I found this little blurb I found useful about how these critters are numbered on wylie dot org A correspondent, Andrey Roubtsov, has explained that MP means 'modernised P', and this series largely consists of transistors with the same characteristics as the same number in the old P series, but in a more modern packaging. (There are however, a few exceptions). The GT series of germanium transistors the KT series of silicon transistors The 1T and 2T series of transistors In 1964 a new system of transistor naming was started (devices developed before this date continued to be produced with old names). The first character indicates the type of semiconductor: 1 and G for germanium devices, 2 or K (from 'Kremniy') for silicon and 3 or A for gallium arsenide. If the first character is a digit that device is intended for military application, if a letter it is for civil and industrial equipment. The next character is the letter T for bipolar transistors or the letter P (from 'Polevoy') for field-effect transistors. Then there are three or four digits. The first indicates the power and frequency characteristics and the remaining two or three are the serial number of the development, starting from 01. A final suffix letter means different variations of electric parameters. Even if there is only one variant, the letter A is used.
Very good video for beginners, so they can understand basic transistor parameters. Congratulations for all your work on testing those components and make it public.
I once installed Russian transistors in a radio....it wasn't long before it started to reek of vodka and unfiltered cigarettes, and playing in foreign languages that sounded stern and condescending.
The Soviets became very good at making germanium transistors because at one point silicon was scarce in the USSR. Some of the first microwave germanium transistors were made in that part of the world.
Lol. Silicon is the second most common element in the Earth's crust second to oxygen. If I don't know the correct answer already, I don't believe anything this guy says. Stick to what you know to be true.
He says 450-1000 mhz transistor would be great for fm. Are you serious???? Fm commercial band is 88-108. Transistor s don't know if they are amplifying fm or am. Garbage.
@@johnmcmillan8339 I meant refined silicon. It's very difficult to refine silicon and the resources for doing that at the time were scarce in the USSR.
Big Thank you for this video. I learn a lot from this, I find that the right transistors on ebay cost a too much to make any repair not worth it, if you can find them till now. I never thort of using them, just to scrap a junk radio for parts can take long time to find what you need. this will helo me save more radios I find in flea markets. so I buy a load transistors to find little infomation so far. I mostly find data but not the frequincey they run at. Just adds to the fun of this hobby... I have seen most of your videos and all ways looking forwaed to the next. As I learn so much from them. All the very best Richard (from uk Durham )
Love the Zenith. A transistor radio built in the style of a valve radio. Point to point wiring and even the transistors are sitting where the valves would be.
Shango, I've emailed linkage to my friend with the T/O 3000 - which is in need of the 121-373 matched pair, and most likely, some biasing work. (it's FM IF oscillator is not performing at peak efficiency, either) I've informed Ray that chances are that even if I could obtain NOS parts, chances are that whiskering would have taken them out, or set them up for "infant mortality" just like the originals. Kudos on a great job of researching these substitutions. We've long been in need of a way to effectively save these relics from better times, and the offerings from NTE just don't cut it.
Well done! I've bounced about that model TO as well, and it had a transistor failure. Got her going again, though; happened to have a spare on hand. I got lucky. Good to see comprehensive vids here about this stuff we love. Stay the course.
The russian Germanium Transistors are of good Quality as you said. I know the GT313, too, they can be found in TV-sets too, for instance in your "JUNOST" or sth, in older VHF-Tuners and surely in the Video-IF-Stages up to colour-Sets like RADUGA. The orange GT905-Transistors in the special package are Horizontal-Output-Transistors für little b/w-Sets, ELEKTRONIKA VL100 and SILELIS or sth...
Shango, I hope you have a great Christmas and a Happy New Year!! You've helped me have fun with radios and TV's...You are a great teacher and a natural at the video production. I wish you the best for you and yours Peace!
Thanks, for this. I just inherited a Zenith Trans-Oceanic 3000-1, 1965 vintage in good condition. I tried it and it worked great in FM mode but when I tried AM and Shortwave, there was no sound. After examining the inside, I noticed the AM oscillator (121-46) transistor was missing . Will order a pack of gt313b's as soon as I can. The radio itself is extremely well built with excellent sound even in FM mono!. Its a pity they don't still make them like that anymore. Thanks again.
25:28 those cheap meters are designed to measure hFE of silicon transistors For germaniums they give +20...30% error. Also for germaniums BE voltage drop is a bit higher than BC. Usually 10-40mV higher. Could be handy when identifying leads with DMM.
Those white electolytics are I.T. I. Nashville caps that are widely known to have a high failure rate. Whenever I see them in a radio I'm working on, I automatically change them.
Yes, Nashville capacitors, the 1950s and 60s U.S equivalent of Capxon capacitors today, or Hunts in old blighty. I think the Nashville company disappeared by the mid 1960s, you don't see them used in anything after that time.
OlegKostoglatov Admiral seemed to have managed to shove at least one Nashville capacitor into most of their '60s production. Service techs knew to search them out (even) way back, when! Right after I received my 2nd Class Radiotelephone License, in '77, I had the pleasure to have to rebuild the entire audio-out section of a Motorola Motrac VHF-Lo transceiver courtesy of one shorted 47µf Nashville cap. I think they managed to plague almost every major chassis manufacturer, except for RCA.
Have you heard of anyone having any experience with "Richey" capacitors, which are marketed out of Nashville??? Nashville and Aerovox were definitely the "Plymouth Volare and Dodge Aspen" of capacitors! Vishay still has some NOS Sprague product which is American made. They've depleted almost all of the Mallory line, and I'm now unsure of the lineage of "Orange Drops'...
No I have not heard of that brand at all, is that a new brand? I don't really mind using capacitors that are made off shore, so long as they pass the leak test on my bridge, which the yellow film caps never seem to have a problem doing. Illinois Capacitors are pretty good, not sure about where they are made now, basically the same as the Mallory film types. As for the Sprague orange drops there seems to be too much of a cult following with those, I don't think that the added cost over other brand is justified much of the time. Poly film caps seldom fail if they are bought through a reputable outfit, and not one of those fly by night fleabay dealers in China. Volares and Aspens, of the F body persuasion, were not too bad, though the early production models had issues with severe rust. I would say that Nashville caps were more like a Chebby Vega, Aerovox were more like a Nova/Valliant, but the Hunt capacitors were like an Envoy Epic/Vauhaul or an Austin/Morris Marina.
Oleg, I've been happy with the offerings from Justradios, and even used them in the last of the AM transmitter work which I did. I've long been a fan of JJ/Tesla from the Slovak Republic. I have procured the last of what I believe to be US-manufactured Sprague's for my Zenith K731/7K07. What little amplifier work which I still do usually receives Jupiter caps - not an inexpensive option, but they deliver very resonant sound.
I’m sure glad you know what your on about! I wouldn’t have a clue, that’s why my radio is still sitting where I last left it. I’m dyslexic with numbers etc so I wouldn’t know how to read any of what is on the paper.
24 to 25 mins in you were working out the pin-out configuration from the diagram of the "1t" type transistor. As it is an engineering drawing, the plan elevation rolls over to the side elevation. So the collector was the can, as you said, and the base top with the emitter at the bottom of the diagram. Just noticed this was 6 years ago, so I guess you've probably got that one figured...
I have a whole bunch of good germanium transistors which came out of an old Dymec digital voltmeter from the 1960s which, believe it or not, was designed to be computer controlled!
Russian G is the same letter that greeg Gamma. It looks like T without left part of upper stroke :) .... Letter which looks like inverted R is pronounced as Ja, or raher Ya in English transcription (which means I)
Always a good show. Sorry but in my opinion if it is populated with germanium transistors. Chuck the dam thing. I know I may live to regret that. Germaniums are very energy efficient bit the baggage is high. Thanks again. I with we lived closer. I think we could be very good geek friends. ;) Doogie
I wonder, are there any companies making new-new stock old style transistors and parts? Obviously they wouldn't be as cheap as soviet NOS parts but it would be nice to have new working stock of nixies and tubes.
1:08 кт315, кт361 не германиевые транзисторы. у советских транзисторов/диодов по ГОСТ маркировка состояла из следующих символов: 1(Германий) 2(Кремний), далее Т(транзисторы) Д (диоды), далее обозначение из трех цифр и в конце буква для обозначения разброса характеристик. Вкратце так, более подробно на просторах интернета )) Удачи !
NTE is just like GTE-Sylvania used to be, premium prices on rebadged surplus parts. I have a tube price list from GTE-Sylvania from the early 80s and it's just crazy, things like $15 each for 6SK7s, when NOS ones don't even break the $10 mark now!!
Good Video. i would like to replace 1T403V from Push Pull oscillator. since it is not recommended for new design. Suggest an equivalent silicon version.
is there a cross reference book, website ,or publication for the Russian stuff? in th 90's I was told the reds were still making tubes, it would be nice to get some of their tube surplus. Is there a web site where I can source these Russian transistors. I have no problem in buying bulk I just don't want to buy a Bunch of stuff I can't use. I am trying to keep zenith,halliccrafters, and Heathkit alive. I got most of my stuff from silent keys and hope to pass it on to the next generation, even if it has a bunch of red commie parts in them.
The digital designation of the material (1 or 2), the number 5 or a rhombus in the title - signs of military acceptance. It looks like a sale of obsolete property from military warehouses.
I always wonder do old transistor and old never used capicators, have a best used by shelf life ,I no caps can try out ,transistors have no Idea how long they can be stored anyone who would no the answer ,because I bought a new old stock emerson nr31 radio which I got a very good deal on ,and it was factory sealed and plays well.
Very good vid, showing useful methods of using old components. but, different components can sound much different, so you have to buy quite a few to have fun with. good learning tool. did you change all those pesky white and red caps?
Hi, since germanium transistors became very hard or even impossible to find for decades ago, a russian - or poland or chinese ones - would be a challenge between service or not a device... if a retouch on circuits will be necessary, what else I have to do ? I saved for future use some germanium diodes and transistors too, of japanese and european sources but just a little amount, who saved for me some rare radio sets... when they are off my stock, I'll be out of business, if no options exhists.
You're a lot run to American transistors and electrical components such as this up is the fact that there's not very many texts during board level work my cutie shingle I ask a man to fix my washing machine motherboard while it go I'll walk back and see if you know how to test it for the controls that along replace the transistor or something like that whereas all the videos I was seeing on TH-cam was people repairing them like you do
I found this little blurb I found useful about how these critters are numbered on wylie dot org
A correspondent, Andrey Roubtsov, has explained that MP means 'modernised P', and this series largely consists of transistors with the same characteristics as the same number in the old P series, but in a more modern packaging. (There are however, a few exceptions).
The GT series of germanium transistors
the KT series of silicon transistors
The 1T and 2T series of transistors
In 1964 a new system of transistor naming was started (devices developed before this date continued to be produced with old names). The first character indicates the type of semiconductor: 1 and G for germanium devices, 2 or K (from 'Kremniy') for silicon and 3 or A for gallium arsenide. If the first character is a digit that device is intended for military application, if a letter it is for civil and industrial equipment. The next character is the letter T for bipolar transistors or the letter P (from 'Polevoy') for field-effect transistors. Then there are three or four digits. The first indicates the power and frequency characteristics and the remaining two or three are the serial number of the development, starting from 01. A final suffix letter means different variations of electric parameters. Even if there is only one variant, the letter A is used.
Эти транзисторы до сих пор пользуются у нас популярностью у "радиогурманов" )))
Very good video for beginners, so they can understand basic transistor parameters. Congratulations for all your work on testing those components and make it public.
I once installed Russian transistors in a radio....it wasn't long before it started to reek of vodka and unfiltered cigarettes, and playing in foreign languages that sounded stern and condescending.
I was about to ask if the radio spoke Russian, lol.
and telling me to vote for Democrats
The Soviets became very good at making germanium transistors because at one point silicon was scarce in the USSR. Some of the first microwave germanium transistors were made in that part of the world.
What ?! There is no place on this planet where silicon is scarce.
It's realy abundant in Hollywood.
Lol. Silicon is the second most common element in the Earth's crust second to oxygen. If I don't know the correct answer already, I don't believe anything this guy says. Stick to what you know to be true.
He says 450-1000 mhz transistor would be great for fm. Are you serious???? Fm commercial band is 88-108. Transistor s don't know if they are amplifying fm or am. Garbage.
@@johnmcmillan8339 I meant refined silicon. It's very difficult to refine silicon and the resources for doing that at the time were scarce in the USSR.
Big Thank you for this video. I learn a lot from this, I find that the right transistors on ebay cost a too much to make any repair not worth it, if you can find them till now.
I never thort of using them, just to scrap a junk radio for parts can take long time to find what you need.
this will helo me save more radios I find in flea markets.
so I buy a load transistors to find little infomation so far. I mostly find data but not the frequincey they run at. Just adds to the fun of this hobby...
I have seen most of your videos and all ways looking forwaed to the next. As I learn so much from them.
All the very best Richard (from uk Durham )
Love the Zenith. A transistor radio built in the style of a valve radio. Point to point wiring and even the transistors are sitting where the valves would be.
Very interesting video. You did a lot of research which will help us to choose the best replacement transistor. Thank you.
Shango, I've emailed linkage to my friend with the T/O 3000 - which is in need of the 121-373 matched pair, and most likely, some biasing work. (it's FM IF oscillator is not performing at peak efficiency, either) I've informed Ray that chances are that even if I could obtain NOS parts, chances are that whiskering would have taken them out, or set them up for "infant mortality" just like the originals.
Kudos on a great job of researching these substitutions. We've long been in need of a way to effectively save these relics from better times, and the offerings from NTE just don't cut it.
Well done! I've bounced about that model TO as well, and it had a transistor failure. Got her going again, though; happened to have a spare on hand. I got lucky. Good to see comprehensive vids here about this stuff we love. Stay the course.
This is a great video, I've learned quite a lot, Thank you
The russian Germanium Transistors are of good Quality as you said. I know the GT313, too, they can be found in TV-sets too, for instance in your "JUNOST" or sth, in older VHF-Tuners and surely in the Video-IF-Stages up to colour-Sets like RADUGA. The orange GT905-Transistors in the special package are Horizontal-Output-Transistors für little b/w-Sets, ELEKTRONIKA VL100 and SILELIS or sth...
I had seen this about one year ago. Reviewed. You got another sub.
Another great video - really useful info on this one!
Shango, I hope you have a great Christmas and a Happy New Year!!
You've helped me have fun with radios and TV's...You are a great teacher and a natural at the video production. I wish you the best for you and yours
Peace!
Great video many thanks.
“Abracadabra” @ 26:55. Love that song. 💖
Haha for me it's just too long and too boring. But each one her taste.
awesome piece of zenith! loved those tuning cylinders!!
Thanks, this is super useful.
great video as usual
Thanks, for this. I just inherited a Zenith Trans-Oceanic 3000-1, 1965 vintage in good condition. I tried it and it worked great in FM mode but when I tried AM and Shortwave, there was no sound. After examining the inside, I noticed the AM oscillator (121-46) transistor was missing . Will order a pack of gt313b's as soon as I can. The radio itself is extremely well built with excellent sound even in FM mono!. Its a pity they don't still make them like that anymore. Thanks again.
tengo el mismo problema como lo solucionaste saludos
@@Vinicio244 Radio works well now.
Those little yellow silicon transistors are KT315, the leads break off quite easily on both that and KT361 type transistors.
This chippest transistors.
Mad whack skills!! Thanks!
25:28 those cheap meters are designed to measure hFE of silicon transistors
For germaniums they give +20...30% error.
Also for germaniums BE voltage drop is a bit higher than BC. Usually 10-40mV higher. Could be handy when identifying leads with DMM.
Those white electolytics are I.T. I. Nashville caps that are widely known to have a high failure rate. Whenever I see them in a radio I'm working on, I automatically change them.
Yes, Nashville capacitors, the 1950s and 60s U.S equivalent of Capxon capacitors today, or Hunts in old blighty. I think the Nashville company disappeared by the mid 1960s, you don't see them used in anything after that time.
OlegKostoglatov Admiral seemed to have managed to shove at least one Nashville capacitor into most of their '60s production. Service techs knew to search them out (even) way back, when!
Right after I received my 2nd Class Radiotelephone License, in '77, I had the pleasure to have to rebuild the entire audio-out section of a Motorola Motrac VHF-Lo transceiver courtesy of one shorted 47µf Nashville cap. I think they managed to plague almost every major chassis manufacturer, except for RCA.
Have you heard of anyone having any experience with "Richey" capacitors, which are marketed out of Nashville??? Nashville and Aerovox were definitely the "Plymouth Volare and Dodge Aspen" of capacitors! Vishay still has some NOS Sprague product which is American made. They've depleted almost all of the Mallory line, and I'm now unsure of the lineage of "Orange Drops'...
No I have not heard of that brand at all, is that a new brand? I don't really mind using capacitors that are made off shore, so long as they pass the leak test on my bridge, which the yellow film caps never seem to have a problem doing. Illinois Capacitors are pretty good, not sure about where they are made now, basically the same as the Mallory film types. As for the Sprague orange drops there seems to be too much of a cult following with those, I don't think that the added cost over other brand is justified much of the time. Poly film caps seldom fail if they are bought through a reputable outfit, and not one of those fly by night fleabay dealers in China.
Volares and Aspens, of the F body persuasion, were not too bad, though the early production models had issues with severe rust. I would say that Nashville caps were more like a Chebby Vega, Aerovox were more like a Nova/Valliant, but the Hunt capacitors were like an Envoy Epic/Vauhaul or an Austin/Morris Marina.
Oleg,
I've been happy with the offerings from Justradios, and even used them in the last of the AM transmitter work which I did. I've long been a fan of JJ/Tesla from the Slovak Republic. I have procured the last of what I believe to be US-manufactured Sprague's for my Zenith K731/7K07. What little amplifier work which I still do usually receives Jupiter caps - not an inexpensive option, but they deliver very resonant sound.
I like the pin mount transistor bases.
I’m sure glad you know what your on about! I wouldn’t have a clue, that’s why my radio is still sitting where I last left it. I’m dyslexic with numbers etc so I wouldn’t know how to read any of what is on the paper.
26:37 Sounds great
With Germanium transistors being so darn expensive now........ the Russian military surplus is a plausible option.
24 to 25 mins in you were working out the pin-out configuration from the diagram of the "1t" type transistor. As it is an engineering drawing, the plan elevation rolls over to the side elevation. So the collector was the can, as you said, and the base top with the emitter at the bottom of the diagram. Just noticed this was 6 years ago, so I guess you've probably got that one figured...
Strange to hear English via a Soviet radio... But nice job anyway!
Thanks for this vedio i want to buy a 121-350 transistor oscillateur for Zenith 3000.
I have a whole bunch of good germanium transistors which came out of an old Dymec digital voltmeter from the 1960s which, believe it or not, was designed to be computer controlled!
Russian G is the same letter that greeg Gamma. It looks like T without left part of upper stroke :) .... Letter which looks like inverted R is pronounced as Ja, or raher Ya in English transcription (which means I)
Always a good show. Sorry but in my opinion if it is populated with germanium transistors. Chuck the dam thing. I know I may live to regret that. Germaniums are very energy efficient bit the baggage is high. Thanks again. I with we lived closer. I think we could be very good geek friends. ;) Doogie
I wonder, are there any companies making new-new stock old style transistors and parts? Obviously they wouldn't be as cheap as soviet NOS parts but it would be nice to have new working stock of nixies and tubes.
1:08 кт315, кт361 не германиевые транзисторы. у советских транзисторов/диодов по ГОСТ маркировка состояла из следующих символов: 1(Германий) 2(Кремний), далее Т(транзисторы) Д (диоды), далее обозначение из трех цифр и в конце буква для обозначения разброса характеристик. Вкратце так, более подробно на просторах интернета )) Удачи !
NTE is just like GTE-Sylvania used to be, premium prices on rebadged surplus parts. I have a tube price list from GTE-Sylvania from the early 80s and it's just crazy, things like $15 each for 6SK7s, when NOS ones don't even break the $10 mark now!!
Good Video. i would like to replace 1T403V from Push Pull oscillator. since it is not recommended for new design. Suggest an equivalent silicon version.
cool man
is there a cross reference book, website ,or publication for the Russian stuff? in th 90's I was told the reds were still making tubes, it would be nice to get some of their tube surplus. Is there a web site where I can source these Russian transistors. I have no problem in buying bulk I just don't want to buy a Bunch of stuff I can't use. I am trying to keep zenith,halliccrafters, and Heathkit alive. I got most of my stuff from silent keys and hope to pass it on to the next generation, even if it has a bunch of red commie parts in them.
Kool stuff, now if I only knew what you were talking about?
The digital designation of the material (1 or 2), the number 5 or a rhombus in the title - signs of military acceptance. It looks like a sale of obsolete property from military warehouses.
I always wonder do old transistor and old never used capicators, have a best used by shelf life ,I no caps can try out ,transistors have no Idea how long they can be stored anyone who would no the answer ,because I bought a new old stock emerson nr31 radio which I got a very good deal on ,and it was factory sealed and plays well.
Very good vid, showing useful methods of using old components. but, different components can sound much different, so you have to buy quite a few to have fun with. good learning tool. did you change all those pesky white and red caps?
Ah, the good old days of the Benghazi scandal. Before the phones were smashed.
The transistor (25:37) marking is translated as 1T403D (not 'P'). A search on just 1T403 will find it,
Looks like a well built radio?
Multimeters usually don’t test for leakage which gives a false hfe reading for germanium transistors
I no this a older video,question,those transistor,are they new OK d stock or is it something still available?
What's the equivalent of 01 AC 128K transistor? Is there any possibility to replace it with an NON? Thanks in advance for your great videos.
KT315 and KT361 )))) 1.5 Ru for one.
in NTE the company that formerly made sylvania
Do you really need the case connection? I think of it more like a ground connection. Some TO-3 transistors use the case as the collector lead. Tx
sometimes grounding the case can help with stability if it's not connected to the base collector or emitter
The grounded case could also affect any internal capacitance generated between the junctions of the device.
Hi, since germanium transistors became very hard or even impossible to find for decades ago, a russian - or poland or chinese ones - would be a challenge between service or not a device... if a retouch on circuits will be necessary, what else I have to do ? I saved for future use some germanium diodes and transistors too, of japanese and european sources but just a little amount, who saved for me some rare radio sets... when they are off my stock, I'll be out of business, if no options exhists.
To Russia with Love
Good video!! can you help? where did you buy all this electronic components?
Same for me here. I want to buy transistors for my Zenith Transoceanic 3000-1...can you help please where to buy those parts? thanks in advance...
Ebay
does mouser sell germanium transistors?
Did it take a long time to find a spot that had Aeroplanes........
P214b russian transistor
Why do some have 4 leads?
Oh, for ground, right?
please can you tell me,whats the diffrence between fm and Lw becouse i have russian 303 radio
fm is high frequency LW is very low. I doubt the transistors and an issue in your radio. I have never seen a bad one
Can you change LW to FM, if you can then please tell me how to do it
You know Russian radio poccnr model 303
no
I know this radio. I have 2 receivers, they need to be restored. Россия 303
I notice some have 4 leads what is the extra lead for
feel free to overlook this question, I can see you covered that
You're a lot run to American transistors and electrical components such as this up is the fact that there's not very many texts during board level work my cutie shingle I ask a man to fix my washing machine motherboard while it go I'll walk back and see if you know how to test it for the controls that along replace the transistor or something like that whereas all the videos I was seeing on TH-cam was people repairing them like you do
No dont do it dont let the cat play with the radio you will have a catastrophe
Not russian but soviet
What you do steal the clipboard form the test only station? Lol