1965 What are the PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY? by General Electric (Science, Electronics, Batteries)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 ส.ค. 2022
- For review and discussion, we look at "What is Electricity Exactly?" Educational and historical content, this 1965 GE film provides some of the best detailed explanation of what it is and how it works. A somewhat rare film, with clear examples and explanations. Terms and Topics include: electrons, voltage, amperage, watts, current, magnetism, ohm's law, resistance, batteries, generators, uses of electricity, electrical measurements, Tesla coil, lightning, experiments, and more. Do you think this can be taught in schools today? Hope you find it interesting. Runtime: 19 mins. Uploaded by Computer History Archives Project (CHAP).
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I believe old scientific films like this one explain the fundamental principles of science in a more comprehensible way.
Conversation between two atoms:
"I think I've lost an electron!"
"Are you sure?"
"Yes. I'm POSITIVE."
Get out !
LOL.
Excellent! : )
I'm sure they would ion out their differences.
Never believe an atom. They make up EVERTHING.
I love the honesty, "we don't know what electricity is" ....
Today nobody knows, but they act as if they know...
The truth is that we understand how we can use, but not what it is...
Exactly what I was thinking right now.
I do much prefer the way information was presented back before the 80s, they would just tell you how stuff worked in a frank way without any frills, documentaries about science or engineering turned into a series of special effects where the makers seem to believe that no-one would be interested in the subject so needed to be distracted with nonsense. The Assent Of Man or Cosmos are still the benchmarks IMO of how to make science interesting and educational. No-one learns anything from TV these days, it's all 'well this is an idea of how we think electricity works but if you believe it's different then that's equally valid'.
Hi Matthew, very well stated! Have to say, I agree with you're observations. So much has been "dumbed down" for public consumption that the opportunity today to teach large numbers of people with quality educational material is so often wasted. Thanks very much for your feedback! ~ Victor, CHAP
Agreed
we only have common sense. So, all descriptions should match common sense
Absolutely. Back then the experts really wanted people to undserstand the technology, now everyone is just showing off they C++ skills.
@Matthew Stringer Many viewers would rather watch things like Living With the Kardadshians and Dancing With the Starz! Gossip and drama gets high ratings which means more dollars generated in advertising revenue. A straight forward show about science isn't going to garner the kind of $$$ that the network execs are looking for.
I miss the way people used to speak. In a world of "hash tag" "af" and "og" it's refreshing to hear someone who pronounces the "H" in the words "what and while". Thanks for posting.
Thank you for another trip down memory lane.
The videotape recorders shown at 0:15 are Ampex VR-1000s. Two inch tape, moving at 15 IPS, four video heads on a 2.6 inch wheel spinning at 14,400 RPM was able to record a full 4.5MHz bandwidth video signal.
Hi Videolabguy, thanks for spotting the Ampex VR-1000s! I knew you'd ID this machine. Thanks! : )
Even in this 8K UHD digital video world, I am STILL impressed with videotape. Compare the innards and working of an 20 year old $50 K Mart VCR and a the same of a current DVD or BluRay player: There's a LOT going on in the tape machine that makes it one impressive feat of engineering AND precision manufacturing. The fact that Ampex got this tech together and was commercially sold BEFORE stereo LPs were available is just amazing! Fun Fact: Since our city (Lil 'ol Pittsburgh,PA) didn't have cable available until the early 1980's, I am one of the few that can say that we (our family) had a VCR before we had cable! (1978 VS 1981). 🤔😲
Danish national television got their first VR-1000 in 1959 and used the old tape system (on continuously improved machines) up until the late 1970s, long after they switched to broadcasting in colour. They got colour capable machines in 1968, but it depended on what they broadcast whether it was recorded in colour or B/W. First broadcast recorded in Denmark on the VR-1000 was the King's 60 year birthday celebration in 1959, and they recorded that purely as a test, only to decide it was so good it was worthy of being broadcast in the news that same night. That instantly proved that it was worthwhile to record everything on video.
Explanation was just awesome.
worth watching again and again. one of the great documentaries I have come across.
Hi Nalin, thank you for your great feedback. Glad you enjoyed this video from the past... ~ Victor, CHAP
I wonder what GE computer that was...ok GE 210 .. hate it when you guys are so good you answer my questions before you read them .. magic
Hi Gerry, you got it. Well, we wished they gave us more than 15 seconds look at the GE 210. It's a monster of a machine and quite rare.
@@ComputerHistoryArchivesProject Yep you wonder where the films of GE computer group are. Even the Wiki stuff doesn't go too deep ..
Not y2k ready
I love this 90's documentary style video
Best way of explaining the concept.
When I was training to do my electrical exams in 1977 i would of loved this vid
Great video, informative and didactic even today!!! ❤️❤️💝
I just love these older style of documentaries.
They have a unique quality to them. Perhaps an earthly tone in their voices etc. Or perhaps they explain it at a slower pace.....
More a-tuned to my brain/learning skills 🤣🤣🤣🤣
Hi YOGi, glad you enjoyed this vintage tech film. Hope you will check out our other tech films as well. ~ Charles, CHAP
Thanks for this video , Keep uploading these types of videos 😇👍
@2:50 I thought there was no background music in old documentaries till I reached here...
Very informative. Somehow, I cannot see this film being used in schools nowadays. Anyway, thanks for putting this out there.
Hi Sid, Glad you enjoyed the video. Hope you will explore the other videos we have uploaded as well. ~ Victor, CHAP
@@ComputerHistoryArchivesProject Very much so. Thank you.
I think you're right about that. Kids' attention spans wouldn't be able to handle it.
Very good explanation and documentary presentation
Hi Selvam, thank you, much appreciated. ~
Love these old education film. The end is odd, though. After all that detailed explanation, they don't bother to explain the differences between DC and AC. They only show DC power generation and then at the end show an AC turbine generator (or was that a turban?). There's also a lot more to power generation than just swinging a magnet around, put perhaps that's more of a "part 2" kind of thing
That was well done.
Franko, thank you!
Brilliant, thanks.
Thank you very much for your sharing video.
It Is very helpfull to understand electricity.
I have been waiting for your next videos.
Best regard
Ismoyo Riamah
Indonesia
Hi Ismoyo, thank you very much for your feedback. Glad you enjoyed this video. We have many other videos on vintage technologies that you may find interesting. Have fun exploring them! ~ Victor, at CHAP
Wonderful !
Many thanks!
Why can’t we just make videos like this anymore?
no clue
On the subject of aligned electron spins (aka 'aligned magnetic domains') as the source of magnetic fields:
Walther Gerlach (of the Stern-Gerlach Experiment) co-discovered electron spin, which was determined to be the cause of magnetic fields when the electron spins in a sample are aligned in the same direction (in iron, cobalt, and nickel).
Gerlach led a project in ww2 for the german army (he was german) - Germany in the 1940s was just as dependent on external sources of energy as they are today (russian fuels in our times). Gerlach led a team investigating Z-pinch fusion, an early 'hot fusion' technique that failed due to plasma instabilities. It was an investigation into a possible energy source.
Gerlach's team added a rotational shear (a rotating cylinder) to the Z-pinch reactor, attempting to solve the plasma instability problem. The device ended up being a centrifuge with two electrodes - positive and negative, one on top, the other on the bottom - arranged on the vertical axis of the rotating containment cylinder. Basically, just a Z-pinch fusion device like those of their times with a rotating containment shell.
Their 'working fluid' for their modified consisted of mercury, thorium and beryllium. This was NOT the standard working fluid of Z-pinch reactors tested in other countries.
It's not known if the radioactive working fluid combined with rotational shear (the rotating cylinder) led to a Z-pinch fusion that attained "break-even plus" output. The project was near the end of the war.
This project was known as "Die Glocke", or 'The Bell' in english.
I mention this because Gerlach's discovery of electron spin in the 1920s, and the fast follow-on (also in the 1920s) that aligned electron spin in samples (the so-called 'aligned magnetic domains') was also quickly followed by discovery in the 1920s of the Exchange Interaction, which causes spin alignment in adjacent charged particles - including protons and electrons.
When the Z-pinch pulse fires across its two electrodes, the plasma forms from the working fluid as in standard Z-pinch devices of the time.
But in Gerlach's modified Z-pinch machine - when the electrons are dissociated from the atoms of the working fluid, the electrons remain close to the axis of rotation. The heavier ions are taken up by centrifugal force by the rotating cylinder.
If the Exchange Interaction manifests during the pulse-ON-time of the device among the ions collected at the rotating wall, the nuclei may well align their spins.
It is not unnatural to think that Dr. Gerlach, already aware of the (magnetic) field effects that manifest in aligned electron spins - may have wondered if any field effects might develop with aligned nuclei spins during the 'ON' part of the pulse.
I work with a small team of hobbyists developing a copy of this device, with one exception - we are using Galinstan as our working fluid, which is the non-toxic alternative to mercury. Indium in the Galinstan mixture has a nuclear spin of 9/2, the highest nuclear spin known, matched by bismuth.
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Hi Greg, fascinating. I think you are talking above my "pay grade" but very interesting nevertheless. Thank you for the explanations! ~ VK
Well, that's interesting!
Very Nice documentary
Hi Nick, Glad you enjoyed it!
Educational
1:03 - The famous experiment of Benjamin Franklin (the man in the $1 bill) who flew a kite with a silk string during a thunderstorm with a key tied to the end of the string. He concluded that lightning is a form of electricity. (Static electricity, to be precise).
It's crazy that teachers still often describe electricity with the antiquated example of water pressure.
The way electricity actually works is endlessly weirder.
th-cam.com/video/bHIhgxav9LY/w-d-xo.html
@@lucasrem
Universal 220 wasn't feasible in the US at the time, but 110 should have been phased out in the 70s, though retaining the superior 60hz, because like 3, 60 is a magic number.
@@lucasrem
To quote an Indian guy from the 19th century who's name I can't remember and google isn't giving me any help.
"60 has such a universality as to be naturally elegant"
If you're casually explaining the behaviour of electricity and what V I R means to someone then going to the water pressure example is the easiest way. If you start trying to explain how it really works you'll lose them. If they're interested in knowing more then you can go into it.
@@MistahJigglah the reason Europe ran at a higher voltage than the US was because of WW1&2; it had no money and running at a higher voltage meant that the conductors on the grid could be smaller. With the thousands of miles of cable on a grid running higher saved a lot of money. It's also why European organs always sounded thinner than their American counterparts (listen to an Elka versus a Hammond for example) was because their copper windings were thinner.
I just loved the documents woow
thank you for bringing this wonderful record back from the past -
Hi Preston, very glad you enjoyed it. ~ Victor
@@ComputerHistoryArchivesProject I put myself through collage working on tube color tv sets - i'd learned how in the early 70s - i was very interested in electronics. By late 70s, I worked on the first automated transistor NC machines (ge 100, pratt and witney tape-o-matic) and then got into power generation and energy - I'm very blessed as my career has been so fulfilled (not money- but the thirst for this experience) I've been in every part of a Westinghouse steam 1GW x 2 station - and even made equipment for those - I trust that these videos will instill this thirst for the same magic i saw that drove me. Its not just video games - This is how the real games are done! God Bless!
Hi Preston, sounds pretty awesome an experience! I know that "NC" is the numerical control machines. Not familiar with the "1GW x 2," one Gigawatt electrical generator? They made some heavy duty equipment, that is for sure. You have got some great experience to look back on. Thanks for sharing that bit of history! ~ Victor, CHAP
@@ComputerHistoryArchivesProject giga-watt. more commonly know at 1000Mega-Watt pressurized water in standard configuration. Pretty much always two reactors and two turbines. Just like the their fathers, the coal steam powered stations. Nothing really changed, except that the steam generated from fission, not burning of coal, oil or now, nat gas. there were others, but that most common.
also, the reason for that configuration? because those plants served base load - which at the time, no realistic projection of the electrical demand (this was all late 50's early sixties - it took five, sometimes six years to get a plant from ground break to fully licensed and train the local population how to run it - and that's what they did - took high school graduates and directed them out of the trades to become licensed reactor operators, or elections or mechanics - to this day, its how we do it!)
Even if they watched this program some would still believe electric power comes from a wall socket.
5:17 lemon battery.
16:09 - AC generators are different from DC generators. DC generators have commutators, while AC generators have slip rings. There is another AC generator design where the coils (Stator) does not rotate, but the magnet (Rotor) does.
Like in bicycles?
@@xyz-sp9ht Yes. Even in generators used to generate electricity in a large scale like in a hydroelectric power station.
@@markarca6360 i really thought that ac produces alternating current, while dc does direct current... Hmmmn.. am i wrong?
The principles involved are *exactly the same*, you m o r o n. Are you just trying to appear smart?
Is there a narration credit on the film? Have heard that voice many times.
Hi Dale, didn't see a credit listing for the narrator, but yes, he is very familiar. Will probably be able to figure out who he is by checking other documentaries of that time period. If I get more info, will let you know. ~ Thanks! ~ VK
@@ComputerHistoryArchivesProject Thanks.
It sounds like Peter Thomas, narrator of Forensic Files, among many other things.
Electrons are negitively charged and don't colide while circling around the nuclious. And on the other hand, all the positively charged protons are packed in the nucleous. The million dollars questions that have is how these positively charged Protons packed together? where is the repulsive force between them? So the negatively charged electrons repel each oter and maintain their orbits. Can someone give me an explanation as to why all positively charged packed and not repulsing? Thank you.
The young man went on to work for Tesla as a senior consultant
Very interesting, but to know the source of electron flow when copper coil rotates in magnetic field. Thanks
A warning is needed ahead of this film? We are well and truly screwed.
Hi Frank, some viewers listen to our videos with headphones, and loud sounds are sometimes disturbing. We have had a couple of complaints, not many though....
11:19 That lady is like 2 foot tall!
why do like charges repel?
also what are electrons made of?
Electrons are fundamental. They are made of anything else, as far as we know. We know how they behave, not why.
We don't know why.
Back in a time when people made right teachings from true experts. Compared to todays so called experts
I: intensity of current
Electricity. First we cooked an elephant.
Then we cooked killers.
Electricity.
Why does it always seem like we're taught electricity "flows" from positive, through a device, and returns to the negative --- when from an electron perspective, the opposite is the case?
EDIT/ANSWER: Because the movement of electrons is DIFFERENT from the actual electrical current. It's the movement of electrons from negative to positive, that causes (induces) current to flow from positive to negative. (very simplified, but I'm told this is the right way to think about it)
because when the convention was created back in the 1800s they didn’t fully understand how atoms and electrons worked. It’s the same for calculations really you would just get the opposite sign.
I went to school in Pittsburgh, PA suburb in the 60's - '70's. We WERE taught that current flowed from negative to positive as far back as "grade" school. Perhaps being that Pittsburgh was home to Westinghouse, our teachers were "hipper" as to how electricity worked?, Every time I saw "conventional" flow in a diagram It would drive me "nuts"!
@@jamesslick4790 is electricity actually a movement of electrons ? does this model still works for higher frequency electronics ?
Or it's an electric field and magnetic field that propagate in the wire ?
@@shadowshadow2724 - The electrons do move, although not very far in AC. You wouldn’t have a field to propagate if they didn’t move.
@@GH-oi2jf so an electron cannot move to another location 4meters away from its original location in copper wire
Sa here
So basically the more I have, the less I am! And the less I have, the more I am!
Sounds counterintuitive to me, if only banks worked this way, I could possibly be the wealthiest person on the planet!
Notice when the description is given of the battery, both terminals of the battery are negative! But since one is more negative than the other, it's called positive even though there's no positive charge!
I have been saying this for a very long time, there is no negative or positive charge! There's only charge and therefore since there are a lot of different molecules that make up all the elements in the periodic table, there can only be different states of charge! One molecule can be positive in relation to one other molecule and also be negative in relation to another totally different molecule.... So this basically means that an atom doesn't have two different opposite charges plus the neutron which has no charge but instead, the neutron which is supposed to be neutral, carries a charge at the midpoint between the electrons and protons..... Assuming that those particules actually exist as they have never been seen to date!!!
This is exactly what Benjamin Franklin said about the electric charge, so whoever messed up and misunderstood what Franklin said has messed up everything and everyone else and it's 2022 and the clues are everywhere but no one is noticing....
And then you take a look at quantum mechanics and see opposite charges everywhere for every particule and you just know that when they realise that their core theory which is based on the atom is incorrect and thus all their quantum theories are also incorrect, they are going to fall over LoL 🤣...
This is the reason why it's extremely important to be able to see what it is that you are trying to explain, otherwise you are just wasting your time if you can't show me what you are talking about....
Instead of wanting to be wealthy, be content w/food & clothing.
@@simpleman283 that's all you are allowed to have, any more than that is going to require a fight, they won't let you have it so easy.
@@PeterMilanovski I paid sales tax on 2x4s & plywood, I nailed them together with a hammer I also paid sales tax on. Now each year they tell me I owe them money for this thing called property tax.
@@simpleman283 I feel and share your pain....
The other day I put fuel in my car for which I paid for the fuel and paid a fuel excise duty on it and then 10% GST tax on the tax and fuel combined! How the Eff does that work?
Something tells me that someone somewhere wants me to be positive so they need to keep my account in the negatives as much as possible! All for the privilege of not having to walk to everywhere.... What a wonderful world we live in!
COPPER HAS ELECTRONS A MAGNET PUSHES THE ELECTRON
THE NEXT ELECTRON UNTIL THE LAST ONER ON THE OTHER END OF THE WIRE PUSHES THE MAGNET ON THE OTHER END TATS BASICALY HOW IT WORKS. SPARKS ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARGE. ROTATING THE ELECTRONS IN AIR UNTIL THEY ARE PALSMA
You forgot to mention that it is all about European inventions.
Tbh, it doesn't need to be mentioned, anyone who is sane enough knows that European inventions are running our advanced modern world;)
what about americans ?
Give them a chance America have only existed a few hundred years and yet to discover Europeans.
Tu byłem ,Tony Halik 2022.
Can't think of our technologically advanced modern world without Electrical Engineering⚡🔋🔌💡🔦☎📡🎞📻📺📠📸📟💾🖥📱🔬🔭🛰🚋🚎🚘✈️🚁🛳