Here is a follow up video explaining ENTANGLEMENT more fully: th-cam.com/video/unb_yoj1Usk/w-d-xo.html Also, here is more detail on what a wave function "collapse" probably is: The whole process of “wave function collapse” proposed by von Neumann effectively introduced, in an ad hoc way - through measurement - a way to make the quantum evolution of a system become irreversible, i.e., to draw a line between quantum and classical. Does this really happen? Probably not. Decoherence is the modern approach to explain how quantum systems transition to classical. It results when a quantum system entangles with its environment. When this happens, the components of the wave function of our original system are decoupled from a coherent system, and they acquire phases from their immediate surroundings. This entanglement spreads not only to the local environment of the quantum system, but everywhere in the universe. Strictly speaking, there is no mechanism in quantum mechanics that “breaks” the entanglement. It keeps spreading. The coherence of our original system becomes unrecognizable. This is analogous to dropping a blob of ink into the ocean. The drop is never formally lost because in principle you could bring all the particles of the ink back together again. In practice that is not possible. Similarly, the original superposition of our initial quantum system, in principle, could be recovered if we could keep track of all the particles and their effect on the phase changes of our original system. But this quickly becomes impossible to do. There is no wave function collapse, but at some point, the original system becomes irretrievable, so there appears to be an "apparent" wave function collapse. Exactly when this happens is what Lee Smolin believes demarcates the present from the past. For details on Smolin's paper, see link in the description.
So to the best of our understanding everything came from a single point in space and time that we have labeled the Big Bang. I believe it was an enormous burst of energy that produced all the matter and antimatter that the Universe consists of. This is currently the most accepted theory I believe, right? So if what I described before is in reality what happened at the exact moment of the Big Bang, the universes very beginning as far back as we can currently imagine wouldn't this mean that everything in the Universe was or still is entangled?
What happens to all the future possibilities that seem to be unchosen ? Who says anything happens to them ? Isn't there theories regarding the future influencing the present/past ? Why can all possibilities exist simultaneously ? In each "present" where we exist maybe there are multiple pasts that could have brought us there but we recall just one plausible past. Similarly with multiple possible futures but we erroneously expect only one to exist. Each version of us feels we are the only one, in the only present, but are unaware and unable to detect another to prove otherwise. Are you really the same you now who started reading/is starting to read, this post ?
Real captions/subtitles/text ! And in 9 languages!!! That's solidarity and professionalism hand-in-hand. You simply cannot know how much it's appreciated!
@@ArvinAsh -2 people, A and B. -1 coin. - They flip the coin taking turns, A starts. - Who first gets "heads" wins. Stopping the game. Suppose a coin with a weight on the "heads" side causing it to always land on the "tails" side. How likely is A to win? Answer - 0, the same as B. Now suppose that we remove the weight of the coin by making a number n (random but finite) of tosses "heads". How likely is A to win? Answer - (1/2) ^ (2n + 1), different from B (1/2) ^ (2n + 2). If we represent on a line each throw of A with the real probability (50%) of coming up heads or tails. 50% ----- 50% ------ 50% ------- 50% ------- .. etc ------- = transition between A's throws where the condition that B takes tails must be met so that A can throw again, , and we assume that in a finite number of tosses A or B will win the game by going heads to stop the game, On that line, modify the probability (collapse) at each point A threw, now indicating the probability (1/2) ^ (2n + 1) = that its limit is 2/3. In other words, the same situation, assuming or not that the line will have an end, all the values will be modified at each point.
@@irokosalei5133 Well, far far cousin! :) But indeed, our tribes stopped above the turkish region and some turkish tribes joined to the hungarian tribes before entering the Carpathians (that happened around 965 AC). And of course later (16th - 17th century) the Osmans visited Hungary and stayed for ~ 150 years... so it also contributed to the culture! :) This is why we have also ö,ő,ü,ű and maybe other characters.., and some sounds and words :)
This is the most intuitive explanation of quantum mechanics available anywhere. Period. On behalf of the entire layman science enthusiast community, thank you, Arvin. 😌
Arvin, I just wanted to tell you that, not only is your content just good, but you are by far the best I have encountered at explaining physics. As an older engineering student who's mind isn't as flexible as it was when I was a teenager/early 20's, I can't thank you enough.
I had to watch it more than once, but this is one of the best videos that explains quantum to classical jump. Thank you very much for taking the efforts to create this beauty
Excellent, Arvin, excellent. Coherence vs decoherence; Quantum vs classical; Present vs time; Aloneness vs interactions; Determined vs uncertainty; Probability vs actuality; Being vs Becoming; all of them features & ingredients in the SALAD OF CHANGE!
When my math teacher in high school said: Infinity is undetermined - he was right. When I asked him why 1/0 is NOT infinity - I was right. We were both right, but we never came to an agreement.
Great video! In programming, "Lazy Evaluation" is when you don't run a calculation until its result is needed. This is very useful when interactions are sparse. The universe being mostly empty space, it would make sense for it to be Lazy Evaluated, somehow or other. When an interaction happens, only the needed properties would evaluated, and entanglement is the further delaying of the unneeded properties. This ongoing evaluation would be the forward movement of time, as Lee Smolin seems to be suggesting. Eventually, perhaps, interactions become fully resolved and are finally forgotten. As more complex interactions happen more quickly, that forward motion slows in that region of space, which then segues into quantum gravity/spacetime behaviors. The parallels between QM behavior and practical computer systems design are very interesting to me :)
Starting at 12:19 a light bulb turned on in my head. Wow, what a fantastic video. So the "reality" manifests itself as a collapse of the quantum wave function from the interactions of trillions of particles at the speed of light.
My favorite channel on this app. Definitely helped me ground myself mentally during my quantum physics course. You make mapping these concepts in the head so much easier!
"We live in the borderland" This quote says it all for me! It means we live in the present. This for me describes the borderland of the wave/particle duality. The past is the particle and the future is the wave. The present is the instant when the particle and wave are one in the same. It's bcus we live in this borderland, that we can demonstrate experiments showing waves and particles just based on observation alone. This is why it makes sense that a wave/particle paradox should be the reality for any observer, or to be more accurate, for any measurement of any happening in the universe, even if there is no observer. Slit experiments showing wave patterns are showing us the possible outcomes of what was the future at the moment when we fired the electrons. Slit experiments showing us the double line patterns are showing us the determined outcomes of what became the past when it got measured, meaning the electron's measurement is executed 'before' it hits the photographic plate or in some cases, a computer screen. That's why it doesn't seem to matter if we measure what happened before or after the slits of an apparatus, bcus the measurement is situated to happen before the photographic plate. So, the outcomes are displayed on the photographic plate as particle double line patterns. It should be then, that it only matters if we measure what happened 'after' the electrons strike the photographic plate in the apparatus, to see a wave pattern that is. This is bcus a probability wave when being measured, is equivalent to a probability being collapsed into the sureness of the past, which is the "present" relative to the observer who measured it. The present is indeed relative as shown in relativity theory, so a probability wave which has collapsed into particle form relative to my own observation, may still be a probability wave relative to another observer who has not yet measured the happening. Disagreement on simultaneity means that what is just a probability relative the latter observer, is actually a certainty relative to myself, since I've already collapsed the wave. For me personally, this means that probability waves must be deterministic.(I know I know, bear with me) We can't agree on simultaneity of 2 lightning strikes hitting a train. Suppose I witness the lightning bolts strike at the same time, and yu witness the traincar in the front get struck first, followed by the traincar in the back since you're traveling so fast(we all know this scenario)... Then I am certain of the determined outcome, that the back of the train has been definitely struck. Yet you are still unaware of the back strike. You only see a probability of the back also getting struck, which represents a probability wave relative to you. But relative to me, I know for sure, this back strike is a certainty. So even though you see only a probability wave and you have no possible method to determine with certainty that a 2nd strike will happen, it is still true, even for the unknowing observer, that the 2nd strike is an unavoidable certainty. Therefoee, probability waves must be deterministic too, am I wrong?
You wouldn't be but you just wouldn't be able know This is due to something called "super determinism" the future is already set but the universe is set up in such a way that you as an observer will never be able to truly find out Think God as an example of superdetermism
@@addajjalsonofallah6217 I like the idea of determinism, or superdeterminism if need be... Another thought of superdeterminism, I think is easy to imagine the fact that any observer who has crossed over an event horizon, has also watched the entire future of the universe unfold already. This must mean our future is already pre-recorded; an inescapable certainty. Our future is already the past relative to anything that has fallen into a black hole.
That was definitely interesting. This whole arrow of time thing, would this mean there's no single arrow of time for the whole universe? Like does everything in the universe go from quantum to classical at the exact same time and rate? Or can this happen at different rates for different objects meaning there's no actual single present?
Magic, science, philosophy, logic altogether starting finally to make sense. You just introduced us to an unbelievably useful way of thinking .Deep, very deep implications. Thank you soo much Arvin, love and appreciation from Greece.
Recoherence sounds like a vehicle for reversible computing: that is, doing computing, getting the information, then somehow undoing the computation (in effect resetting the entropic state to an earlier point) while keeping the information. It's one of the holy grails.
Amazing stuff Arvin. It's incredible how much we know about space and time, and how almost 90% of this knlowdege was enlightened in the last hundread years, a blink in human history.
One of my fav videos from you, hands down!!!! I'd be keen on learning more about that Yale study. So friggin' fascinating and hell yes to living in an ever-unfolding quantum universe, full of possibilities and not certainties. This means having the play of a creator consciousness, building a life by design. My only teeny request is that maybe we could find a different sound for the particles in future videos, it was sort of like... wet? Like someone chewing food or something. Lol. Stellar content as always Arvin, thank you!!
Agreed; I kept thinking of squishy things, but I think that was intentional: There is a certain fluidity to reality; the notion of time flow; change, malleability, all those signify movement which is ever present; The past has solidified; the present is squishy: :0)
@@ArvinAsh I get so much out of your videos. Thank you for doing them and for maintaining such high standards. I'd love to know where you went to school and where you taught!
Whoat a legend, one of the most complex topics in world, he explained it in the most simple way possible. It will probably take 5 years for my school teachers to teach this
Have to salute you. I cn understand English very well but for many Indians who can't or prefer Hindi to English... I m very thankful 😌🙏 to you. Keep the good work up. 👍👍👍🤟
Damn! My brain has not been this blown away since I finally understood the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Or back in 1969 when I dropped acid. And now my mind is blown again. Thanks, Arvin! 🤪
Past is classical, present is quantum......pretty much sums up the video. Thanks, your videos are very informative. I bunk my online school classes to watch your videos .....
Time, what it actually is, and the Arrow of Time, are such deeply profound and perplexing questions. I doubt any serious science lover does not spend considerable "time" trying to establish a finger-hold on how to properly understand it. This video offered a wonderful additional way to think about time, the past, present and future, in terms of that other great mystery, Quantum Mechanics. That there might be a fundamental and intimate relationship that can better help us characterize time, beyond the 2nd law of Thermodynamics, is exciting. It is interesting, and perhaps more than just a coincidence, that both QM and the 2nd law are probabilistic in nature.
Everything that happens works in a way or do not happen. Including magic and miracles or witchcraft or whatever you come up with. There's no supernatural don't matter what if something can happen it's natural. If it's possible it's natural. God is natural. The spaghetti monster if it exists it is natural. Existence is the very prove that something is natural
well its still magic, Why is the univers programed like this? This seems very odly specific. If it was backwards or didn't happen time would be messed up. Also energy / gravity effects the flow at which this happens (ie. time slows or hastens)
@@veronicats100 “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”. It’s not magic, it just lies outside your capacity to understand.
Arvin you are the man. You could explain multidimensional subspace transwarp physics and I would absolutely understand. You explain things so simply. Thank you!!!!
Great video as always. Question: how do we reconcile Smolin’s view of time, which seemed to imply the existence of a narrow strip of present (the past having ceased to exist and the future yet to be determined) with the block universe of general relativity (I.e., that my present will share different time slices with your timeline depending on our relative motion and acceleration)?
@Leo Yohansen No, I haven't heard of him. I do know that Hugli is an early form of my name and that it originated in Switzerland and eastern France. I have a Huguley genealogy and will consult it for information about the Lt. Colonel and Hugli de Vafflin. Thanks for the information and your interest.
@@Z3ROWOLFHD We haven't figured out time yet. I don't think we have reason. Stuff and things happened and here we are... I just want to make the most of my life before I rot in the ground.
@@ArvinAsh sir any update on quantum entanglement why and how it is faster than light I mean what is the medium they use to communicate? A warmhole or anything else?
@@theobvious1958 Always found interesting how the religious revel in trolling, aren't you hold yourself the superior? Or you think troling is the superior thing to do?
Arvin Ash is a excellent instructor. The explanation in this video lead me to better understanding of what happens between Quantum and post quantum states. Thanks Arvin.
Oh wow this was great! 👍 I coincidentally just happened to read Smolin’s paper last night (a bit late to the party, I know) and have to admit I was intrigued by it. I have to reread it some more and jot down additional notes, but it was very convenient to have read that paper and then noticed this video pop up in my feed!
Awesome video, and I have to admit, this perspective lines up almost exactly with the interpretation I've come to favour. The slight twist would be that, despite the fact that the past is classical, the quantum decoherence can still be reversed, but it would effectively be the reversal of the flow of time. This isn't the back to the future kind of backward in time, it's the complete loss of information about the state of all particles involved and the total loss of any entanglement. basically a reset to an earlier state. This is what I believe is effectively happening in the delayed choice quantum eraser experiments. Basically the arrow of time is the accumulation of information which comes as more and more quantum states become entangled. As our experience of reality is made up of an accumulation of experiences, i.e. information, we can only ever perceive the forward flow of time, and can never perceive the loss of information, regardless of whether that actually happens.
Genius. This makes perfect sense. We exist on cusp between classically defined past and quantum probabilities and possibilities of future. The past isn't fully gone though, as past has determined present conditions from which future can unfold.
I attended a couple of "entanglement" parties in the 70's. A few days after one of the parties, it became apparent that some particles' entanglements had tainted other particles. Ah, the 70's.
Well very well explained... I understand it a little bit more... And your proof that time is not real was spectacular... Only the moment actually exists..
Arvin you are amazing! I have to listen to your videos more than once and even then sometimes I wonder how much sinks in my brain. But I’m fascinated by the subjects you cover and the way you explain them. You’re very talented and I enjoy learning from you! Thank you
Amazing video as always,me personally i never liked this theory because its basically many worlds in denial lol,this theory makes an interference pattern impossible,if the alternate futures(realities)do not exist they should not interfere with each other.
So this decoherence is a continuous cyclical event that happens as everything affects everything? Sound less like an arrow of time and more like a wave of quantum decoherence that we're surfing on.
Second time eatching this video. It has helped my understanding about Quantum particles a lot. Its easier to understand whats written in the books and I dont have to read 10× to get a idea of what is in there. Thank you!
The interpretation given here is the one that looks at the concept of time as an emergent phenomenon that is a side effect of quantum entanglement. This was first fully theorized by Don Page and William Wootters in 1983. but it is based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation that combines general relativity and quantum mechanics - by leaving out time altogether... I won't lie, I do find this argument quite compelling, so I'm a bit bias towards the hypothesis. But an easy way to think of it is that, as you are not causally linked to "now"s other than your own, there is no entanglement shared between your "now" and some other "now". However, were the two causalities to become linked, your "now"s would converge by the degree dictated be the amount required from the given entanglement. Basically, we will both agree about the "now" of the slice of reality to which we are both causally linked, but we can disagree about the "now" for everything else.
It's amazing how much our interpretation of quantum wave function collapse had changed in just the last 10-15 years. Or at least I remember when decoherence wasn't ever even mentioned as a possibility.
Actually there is a way to tell with a snapshot the energy and propagation that any moving object has. However instead of photon sensitive cameras you will need an electron camera. Assuming you can build one and took just one picture of a moving object The camera will show more electrons trailing the object in the opposite direction of its propagation and depending on how much electron bunching or how long the electron trail is directly varies with its speed. You may not notice anything at low speeds. But near the speed of light you will see a lightning bolt trailing the object probably in a swirling vortex pattern. What’s happening is movement disturbs orbital electron motion causing it to lag and ellipse. Yes you can travel so fast all of your electrons strip off, nothing to hold the nucleus together and Bam pure energy. And that’s why you can’t go faster than the speed of light nothing made of matter anyway. Anything that goes the speed of light turns to light. If you want to experiment at home folks just build yourself a TWAT, traveling wave amplification tube throw in a audible repeating pattern through it and run it through some amplifiers. Swing your Twat around and you should be able to hear the effects of what I was referring to above. Of course to really hear it you’ll have to move your TWERK yer TWAT to make those electron bunching groups rattle around a little bit. ✨💫
Wow, thank you for the video. This confirms basically what I have been trying to tell people. Your fate and list of events you go through in your life is all set. You may appear to make decisions on things but in reality, you don't have a choice, as the quantum atoms in you will do that for you, it will do what it will do. Take for example, you stand at a roulette table in time. You think in your head whether its red , black or to walk away. You make a decision and plonk down your bet. You lose, you start to regret why didn't you buy the other color. Come to think of it, when your brain is flip flopping red/black, it does not matter, you will still go through that thought process many many times. At one stage you just put down the bet. The wave function collapse of all your atoms in your body and surroundings will have made you plonk down the bet or walk away. It does not matter. The main thing is you appear you have a choice, but in reality you didnt. All the atoms that make up you in a superposition state acted the way it did. Moral of the story, there is no point in regretting anything happening in the past. For you to be alive and going through the current state many many events would have had to had lined up in the past for that to happen. Think of your family line and go backwards, imagine a breakage in the line or something happening differently. You may not even exist now. Now consider the future, you definitely don't know what will happen, so just take it as it comes. Remember everything is preset, based on the your atoms in your body and what you interact with, you will be destined to experience a certain path in life.
So are we really heading back to the concept of everything in our lives being preordained by some super intelligent entity somewhere and hence surrendering to fatalism is the ultimate destiny !!!
@@ach557 No, why do you have to tied it to some super entity. Just think of the atoms of the universe from its inception, is destined to travel a certain path since the big bang. Galaxies being formed, our solar system being formed and finally our planet and the evolution of life. Just atoms/subatomic particles all lining up due to chance to give us what we have today and what we experience today. The atoms and particles in my body were the same ones created since the big bang.
But what if more than one 'free will' contradict one another at the same time and does such information clash or agreement travel at infinite speed across the entire universe? The past is done and future is chosen argument seems probably a bit weak there if there is local free choice. But still, the idea is very inspiring.
I thought that, if two particles were entangled, and one hit a third partivle, then the original entanglement was lost. At least, so said Leonard Susskind. Please clarify.
Half true.. I think the problem lies in the fact that what Leonard Susskind and others are referring to isn't just entanglement, but entanglement with coherence. In your example, the original quantum state of the two particle system will be "lost" but a new state of entanglement will arise involving the 3 particles. The COHERENCE will be lost however, although it is possible that you may form a new state of coherence between the three particles, although this can be tricky to pull off. Quantum entanglement occurs when any group of particles interact in such a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others. So really all the particles in your body, and surroundings, are entangled, but because there are so many particles, all contributing they're own quantum states to the entangled whole, coherence can't be maintained and everything gets.... decohered... decoupled if you will... The system just gets too noisy to be able to trace exactly how things are entangled. Ironically, this ends up evening out the quantum effects which actually ends up decreasing the uncertainties for the state of the system as a whole.
@@michaelransom5841 "Quantum entanglement occurs when any group of particles interact in such a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others. " What is their origin then? how are they ever not entangled with something?
@@BballMGS The short answer is, in real life, particles are almost always entangled with.. something... at least in areas where there are significant numbers of particles in relatively small spaces. link to a paper that explains this better than i can... paper labeled "everything is entangled" www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026931200994X I'm going to be a bit lazy here and quote a few lines from wikipedia... it does a good job of explaining, so why try and explain it myself.. i'd probably just botch the explanation.. lol.. But just incase you you don't want to read it all.. i'll try and give a way oversimplified TLDR version after.. "Any elements that decohere from each other via environmental interactions are said to be quantum-entangled with the environment. The converse is not true: not all entangled states are decohered from each other. Any measuring device or apparatus acts as an environment, since at some stage along the measuring chain, it has to be large enough to be read by humans. It must possess a very large number of hidden degrees of freedom. In effect, the interactions may be considered to be quantum measurements. As a result of an interaction, the wave functions of the system and the measuring device become entangled with each other. Decoherence happens when different portions of the system's wave function become entangled in different ways with the measuring device. For two einselected elements of the entangled system's state to interfere, both the original system and the measuring in both elements device must significantly overlap, in the scalar product sense. If the measuring device has many degrees of freedom, it is very unlikely for this to happen. As a consequence, the system behaves as a classical statistical ensemble of the different elements rather than as a single coherent quantum superposition of them. From the perspective of each ensemble member's measuring device, the system appears to have irreversibly collapsed onto a state with a precise value for the measured attributes, relative to that element. And this provided one explains how the Born rule coefficients effectively act as probabilities as per the measurement postulate, constitutes a solution to the quantum measurement problem." long and the short of it... any two particles that interact are entangled as so long as the degrees of freedom for each particle have been limited by the interaction between the two particles, however those degrees of freedom can be restored through subsequent interactions with the environment, each interaction setting up a new entangled state. After enough interactions, the limits imposed by the original entanglement are likely to be lost, but the information is still contained in the sum of all subsequent entanglements. hmm.. that might still be confusing... hmm.. Think of it as future possibilities on a human scale... so right now you have any number of possible things you can do with the rest of your day, but the two most probable are going to the grocery store, or going to a movie. Your friend shows up wanting to go to the movie, now you aren't going to the grocery store and you and your friends future is "entangled". But on the way to the movies you get a phone call and your partner needs to be picked up. So you have to bail on your friend, so your no longer "entangled" with them, and you still have the possibility of going to a movie or going to the grocery store after you pick up your partner. But, the information about your prior "entanglement" persists when looking at the day (system) as a whole as it has changed how the day could have gone, for you, your friend, your partner, and everyone else you've interacted with since you first met (entangled with) you friend, but the further you get from the original interaction, the harder it is to retrace all the interactions, and the smaller the individual contribution of that meeting to the current state of all interactions. I hope i didn't massacre that too badly.. lol..
That theory about the past being fixed and destroyed, and the present/future being in a quantum state, destroys theories about time travel.... guess I wont get a DeLorean anytime soon. Awesome video as always!
"The present is the dividing line between the known past and the unknowable future" is one of those ideas that starts out sounding profoundly insightful until you think about it for a moment, and you realize it's a semantic digression.
So basically the reason something can be either of the 2 options before you measure something is because it’s the quantum future which is reversible and the reason something is one or the other and not either after you Measure something is because it’s now transitioned to the classical past which is irreversible wow 🤩 quantum mechanics 🧰 as it said in the video really did generate the arrow of time itself I’m so glad to say arvin because of you I now understand so much physics😊👍🏻
Arinash, All of us experience time differently.. based on our physchological condition... What I mean is all of us percieve the same 1 hr differently depending upon whether we are bored or interested or happy or weak, etc.. Now since it is only and only human concoiusness that measures time...how do we know even on the classical scale.. that the time period of say, earth's rotation or a pendulum is constant?? please try to reply to this question!!
@@ArvinAsh but then I may ask "how do you know that time is a real thing".. Is it because all our theories work pretty well with the concept of time.?. is this belief of TIME just the confirmation bias that began with early humans or galileo measuring his heartbeat, that everyone just continues to believe???!!
Exceptionally good review of an incredibly interesting topic. Drawing decoherence and the experience of the 'now' into a single concept. I shall look out Lee Smolin's paper - Thank you!
Man, this is crazy. This morning I was literally thinking about the wave function collapse and wondering if it was really the present taking shape and the future being all of the quantum possibilities. I then go on TH-cam for the first time today and see the notification for this video! Arvin, are we entangled my friend? 😲
Because photons don't experience time. From the perspective of a photon, time is instant and space is non-existent. Thus a photon's future and past are simultaneous, and so a photon's future can retroactively affect it's past. Thus the delayed choice quant eraser results.
Awesome intuition and video! This makes quantum and its relationship with relativity very clear. What is also clear is that measurements in the past are absolutely still effecting quantum and relativistic probability in the now and future. Their future effects do not disappear from reality. Example: Imagine how a stressful event from childhood comes back to disrupt your life, time and time again? Another example: A pothole created in the road persists until it is fixed. Also, the distant future has no limits based on the present. The immediate future may have limits on probability but as entropy expands outward into the distant future, all possibilities become probabilistic again. An example would be a global killing asteroid that hits a planet wiping out all advanced life. The immediate future shows no possibility of advanced life however, the basic life form can give rising to advanced life in the distant future making advanced life probable at some point in the distant future, but only for this planet. Note: Since other planets with advanced life are not effected by the global killing asteroid, these other advanced life forms could immediately set up shop on this planet and start creating advanced life in the immediate future which means the future may be too complex to be 100% predictable. So at best we can say that the past only has a persistent effect on probabilistic, measurable, relativistic forms (infinity with limits) and not the entire system of quantum reality. Claiming that there are alternate realities and alternate worlds is like saying entropy itself creates alternate realities and universes from the unselected measurements and that entropy creates exponential order instead of exponential disorder which would violate entropic laws. If more relativistic order was created by entropy we would be neck deep in exponentially increasing iterations of our world that we wouldn't be able to move. If we look at entropy through a classical thermodynamics lens then the energy used and also transferred from the quantum particles into the relativistic state that created the final outcome has already been used and transferred. Thermodynamics does not allow for "phantom heat/energy" to manifest into the universe out of nothing to create additional, and new relativistic outcomes and realities, therefore, alternative realities do not exist.
What an amazing video! Can't even begin to explain how this vid helped me connect a few crucial dots, that link the meaning to our existence/reality and the fake concept of past and future and time, and even how all this can be analysed to treat and help people with depression, anxiety and panic attacks. ( set of beliefs/law of attraction/vison of the future) Past, Future is all just other possible "NOWS" : already observed/experienced/perceived ones ( what we think of as past) and imagined/created/projected in our minds ( the future). But at any given moment, in the now, all choices are happening simultaneously until u activate one of them ( observation/perception/choice of path), just like in a video game where all possibilities are already programmed but not "active" unless you choose to experience any given path. We can only experinece one at the time in the now ( excuse the pun) but that choice should define your current reality and feelings/mood/perception, nor should it shape your future and your vision of it. As anything could have happened ...and anything can happen. It's as if it's all been written already, or scripted as a possible outcome and, it's all in the same place, called the now....and the "now" is a vibrant and exiting place where we choose (or not choose) to experience one of the many possibilities that are all potentially existing as posibilities/ready to manifest as you choose to experience/perceive any given one into your reality. Playing the game.... All there ever was and ever will be is here, and it's called the now. Everything else is just a fiction of our minds. Any path can be chosen to be experienced and it's all pre-inputed as a posiibility ready to happen/materialize. And it looks like it actually really is like that, as you so eloquently explain! See> double slit experiment Does that make any sense? thought not...it did to me ! LOL seriously Mr Ash, you explain things at angles that are precious. Many thanks for your lovely channel ! I really think Quantum Physics is helping bridge the gap between science and spirituality. ps: I was thinking all night how reality/life is just a big infinite NOW, then..... the univesre sends me these 2 vids : -th-cam.com/video/gc_uRL9Ot4o/w-d-xo.html -th-cam.com/video/HieL-OjL3qk/w-d-xo.html and then...YOUR video pops up ! Sincronicity or what? Ciao !
For the Problem on the min 13:33 with the future, every Possibility is a "possible Future" ( The Key is, that YOU as Energy is to learn manipulate correctly all the remaning energy around you)
@@addajjalsonofallah6217 given the amount of anti-science nonsense that has emerged in the past year, I don't exactly believe that statement is completely true anymore.
Thank you for making a video that acknowledges some of the progress that was made in QM via decoherence. Also, Lee Smolin is a true OG of physics. Few things that could be added as to why decoherence might not solve the measurement problem fully: 1) quantum entanglement speed/rate is most definitely superluminal. 2) point 1 prevents a locally deterministic description (thus, probabilities). 3) would an access to an entire universe make quantum mechanics deterministic? it is unclear, but due to SR it could be the cause of spontaneous events (emission/absorption) in which case you have your QM/classical boundary.
5:55 to 10:35 - this part of the video is what I really needed to hear. It's hard to pin down the meaning of all the terms. This is a summary I typed directly from watching your video. Can you tell me if I have it correct? -- Atoms become entangled by the act of measuring. Basically, entanglement happens when atoms interact. Entanglement causes decoherence, which is when the waveform of each atom adds together and becomes jumbled. This ongoing act of atoms interacting spreads quantumness around the universe. It becomes practically impossible to keep track of which atoms are entangled, meaning which have bumped into each other and which have never touched. -- The reason my brain hurts right now is that I thought decoherence was the opposite of entanglement, and I thought the act of measuring breaks entanglement, not creates it. Also, I have more questions if anyone would be so kind to attempt to answer: (1) Are particles normally in a state of superposition, by default, whether or not they're entangled? Is the waveform itself the superposition? If so, is it only when we measure them that the superposition gets resolved? Or is further interaction with atoms going to resolve an atom's state and make things classical? The problem is, **some videos talk about how atoms interacting causes entanglement, and some videos talk about how atoms interacting breaks entanglement.** (2) Once we measure a particle and determine its spin state, causing its waveform to "collapse", is that former waveform subtracted from all other waveforms it had been entangled with? Or, rather, is it the opposite of what I'm saying -- is the particle's waveform then added to other particles' waveforms DURING/BECAUSE OF the act of measuring? Thanks!!
![ลองสุ่มไอโฟน 990 โกงมั้ย? [ โกงมั้ยครับ ep.101 ] | DOM](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bfsWe0j492k/mqdefault.jpg)
Here is a follow up video explaining ENTANGLEMENT more fully: th-cam.com/video/unb_yoj1Usk/w-d-xo.html Also, here is more detail on what a wave function "collapse" probably is:
The whole process of “wave function collapse” proposed by von Neumann effectively introduced, in an ad hoc way - through measurement - a way to make the quantum evolution of a system become irreversible, i.e., to draw a line between quantum and classical. Does this really happen? Probably not.
Decoherence is the modern approach to explain how quantum systems transition to classical. It results when a quantum system entangles with its environment. When this happens, the components of the wave function of our original system are decoupled from a coherent system, and they acquire phases from their immediate surroundings.
This entanglement spreads not only to the local environment of the quantum system, but everywhere in the universe. Strictly speaking, there is no mechanism in quantum mechanics that “breaks” the entanglement. It keeps spreading. The coherence of our original system becomes unrecognizable.
This is analogous to dropping a blob of ink into the ocean. The drop is never formally lost because in principle you could bring all the particles of the ink back together again. In practice that is not possible. Similarly, the original superposition of our initial quantum system, in principle, could be recovered if we could keep track of all the particles and their effect on the phase changes of our original system. But this quickly becomes impossible to do.
There is no wave function collapse, but at some point, the original system becomes irretrievable, so there appears to be an "apparent" wave function collapse. Exactly when this happens is what Lee Smolin believes demarcates the present from the past. For details on Smolin's paper, see link in the description.
absolutely wonderful. I've never been able to understand this concept in such eloquent manner. thankyou.
Arvin this video is fascinating.
One of the best you have made so far.
I am a fan.
So to the best of our understanding everything came from a single point in space and time that we have labeled the Big Bang. I believe it was an enormous burst of energy that produced all the matter and antimatter that the Universe consists of. This is currently the most accepted theory I believe, right?
So if what I described before is in reality what happened at the exact moment of the Big Bang, the universes very beginning as far back as we can currently imagine wouldn't this mean that everything in the Universe was or still is entangled?
What happens to all the future possibilities that seem to be unchosen ? Who says anything happens to them ? Isn't there theories regarding the future influencing the present/past ? Why can all possibilities exist simultaneously ? In each "present" where we exist maybe there are multiple pasts that could have brought us there but we recall just one plausible past. Similarly with multiple possible futures but we erroneously expect only one to exist. Each version of us feels we are the only one, in the only present, but are unaware and unable to detect another to prove otherwise. Are you really the same you now who started reading/is starting to read, this post ?
@@WideCuriosity the best question , to the points , i love it
Real captions/subtitles/text ! And in 9 languages!!! That's solidarity and professionalism hand-in-hand. You simply cannot know how much it's appreciated!
Glad you find it helpful.
Well, I still miss the Hungarian subtitles (even though Hungarian physicists were mentioned! ;P )
@@ArvinAsh -2 people, A and B.
-1 coin.
- They flip the coin taking turns, A starts. - Who first gets "heads" wins. Stopping the game.
Suppose a coin with a weight on the "heads" side causing it to always land on the "tails" side.
How likely is A to win?
Answer - 0, the same as B.
Now suppose that we remove the weight of the coin by making a number n (random but finite) of tosses "heads".
How likely is A to win?
Answer - (1/2) ^ (2n + 1), different from B (1/2) ^ (2n + 2).
If we represent on a line each throw of A with the real probability (50%) of coming up heads or tails.
50% ----- 50% ------ 50% ------- 50% ------- .. etc
------- = transition between A's throws where the condition that B takes tails must be met so that A can throw again,
, and we assume that in a finite number of tosses A or B will win the game by going heads to stop the game, On that line, modify the probability (collapse) at each point A threw, now indicating the probability (1/2) ^ (2n + 1) = that its limit is 2/3.
In other words, the same situation, assuming or not that the line will have an end, all the values will be modified at each point.
@@nemethdaniel6384 Isn't turkish a cousin of hungarian?
@@irokosalei5133 Well, far far cousin! :) But indeed, our tribes stopped above the turkish region and some turkish tribes joined to the hungarian tribes before entering the Carpathians (that happened around 965 AC). And of course later (16th - 17th century) the Osmans visited Hungary and stayed for ~ 150 years... so it also contributed to the culture! :) This is why we have also ö,ő,ü,ű and maybe other characters.., and some sounds and words :)
This is the most intuitive explanation of quantum mechanics available anywhere. Period. On behalf of the entire layman science enthusiast community, thank you, Arvin. 😌
Wow. Much appreciated.
@@ArvinAsh You are the best
I really like how he talks about papers that are published very recently. This shows he studies so much about the things he create videos about.
Yes. Late April.
@@makeracistsafraidagain can I ask you where did you get that information? Thanks in advance if you reply 👍
@@jorgeolivar3712 in the description just under the video. enjoy.
I just like it when he talks, he seems like a bloke I'd like to debate with over a beer
He's good at explaining concepts but it's obvious he has no rigorous training in physics or astrophysics.
Arvin, I just wanted to tell you that, not only is your content just good, but you are by far the best I have encountered at explaining physics. As an older engineering student who's mind isn't as flexible as it was when I was a teenager/early 20's, I can't thank you enough.
Best way to start the weekend with Arvin's "that's coming up, right now!"
School holidays here in Germany 😋
@@MrGold-17 You mean, some parts of Germany!
I know right, every time I hear that I get so hyped lol
I had to watch it more than once, but this is one of the best videos that explains quantum to classical jump. Thank you very much for taking the efforts to create this beauty
Excellent, Arvin, excellent. Coherence vs decoherence; Quantum vs classical; Present vs time; Aloneness vs interactions; Determined vs uncertainty; Probability vs actuality; Being vs Becoming; all of them features & ingredients in the SALAD OF CHANGE!
When my math teacher in high school said: Infinity is undetermined - he was right. When I asked him why 1/0 is NOT infinity - I was right. We were both right, but we never came to an agreement.
@@curtcoller3632 Infinity is more a workaround in mathematics, it doesn't exist in the physical world.
Arvin Ash, you explain very complicated phenomena in a very simple way that a 72 year old man like me can even grasp. Thanks and keep going.
You describe it so clearly i dont know how better anyone can explain this concept. Thanks Arvin
Great video!
In programming, "Lazy Evaluation" is when you don't run a calculation until its result is needed. This is very useful when interactions are sparse.
The universe being mostly empty space, it would make sense for it to be Lazy Evaluated, somehow or other.
When an interaction happens, only the needed properties would evaluated, and entanglement is the further delaying of the unneeded properties. This ongoing evaluation would be the forward movement of time, as Lee Smolin seems to be suggesting. Eventually, perhaps, interactions become fully resolved and are finally forgotten.
As more complex interactions happen more quickly, that forward motion slows in that region of space, which then segues into quantum gravity/spacetime behaviors.
The parallels between QM behavior and practical computer systems design are very interesting to me :)
my mouse click seems to be entangled with the like button on this video
Ooooooohh😂😂😂😂
That means if you click it would mean you did not like, if you didn't click means you liked.
lol
Starting at 12:19 a light bulb turned on in my head. Wow, what a fantastic video. So the "reality" manifests itself as a collapse of the quantum wave function from the interactions of trillions of particles at the speed of light.
You made real one of your finest videos, my friend. Thank you for this masterpiece.
My favorite channel on this app. Definitely helped me ground myself mentally during my quantum physics course. You make mapping these concepts in the head so much easier!
"We live in the borderland"
This quote says it all for me! It means we live in the present. This for me describes the borderland of the wave/particle duality. The past is the particle and the future is the wave. The present is the instant when the particle and wave are one in the same. It's bcus we live in this borderland, that we can demonstrate experiments showing waves and particles just based on observation alone. This is why it makes sense that a wave/particle paradox should be the reality for any observer, or to be more accurate, for any measurement of any happening in the universe, even if there is no observer. Slit experiments showing wave patterns are showing us the possible outcomes of what was the future at the moment when we fired the electrons. Slit experiments showing us the double line patterns are showing us the determined outcomes of what became the past when it got measured, meaning the electron's measurement is executed 'before' it hits the photographic plate or in some cases, a computer screen. That's why it doesn't seem to matter if we measure what happened before or after the slits of an apparatus, bcus the measurement is situated to happen before the photographic plate. So, the outcomes are displayed on the photographic plate as particle double line patterns. It should be then, that it only matters if we measure what happened 'after' the electrons strike the photographic plate in the apparatus, to see a wave pattern that is. This is bcus a probability wave when being measured, is equivalent to a probability being collapsed into the sureness of the past, which is the "present" relative to the observer who measured it.
The present is indeed relative as shown in relativity theory, so a probability wave which has collapsed into particle form relative to my own observation, may still be a probability wave relative to another observer who has not yet measured the happening. Disagreement on simultaneity means that what is just a probability relative the latter observer, is actually a certainty relative to myself, since I've already collapsed the wave.
For me personally, this means that probability waves must be deterministic.(I know I know, bear with me)
We can't agree on simultaneity of 2 lightning strikes hitting a train. Suppose I witness the lightning bolts strike at the same time, and yu witness the traincar in the front get struck first, followed by the traincar in the back since you're traveling so fast(we all know this scenario)...
Then I am certain of the determined outcome, that the back of the train has been definitely struck. Yet you are still unaware of the back strike. You only see a probability of the back also getting struck, which represents a probability wave relative to you. But relative to me, I know for sure, this back strike is a certainty. So even though you see only a probability wave and you have no possible method to determine with certainty that a 2nd strike will happen, it is still true, even for the unknowing observer, that the 2nd strike is an unavoidable certainty. Therefoee, probability waves must be deterministic too, am I wrong?
You wouldn't be but you just wouldn't be able know
This is due to something called "super determinism" the future is already set but the universe is set up in such a way that you as an observer will never be able to truly find out
Think God as an example of superdetermism
@@addajjalsonofallah6217 I like the idea of determinism, or superdeterminism if need be...
Another thought of superdeterminism, I think is easy to imagine the fact that any observer who has crossed over an event horizon, has also watched the entire future of the universe unfold already. This must mean our future is already pre-recorded; an inescapable certainty. Our future is already the past relative to anything that has fallen into a black hole.
That was definitely interesting. This whole arrow of time thing, would this mean there's no single arrow of time for the whole universe? Like does everything in the universe go from quantum to classical at the exact same time and rate? Or can this happen at different rates for different objects meaning there's no actual single present?
Arrow of time going backwards?
This channel is AWESOME!!!!
Yes! Are you Indian?
कैसे हो भाई?
Agreed 💪🏼
Magic, science, philosophy, logic altogether starting finally to make sense. You just introduced us to an unbelievably useful way of thinking .Deep, very deep implications. Thank you soo much Arvin, love and appreciation from Greece.
Glad you liked it!
Recoherence sounds like a vehicle for reversible computing: that is, doing computing, getting the information, then somehow undoing the computation (in effect resetting the entropic state to an earlier point) while keeping the information. It's one of the holy grails.
This is the best explanation involving the concepts around the arrow of time I’ve found so far. Thank you!
The best presentation I have ever seen for this specific topic - speaking from my heart! I share your arguments and interpretations. Thank you!
Amazing stuff Arvin. It's incredible how much we know about space and time, and how almost 90% of this knlowdege was enlightened in the last hundread years, a blink in human history.
Do we really “know” anything about space and time? We can make some predictions, but it doesn’t equate to knowing.
Anyway, a nice man. A good place to start. 50/50 will scoot you back and a nice place to end.
One of my fav videos from you, hands down!!!! I'd be keen on learning more about that Yale study. So friggin' fascinating and hell yes to living in an ever-unfolding quantum universe, full of possibilities and not certainties. This means having the play of a creator consciousness, building a life by design. My only teeny request is that maybe we could find a different sound for the particles in future videos, it was sort of like... wet? Like someone chewing food or something. Lol. Stellar content as always Arvin, thank you!!
Agreed; I kept thinking of squishy things, but I think that was intentional: There is a certain fluidity to reality; the notion of time flow; change, malleability, all those signify movement which is ever present; The past has solidified; the present is squishy: :0)
this actually helps me dealing with my depression, my future is full of possible outcomes, I'll use my intuition to create a better reality.
Another great way to wake on a Saturday morning, Coffee and Ash. 🙏🏼 thank you.
Good morning!
Same here, leaning on my motorcycle outside Dunkin Donuts, refill after refill.
I m watching midnight in my timezone. Hope I go to some beautiful quantum dream world 😇
@@ArvinAsh I get so much out of your videos. Thank you for doing them and for maintaining such high standards. I'd love to know where you went to school and where you taught!
@@TrossOfTheAlba Both at Univ. of Michigan.
One of the best explanations of quantum mechanics and arrow of time I've listened to, and a brilliant link between the two! Keep it up
The most meaningful piece of knowledge I've ever come across
Whoat a legend, one of the most complex topics in world, he explained it in the most simple way possible. It will probably take 5 years for my school teachers to teach this
The explanations are getting better on this subject. Good video.
Have to salute you. I cn understand English very well but for many Indians who can't or prefer Hindi to English... I m very thankful 😌🙏 to you. Keep the good work up. 👍👍👍🤟
Damn! My brain has not been this blown away since I finally understood the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Or back in 1969 when I dropped acid. And now my mind is blown again. Thanks, Arvin! 🤪
All of the words make sense individually but when Arvin puts them into sentences it makes me wish I listened in school.
You’re one of my favourite people when it comes to explaining physics for lay people like me. Thanks Arvin!
Past is classical, present is quantum......pretty much sums up the video. Thanks, your videos are very informative. I bunk my online school classes to watch your videos .....
Dear, no need for any online classes if you could understand such a grand subject as quantum physics and no need to bunk the classes.
Time, what it actually is, and the Arrow of Time, are such deeply profound and perplexing questions. I doubt any serious science lover does not spend considerable "time" trying to establish a finger-hold on how to properly understand it. This video offered a wonderful additional way to think about time, the past, present and future, in terms of that other great mystery, Quantum Mechanics. That there might be a fundamental and intimate relationship that can better help us characterize time, beyond the 2nd law of Thermodynamics, is exciting. It is interesting, and perhaps more than just a coincidence, that both QM and the 2nd law are probabilistic in nature.
This make so much sense. Finally no more “magic”.
You wish.
MAgic does not fly well with me.
Everything that happens works in a way or do not happen. Including magic and miracles or witchcraft or whatever you come up with. There's no supernatural don't matter what if something can happen it's natural. If it's possible it's natural. God is natural. The spaghetti monster if it exists it is natural. Existence is the very prove that something is natural
well its still magic, Why is the univers programed like this? This seems very odly specific. If it was backwards or didn't happen time would be messed up. Also energy / gravity effects the flow at which this happens (ie. time slows or hastens)
@@veronicats100 “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”.
It’s not magic, it just lies outside your capacity to understand.
My day isn’t complete until I hear the words …”right now…” 🙌🏽 my nightly routine is 1-2 videos of arvin every night!
You are a genius ! You explain complicated things so smoothly 🙏
Arvin you are the man. You could explain multidimensional subspace transwarp physics and I would absolutely understand. You explain things so simply. Thank you!!!!
I think the same 😺
Great video as always. Question: how do we reconcile Smolin’s view of time, which seemed to imply the existence of a narrow strip of present (the past having ceased to exist and the future yet to be determined) with the block universe of general relativity (I.e., that my present will share different time slices with your timeline depending on our relative motion and acceleration)?
I've seen a number of videos about quantum mechanics, and I think this is the most lucidly explained.
@Leo Yohansen No, I haven't heard of him. I do know that Hugli is an early form of my name and that it originated in Switzerland and eastern France. I have a Huguley genealogy and will consult it for information about the Lt. Colonel and Hugli de Vafflin. Thanks for the information and your interest.
I've been thinking about this a lot lately. Keep up the good work Arvin.
You think about superposition in your off time?
@@TuAFFalcon i think about time and our reason why in my off time
@@Z3ROWOLFHD We haven't figured out time yet. I don't think we have reason. Stuff and things happened and here we are... I just want to make the most of my life before I rot in the ground.
You are an amazing teacher Arvin! You have a gift which is amplified by your own passion and curiosity for the subjects you discuss. ❤
Great video and very well choreographed on this advanced subject. It is rewarding to see how well this subject is covered online now.
"This sounds non sensical to a baby"
jokes on you arvin, I am an adult and still dont understand it..
Haha...I said "this sounds non sensical FOR a baby"
@@ArvinAsh sir any update on quantum entanglement why and how it is faster than light I mean what is the medium they use to communicate? A warmhole or anything else?
@@ArvinAsh sir I watched kurzgesagt video of true limit of humanity is there any solution to travel on large distance
as smart as humans get, God is still smarter and better
@@theobvious1958 Always found interesting how the religious revel in trolling, aren't you hold yourself the superior? Or you think troling is the superior thing to do?
Arvin Ash is a excellent instructor. The explanation in this video lead me to better understanding of what happens between Quantum and post quantum states. Thanks Arvin.
You have to watch it minimum 3 times to understand almost every point clearly. It's really brilliant
Oh wow this was great! 👍
I coincidentally just happened to read Smolin’s paper last night (a bit late to the party, I know) and have to admit I was intrigued by it. I have to reread it some more and jot down additional notes, but it was very convenient to have read that paper and then noticed this video pop up in my feed!
I need my regular dose of Arvin to remind me that I am not quite as smart as I think I am, cheers bud!
Awesome video, and I have to admit, this perspective lines up almost exactly with the interpretation I've come to favour. The slight twist would be that, despite the fact that the past is classical, the quantum decoherence can still be reversed, but it would effectively be the reversal of the flow of time.
This isn't the back to the future kind of backward in time, it's the complete loss of information about the state of all particles involved and the total loss of any entanglement. basically a reset to an earlier state. This is what I believe is effectively happening in the delayed choice quantum eraser experiments.
Basically the arrow of time is the accumulation of information which comes as more and more quantum states become entangled. As our experience of reality is made up of an accumulation of experiences, i.e. information, we can only ever perceive the forward flow of time, and can never perceive the loss of information, regardless of whether that actually happens.
Ahhhhh it’s always great to wake up to anew Arvin Ash video :D
Genius. This makes perfect sense. We exist on cusp between classically defined past and quantum probabilities and possibilities of future. The past isn't fully gone though, as past has determined present conditions from which future can unfold.
🤔 I am going to need to watch this more than once....
yeah
this is one of the best explanations of quantum states that I have encountered. Thank you so much
I attended a couple of "entanglement" parties in the 70's. A few days after one of the parties, it became apparent that some particles' entanglements had tainted other particles. Ah, the 70's.
Well very well explained... I understand it a little bit more... And your proof that time is not real was spectacular... Only the moment actually exists..
Future can be altered just with the Thought if one is pure. AWESOME. 😍
That's my God.
Interesting. Can impure thoughts alter future event that is pure?
@@edgarbandoy6646 Sure, For every action there is reaction.
Arvin you are amazing! I have to listen to your videos more than once and even then sometimes I wonder how much sinks in my brain. But I’m fascinated by the subjects you cover and the way you explain them. You’re very talented and I enjoy learning from you! Thank you
Amazing video as always,me personally i never liked this theory because its basically many worlds in denial lol,this theory makes an interference pattern impossible,if the alternate futures(realities)do not exist they should not interfere with each other.
yeah it is many worlds but somehow the realities that interfeer some how cease to exist wich is more absurd than the realities spliting and being real
Thank you so much. This guy’s explanation helps me so much with visualizing these things for better comprehension. Thank you !
You are like my spiritual guide or something
Thanks!
That all actually makes crazy amounts of sense. What an awesome video.
So this decoherence is a continuous cyclical event that happens as everything affects everything? Sound less like an arrow of time and more like a wave of quantum decoherence that we're surfing on.
That is a clever way to put it. You may be right.
Second time eatching this video. It has helped my understanding about Quantum particles a lot. Its easier to understand whats written in the books and I dont have to read 10× to get a idea of what is in there. Thank you!
If "now" is the transition between a "classical past" and a "quantum future," how do we account for the absence of a universal "now"?
The interpretation given here is the one that looks at the concept of time as an emergent phenomenon that is a side effect of quantum entanglement.
This was first fully theorized by Don Page and William Wootters in 1983. but it is based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation that combines general relativity and quantum mechanics - by leaving out time altogether...
I won't lie, I do find this argument quite compelling, so I'm a bit bias towards the hypothesis.
But an easy way to think of it is that, as you are not causally linked to "now"s other than your own, there is no entanglement shared between your "now" and some other "now". However, were the two causalities to become linked, your "now"s would converge by the degree dictated be the amount required from the given entanglement.
Basically, we will both agree about the "now" of the slice of reality to which we are both causally linked, but we can disagree about the "now" for everything else.
It's amazing how much our interpretation of quantum wave function collapse had changed in just the last 10-15 years. Or at least I remember when decoherence wasn't ever even mentioned as a possibility.
The Universe is a computer and future indeterminacy allows to minimize the memory capacity when information is processed.
That is both so right and so wrong feeling, I for one, Love it!
Actually there is a way to tell with a snapshot the energy and propagation that any moving object has. However instead of photon sensitive cameras you will need an electron camera. Assuming you can build one and took just one picture of a moving object The camera will show more electrons trailing the object in the opposite direction of its propagation and depending on how much electron bunching or how long the electron trail is directly varies with its speed. You may not notice anything at low speeds. But near the speed of light you will see a lightning bolt trailing the object probably in a swirling vortex pattern. What’s happening is movement disturbs orbital electron motion causing it to lag and ellipse. Yes you can travel so fast all of your electrons strip off, nothing to hold the nucleus together and Bam pure energy. And that’s why you can’t go faster than the speed of light nothing made of matter anyway. Anything that goes the speed of light turns to light. If you want to experiment at home folks just build yourself a TWAT, traveling wave amplification tube throw in a audible repeating pattern through it and run it through some amplifiers. Swing your Twat around and you should be able to hear the effects of what I was referring to above. Of course to really hear it you’ll have to move your TWERK yer TWAT to make those electron bunching groups rattle around a little bit. ✨💫
0:37 the brainpower in that picture is intimidating
Wow, thank you for the video. This confirms basically what I have been trying to tell people. Your fate and list of events you go through in your life is all set. You may appear to make decisions on things but in reality, you don't have a choice, as the quantum atoms in you will do that for you, it will do what it will do.
Take for example, you stand at a roulette table in time. You think in your head whether its red , black or to walk away. You make a decision and plonk down your bet. You lose, you start to regret why didn't you buy the other color. Come to think of it, when your brain is flip flopping red/black, it does not matter, you will still go through that thought process many many times. At one stage you just put down the bet. The wave function collapse of all your atoms in your body and surroundings will have made you plonk down the bet or walk away. It does not matter. The main thing is you appear you have a choice, but in reality you didnt. All the atoms that make up you in a superposition state acted the way it did.
Moral of the story, there is no point in regretting anything happening in the past. For you to be alive and going through the current state many many events would have had to had lined up in the past for that to happen. Think of your family line and go backwards, imagine a breakage in the line or something happening differently. You may not even exist now. Now consider the future, you definitely don't know what will happen, so just take it as it comes. Remember everything is preset, based on the your atoms in your body and what you interact with, you will be destined to experience a certain path in life.
So are we really heading back to the concept of everything in our lives being preordained by some super intelligent entity somewhere and hence surrendering to fatalism is the ultimate destiny !!!
@@ach557 No, why do you have to tied it to some super entity. Just think of the atoms of the universe from its inception, is destined to travel a certain path since the big bang. Galaxies being formed, our solar system being formed and finally our planet and the evolution of life. Just atoms/subatomic particles all lining up due to chance to give us what we have today and what we experience today. The atoms and particles in my body were the same ones created since the big bang.
It’s almost like the quantum state is reason for free will, and the act of making a decision makes your life one way or the other.
That not an invalid way to look at it.
Yes, that crossed my mind too seeing this video. Interesting times!
But what if more than one 'free will' contradict one another at the same time and does such information clash or agreement travel at infinite speed across the entire universe? The past is done and future is chosen argument seems probably a bit weak there if there is local free choice. But still, the idea is very inspiring.
If the state that a quantum object decoheres into is random, how is that free-will? Isn't that determination by randomesness?
This channel should have at least 15 mil subscribers, its that good!
So is decoherence essentially entropy at the quantum level?
It's analogous, but it's a different process.
I actually gained a deep understanding. I am thankful for this.
I thought that, if two particles were entangled, and one hit a third partivle, then the original entanglement was lost. At least, so said Leonard Susskind. Please clarify.
Half true.. I think the problem lies in the fact that what Leonard Susskind and others are referring to isn't just entanglement, but entanglement with coherence.
In your example, the original quantum state of the two particle system will be "lost" but a new state of entanglement will arise involving the 3 particles. The COHERENCE will be lost however, although it is possible that you may form a new state of coherence between the three particles, although this can be tricky to pull off.
Quantum entanglement occurs when any group of particles interact in such a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others.
So really all the particles in your body, and surroundings, are entangled, but because there are so many particles, all contributing they're own quantum states to the entangled whole, coherence can't be maintained and everything gets.... decohered... decoupled if you will...
The system just gets too noisy to be able to trace exactly how things are entangled. Ironically, this ends up evening out the quantum effects which actually ends up decreasing the uncertainties for the state of the system as a whole.
@@michaelransom5841 "Quantum entanglement occurs when any group of particles interact in such a way such that the quantum state of each particle of the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others. " What is their origin then? how are they ever not entangled with something?
@@BballMGS
The short answer is, in real life, particles are almost always entangled with.. something... at least in areas where there are significant numbers of particles in relatively small spaces.
link to a paper that explains this better than i can... paper labeled "everything is entangled"
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026931200994X
I'm going to be a bit lazy here and quote a few lines from wikipedia... it does a good job of explaining, so why try and explain it myself.. i'd probably just botch the explanation.. lol..
But just incase you you don't want to read it all.. i'll try and give a way oversimplified TLDR version after..
"Any elements that decohere from each other via environmental interactions are said to be quantum-entangled with the environment. The converse is not true: not all entangled states are decohered from each other.
Any measuring device or apparatus acts as an environment, since at some stage along the measuring chain, it has to be large enough to be read by humans. It must possess a very large number of hidden degrees of freedom. In effect, the interactions may be considered to be quantum measurements. As a result of an interaction, the wave functions of the system and the measuring device become entangled with each other. Decoherence happens when different portions of the system's wave function become entangled in different ways with the measuring device. For two einselected elements of the entangled system's state to interfere, both the original system and the measuring in both elements device must significantly overlap, in the scalar product sense. If the measuring device has many degrees of freedom, it is very unlikely for this to happen.
As a consequence, the system behaves as a classical statistical ensemble of the different elements rather than as a single coherent quantum superposition of them. From the perspective of each ensemble member's measuring device, the system appears to have irreversibly collapsed onto a state with a precise value for the measured attributes, relative to that element. And this provided one explains how the Born rule coefficients effectively act as probabilities as per the measurement postulate, constitutes a solution to the quantum measurement problem."
long and the short of it... any two particles that interact are entangled as so long as the degrees of freedom for each particle have been limited by the interaction between the two particles, however those degrees of freedom can be restored through subsequent interactions with the environment, each interaction setting up a new entangled state. After enough interactions, the limits imposed by the original entanglement are likely to be lost, but the information is still contained in the sum of all subsequent entanglements.
hmm.. that might still be confusing... hmm..
Think of it as future possibilities on a human scale... so right now you have any number of possible things you can do with the rest of your day, but the two most probable are going to the grocery store, or going to a movie. Your friend shows up wanting to go to the movie, now you aren't going to the grocery store and you and your friends future is "entangled". But on the way to the movies you get a phone call and your partner needs to be picked up. So you have to bail on your friend, so your no longer "entangled" with them, and you still have the possibility of going to a movie or going to the grocery store after you pick up your partner. But, the information about your prior "entanglement" persists when looking at the day (system) as a whole as it has changed how the day could have gone, for you, your friend, your partner, and everyone else you've interacted with since you first met (entangled with) you friend, but the further you get from the original interaction, the harder it is to retrace all the interactions, and the smaller the individual contribution of that meeting to the current state of all interactions.
I hope i didn't massacre that too badly.. lol..
That theory about the past being fixed and destroyed, and the present/future being in a quantum state, destroys theories about time travel.... guess I wont get a DeLorean anytime soon. Awesome video as always!
"The present is the dividing line between the known past and the unknowable future" is one of those ideas that starts out sounding profoundly insightful until you think about it for a moment, and you realize it's a semantic digression.
Somlin's point is that it is also the dividing line between the quantum and classical - this is the so called, "wave function collapse"
So basically the reason something can be either of the 2 options before you measure something is because it’s the quantum future which is reversible and the reason something is one or the other and not either after you Measure something is because it’s now transitioned to the classical past which is irreversible wow 🤩 quantum mechanics 🧰 as it said in the video really did generate the arrow of time itself I’m so glad to say arvin because of you I now understand so much physics😊👍🏻
You're the best cause of your video illustrations and visuals, love u from the Caribbean
Arinash, All of us experience time differently.. based on our physchological condition... What I mean is all of us percieve the same 1 hr differently depending upon whether we are bored or interested or happy or weak, etc.. Now since it is only and only human concoiusness that measures time...how do we know even on the classical scale.. that the time period of say, earth's rotation or a pendulum is constant??
please try to reply to this question!!
I don't think time is purely subjective. There is a real objective time by which quantum systems evolve, and things "happen."
Nice question
look classical things are easy to measure, 9,81
@@ArvinAsh but then I may ask "how do you know that time is a real thing".. Is it because all our theories work pretty well with the concept of time.?. is this belief of TIME just the confirmation bias that began with early humans or galileo measuring his heartbeat, that everyone just continues to believe???!!
@Mr Fl0v I agree.. but our job is to get as close to truth as possible
I came to very similar conclusions few months ago about the nature of reality after thinking in double slit exp.
Good video as usual.
Waiting for this since yesterday from Pakistan.
Also from Pakistan
Exceptionally good review of an incredibly interesting topic. Drawing decoherence and the experience of the 'now' into a single concept. I shall look out Lee Smolin's paper - Thank you!
I will pretend as I understand everything you explained 😁
There can be no enlightenment for an atheist
I understood it
💪Thank you Mr Ash. In the double slit experiment graphics, you actually exchanged the misleading "measuring eye" for a measurement device. 🙌
It becomes classical physics after the langoliers eat the other sides of the waveform.
Great book
Man, this is crazy. This morning I was literally thinking about the wave function collapse and wondering if it was really the present taking shape and the future being all of the quantum possibilities.
I then go on TH-cam for the first time today and see the notification for this video!
Arvin, are we entangled my friend? 😲
Well if this theory is correct, there is potentially no limit to entanglement. lol.
If the past is gone and cannot be changed, how do we explain the delayed choice quantum eraser??
Because photons don't experience time. From the perspective of a photon, time is instant and space is non-existent. Thus a photon's future and past are simultaneous, and so a photon's future can retroactively affect it's past. Thus the delayed choice quant eraser results.
Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video. Many thanks for the links to the papers.
Awesome intuition and video! This makes quantum and its relationship with relativity very clear.
What is also clear is that measurements in the past are absolutely still effecting quantum and relativistic probability in the now and future. Their future effects do not disappear from reality. Example: Imagine how a stressful event from childhood comes back to disrupt your life, time and time again? Another example: A pothole created in the road persists until it is fixed.
Also, the distant future has no limits based on the present.
The immediate future may have limits on probability but as entropy expands outward into the distant future, all possibilities become probabilistic again.
An example would be a global killing asteroid that hits a planet wiping out all advanced life. The immediate future shows no possibility of advanced life however, the basic life form can give rising to advanced life in the distant future making advanced life probable at some point in the distant future, but only for this planet.
Note: Since other planets with advanced life are not effected by the global killing asteroid, these other advanced life forms could immediately set up shop on this planet and start creating advanced life in the immediate future which means the future may be too complex to be 100% predictable.
So at best we can say that the past only has a persistent effect on probabilistic, measurable, relativistic forms (infinity with limits) and not the entire system of quantum reality.
Claiming that there are alternate realities and alternate worlds is like saying entropy itself creates alternate realities and universes from the unselected measurements and that entropy creates exponential order instead of exponential disorder which would violate entropic laws.
If more relativistic order was created by entropy we would be neck deep in exponentially increasing iterations of our world that we wouldn't be able to move.
If we look at entropy through a classical thermodynamics lens then the energy used and also transferred from the quantum particles into the relativistic state that created the final outcome has already been used and transferred.
Thermodynamics does not allow for "phantom heat/energy" to manifest into the universe out of nothing to create additional, and new relativistic outcomes and realities, therefore, alternative realities do not exist.
What an amazing video!
Can't even begin to explain how this vid helped me connect a few crucial dots, that link the meaning to our existence/reality and the fake concept of past and future and time, and even how all this can be analysed to treat and help people with depression, anxiety and panic attacks. ( set of beliefs/law of attraction/vison of the future)
Past, Future is all just other possible "NOWS" : already observed/experienced/perceived ones ( what we think of as past) and imagined/created/projected in our minds ( the future). But at any given moment, in the now, all choices are happening simultaneously until u activate one of them ( observation/perception/choice of path), just like in a video game where all possibilities are already programmed but not "active" unless you choose to experience any given path.
We can only experinece one at the time in the now ( excuse the pun) but that choice should define your current reality and feelings/mood/perception, nor should it shape your future and your vision of it. As anything could have happened ...and anything can happen. It's as if it's all been written already, or scripted as a possible outcome and, it's all in the same place, called the now....and the "now" is a vibrant and exiting place where we choose (or not choose) to experience one of the many possibilities that are all potentially existing as posibilities/ready to manifest as you choose to experience/perceive any given one into your reality. Playing the game....
All there ever was and ever will be is here, and it's called the now. Everything else is just a fiction of our minds. Any path can be chosen to be experienced and it's all pre-inputed as a posiibility ready to happen/materialize. And it looks like it actually really is like that, as you so eloquently explain! See> double slit experiment
Does that make any sense? thought not...it did to me ! LOL
seriously Mr Ash, you explain things at angles that are precious.
Many thanks for your lovely channel !
I really think Quantum Physics is helping bridge the gap between science and spirituality.
ps:
I was thinking all night how reality/life is just a big infinite NOW, then..... the univesre sends me these 2 vids :
-th-cam.com/video/gc_uRL9Ot4o/w-d-xo.html
-th-cam.com/video/HieL-OjL3qk/w-d-xo.html
and then...YOUR video pops up !
Sincronicity or what?
Ciao !
One of the best commentaries on this subject.
It reminds me of energy, where everything is interacting with everything and passing energy around
It better, because in high school they taught you that quanta are small amounts of... energy. ;-)
Beautiful delivery, Arvin. Hope you don’t stop any time soon. 🇺🇸
It’s inspiring to know regardless of our status, the future has many possibilities, never too late to make the “right “choices
For the Problem on the min 13:33 with the future, every Possibility is a "possible Future" ( The Key is, that YOU as Energy is to learn manipulate correctly all the remaning energy around you)
Yea you are a conscious entity so being concious does require energy
@@addajjalsonofallah6217 given the amount of anti-science nonsense that has emerged in the past year, I don't exactly believe that statement is completely true anymore.
very talented straightforward and simple Love this guy
Thank you for making a video that acknowledges some of the progress that was made in QM via decoherence. Also, Lee Smolin is a true OG of physics. Few things that could be added as to why decoherence might not solve the measurement problem fully: 1) quantum entanglement speed/rate is most definitely superluminal. 2) point 1 prevents a locally deterministic description (thus, probabilities). 3) would an access to an entire universe make quantum mechanics deterministic? it is unclear, but due to SR it could be the cause of spontaneous events (emission/absorption) in which case you have your QM/classical boundary.
5:55 to 10:35 - this part of the video is what I really needed to hear. It's hard to pin down the meaning of all the terms.
This is a summary I typed directly from watching your video. Can you tell me if I have it correct?
-- Atoms become entangled by the act of measuring. Basically, entanglement happens when atoms interact. Entanglement causes decoherence, which is when the waveform of each atom adds together and becomes jumbled. This ongoing act of atoms interacting spreads quantumness around the universe. It becomes practically impossible to keep track of which atoms are entangled, meaning which have bumped into each other and which have never touched. --
The reason my brain hurts right now is that I thought decoherence was the opposite of entanglement, and I thought the act of measuring breaks entanglement, not creates it.
Also, I have more questions if anyone would be so kind to attempt to answer:
(1) Are particles normally in a state of superposition, by default, whether or not they're entangled? Is the waveform itself the superposition?
If so, is it only when we measure them that the superposition gets resolved? Or is further interaction with atoms going to resolve an atom's state and make things classical? The problem is, **some videos talk about how atoms interacting causes entanglement, and some videos talk about how atoms interacting breaks entanglement.**
(2) Once we measure a particle and determine its spin state, causing its waveform to "collapse", is that former waveform subtracted from all other waveforms it had been entangled with? Or, rather, is it the opposite of what I'm saying -- is the particle's waveform then added to other particles' waveforms DURING/BECAUSE OF the act of measuring?
Thanks!!