best description of flyback transformers ever :)
Video includes FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER 10/10
I kept looking at my phone because your background music sounds like one of my ringers. LOL
When Scott says "RIGHT?" The answer is "NO".
Great content as always! Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
1:02 ElectroBoom is proud
9:24 Full Bridge rectifaiaa
Good job GreatScott!!
Thanks :-)
Just can't wait for the video on the TL431. I'd love to see, how I could use it, to regulate the output of a dc-dc converter (which aren't so different from smps). For example to battery power a microcontroller based temperature logger.
Great video! Thanks for all the work you put into this.
Great work! One of the best channels on TH-cam!
Thanks :-)
U really deserve more sponsors.
This makes understanding those circuits I copied down from circuits I worked with before alot easier..
Nice, something interesting to watch while waiting for the F1 GP to start, haha
Exactly...
I already lost hope lmao I honestly want to see a good race without rain
Same here hshshshshsh
Yes in this demo it was built without any " soft start ".. unlike the G.P. races that can Never begin with a soft start 😂😂😂
Thank you. I have a big box of these I bought eBay as a mixed bag for £1 ages ago and having tested the coils resistances was puzzled. The box remains! I will try testing them with low voltage at 60kHz Might be more informative. Very good explanation. I vaguely knew how they worked. Now I know more :)
Thanks for the great content! Always wanted to know how power supplies worked and now I know, I think
I am helping with TH-cam algorithm, I am watching again and again. LOVE YOUR CONTENT
Thanks for the help :-)
@@greatscottlab my pleasure
That's a type of video I like a lot. Lots of stuff to learn. Thank you.
Excellant explanation to a topic I have been wanting to understand for years. Yes, please cover the topic of voltage references. You are my inspiration to build electronics.
Glad I could help :-) I hope I will get to this video soon.
TH-cam: DIY power supply without explanation
Great Scott: *explains everything thoroughly*
Fascinating, I'm very happy to have this video from you. I have wondered about Switching mode power supplies for ages, and to have such detail is great - to be fair, I'm 1:03 in, but I know it'll be good.
Edit: I was not disappointed! Thanks.
Glad it was helpful!
Great video. I love learning about electronics and your explanations are very good.
I'm still learning and haven't used AC yet. I got a 220v - 9v AC to try the AD-DC circuit when confident enough.
hi, great video as always. just keep in mind that in case of flyback topology, we aren't really talking about a transformer: since there is a high reluctance gap, a flyback trasformer is more like two mutual inducitors with a very high coupling coefficient.
Me: "hmm yes, I see"
My mate: "you have no idea what's he is talking about do you?!"
Me: "nope he lost me at 'reluctance gap'!"
Hehe 😇 💚
Meh most would still consider that a transformer. RF transformers can be completely air core and we still call them transformers.
@Joseph Bunn great explanation, thanks!
Looking forward to follow-up videos on TL431 & the switcher IC also.
A trick I had picked up from Haseeb Electronics to troubleshoot faulty optocouplers in SMPS is to use a diode on the output of the opto, which helps isolate any feedback circuit issues
Hi, could you explain a bit more about adding a diode to the opto output? How does that help to diagnose an issue?
I work with SMPS sometimes so it'd be great to learn a new way to find problems :)
Clearly understood.... It was too hard to understand about smps.... Thank you it was helpful... 😊😊😊
Thank you! I've been wanting to learn more about flyback converters recently!
Glad I could help!
I was also looking for an SMPS tutorial, glad I could find this video.
It's nice to understand how these things work. Sounds complicated but really isn't. Also preparing my moped project for 1.6kw charger integration. So exciting stuff. Great Scott!!
You can do it!
Thank you. Nice and clear explanation!
Best channel in this topic is DiodeGoneWild.
I love this! I have always wanted to make a switching power supply. My next big project is going to be one of these thanks to you. Wish me luck!
Be careful though
@@greatscottlab Yes! I watch DiodeGoneWild, and my intention is to make the most absudly safe power supply ever built.
If you know who he is, he always critiques PSUs for missing safety features and such. Not going to miss any of those. I will be using overkill air gaps and components, and cables too thick.
Thanks for the reminder though!
Amazing video. I always wondered how usbc PD is able to achieve different voltages, and this video is the answer - PWM with different duty cycles.
Pretty interesting! Thanks a lot, dude! 😃
Stay safe and creative there! 🖖😊
Stay creative , and I will see you next time. Always brings a smile to me, great video as always, only getting better and better
Thank you! Cheers!
As always well presented. Someone below asked about PF correction. Along with that, maybe do a video that turns this into a true power supply with PF correction, filtering, in rush limiting and isolation. That would be an interesting follow up !
Thanks for the feedback :-) Let's see what I can do
I usually use bare wire to do these prototyping circuits. Saves some solder and less headache of solder bridges.
Very helpful video. I liked it 👏
Thank you. More videos like this are welcome.
Thank you. Your videos are amazing.
So nice of you
Great, I was looking for this topic from may days.thanks to German friend from India. 😀😀😀
I love your videos but I wish you had longer versions with more in depth explanations so that idiots like me could keep up.
Thanks a lot scot that subject is much clear to me now
Great video, there aren't many video's about propper modern powersupplies out there on TH-cam and reading about the subject tends to get complicated fast 😁
Glad it was helpful!
Very well explained ❤
Thanks a lot 😊
Please build a switch mode power supply with all those features you spoke about, the inrush current protection and such. Would be awesome!
Awesome as always ❤️🔥
Great content, as always. Looking forward for the TL431 video!
Coming soon!
very nicely explained
Really a great video as always 👍👍
Nice video !!! Really loved it!!!
Will you make a detailed video how these power electronics produce harmonics in systems and their remedies??
Watch my video about power forms.
Oooh, this is an exciting one!
Very informative 👏 thanks
Man you are my virtual teacher.... ❤️
Happy to help!
Nice informative video as always 😉
Just at the right time😍🔥... Eagerly waiting for the next video🔥
Awesome video GreatScott!.
To help newbies who may not be always fully aware of how oscilloscope measurements should be approached especially with mains connected circuits, can you please do a follow-up video showing exactly how you had connected all devices, especially the isolation transformer & scope ground leads.
If you can also demonstrate scope differential probes in such situations, this would be super
I did a video about how to use an oscilloscope properly. There all those things are explained.
Valuable information sir
nice video as usual!
maybe you like to talk about LLC (resonant converter) in one of your next videos.
Press F for the poor transformers.
Great video by the way!
Thanks!
From all of your video, this is the first video which i felt has less content and knowledge. I think it can get more informative... Apart from this, i love your video, always get something to learn.... Thank you sir.... ☺
Super interesting, as always!
Glad you think so!
That TL431 sure gets around a lot.
Thank you. Good work.
Thanks :-)
For learning purposes only, smart!
"diode gone wild" is best in this subject
Love DiodeGoneWild !
Wish you did more videos on switch mode power supply.
Anyways great video, keep it up
Maybe there will be more..... ;-)
I definitely agree
Feel like a traitor for missing out on your content lately, you still do an amazing job but I have a long way to become an engineer(like 2 years)
I m following last 2-3 years... and learn a lot from every video... also tried many circuits... please make next video on TL431...
Thanks for watching :-) I hope I will get to the TL431 video soon.
well despite the fact I know how a SMPS works in theory, I didn't know about the specifics about the transformer windings being opposite and the fact it's basically using the charge / discharge of such transformer... I always thought it was due to high frequency switching that it worked like a regular transformer but was just smaller because of the higher frequencies and the square wave... :)
The more you know ;-)
....windings being opposite...
is for " flyback " mode only...also duty cycle cannot/ should not exceed 50%...
@@analoghardwaretops3976 The flyback can go to as high of a duty cycle as you like within the practical limits of maintaining control, as long as the switching transistor can handle the reflected voltage. I think you're thinking of the forward converter, which is one where you can't exceed 50% with the standard design
@@ShinyMajor exceeding 50% , the volt/ sec. balance in
off- to -on may not be achieved..and can lead to core saturation even in boost/ flyback modes.. leading to gradual residual flux buildup...
so when it's @ the extreme limit of the hysterisis curve..the next turn on pulse ..in its first few hundreds of nanosecs.can destroy the sw. with uncontrollable current..
Chips for flybk./ boost have an internal divide by 2 f/f to limit max. duty to 50 % ..
example..compare data sheet for internal blk.dia. of 3842/43 or other..
Loved it!!
Very interesting (again) !
"..........with that being said here's the schematic."- the reason I love your videos
That's if you want to build a professional one users descretion is required
😍😍😍great explanation
"This is super dangerous, don't rebuild it, now here's the schematic " I couldn't stop laughing
Thank you dear.
Hi GreatScott i would like to see a a video made by you about PFC system on power supply how they work what happen if they fail. thanks for sharing the knowledge!!!
great job
Great video. A future project with a PCB design and enclosure would be helpful too. :)
Maybe one day ;-)
How the hell did you commented 3 days earlier? Video is just uploaded😐😐😐
Now I'm confirmed time travel is possible
@@4_doors_more_whores 😂😂
Great video!!
🤩🤩 Good work
🔥🔥
Great video
finally a video on smps🤩🤩😘. thanks :)
Thanks! Love it a lot!
Glad you like it!
Eagerly waiting for it and the outcome is lot more informative good one dude keep it up
Thanks, will do!
Im watching Scott from Philippines
great video
Informative and useful video, great.
Glad it was helpful!
This is great!