I believe this equation models real physical systems. However due to the algebra of the equation, the equation can either focus only on ions with a valency of 1, or 2, but the mathematics of the equation makes it where you can’t make the valency term 1 and then throw in ions with a valency of 2
It’s the way log rules work... it’s the way the algebra works for logs and negative charges... Idk if you remember that log(100/1) = -log(1/100) So because chloride is a negatively charged anion (aka chloride has a negative valency) you flip where you put it in the equation relative to the positively charges cations
Thanks akash.. if the video was a bit complicating don’t worry about it... this video discusses concepts you won’t learn until your 3rd or 4th year of undergraduate (once you’ve taken physics and learned about voltage)... but getting a general understanding will give you a huge advantage when you take cell biology and biochemistry later on in your undergraduate studies... good luck with your IBBR internship
why when considering electrical gradient the charge of outside the cell is neglected , as if there are more Na+ outside the cell there should be more positive charge on the outside instead of inside. Then they should all go into the cell instead of any leaving
is it because the cell is more concentrated than outside the cell, there for the increase of total charge of inside the cell have more significant effect than total charge outside the cell
There are 2 forces that move ions across a membrane… there are “concentration gradients forces” and there are “electrical voltage forces”…. These 2 forces are battling each other and eventually form an equilibrium…
Since the GHK equation is limited to ions that have a valency of one, could you use the Nernst equation instead and plugin intracellular and extracellular calcium values into that equation and still get a correct answer??
Im a bit confused on what you’re asking... But what I think you’re asking the answer is no... it’s important to realize the GHK equation is an imperfect model for real life conditions... it is a simplification and there are mathematical restraints to the formula... If you use the nErnst equation with just plugging calcium ions (when there are other ions in the real system that you hadn’t plugged in) then the Nernst equation will give you the wrong answer because it ignored the other ions.. If you took the GHK equation and plugged in ions with valency of one and also plugged in Ca ions... the math doesn’t work out and the algebra simplify doesn’t work Due to the algebra of logs... the equation is limited to ions that all have the same valency... so it ignores all other ions with different Valencies.. so it is imperfect Model and is only an approximation answer
@@sciencesimplified3890 The GHK equation considers unexcited, resting cells (i.e. calculates membrane resting potentials). It gives us a very close approximation of the real membrane resting potential as there are only significant membrane permeabilities (i.e. open ion channels) for K+, Na+, and Cl- in unexcited cells, and other ion species can be therefore ignored (even PCl- is already so low that its impact is very small). Once other types of ion channels open (e.g. Ca2+-channels during synaptic transmission) we will see a change in membrane potential but we can not predict the actual change as we do not have a P-value nor an equation to do the math.
I appreciate the enthusiasm.
I’ve had stressful nightmares in which someone is talking to me like this. “AND WHAT IF SODIUM LEAVES THE CELL????”
Lmaooooooo
i have never understood something so well , untill now.
I remember the normal conditions of a cell by just thinking of a salty banana. So Potassium is inside and then Na Cl is outside.
Haha I love that thank you for sharing!
thx bro, it's help a lot
Most effective explanation I've found so far! Thank you so much!
I wish my university professors were like this :D Such a fun, maniacle way of explaining
Such great energy! Helps me understand better thanks!
Thank you very much sir .....That energy sit us down to focus on screen..........
Well explaniert, but you could be more chill
no offense but quite alarming tone zz
Is the GHK equation giving the same result as the chord conductance equation?
bro u saved me... thank u science angel
I feel completely disturbed after this video 😱
Did somebody ever tell you that you sound like Morty from Rick & Morty? Great video btw, thank you!
frrrr
The equation has a valency term in outside the log, so it can also deal with Ca2+ ions as it is. Please correct me if I am wrong
I believe this equation models real physical systems. However due to the algebra of the equation, the equation can either focus only on ions with a valency of 1, or 2, but the mathematics of the equation makes it where you can’t make the valency term 1 and then throw in ions with a valency of 2
Thank you so much!
Best explanation!
Is it correct that pCl is supposed to be (Inside) above Outside in the equation at 4:46 ?
It’s the way log rules work... it’s the way the algebra works for logs and negative charges...
Idk if you remember that
log(100/1) = -log(1/100)
So because chloride is a negatively charged anion (aka chloride has a negative valency) you flip where you put it in the equation relative to the positively charges cations
Great video, really helped me out!
Thanks akash.. if the video was a bit complicating don’t worry about it... this video discusses concepts you won’t learn until your 3rd or 4th year of undergraduate (once you’ve taken physics and learned about voltage)... but getting a general understanding will give you a huge advantage when you take cell biology and biochemistry later on in your undergraduate studies... good luck with your IBBR internship
why when considering electrical gradient the charge of outside the cell is neglected , as if there are more Na+ outside the cell there should be more positive charge on the outside instead of inside. Then they should all go into the cell instead of any leaving
is it because the cell is more concentrated than outside the cell, there for the increase of total charge of inside the cell have more significant effect than total charge outside the cell
There are 2 forces that move ions across a membrane… there are “concentration gradients forces” and there are “electrical voltage forces”…. These 2 forces are battling each other and eventually form an equilibrium…
very informative, helped me to understand this topic alot.
Sounds good
A big applause!
Made it so easy to understand!!!
your videos are incredible! can you unlock the private video for me please? thank you!
Since the GHK equation is limited to ions that have a valency of one, could you use the Nernst equation instead and plugin intracellular and extracellular calcium values into that equation and still get a correct answer??
Im a bit confused on what you’re asking... But what I think you’re asking the answer is no... it’s important to realize the GHK equation is an imperfect model for real life conditions... it is a simplification and there are mathematical restraints to the formula... If you use the nErnst equation with just plugging calcium ions (when there are other ions in the real system that you hadn’t plugged in) then the Nernst equation will give you the wrong answer because it ignored the other ions.. If you took the GHK equation and plugged in ions with valency of one and also plugged in Ca ions... the math doesn’t work out and the algebra simplify doesn’t work Due to the algebra of logs... the equation is limited to ions that all have the same valency... so it ignores all other ions with different Valencies.. so it is imperfect Model and is only an approximation answer
@@sciencesimplified3890 The GHK equation considers unexcited, resting cells (i.e. calculates membrane resting potentials). It gives us a very close approximation of the real membrane resting potential as there are only significant membrane permeabilities (i.e. open ion channels) for K+, Na+, and Cl- in unexcited cells, and other ion species can be therefore ignored (even PCl- is already so low that its impact is very small).
Once other types of ion channels open (e.g. Ca2+-channels during synaptic transmission) we will see a change in membrane potential but we can not predict the actual change as we do not have a P-value nor an equation to do the math.
Permeability of Calcium during rest is extremely low
thank you!
Thank youu🙏🏻💐
well explained.
Thanks, Morty.
why is he screaming at me ;(
Very good thank you, but somehow your tone irritates me hahaha
Sounds like Morty teaching lol
Why are you so angry
it's only explain the resting potential due to the formula algebra, but no any physical interpretation, bad video