This video is 3 years old but a correction for the very end: we have been able to fuse atoms for a very long time. Tokamak reactors have been around since the 60’s and scientists have been able to successfully create a plasma fit for fusing hydrogen, however it cannot be sustained for a long period of time, meaning energy is currently being lost not gained by nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion reaction in Sun, Low to up↑ (1,2)H + (1,3)H→(2,4)He + (0,1)n + E In Surah Ash-Shams, (Quran) Word 'Shams' (Sun) contains Sheen(13th letter), Meem(24th letter) and Seen(12th letter); which are indicating the nuclear fusion reaction. We can see, end of every verse contains small Ha and Alif, which are indicating the Sun is made of Hydrogen (small Ha) and Helium.
@@ummekulsummasuma3575 hol the horse up. I never noticed this. This is an intelligent detail. How can people still believe that a human came up with it?
@@mitth_raw_nuruodo not only that, the surah contains 15 ayats and surprisingly the nuclear fusion reaction also reacts on 15 million°C. But, this is not the end. Sum of the numerical values of Sheen(300)+Meem(40)+Seen(60)=Shams/Sun is 400. If, the distance between earth and moon is x, then the distance between earth and sun is 400x, Subhanallah! Not only that, Surah Ash-Shams is 91 number surah and the nearest distance between earth and sun is approx. 9.1×10^7 miles. Again this is shocking. The power of 10 is the number of verses (7) that Allah sworn about Sun, Moon, Day, Night, Sky, Land and Consciousness. Did you notice it before? Is this not enough for bring a non-muslim to Islam?
I kind of had the information from before but this video clarifies a few points. Also makes me realize why practical Nuclear Fussion is always "30 years away" (because for what I see, reliable and net energy gain from Nuclear Fussion may be more difficult that it seemed).
I was going crazy trying to understand where the hell that gamma radiation and the extra kinetic energy come from. Finally I found this video that explains it using the rubber band analogy and the role of the strong nuclear force. Amazing. Thank you so much.
gamma radiation currently is the light! photons who has smaller waves! radio ray has the biggest and gamma has the smallest also gamma has the biggest frequency and energy photon is a very special thing they are particles and waves in the same time! (photons is the messengers of the electromagnetic force and energy) every electromagnetic power is come with the photons so currently any heat (like photons is the taxi and energy is the passenger)
just wanted to clarify it's the the force of impact of the neutron on the nucleus which cause it to split during nuclear fission in fact, the neutron is absorbed by the nucleus and the latter becomes highly unstable and *then* it splits you're welcome
She meant to say fusion, scientists are trying to develop ways of harnessing the energy released from fusion reactions but since they are ridiculously hard to initiate and the energy released is so great, it is hard to make it work. We already have fission reactors which release energy but no where near as much energy as fusion reactions. Hope that helps :)
Nuclear energy is simply the electrostatic repulsion of the protons in the nucleus. The neutrons act as the "glue" via the strong interaction to hold the nucleus together. Too many or too few neutrons and the nucleus is unstable. Furthermore, odd numbers of either neutrons or protons also tend to make the nucleus more unstable, hence isotopes like U-235, Cs-137 etc.
Thanks for your question. As said in the video, the potential of nuclear fusion (1 g of Deuterium and Tritium = 12.000 kg of coal) is higher than of nuclear fission (1 kg Uranium = 19.000 kg of coal). But for your question you need to consider many other factors. Among others the price of the energy source (Uranium vs. Deuterium and Tritium), the costs to build and maintain a power plant. Nowadays, it is not possible to produce energy via nuclear fusion, so the answer to your first question would be, that nuclear fission is cheaper. There are some research projects to develop energy production via nuclear fusion, but it is not yet to see, whether or when this technology will contribute to energy production.
Please someone correct me if I am wrong, but the release of energy is the result of the initial unstable atom becoming more stable. In the case of fission, the more stable state is the result of the formation of two smaller, more stable atoms. All in all the point is, that in order to 'break' the strong nuclear bond, energy is required, not released. It is almost opposite to what this video is saying. Yes, if the atom is unstable, energy is released, and the energy is the result of becoming more stable (which is the result of the strong nuclear force). Also, fusion is not the result of slamming four protons together, there are multiple steps, but ultimately it comes down to colliding two helium 3 atoms together, with the expulsion of two neutrons in the process. Finally, the release of energy in nuclear fission is not the result of exploding an atom with a neutron. The additional neutron makes uranium 235 (or some other heavy atom) more unstable due to the neutron/proton ratio, and so to become more stable the atom splits. In becoming more stable, its energy state is lowered, so the energy is released in the process.
question in nuclear fusion when thee two protons come in contact with each other thay form a a new atom right? but if they did where did the nutrions and electrons come from
Thanks for your question. Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction. We hope, that is understandable.
4:05 Why do four protons form a helium nucleus when two of those four protons are released. Where do the neutrons come from? 5:05 Why do two protons form a lithium atom? 🤔 Sorry for that, but that makes it a little confusing...
Hi Banana Joe, the answer to your first question is a little tricky, that is why in this simplified video we left some steps of the fusion process out... Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction. We hope, that is understandable. Concerning your second question: At 5:05, no lithium atom is formed or mentioned...
Am I crazy to think that the sun isn't actually hot enough for the velocities to overcome the Coulomb force and quantum tunnelling explains why it happens anyway?
Hello calone, thanks for your comment on our video! Your assumption is correct. Theoretically velocities are too low, to overcome the Coulomb force. But through to the so called “tunneling-effect” nuclear fusion can happen anyway. Many greetings, GRS
Dear Dante, thank you for watching our video. How fusion reactors will transform their energy is not finally explored yet. Questions like this might be answered by realizing the so called DEMO reactor (DEMOnstration Power Plant). This future fusion reactor is supposed to contain all components for power generation. An insight on the DEMO-design might provide this article: iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/57/9/092002/meta
I stand to be corrected here, but i believe a break through has been achieved re.fusion in that with recent attempts their now getting more energy out than they put in !
4:10 Can anyone tell me where those neutrons come from? I get lost when that happens. 2 protons leave, and then 2 neutrons are there? Do the protons just like, lose there positive charge or something? Thanks!
Like every element, helium is characterized by its number of protons: for helium it is two protons. But for the nucleus to be stable (not radioactive), the atom needs neutrons. The very rare 'helium-3' consists of two protons and one neutron, the ubiquitous helium-4 has two protons (blue with a plus-sign in the video) and two neutrons (yellow). Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction.
@@GRSmbHOoh, got it. Thanks for the explanation! I'm teaching this to my 8th grade class (very basics), and I just wanna be able to answer that question, because I am like 99% sure they will ask. Thanks!
Like every element, helium is characterized by its number of protons: for helium it is two protons. But for the nucleus to be stable (not radioactive), the atom needs neutrons. The very rare 'helium-3' consists of two protons and one neutron, the ubiquitous helium-4 has two protons (blue with a plus-sign in the video) and two neutrons (yellow). Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction. We hope, that is understandable.
Hello Rajul Tomar, Thanks for your comment. We are pleased about your interest in our videos. As our part is scripting and developing the content for these videos and the visual part is being realized by an external agency, we do not know, which editing software is used for this. Sorry… and greetings from GRS
Dear fadadapple, thank you for your question - we’ll try to answer it in a understandable way: Of course you´re right to assume that at first energy is needed to make those protons fuse. As explained in the video, that is because they are positively charged and therefore repelling each other - that is due to the “Coulomb force” (a. k. a. the “fences” in the video). On the sun, this repelling force is overcome by applying enormous heat and pressure, hence energy. As a result, the protons speed up so fast that they eventually fuse when they “crash” onto each other. In a fusion reactor on earth, the pressure level of the sun (≈ 200 mio bar) can`t be realized, that`s why the temperature has to be several times higher than in the sun. However, once fusion is reached, by far more energy is released than the amount that had to be put in to start it. Concerning the energy record, we can refer to the famous equation of Einstein “E = mc²” which describes the so-called “mass-energy-equivalence” (E is “inner energy”, m the mass and c stands for the speed of light - you can already tell that we´re talking large numbers here…”): the sum of the masses of the atomic nuclei (a. k. a. the protons) which participate in the fusion is smaller than the mass of the resulting new atomic nucleus. Therefore, energy is released to equalize the equation. Up to now, this positive energy record is only to be found in the sun (or in thermonuclear weapons) but not in the existing fusion reactors. So basically, we can "do fusion" already - the problem is that nowadays we have to put more energy in it than we get out. There are various scientific projects under way which are working to make fusion more efficient. We hope this slightly simplified answer helps you to understand what is going on during the fusion process :)
You need either very high temperature or very high pressure. Both things happens in the core of the sun, that's why there is fusion there. So I guess the idea is to use enough energy to create high enough temperature or pressure, and at the same time that input energy to be less than the energy generated by the fusion reaction.
Hi Freaky Janzii, thank you for your question. In nuclear power plants, nuclei such as uranium undergo fission: the heavy nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into lighter nuclei, releasing energy and several neutrons. These can be absorbed by other uranium atoms which release more neutrons. This is known as a nuclear chain reaction. The “first neutron”, which starts the chain reaction, could for example come from very heavy nuclei that undergo “spontaneous fission”: they spontaneously emit a neutron. We hope this could answer your question. Best from Germany!
So if you can bring a rod to an extremely high voltage in a chamber of hydrogen. It can heat up and cause the hydrogen atoms to speed up and overcome the culoumb force and then they can fuse
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. The proton's twisted tubules (Quarks/Gluons) become entangled at high temperatures.
Would you really get more energy back in return from nuclear fusion, if you're having to increase the temperature of the hydrogen atoms to 150 million degrees and really high pressure? Attaining 150 m degree temperatures seems expensive enough.
Hi iceakon, Thanks a lot for watching and commenting. In theory, the fusion of 1 gram of the deuterium-tritium fuel which is used for example in the ITER reactor would generate a thermal energy of roughly 100 MW/h. To stick to the ITER example: it´s heating systems deliver about 50 MW and the goal there is to generate a fusion power of 500 MW (referred to as „Q ≥ 10“, see www.iter.org/faq#I_read_that_ITERs_goal_is_Q__10_What_does_that_mean). So, genereally speaking, if one is able to deal with the various technological challenges it would be possible to gain an output far higher than the amount of energy put in.
Thanks for your question. Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction. We hope, that is understandable.
Nice video, but I prefer to think of the strong force (very short range) as Velcro. so only when the protons are 'touching', can they stick together. A very high density of matter and very high temperatures are needed for this to happen. Strong force much stronger than electrostatic repulsion when protons 'touch'.
Dear divyam, thanks for watching and commenting our video! This is really an interesting question… The protons during the fusion process might be very very very fast, but we don´t know precisely how fast. Maybe experts at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik know it (www.ipp.mpg.de/2285/en) or it´s mentioned in one of the ITER videos on youtube: th-cam.com/users/iterorganization Let us know ;-)
where flying neutrons come from? everyone starts explaining at halfway through. no one cares to explain the process how to get them neutrons fly to hit the atom in the first place.
how is anything more efficient than hydro electrical power? Its literally the rain cycle and gravity, all we have to do is build the dam and generator.
As of 2021, china with EAST (Experimental advance superconducting tokamak) sometimes called the artificial sun has achieved 120 million Celsius which is 7 times the sun's temperature, one of the world's largest nuclear fusion reactors.
Hi MRO and thanks for your comment. Concepts in which nuclear fusion is to be used to generate electricity, provide the hydrogen isotopes Deuterium (H2) and Tritium (H3) to fuse. The atomic nucleus of the H2 contains one proton and one neutron. That one of the H3 contains one proton and two neutrons. That means that three neutrons are “available” - two of them will be built into the new helium nucleus. One is released in the form of neutron radiation during the fusion process. Greetings from GRS
![ILLSLICK - WINTER IS COMING [Official Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/dwTMeM1zIhQ/mqdefault.jpg)
This video is 3 years old but a correction for the very end: we have been able to fuse atoms for a very long time. Tokamak reactors have been around since the 60’s and scientists have been able to successfully create a plasma fit for fusing hydrogen, however it cannot be sustained for a long period of time, meaning energy is currently being lost not gained by nuclear fusion
It's not the impact that causes the atom to split, it's that the addition of another neutron makes the atom unstable, therefore it splits.
Yeah that's really good you mentioned it, from what I understand the additional neutron causes more instability from the neutron/proton ratio
Thx
Nuclear fusion reaction in Sun,
Low to up↑
(1,2)H + (1,3)H→(2,4)He + (0,1)n + E
In Surah Ash-Shams, (Quran)
Word 'Shams' (Sun) contains Sheen(13th letter), Meem(24th letter) and Seen(12th letter); which are indicating the nuclear fusion reaction.
We can see, end of every verse contains small Ha and Alif, which are indicating the Sun is made of Hydrogen (small Ha) and Helium.
@@ummekulsummasuma3575 hol the horse up. I never noticed this. This is an intelligent detail. How can people still believe that a human came up with it?
@@mitth_raw_nuruodo not only that, the surah contains 15 ayats and surprisingly the nuclear fusion reaction also reacts on 15 million°C. But, this is not the end. Sum of the numerical values of Sheen(300)+Meem(40)+Seen(60)=Shams/Sun is 400. If, the distance between earth and moon is x, then the distance between earth and sun is 400x, Subhanallah! Not only that, Surah Ash-Shams is 91 number surah and the nearest distance between earth and sun is approx. 9.1×10^7 miles. Again this is shocking. The power of 10 is the number of verses (7) that Allah sworn about Sun, Moon, Day, Night, Sky, Land and Consciousness. Did you notice it before? Is this not enough for bring a non-muslim to Islam?
I feel like I'm listening to Janet from A Good Place. She's all I can picture with the voice. I love it!
Great. Now I can build the reactor for my Delorean.
Let me help.
Let me be there to just see and learn more!
Awesome explanation! I loved the rubber band analogy for the strong nuclear force
Hey potterhead
I kind of had the information from before but this video clarifies a few points. Also makes me realize why practical Nuclear Fussion is always "30 years away" (because for what I see, reliable and net energy gain from Nuclear Fussion may be more difficult that it seemed).
Clear and straight forward explanation - thanks!
Great video, superbly explained, and excellent delivery. Thank you for your great work.
I was going crazy trying to understand where the hell that gamma radiation and the extra kinetic energy come from. Finally I found this video that explains it using the rubber band analogy and the role of the strong nuclear force. Amazing. Thank you so much.
gamma radiation currently is the light! photons who has smaller waves!
radio ray has the biggest and gamma has the smallest also gamma has the biggest frequency and energy
photon is a very special thing they are particles and waves in the same time! (photons is the messengers of the electromagnetic force and energy) every electromagnetic power is come with the photons so currently any heat (like photons is the taxi and energy is the passenger)
just wanted to clarify it's the the force of impact of the neutron on the nucleus which cause it to split during nuclear fission
in fact, the neutron is absorbed by the nucleus and the latter becomes highly unstable and *then* it splits
you're welcome
sound effects are so silly i love it
You have no idea how much this helped. Your explanations are very good
Best explanation yet. Thank you for that.
Nicholas I Vanderstoop The explanation was wrong.
Thank you. You have improved my understanding in just 5 minutes
Frrr, so helpful
That explanation was great.
Keep up the same style and orientation.
Thank you! Milady
At 4:43, did she mean to say "fusion" instead of "fission", or am I even more cornfused?
She meant to say fusion, scientists are trying to develop ways of harnessing the energy released from fusion reactions but since they are ridiculously hard to initiate and the energy released is so great, it is hard to make it work. We already have fission reactors which release energy but no where near as much energy as fusion reactions. Hope that helps :)
Yes! Thanks. I wish we had explanations like hers when I was in school!! Wonderful lesson.
Was confused on that note too. Im pretty sure she made a mistake
Fusion.
How do you did the graphics please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Tell me please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Nuclear energy is simply the electrostatic repulsion of the protons in the nucleus. The neutrons act as the "glue" via the strong interaction to hold the nucleus together. Too many or too few neutrons and the nucleus is unstable. Furthermore, odd numbers of either neutrons or protons also tend to make the nucleus more unstable, hence isotopes like U-235, Cs-137 etc.
More valuable than my 4 hours class!
amazing video and really easy way to giving basic concept...i really like this video
So if atoms were the size of a bb, the energy released by fusion equates to a c4 mine explosion?
Which sis the cheapest way to produce energy?? or both are producing equal amount of energy?? please reply..thank you
Thanks for your question.
As said in the video, the potential of nuclear fusion (1 g of Deuterium and Tritium = 12.000 kg of coal) is higher than of nuclear fission (1 kg Uranium = 19.000 kg of coal). But for your question you need to consider many other factors. Among others the price of the energy source (Uranium vs. Deuterium and Tritium), the costs to build and maintain a power plant.
Nowadays, it is not possible to produce energy via nuclear fusion, so the answer to your first question would be, that nuclear fission is cheaper.
There are some research projects to develop energy production via nuclear fusion, but it is not yet to see, whether or when this technology will contribute to energy production.
@@GRSmbH Thank you for your reply. I love it
Please someone correct me if I am wrong, but the release of energy is the result of the initial unstable atom becoming more stable. In the case of fission, the more stable state is the result of the formation of two smaller, more stable atoms. All in all the point is, that in order to 'break' the strong nuclear bond, energy is required, not released. It is almost opposite to what this video is saying. Yes, if the atom is unstable, energy is released, and the energy is the result of becoming more stable (which is the result of the strong nuclear force). Also, fusion is not the result of slamming four protons together, there are multiple steps, but ultimately it comes down to colliding two helium 3 atoms together, with the expulsion of two neutrons in the process. Finally, the release of energy in nuclear fission is not the result of exploding an atom with a neutron. The additional neutron makes uranium 235 (or some other heavy atom) more unstable due to the neutron/proton ratio, and so to become more stable the atom splits. In becoming more stable, its energy state is lowered, so the energy is released in the process.
Thank you it was awesome video so clear and crisp
You deserve 1 Milion Subscribers. Great Knowledge
question in nuclear fusion when thee two protons come in contact with each other thay form a a new atom right? but if they did where did the nutrions and electrons come from
Thanks for your question.
Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay',
converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction.
We hope, that is understandable.
Interesting way of teaching 😊
Thanks. Really well explained. The rubber band analogy really helped me
I think it is the clearest explanation of both phenomenons.. thnks a lot for this awesome video..
now that there are 8 known forces, how does that play into this, or does it?
I'm brazilian studant and i liked your explanation.
Greetings to Brazil from Germany!
Very well explained!! Thank you!
4:05 Why do four protons form a helium nucleus when two of those four protons are released. Where do the neutrons come from?
5:05 Why do two protons form a lithium atom? 🤔
Sorry for that, but that makes it a little confusing...
Hi Banana Joe, the answer to your first question is a little tricky, that is why in this simplified video we left some steps of the fusion process out...
Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction.
We hope, that is understandable.
Concerning your second question: At 5:05, no lithium atom is formed or mentioned...
Thank you for this clear explanation
Awesome, thank you!
AWESOME this video helped me do my exposition :D
Please make a Playlist.
And thanks for the video
Hi Ashutosh, our channel offers both German and English playlists. Please find them here: th-cam.com/users/GRSmbHplaylists
@@GRSmbH Actually I'm talking about making the Playlist related to similar topic. So it will be easier to find certain videos related to the topic.
i liked ur explanation...wass really osm...i just clearly understood after watching ur explanation once only.....
Very good presentation
Very informative thanks! Btw, are you the Alux girl? Very similar voice 🤔
Thanks for this
Nice explanation and the animation is outstanding 👍👍
Am I crazy to think that the sun isn't actually hot enough for the velocities to overcome the Coulomb force and quantum tunnelling explains why it happens anyway?
Hello calone, thanks for your comment on our video! Your assumption is correct. Theoretically velocities are too low, to overcome the Coulomb force. But through to the so called “tunneling-effect” nuclear fusion can happen anyway. Many greetings, GRS
How do use or transfrom the energy from fusion reactors to electrical energy? Is through coonecting it to steam generator?
Dear Dante, thank you for watching our video. How fusion reactors will transform their energy is not finally explored yet. Questions like this might be answered by realizing the so called DEMO reactor (DEMOnstration Power Plant). This future fusion reactor is supposed to contain all components for power generation. An insight on the DEMO-design might provide this article: iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/57/9/092002/meta
I stand to be corrected here, but i believe a break through has been achieved re.fusion in that with recent attempts their now getting more energy out than they put in !
4:10 Can anyone tell me where those neutrons come from? I get lost when that happens. 2 protons leave, and then 2 neutrons are there? Do the protons just like, lose there positive charge or something? Thanks!
Like every element, helium is characterized by its number of protons: for helium it is two protons. But for the nucleus to be
stable (not radioactive), the atom needs neutrons. The very rare 'helium-3' consists of two protons and one neutron, the ubiquitous helium-4 has two protons (blue with a plus-sign in the video) and two neutrons (yellow).
Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction.
Hope that is understandable.
@@GRSmbHOoh, got it. Thanks for the explanation! I'm teaching this to my 8th grade class (very basics), and I just wanna be able to answer that question, because I am like 99% sure they will ask. Thanks!
4:08 Okay, but from where do 2 neutrons form?
Like every element, helium is characterized by its number of protons: for helium it is two protons. But for the nucleus to be
stable (not radioactive), the atom needs neutrons. The very rare 'helium-3' consists of two protons and one neutron, the ubiquitous helium-4 has two protons (blue with a plus-sign in the video) and two neutrons (yellow).
Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay', converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction.
We hope, that is understandable.
@@GRSmbH thank you!!!
Which video editing software you have used??
Hello Rajul Tomar, Thanks for your comment. We are pleased about your interest in our videos. As our part is scripting and developing the content for these videos and the visual part is being realized by an external agency, we do not know, which editing software is used for this. Sorry… and greetings from GRS
where do the neutrons come from?
Wonderful explanation in simple words
Weird language to keep saying "so called xyz", as if it's debatable or some sort of conspiracy.
Where does the energy come from in fusion? You would think it requires energy to combine protons
Dear fadadapple, thank you for your question - we’ll try to answer it in a understandable way:
Of course you´re right to assume that at first energy is needed to make those protons fuse. As explained in the video, that is because they are positively charged and therefore repelling each other - that is due to the “Coulomb force” (a. k. a. the “fences” in the video). On the sun, this repelling force is overcome by applying enormous heat and pressure, hence energy. As a result, the protons speed up so fast that they eventually fuse when they “crash” onto each other. In a fusion reactor on earth, the pressure level of the sun (≈ 200 mio bar) can`t be realized, that`s why the temperature has to be several times higher than in the sun.
However, once fusion is reached, by far more energy is released than the amount that had to be put in to start it. Concerning the energy record, we can refer to the famous equation of Einstein “E = mc²” which describes the so-called “mass-energy-equivalence” (E is “inner energy”, m the mass and c stands for the speed of light - you can already tell that we´re talking large numbers here…”): the sum of the masses of the atomic nuclei (a. k. a. the protons) which participate in the fusion is smaller than the mass of the resulting new atomic nucleus. Therefore, energy is released to equalize the equation.
Up to now, this positive energy record is only to be found in the sun (or in thermonuclear weapons) but not in the existing fusion reactors. So basically, we can "do fusion" already - the problem is that nowadays we have to put more energy in it than we get out. There are various scientific projects under way which are working to make fusion more efficient.
We hope this slightly simplified answer helps you to understand what is going on during the fusion process :)
Thank you for clear explanation
procesees?
So for nuclear fusion power to plant to work, we need to put energy to get energy? It doesn't make sense to me. Anyone please clarify?
You need either very high temperature or very high pressure. Both things happens in the core of the sun, that's why there is fusion there. So I guess the idea is to use enough energy to create high enough temperature or pressure, and at the same time that input energy to be less than the energy generated by the fusion reaction.
where did the neutrons come from in the nuclear fusion? I am kinda confused... but great explanation :) I love it
Hi Freaky Janzii,
thank you for your question.
In nuclear power plants, nuclei such as uranium undergo fission: the heavy nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into lighter nuclei, releasing energy and several neutrons. These can be absorbed by other uranium atoms which release more neutrons. This is known as a nuclear chain reaction.
The “first neutron”, which starts the chain reaction, could for example come from very heavy nuclei that undergo “spontaneous fission”: they spontaneously emit a neutron.
We hope this could answer your question.
Best from Germany!
So if you can bring a rod to an extremely high voltage in a chamber of hydrogen. It can heat up and cause the hydrogen atoms to speed up and overcome the culoumb force and then they can fuse
Hmmm...
This isn't what I wanted... But............... With Phsycic magic can u fuse it?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity.
The proton's twisted tubules (Quarks/Gluons) become entangled at high temperatures.
Very helpful. Thank you so much.
You are exactly right Mam....
Would you really get more energy back in return from nuclear fusion, if you're having to increase the temperature of the hydrogen atoms to 150 million degrees and really high pressure? Attaining 150 m degree temperatures seems expensive enough.
Hi iceakon,
Thanks a lot for watching and commenting. In theory, the fusion of 1 gram of the deuterium-tritium fuel which is used for example in the ITER reactor would generate a thermal energy of roughly 100 MW/h. To stick to the ITER example: it´s heating systems deliver about 50 MW and the goal there is to generate a fusion power of 500 MW (referred to as „Q ≥ 10“, see www.iter.org/faq#I_read_that_ITERs_goal_is_Q__10_What_does_that_mean).
So, genereally speaking, if one is able to deal with the various technological challenges it would be possible to gain an output far higher than the amount of energy put in.
but why do you need 4 hydrogen atoms to make 1 helium atom
Thanks for your question.
Fusing hydrogen into helium takes several steps: first, two protons fuse into deuterium with one proton undergoing 'beta plus decay',
converting a proton into a neutron. Then another proton fuses with the deuterium (one proton, one neutron), making one helium-3 atom (two protons, one neutron). Two of these helium-3 atoms can fuse to form one helium-4 atom (two protons, two neutrons), with the two 'extra' protons being released in this reaction.
We hope, that is understandable.
@@GRSmbH Thank you
Thankyou you so much mam❤❤❤
Nice video, but I prefer to think of the strong force (very short range) as Velcro. so only when the protons are 'touching', can they stick together. A very high density of matter and very high temperatures are needed for this to happen. Strong force much stronger than electrostatic repulsion when protons 'touch'.
What will be the speed of fully ionised nuclie
Dear divyam, thanks for watching and commenting our video! This is really an interesting question… The protons during the fusion process might be very very very fast, but we don´t know precisely how fast. Maybe experts at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik know it (www.ipp.mpg.de/2285/en) or it´s mentioned in one of the ITER videos on youtube: th-cam.com/users/iterorganization Let us know ;-)
Awesome exaplaination
what material can withstand 150,000,000 degrees c?
Magnetic field.
Nothing........ so you don't let it "touch" anything. You keep it suspended by a magnetic field.
superb lecture (marvellous &
Thanks... 👍👍👍👍👍
woooo awsome explanation thanx its brilliant guys
I know fusion is way more efficient then standard nuclear but leaks are the biggest concern.
Very well explained
really excellent - this layman thanks you
thank you\ that was alot of explanation
where flying neutrons come from?
everyone starts explaining at halfway through.
no one cares to explain the process how to get them neutrons fly to hit the atom in the first place.
THIS WAS SUPER HELPFUL, THANK YOU SO MUCH!!
Fabiola Marinero shut up
@@matthewgraham5485 no u
Alan Michael I'll never meet you and I definitely don't want to. So just go home.
Have a nice life tho, just away from me
Alan Michael I mean I'm sure you're a lovely person I just think we'd have a personality clash
very help full for students
how is anything more efficient than hydro electrical power? Its literally the rain cycle and gravity, all we have to do is build the dam and generator.
Is it possible that the universe will run out of resources in the long run?
Thanks , it's help me very much
Good information
The voice is amazing!
But isn’t the process still bad for the environment both of them?
BUT WHERE DOES THE FIRST NEUTRON COME FROM?!
Hi Christian, can you tell us which part of the video you mean (min + sec)? Then we will try to answer your question :)
this video has really opened my third eyes which were closed yet
I was blind but now I see ;)
As of 2021, china with EAST (Experimental advance superconducting tokamak) sometimes called the artificial sun has achieved 120 million Celsius which is 7 times the sun's temperature, one of the world's largest nuclear fusion reactors.
Love you teacher
tq so much very useful
It's very interesting physics but I feel that it's very dangerous way of creating energy I don't really ever think we need to be using nuclear power
I think the scientists know what they are doing，
4:11 from where these two neutrons came to form He?
Hi MRO and thanks for your comment. Concepts in which nuclear fusion is to be used to generate electricity, provide the hydrogen isotopes Deuterium (H2) and Tritium (H3) to fuse. The atomic nucleus of the H2 contains one proton and one neutron. That one of the H3 contains one proton and two neutrons. That means that three neutrons are “available” - two of them will be built into the new helium nucleus. One is released in the form of neutron radiation during the fusion process. Greetings from GRS
Very informative 😎
💞 I love you my dear teacher 💞
Thanks
Thankyou
“So called” electrons???
Very nice explanation
Search up the "Ouchi Case"
One of the worse Nuclear Explosion/Experiment/Torture
oMG that is such a great temperature here in nuclear fission
I don’t think she understands what the term “so-called” means.