There's no such thing as time (Outside of our mind anyway). There's no third party agent called time enforcing change or Entropy (Which only exists inside our mind) on to the world. When an ice cube melts, there's no such entity as time, forcing the ice cube to melt. The idea of time is in no way an empirical one. All we perceive in the world is change and never a thing called time. Time is a useful tool created by human perception for the purpose of coordination and synchronization. Those two thing are very important for social creatures like humans.
I love how Alvin says he hopes someone watching this video will come up with a new theory of time. That’s cool to think a bright mind anywhere might be able to do this! The possibilities!
My Calculus teacher told our class that d of x or delta of x from Calculus is time of x because it is the change of x. And i thought on my own, considering that, that time is either the Calculus operation derivative or integral, i think integral from what ive found in formuli,,, but time isnt directional in macro world and not arrow of time at quantum, people prescribe that something special is happening when balls "lose" energy bouncing but they just disperse it and energy is still conserved, ITS JUST that complexity arises with larger scales of events so things happen that seem to be special but are still following same orderliness as the quantum. Theres not just a mass of atomic stuff bouncing, there is also gravity absorbing and changing velocity. Change is time. But my thought on time is an integral OF SPACE is that an integral is the area bound by an origin axis, and a plot graph of a function. X and y axises with a graph. But time is the area bound by space, and space is filled and is defined by the fields that fill space or that are that have substance to measure which illustartes spatialness. And my formula that shows that gravity is ths time of time, and gravity is thusly the integral of time construct and time is the integral of space IS from gravity equals force and force equals mass times acceleration, but since acceleration is distance per time squared, one can do Calculus derivative with respect to time for mass x distance per time², and get another function or equation, what Calculus does, and it shows that the new equation is a time construct that when integrated,, the opposite of derivative,, u get gravity, then u can derive again and find what describes space(time). And there is a known formula which is that first derivative rearranged to be solved for a different aspect or variable. And the derivative of gravity is space(time) divided by quantum mechanics, and that equals, the derivative when math is done, is mass x distance x -2 per time cubed.. which shows gravity is correlated to space and mass and distance, AND that space is 3D time equivalent, and that would show how time could be viewed inversely as space dimensional. Thats bout all. I mighta forgot something. But i comment on ScienceClic English's videos and i told my scifi movienidea on doughtinator's youtube as well.
When you break it down to its fundamentals, everything in the Universe is information. Gravity, it appears, is not a force, in a field, carried by a particle, but is an emergent phenomenon caused by the fact that time advances more slowly near a massive object. In this situation, you must move downwards in order to be in an inertial frame of reference. From the surface of a massive object, this movement is not possible because the object is in the way (pauli exclusion principle). This resistance is the same as constant acceleration and we feel this as weight. Gravity is an effect, not something fundamental in the same way that there is no such thing as a centrifugal force, rather there is a centrifugal effect. Seems to me that space and time (or spacetime) are also emergent (effects) with their underlying causes emerging from information. Maybe something like this: Time: The transformation of a probability into a certaintly (knowledge). Space: The degree of quantum entanglement or propagation of information. Just wild speculation on my part but I can't escape the feeling that the only thing that is fundamental in this Universe is information and everything else is just emergent.
Agree that gravity is probably not a force with an associated boson (personal speculation as well). With your definition of emergence, wouldn't the other "fundamental forces" also not actually be fundamental either, but emergent?
This is a very interesting comment, though I challenge you to imagine this: by saying time flows slower near massive objects you aren't solving the problem of gravity that you answered to, which is how can mass have an effect like this at a distance? There is something more fundamental going on, and I understand it like this: according to the GToR, if you experience similar forces to another situation, the situations are not just equivalent but exactly the same. Therefore, if you're accelerating through space and experiencing a kind of "drag", your mass, from the higgs' field, then when you're standing on earth and also experiencing this drag you're also moving through space: space flows towards masses, and condenses infinitely at the center as it does so. This isn't at all far fetched as gravity can be described like this mathematically, and we already know space can expand infinitely. This also solves the problem with time dilation. Space flows faster closer to a mass, and slower further away. This means things on the surface of a planet move faster through space, and therefore have to move slower through time, and similarly things in the orbit move slightly slower through time, and therefore faster through space. The constant acceleration we experience on the planet is the constant discrepancy between movement through space different parts of our body experience: space flows faster through our feet, slower through our head, and we feel this as a constant force as this discrepancy never evens out. What happens when space flows towards a mass at the speed of light is a black hole!
Definitions of time as "transformation" or "change" are circular because you're already assuming some sort of time flow so that anything can evolve from state s1 at _time_ t1 to state s2 at _time_ t2. It's very hard if not impossible to imagine time as emergent given that our thought process and our models of physical reality are always based on chenge, evolution etc.
Matter is, really, densified energy. What does energy mean? A potential to cause change. What does change mean? A measurable difference between two states in time and space. How do we measure change? By comparing states of energy. What does measuring means, then? We compare two potentials to cause change in a unit of probability turning into knowledge (in a unit of time) and in a unit of the propagation of information (in a unit of space). When we get a certain value then that density of energy means it is already a unit of matter. When matter (which is, really, energy) is dense enough it makes time flow slower. Or more exactly: every material particle makes time flow slower. So, above a certain value of the difference between two potentials to cause change (thus, when energy is dense enough to make a material particle) in a unit of probability turning into knowledge (time) and in a unit of the propagation of information (space) these latter very units will change themselves. Time will slow down and space will become curved. Time might stop at very big gravity (at the event horizont of black holes). This means, then, that above a certain level of difference between two potentials to cause change the probability turning into knowledge is zero. I guess that is why everything cannot happen at the same time. Also the existence of an upper limit to the speed of light means this. And what about the notion of knowledge? Does it make sense to any other being in the world than for human beings? I guess it makes some sense for living beings (plants and animals) but they cannot really comprehend it. Can we? What is knowledge? It is a tool to help sustain homeostasis. And homeostasis means maintaining a certain degree of entropy inspite of the "natural tendency" of its increase. So, this means, then that we cannot do "anything" (according to our current knowledge about the physical world) because there is a natural limit of probabilities turning into our tool (knowledge) to maintain a homeostasis favoured by us. Well, what a surprise... In the end, thinking this all over takes us only to commonplaces. But still, it was interesting to think about things like this. And I can also see that all of these notions are invented by us as practical tools to understand and master our material world better. And which notion of them is the "most basic"? Is it really information? It might be so... But it seems to me that all of these basic notions (time, energy, information, entropy, gravity, mass, speed etc.) are defined by each other. So, after all, it is arbitrary to choose one or a few of them as "very basic" and then calling the others derived from them as only secondary or "illusory". (Someone told me that "mass does not really exist, it is just a ratio". Well...)
Easy - TH-cam Medium - Reading articles and editorials Hard - Reading the actual research papers Very Hard - Realizing you can't understand physics except through calculus and trig DARK SOULS - Believing in the many-worlds theory
PBS Space Time is highly over rated in my honest humble opinion. Honestly, in a lot of episodes he actually doesn't say much of anything... He just uses a certain vernacular and key phrases and the layman assumes it must be profound when it's really not. I know I'll catch hell for this. This internet culture has become so toxic, people think certain channels are part of their identity so anytime someone criticizes their favorite channels they take it as a personal attack. So just a disclaimer, this is my opinion. I just don't find PBS Space Time to be a good source of information. Fermilabs channel is decent, Sabine is good too, but they're both for the layman. The only difference is they dispense with the sensationalism of it all. PBS space time indulges in the sensationalism too often, taking advantage of the ignorant audience ( obvious by reading the comments most of them are there to listen to big words and have their "minds blown") and over hyping unproven ideas or misrepresenting certain fields to appear more "reality bending" than they actually are. Rarely do any of them actually do a good job of explaining whatever it is they're talking about.... Because if they did, they wouldn't get 1,000s of views thus none of that sweet ad revenue which is today's lesson boys and girls... Its always about the ratings. Always.
You can bet your sweet ass that objectivity is the first thing to be sacrificed to the algorithm God of youtube. Pleasing the algorithm = more $$. Not just from ads, but they'll feature sponsorships and their patreon too. Oh, and "merch". That's how much they care about you, they squeeze every last penny they can. And don't forget their requests to hear your opinions in the comments! They could not care any less about what you have to say, they just want to increase that sweet sweet audience engagement stat for the algorithm. PBS space time is one of the worst offenders.
Arvin you are my favourite 'gangsta' science educator. You always stay open minded and never arrogant, and always clearly explain the sides to any scientific debate, rather than taking a dogmatic position. I experience this as very respectful. Thanks for another great video.
I watch a lot of videos about physics and very few express ideas with such clarity and patience. Thank you Arvin for all you do to help people get it. In addition to quality productions you are gifted as a presenter. Well done, excellent and appreciated!
@@Mick0722MX I always thought that the purpose of videos such as this, is to make things difficult to understand, to confuse, or to mislead. The primary goal instaed, is entertainment. Looking at things in a simpler manner instead, is basically banned these days. And so they don't bother to make it clear that everything that exists is always in motion, and that this motion is exactly the same magnitude of motion of which photons of light have as they move across space. So within the 4D environment known as Space-Time, everything is always in motion, and thus all that can be changed, is the direction of travel. The Special Relativity phenomena, is the outcome of this simple ongoing motion and changing of direction overall setting. I threw some videos together to show exactly how this happens, and how to properly derive the equations, but they involve logic, not entertainment, so basically no one is interested in them.
ALL LIVING THINGS TRUMPH CARD WAS REPRODUCTION , IN A DESPERATE EFFORT AND A SUCCESFULL ONE TO CONTINUE TO EXIST IN THIS NEVER ENDING "NOW".ALL NON BIOLOGICAL THINGS JUST DECAY.
12:25 "My dream is that a someone watching this video right now, comes up with such a theory, and changes the world." Just you wait, Arvin. Just you wait.
time is gravity, gravity is time, gravity allows wavelike energy aka matter-antimatter-exoticmatter to move on it aka quantem field ez bro ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''gravity=quantem field'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Idiot debate,,,he talks as if as long as you go forward you can't end up in the past,,,,,,if that were so we would not have these things called loops,,,to the person on the loop they can't tell most of the time that they are about to end up where they started, loops are also used in electrical engineering where energy can be looped back to anywhere along it's path. The point is,,you don't have to go backwards to end up on the same path as you started so to move to the past would require you to continue forward in a loop, but I don't believe time is what they think it is, I believe most people view time as a recording that they want to rewind however I don't believe if you went to the past that it would be like that at all, time is time and not a recorder and it probably works the same whether it's going forward or backwards without any regard to what has happened or not, if fact there is no evidence that we would even perceive the difference, and there is the opinion that time is really just a concept that we humans created to keep track of our day,,so using the word time in this way may be misleading.
12:26 - I'm working on it! In the meantime. The content you provide is very helpful and appreciated. Please keep it coming. The more perspectives the better.
This explanation satiated my curiosity. I was quite discontent with entropy being equated with time. But this explanation clears it. Thank you for making this video!
Right, also with me. Now I got the impression that going back in time, if possible, you would loose all the information you have - with the result, you cannot change what happened, just repeat it.
@@billferner6741 The insight is interesting. But the conclusion, I would have thought, is the opposite - going back could change it but then instantly it is a completely new set of outcomes developing. This is the concept of new timelines, and linked to the butterfly effect.
In the 4d “block universe” model, all instances of time exist simultaneously in a sort of loaf of bread where a particular instant would be represented by a slice. We live inside the loaf and experience out 3d reality second by second but a being who could see the entire loaf at once could see our entire timeline at once.
I agree with the idea that the past is contained within the existing information of all charge and motion and that the present is just organizing the information, like a slinky moving over the slope of space. Smolin may have thought this through, but it is an assumption that the conversion from past to present adds any new information to the total information space.
@@sandeshbhandare7238 I think time is just an imaginary unit aside from 3D. time is just our invention to measure numbers and vector of movement compare to other moving things. That's why time is relative, time is just our comparison of something to the movement of atoms in an atomic clock. We also compare kinetic energy to movement of atomic clock. If the clock placed in gravity or accelerated, the clock will be slower, and so other things will be slower in the same location. That's why time is relative.
@@sandeshbhandare7238 your slice is a straight line through the loaf, and the speed you’re traveling determines the angle of your slice. That’s why there is no simultaneity in relativity. Everyone’s “now” is different because all observers can be traveling at different speeds through spacetime. Entropy is what gives our experience of time a direction. Entropy is a property of the mass-energy in our universe, I agree.
My current explanation/belief about 'time' is that it's simply a measurement of change (absolute change, local change). Because all methods of measuring time involves some means of measuring a physical object that has a changing position in 'space' (e.g., the sun, a pendulum, the resonance induced by an oscillating field). And so that would mean that 'time' cannot exist without also having a 'space' for things to move through; ergo, 'spacetime'. Further, my belief is that there's only one current moment in time (though things that happen non-locally do take their time to be communicated to other locations). And so, this present single moment is the result of all prior cause-and-effects, and also carries information forward that brings upon some new cause-and-effects (though some events can have their causes chosen, which then offers a different outcome than would have been otherwise predestined). So then, as change happens, the previous circumstances become history/information, and that historical fact cannot really be erased/reversed (though it can be forgotten). Simply stated, a bell cannot be un-rung, and so time behaves somewhat like an absolute value function. But yet, if we don't move through space, we are still moving through time. So, are we falling through time? Or, is something always moving/changing even when it doesn't look like it? And then, if something moves through space fast enough, time actually stops and it becomes as thin as zero, but not negative (to the external observer anyway, if they can measure it). Essentially, dimensionless and timeless. In between these extremes, whenever we move through space, we're effectively taking a shortcut through space & time. The faster we go, the shorter the path becomes (both in space and time). It's like seeing every movement as traveling through a wormhole, particularly when you think about those muons coming in from the upper atmosphere.
In the beginning, : Time God created the heavens : Space And the Earth : Matter *Genesis.1:1* *Hebrews.11:* 3Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. *1Corinthians.1:* 19As the Scriptures say, “I will destroy the wisdom of the wise and discard the intelligence of the intelligent.” 20So where does this leave the philosophers, the scholars, and the world’s brilliant debaters? God has made the wisdom of this world look foolish. 21Since God in his wisdom saw to it that the world would never know him through human wisdom, he has used our foolish preaching to save those who believe.
I was never interested in science, but your videos first intrigued me. Now, I'm more interested in learning about our universe and many fundamental questions about existence. Thanks Arvin 🙏🙏
I love watching your videos Arvin. They are so clear even my grand mother could understand all your explanations! Thank you so much. Regarding the reversibility of time in quantum mechanics , I think there is a possibility for the time to be a one way ticket and the diagrams to me don’t prove the symmetry. When a particule decays in two particles, we will never prove that it’s the same two particules which can transform in one same particle. They are identical but not the same! So the reaction is irreversible. Tanks for your reply Arvin. I am not a physicist, just a French amateur. Jean-Paul
Arvin, the concept of time only exists through an image….time is not a continuous linear function, it is a replay of a recorded sequence of events. Two particles that pass by each other without interaction…..a particle itself knows nothing about time. Entropy, energy, temperature are all merely model constructs that are useful engineering tools. They are not actual real things. They obscure the real physics of our universe.
It is by definition undetectable whether there is a hidden “tag” of identity in every particle that tracks if they are the “same”. Every particle in your body could be instantaneously switched with some other identical particle and every thing would just work exactly the same. Therefore this does not prove anything. When physicists say something is reversible, they only mean the physical laws don’t forbid something to happen exactly the same backwards. They don’t mean to literally get back the specific electron called “Martin” back in time.
@@MrNicePotato - All that is correct, but suppose a process thought to be one-way is observed to happen in reverse... Then _that_ is the course of events, it is simply the way things play out, not "time running backward". If sweeping the fragments of a broken vase caused it to unexpectedly reassemble in 0.85 seconds, it would still be 0.85 seconds _later,_ not earlier. Time is "forward" only by definition, irrespective of which direction a process runs.
I think your channel is the BEST. I follow multiple physics channel but you have this insane ability to explain everything so very clearly. Fantastic channel!
I really enjoy your documentaries. Of all the shows on You Tube, all though there are some close seconds. Your views are like beacons of truth to me; and I find I become enriched by your scientific revelations. A form of intellectual nourishment, and harsh facts that stir the imagination, but awesome scientific lectures.
African L B / No, you're wrong! Reversed entropy can be and it is created all the time LOCALLY, but AT the UNIVERSAL scale it is increasing continuously. For example, all bioogical organisms ( and the "artificial" ones ) on Earth are created and sustained by the reversed local entropy of the Universe.
I'm an infinite universe, however statistically unlikely, anything that could potentially happen will happen. Which is why this entropy theory is a mind fuck, or why the universe may be a closed system.
Time is a "definition" for the configuration of Existence: Present, Past, or Future. Those three are defined in terms of Entropy. And since Entropy has a tendency to increase, there is an expectation/bias that time is moving. In reality, it is always the Present, and the change in Entropy defines what we consider to be Present, Past, or Future.
The present includes the past as it projects itself into the future,which of course automatically becomes the present,physically. I see the infinite past as the force of expansion and the present is the 2-D membrane that separates the 3-D present from the 4-D future. We process a limited amount of information to define the past and present,selecting from an infinite universe of information that totally ignores entropy. We, as conscious information processors are the force that creates order in the conditional processes of entropy which are not conscious but still follow the laws of physics and the law of cause and effect. Cosmic Momentum. Time is Motion...expanding toward an imagined future or contracting into the solid past. No motion...no time.
@@danscott1126pix If time is motion, how can it pass at different rates in 2 different points? (as in any gravitational field). If you see a character in the screen of a videogame, is it really moving?, or are just pixels that turn on and off with different colors and you interpret movement?. How can time be motion and be remotely consistent with Relativity?. If it was that simple, dude
I came here to say something like this. It seems to me that time is an illusion brought about by human memory, this illusion persists because of our imagination and our language - the way we talk about time keeps the illusion alive. In reality, past and future are always *imagined* ; we 'remember' the past and we 'visualize' the future *always* in the present.
Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
@@cristianproust The velocity of NOW is infinite. Time is relative to a rate of perception. Fast or slow or even looping time depend on perception by a consciousness.
This was such an exceptional video. I feel like I almost have a handle on the concept of entropy now. Quantum future becoming classical past via the present ... adding more information, disorder, entropy to the universe. Thanks so much for this channel Arvin. You explain complex subjects amazingly well. 👍
Could it also be that the tendency towards higher entropy by 'nature' is actually the universe's unique way of maintaining order? Think for example how 'chaotic' our perceptible world would be if everything happens at the same time all the time. Entropy therefore is chaotic order.
Mr. Ash, I watched your explanation of intanglement this morning and really appreciate your descriptive approach -- you have a real gift. I then watched this video on time, I had previously studied Hans Reichenbach's treatise "The Direction of Time" and found it to be a difficult read. Your explanation was completely insync with Reichenbach's, but you avoided the arduous proofs, which I couldn't help but think were gratuitous probability theory and got in the way of his key points. Again, thank you.
Hi Arvin, your efforts here are appreciated, as you present different opinions regarding time. The most solid point after watching, was the first one..Nobody knows what time really is.. the definition you say physics offers, is in essence, time is a "process" that allows us to know in the present, what happened in the past, seems more philosophical and value based, rather than an objective definition. Another value based statement was 11.24 "'the light bulb in your home is converting useful electricity into less useful light and heat". Hmm ...Scientific speculation usually avoids like the plague, the issue of purpose. Perhaps that is because purpose is a subjective value, rather than the impersonal objectivity science aims for. But how knowledge and science is understood and utilized, IS very subjective. The light bulb which allows for heat and light (perhaps to read and study by) is utilizing electricity for a purpose, which actually gives electricity more value than just electricity without purposeful utilization. Although we know what electricity is, we don't really see electricity - we see its effects. Time is similar; we see it's effects, not time itself. What if personal utilization of time, is what gives time it's value, rather than assigning it as a "process" of drudgery, such as measuring it from point A to B, which informs us in the present, how long it took a piece of fruit to rot in the past. An objective truth is: for each person, time subjectively flows forward, from the point of one's birth, to point of one's death - and how one spends and utilizes that measure of time, helps determine it's value and importance, more so perhaps than deciding it's as causality or not, as related to quantum theory and entropy. When science postures itself as considering analytical speculation it's supreme goal - ignoring positive purpose and utilization of it's powerful discoveries - abuse of power can fill the vacuum left by absence of proper use of knowledge which yields power, and proper ethical considerations. Oppenheimer in a reflective moment after viewing the first atomic bomb detonation, quoted Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita: "Time I am, the great destroyer of worlds, and I have come to engage all people" Time is cyclic, marking beginnings, and endings. Take any point on a circle - if you move forward following the arc, you will end at the same place you started. Following the arc of time in a cycle, from birth to death, the "process" of time marks one's activities of past at the present moment of death - which simultaneously marks the starting of the new life cycle and forward arc revealing the unknown future (but influenced by the past (karma) according to Gita philosophy). Described in the philosophy of the Gita also, is the explanation that conscious energy never dies, it simply changes form. How to get free from the influence of time and the cycle of birth and death, is also discussed by OG Sri Krishna ;-) Lastly - although used and originating in a different context, a trending slogan as of late is: "Future proves past." Hmm... Food for thought on many levels. Thanks.
I like the way he explain complex scientific theories and fact by simplifying them and make them more understandable. Hence we enjoy his video and increase our scientific knowledge.
"Nobody knows what time really is" BS!!! Ask anyone if they can describe any event- past -present -or future not involving a clock of some type .The most exact measure of (event) time requires using a photon(s) NATURES FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANT.Since a photon has no mass but does have energy and momentum ,any measurment using a photon will disturb the observed objects position! Hence the Heisenberg uncertainty principle follows from my preceding discussion w/o invoking quantum mechanics i.e Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle
I am 20 years old studying EE Degree. I like your videos and i am proud to say that i understand most part of quantum physics even though I just learnt classical physics in 12th all thanks to u 🤞
Bam, that was beautiful. The observation of 'entropy' being related to and not nescessarily the cause of time; really brought the whole thing together. P.s. beautifully consice explanation of time
Then time travel to past is possible but improbable also? Yet it means the universe to time travel for the past to be ther in the first place to visit , impossible as reality ?
The heat death end of the universe made me think of Roger Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory, that the ending is in a similar low entropy state as what is thought to have existed at the beginning. Intriguing!
Three thoughts. 1: What if time does run backwards and we don't know it? Time could be switching directions all the time, and if everything runs backwards, including our thoughts and memories, then we would never know it was running backwards at all. 2: I really like the idea that increasing entropy is what defines time. 'Time', as a human word, really represents our perception of this constantly changing state of the universe. It is only because we have consciousness and memory that we can perceive the change from one state of the universe to another state a moment later, and it is only because of our intelligence that we can reconstruct what past states of the universe have been. 3. I agree with your conclusion that in the end, when all energy in the universe has been equalised (so there is no more stored potential energy anywhere, be that gravitational, electrical, heat vs cold or whatever, then there would be no more energy exchange anywhere in the universe. Then, all future states would be the same as the present state, so time would be irrelevant. So I guess my conclusion on this one is that the universe is constantly moving from one state to another, and overall entropy is increasing. But time itself, is an intelligent being's perception of this change facilitated by consciousness and memory. Time only matters because we are here to witness it. If we weren't here to witness it, what would it matter?
The eternal now is consistently updated at the speed of light. But in the end everything is light being contemplated at the speed of light. This is a calculation being continually updated 12 sextillion times per second. That is a 12 with 21 zeros behind it 12,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. When contemplating time, where you place your awareness or perspective is important. You will never be able to properly study time in the physical world because it is made possible in the nonphysical. It would be like trying to understand how a digital nature video is made possible by dissecting your computer monitor. Think of the physical world as being only a display monitor. Just as you cannot study consciousness by dissecting a human brain.
In the 'block time" theory, time runs in all directions at the same time, you can think of it as a 4th axis of space (in fact it's probably the first axis). Just like you can move through the other three axes, you are moving through the axis of time the same way. The whole structure of the universe is a multidimensional fractal that comes to life based on how you're moving through it. You can envision it like a kaleidoscope that just produces a universe as you turn it. In reality the fractal is basically just consciousness and your current experience is 'you'. It sounds like wu but it has some strong experimental evidence.
Lol. Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.
@@garytyme9384 Well, Einstein disagrees with your opinion. Hell, the satellites in orbit disagree with you. You tell the engineers that they don't have to adjust the clocks because you know how time works. Go on, tell em'... Pass those magnitudes to them, I'm sure it will work and all the satellites won't fall out of the sky... /sarcasm
Interesting, I had this thought that the reason "forward" time exists is because of the statistical impossibility of Entropy reversing to a prior state, but when you mentioned the paper where it mentioned the theory that the wave function collapsing basically "cements" passing moments and there's no way to go back and undo that collapse, that really clicked in my head for a great theory of what time really is. At the same time, I also think it's related to physical constants, because without those being "constant" life would be chaos, because "time" would be chaos.
@@mikemondano3624 lol so edgy and cryptic. Please, tell us Mike, what is this knowledge that is so dangerous that "those that do know" cannot tell us about it?
@@mchevre Let's just say that there are things about our views of ourselves, essential for modern society to exist, that are not at all as they seem. But we must keep up the illusions. And things about the universe and our perceptions of it as well. The reason the "brain in a vat" question is so difficult to answer is that we are exactly that. David Hume is a start, Mach and Kant probably knew it all. Bishop Berkeley is being rehabilitated as the only explanation of some relativistic results (without his God). "Dangerous Knowledge" of another sort was a film that hinted at it all and the suicides that were so frequent. Some neuroscientists are staying mum about what they know or suspect. Much else is ineffable.
@@mikemondano3624 Sorry Mike but that is an old saying, which has been wrong for as long as it's been around. All knowledge (on any subject) is good. The only danger is when people STOP learning more. It's your job to keep learning more every day to add to what you know about anything.
@@MegaSkills9 Knowledge caused most of the world's tragedies and still does. It isn't real. It's just an analogy for reality, and often a poorly matched one.
1) I must say that this is most amazing video on this topic i have ever watched. Kudos to your commendable efforts sir... 2) I'm not preaching but it has been taught in my religion that one day time will stop forever. Maybe this is the time when entropy of universe becomes so much high to stop the time. Thank you
Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.
Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
... and there is more: concept of Time depends on the Theory we are considering ... We sometimes omit saying that entropy is a probabilistic average of the quantity of information (like "mass of structure")... We should not worry thermic death: The Universe gets more complex (networks, vibration and resonance are key concepts to understand the quantum world) A stimulating presentation, thank you!
The animations are great, but what I keep wondering is just how precise the communications must be between Arvin and the animator for the end-result to be so accurately demonstrative. The animator must end up understanding physics better than Arvin in the end, heh.
Thanks. Yes, I have great animators on the team, that never complain about what I ask them to do. But it is a process that requires a lot of planning, storyboarding, multiple edits and revisions. I drive the team crazy because I'm never satisfied.
I like the theory of time being an ever continuing wave collapse. It seems the logical answer to time. Gravity might affect the speed of the wave collapse.
Yes, apparently time slows down the closer you are to earth, or a source of gravity. See The Science Asylum video on the subject. "The REAL source of Gravity may SURPRISE you" th-cam.com/video/F5PfjsPdBzg/w-d-xo.html
Gravity doesn't actually exist in the way we think it does, also the wave that is collapsing is a wave of probability, I can't see that being affected by 'gravity' per se.
Great video - Arvin provides one of the best breakdowns of all of the possibilities that time could be. I heavily lean toward time just being emergent from the playing out of physical laws (entropy, etc...). I think it is as simple as that. Therefore it doesn't make sense to me to think time will run backwards. That would mean that physical laws would alter themselves in a non-sensical way for the sake of time running in the opposite direction. But that is highly unlikely since forward time really plays no role in the real physical laws that we see - forward time is just the playing out of those events while the laws themselves remain consistent and are the driving force every step of the way. One of the keys to expanding our understanding is a deep analysis of time dilation. Because only through understanding why clocks can run faster or slower will we be able to understand what makes them run to begin with. Having said that - all of the time dilation evidence we have so far (muon half-lives, GPS clocks, etc...) seems to point at the fact that each atom is its own personal clock which can be sped up or slowed down based on a change in its local environment. That is consistent with time being emergent from the playing out of repeating fundamental behaviors on the atomic/sub atomic level.
Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
What’s brilliant about this video is it’s simplicity in explaining the very complex scientific principles of time and entropy.You are a great communicator Arvin.
I love your videos, always inspire thought! So saying “the past is classical and the future is quantum” seems the same as measuring a quantum particle - they’re all probabilities until they’re measured (observed), at which point they collapse into a classical state. So the quantum future collapses into a classical past when observed via the present.
My thoughts were something like "Presents is that moment when particles leave their superposition threw observation" Bad english, sorry. It isnt my native language. I hope you get what I mean :D
Quantum... lol. Quantum or quanta = quantity. Quantum does not exist singularly, collectively, or in consubstantiality. Quantum is a related term of quantity. As a noun quantum is quantity i.e., a fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denomination. Also, Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.
"Time" is the perception of the sequence of events. Particle A hits particle B. B is deflected and hits particle C. Two distinguishable events happened for B, one was "first", the other one "after the first" -> time has passed. If we reverse the velocity vectors of these particles, then everything happens in reverse order: C hits B and then B hits A. But even now, the hit-events for B happened in a sequencial (albeit reversed) order: time has passed. You can reverse the order of events, but still, one happens before the other and one happens after the other. Time is just the destinction between "before" and "after. It is just an mental interpretation or concept when we observe the increasing entropy. It is no physical concept on it's own. The time component of "spacetime" is then also a bit misleading. Time is rather an emergent feature of entropy - and entropy requires space to happen (to allow energy gradients which are needed to make anything, including entropy, happen). Sorry if I am talking gibberish here - I am an absolute layman - but I find all this very fascinating!
I agree. Arvin provides one of the best breakdowns of all of the possibilities that time could be. I heavily lean toward time just being emergent from the playing out of physical laws (entropy, etc...). I think it is as simple as that. Therefore it doesn't make sense to me to think time will run backwards. That would mean that physical laws would alter themselves in a non-sensical way for the sake of time running in the opposite direction. But that is highly unlikely since forward time really plays no role in the real physical laws that we see - forward time is just the playing out of those events while the laws themselves remain consistent and are the driving force every step of the way. One of the keys to expanding our understanding is a deep analysis of time dilation. Because only through understanding why clocks can run faster or slower will we be able to understand what makes them run to begin with. Having said that - all of the time dilation evidence we have so far (muon half-lives, GPS clocks, etc...) seems to point at the fact that each atom is its own personal clock which can be sped up or slowed down based on a change in its local environment. That is consistent with time being emergent from the playing out of repeating fundamental behaviors on the atomic/sub atomic level.
If time wasn't relative, this would seem like the complete picture. But the fact that time is indeed relative and entwined with space itself, changes the game.
I love this channel. Btw Roger Penrose already has a theory on why the heat death/big freeze is fundamentally indistinguishable from the conditions of the Big Bang (thermal equilibrium).
Roger says the 2nd law is thereby "transcended" at a new big bang, rather than being violated, which I like. It's almost as if the recording of information, or lack thereof, is the unspoken, implicit precondition of the 2nd law. The whole 'but outside the refrigerator', 'in the bigger picture' 'entropy is always increasing' notion has always seemed to me sort of an artificial imposition we put on reality rather than something intrinsic to it. We chose to and had the ability to step outside the fridge.
@@erawanpencil At some point the universe just "forgets" (to use Penrose's term) that it has reached maximum entropy. At that point, it can't remember the difference between its current state and minimum entropy, because both states are in thermal equilibrium and essentially the same. Hence default reset to Big Bang.
Arvin Ash is an absolute genius. Best explanation of time ever. The reason Newton's laws of motion work at all is because they describe what happens after the collapse of the wave function. Stated another way, Newton's laws describe the position of a particle accurately only when the probability wave function is tightly squeezed together, i.e. with little variation. Where Newton's laws fall apart is when the probability function flattens out, so the probability function is now spread out and not as well defined, for example where there are competing gravitational fields. And that is why Newton's laws predict the future in some systems pretty well, but fail in other instances. Time has nothing to do with it. The probability function is everything.
This video, the comments, and a few previous discussions about time and entropy have led me, just now, to finally understand the position that time is strictly a human construct. In fact, entropy is simply increasing because it has to, and we build and wind clocks so that we have something to plot that process against. Huh. Now to figure out how to control entropy. I suppose the best we can hope for is to stop it locally and start up again after everybody else's entropy has increased...thereby travelling forward in "time" from my perspective. But then....wouldn't I have travelled backwards in time from their perspective? Gonna sleep on that.
@@jaspwetering2528 how are you gonna stop it locally? Meaning freezing your self in a chamber so as to halt the biological processes? Even then I think the increase of entropy would offset any local decrease. You would need energy to do it? And if it is a mental contruct, then that means that animals don't have a concept of time at all? They live in an eternal present? That seems farfetched as it seems they have memories and without time there wouldn't be any memory, every slice of now would be fresh and never repeating. Whether you have a mind to perceive it, entropy is constantly increasing for billions of years and will continue to do so. Even if someone remains forever young, it is never thought as they are going backwards in time, but rather stoping it ( in works of fiction etc). It's a puzzle that bends the brain for sure
Hi Arvin. Great video as always. It would be helpful, perhaps in another video, to stress the difference between the thermodynamical entropy dS= deltaQ/T (Q being heat, T the temperature and delta the inexact differential operator, d the exact differential) and informational entropy as the mean value of self-information on a sample space. These two entropies are indeed connected but they are not identical.
💥 OK. So you hear all the "time" (lol) that nobody knows what time is or whatever...But after listening to this very articulate gentleman I feel that maybe we do! That actually made the most sense ive seen so far. Well done sir, very nice 👌, OH, and I finally understand wtf entropy is. Thank you. I dont know why it took till I was 44 years old to have someone easily explain that shlt. The Universe thanks you, much appreciated. .💥 Although I feel we are ALL in for a suprise coming in the near future. Reality bout to be like that Talyor Swift song, shake shake shake shake it lol.
Extremely compelling and informative video Arvin. I am not easy to please. Well done! I'm watching, thinking, and considering what we can do with time. Interestingly, is even the effort to study time, write papers about it, do videos is contributing to entropy? If all our energy is put into this, then we are in a death race to figure out how to bring lower entropy before too much information takes us to a state of such high entropy that it is statistically impossible to win the race. The more we race, the faster we lose. We need to side step this. Run the race from both ends, at the microcosm or macrocosm at the same time. Trap time. It's seemingly elastic (via mass). Mass can be applied to ultimately un-randomize other mass through distortion of time (measured as gravity). Perhaps a relatively low amount of energy can be used to create mass from a common medium, such as light, thus creating protonic mass, and artificially start attraction of non-photonic mass and thus reduce entropies. Since nothing is lost in this universe forever, then in theory entropies should be reducible... before it's too late for us lowly carbon lifeforms to do so. Also, aren't black holes already reducing entropy? Am I mixing my metaphors?
I like the "crystal in a snowstorm" model, where the 3D universe is the growing edge of a 4D torus, and the Planck snowstorm "outside" is all pre-time. Time's "direction" is the surface normal, and is always one "bit" per "layer", ie. C. Standard model particles would be flaws in the lattice with the corresponding 4D symmetries and with convergent patterns to make mass. Other flaws would be filled in, creating divergence and effecting the expansion of the torus (Dark energy). The now-front may be fuzzy, with non-locked bits still free in pre-time until they get fully locked into now...this could explain some QM weirdness? I guess I'm fixed on a visual metaphor, and am probably way off, but it's fun! Finding the right lattice rules, and a way to map the result back to our current math framework is a challenge...and a bucket-load of compute cycles and memory.
Nope. Nothing would happen without time cause physics depend on it in order for "events" to happen. "Once" doesn't even make sense when `time` is the argument. The quote is misleading.
@@senpaixd1346 wrong, sorry to bust your bubble Senpai but the 'future' is fantasy, the past is what we've experienced and the present is what we're experiencing while we're discussing the former and latter.
You have the gift of making the incomprehensible simple. I am eternally (if there is such a thing!) astonished at your ability to explain the intricacies of physics both classical & quantum, to someone like me, who has so little background but so much fascination. After every one of your videos, I can think, "I get it!'
Time is simply the pace of movement through space. Time is an integral part of space, and is relative to speed. Past, present and future always exist. For us, the arrow and pace of time are also a product of our own minds and our physiology. We simply have no ability to see the other facets of time because we live on a specific, narrow timeline.
Burnt Norton by T.S.Eliot, autumn 1935 I Time present and time past Are both perhaps present in time future And time future contained in time past. If all time is eternally present All time is unredeemable. What might have been is an abstraction Remaining a perpetual possibility Only in a world of speculation. What might have been and what has been Point to one end, which is always present. Footfalls echo in the memory Down the passage which we did not take Towards the door we never opened Into the rose-garden. My words echo Thus, in your mind….
My biggest realization was that time and space have the exact same relationship/symetry as kinetic and potential energy. It's like a spatial dimension we move through at the speed of light and we tap into that potential speed to gain normal movement through space by sacrificing a bit of our speed through time.
@@hermes_logios So, when I lift an object up a slope by inserting kinetic energy to it does the energy vanish into the ether and when I let the object go it conjures it back from the void?
@@hermes_logios I never said it was a force so, kinda random to mention. But, if gravity is a quantum effect then it's a force. If it's not, then it's just the geometry of spacetime.
Time and gravity are two big mysteries. On gravity I like to think it's similar to behaviour in, say, a beetle. Looking at the atoms in a beetle will not give you the behaviour of a beetle, you need a whole beetle before behaviour emerges. Similarly you need a whole universe for gravity to emerge and if this is correct then there is no point in trying to find gravity in sub atomic or quantum particles. Maybe this is why quantum gravity is proving to be such a tough nut to crack. My understanding (before this excellent video) that time is simply the change of one part of the universe with respect to another part of the universe. In other words it's not something in itself, something that you can do experiments on even though every experiment involves time. Thank you Arvin for adding to my wonderful journey through our amazing universe.
Correct me if I'm wrong but I always thought gravity could be explained through string theory like how objects in space with larger masses had longer and stronger lines drawing other objects to it on an +3D virtual grid (the known Universe). Time on the other hand relies on relative speed which is why traveling at speeds close to the speed of light can slow down time dilation.
Wrong comparison because behaviour of the beetle emerges at the level of genes, which influence their environment, producing phenotypic effects, which only at the level of the organism (so a loooooooooong way down the chain of influences) produces the "behaviour" which you are seeking. But everything the beetle does is determined genetically. That's why everything we know of can be quantized to the smallest of things or at least it has any connection with them. Better comparison would be some some unique characteristics of whole biomes or ecosystems, which cannot be simply reduced to the organisms living in it, nor to the genes governing them. If there are such characteristics, then it's more like gravity. But also, this is biology, not physics, so it may have different properties :)
Questions: Since time slows under the influence of gravity, is there a baseline or "absolute" time (similar to absolute zero) which would be the speed of time in the complete absence of gravity? If so, what is that speed? Also, could time move backward in the presence of anti-gravity?
@@anjankrishna9775 No. It may be linked and have it's place within relativity but it's not responsible for gravity. Time is just how we experience cause and effect... Gravity is how mass warps spacetime. This video obscenely adds confusion to the simplicity of what time is. We've known this since we gained a rough understanding of the speed of light.
And no time doesn't slow under the influence of gravity... It appears to slow to an outside observer, but whatever caused the gravity well experiences time at one second per second.
The best explanation I ever heard is that time is simply _movement_ _through_ _space_ . Think about it. The only way we can measure time is via movement, be it the hands on a clock, the passage of the sun through the sky, etc. It's why whenever they stop time in movies, everything freezes in place. Because without movement time is totally irrelevant since nothing changes and one moment is identical to the next. That's why it's inextricably linked to 3D space and physicists lump it together into 4D "spacetime".
Enjoyed this very much, have a couple of comments. The watch placed in the refrigerator would not slow down because watches and clocks do not actually measure time. They display the number of vibrations of a cesium atom, or the flow of current, or even the slow release of spring tension. These are devices we use to cooperate with time or organize events, but they don't measure time. Until time is defined it can't really be measured. As far as the refrigerator removing entropy and slowing time, I think you may actually have something there. I can place an apple on the counter and one in the refrigerator, and eventually the same thing will happen to both, they will rot. The one in the refrigerator, however, will take a lot more time to do so. Is the slowing of the molecules because of the heat reduction actually affecting the time? Isn't this what we use this appliance for? Worth thinking about.... :)
and me Alex. Maybe the apple example can be explained by position (time) theory? i.e. Apple 1 is exposed to full-on exposure to bacteria and apple 2 is not so much. Well got to go, after all time marches on. LOL
slowing the molecules would mean that it would take longer for them to complete their movements. The longer it takes, the longer it takes for the apple to rot.
I love thinking about things like you brought up at the end. For time to freeze like this, I think it would have to happen by the proton completely decaying. Pretty much everything being gone. This thought did bother me, it is depressing to think about! So I try to think that it could be a lot crazier then that! That when you have this perfect entropy, that while time would stop, so too would also things like scale, temperature, anything that could be measured. So that the second that time stops, you have another singularity. It wouldn't be hot, but it also wouldn't be cold either. It wouldn't be measurable.
I've thought the same, and I would like to add another idea of mine ^^ Since nothing exist anymore, neither does the scale of anything. This massive void that used to be our universe, could fit in the needle of an eye, or an atom - since there is nothing to compare to. And the slightest act of entropy in this space could act like a.... big bang. Maybe this is what happened to our universe at the start. It exploded from the "small" space of a former universe.
Time is the expansion of the Universe... As spacetime expands in all directions from every point, the stretching and movement of space Makes time flow forward. Time is expanding, it's not a straight line.
@@Justin73791 misleading, better experiment would have been to put yourself inside the fridge and observe how time flows in that closed system? Do clocks run if they are not observers? Do dead people check their watches to see if time has passed? And if yes, what do they observe?
This explanation makes the idea of a multiverse so much more understandable. The possibilities are all there at the quantum level. But we only see the one chosen in our timeline.
To my mind, videos on time like this one miss the most basic part of it all. It's not "why does time always flow forward?" It's "why do things change at all?" Why does change exist? What is the mechanism for change to occur? Is the Universe like a film, with each moment a frame based on the physics of the previous moment? I would conjecture that at some level, as time passes, as changes occur, we are progressing through 'frames' of some sort, perhaps each 'frame" a different and new Universe entirely. So then a perhaps infinite series of consecutive universes, each based in the physics and entropy of the previous 'frame.'
Proverbs 8 22 The LORD created me at the beginning of his work, the first of his acts of old. 23 Ages ago I was set up, at the first, before the beginning of the earth. 24 When there were no depths I was brought forth, when there were no springs abounding with water. 25 Before the mountains had been shaped, before the hills, I was brought forth; 26 before he had made the earth with its fields, or the first of the dust of the world. 27 When he established the heavens, I was there, when he drew a circle on the face of the deep, 28 when he made firm the skies above, when he established the fountains of the deep, 29 when he assigned to the sea its limit, so that the waters might not transgress his command, when he marked out the foundations of the earth, 30 then I was beside him, like a master workman; and I was daily his delight, rejoicing before him always,
Very interesting subject (and video): The arrow of time and its relation with entropy, and also the other topic about quantum vs classical. A few years ago, I heard Freeman Dyson hypothesizing that the past is definite and, so, classical ( if there are records of quantum measurements outcomes), but the future is yet indefinite and, so, "quantum", and that intuition seemed to me strikingly impressive back then. Lee Smolin elaborates on these ideas ( and he explicitly refers to these older ideas from Heisenberg, Dyson and others) and connects these with his own ideas about the fundamental nature of time. There are also similar ideas ( about irreversibility) in some "Objective Reduction (collapse)" theories that are modifications of standard QM. These alternative theories are testable, so in a few years we will, maybe, know more...
@@ab8jeh Not everything, no. But without this foundation, you will find yourself listening to nonsense like this video and not understanding Einstein or any future scientific work. The foundation of 20th century physics is logical positivism, this is the founding philosophy that allowed the ideas to get straightened out. Once you understand the theory of meaning, you stop asking nonsense questions. I remember once when someone named "Abian" wrote an equation "1/t + 1/log(M) = 1 abian", expressing the 'obvious' fact that the universe's mass must be decreasing because "it takes energy to push time forward". Oh, it doesn't? Why not?
If Smolin's paper is correct, then why is the Many Worlds interpretation of Quantum Mechanics consistent? In the Many Worlds interpretation, wave functions do not collapse. I also see the idea of interference between histories as being inconsistent with the idea of the past being classical. Consider Schrodinger's cat, when the box is still unopened. If the past is strictly classical, then how can the box presently be in a superposition of states?
@@OnlyPenguian If Smolin's ideas ( or other alternatives like Penrose's or GRW " Objective / Physical collapse " theories ) are correct about the distinction between past and future ( and the definitive nature of quantum measurements' outcomes ), then the Many Worlds interpretation is on the wrong side, because, as you said, in MWI there is no physical collapse of the wavefunction, only branching of worlds when decoherence occurs. It is still an open question which is the correct way of thinking about quantum mechanics. By the way, the splitting of the worlds in MWI happens ( in Schrödinger's cat scenario) before an observer opens the box, because environmental decoherence happens very quickly for macroscopic systems. In the case of the " Objective reduction" theories, the collapse of the wavefunction happens, also , very quickly, so we have only one definitive outcome.
What a great video! I've been abnormally obsessed with the Big Questions and consuming everything I can find about them since Sagan's Cosmos jostled me when I was around 8. Nearly 50 years later I rarely come across something I've never heard before but Arvin dropped some huge eye openers here. How am I only just now hearing of him?? Feeling inspired now to double my efforts toward that new theory 🤣 Liked and subscribed.
Great video Arvin, but none of this explains time. Because now, we have to explain "why does the universe go from Quantum to Classical?" Or "why does information increase?" It's all just a wordplay...we still have zero idea why things go one way, and it's likely that we will never know, since we are contained within the system. Still, great video, and obviously I don't expect you to explain time (that would be the single greatest achievement in human history)
Hello, my friend, your assumption that we will never know what Time is, is not correct. There is an explanation of Time in my book - "Theory of Everything in Physics and The Universe"
@@valentinmalinov8424 ok Valentin. Pardon me for being critical, but I highly doubt you've solved time. Maybe post an excerpt in this comment section and we can go from there.
Why does the universe go from quantum to classical, and why does information increase? The million dollar question(s)! Kind of like the old chestnut: “what causes the wave function to collapse”? I believe there is a parsimonious explanation, a most likely culprit, but as the supercomputer, Deep Thought, said in The Hitchhiker‘s Guide to the Galaxy concerning the answer to life, the universe, and everything - “you’re not going to like it”. (I am of course referring to consciousness, or mind - which also happen to be information processors and storage devices.) Just some food for thought.
I’ve watched quite a number of interviews of people that have had near death experiences and they all say that time does not exist on the ‘other side’. I’ve been trying to figure out why and this video offers a possible explanation. If entropy causes time then the reason there is no time on the other side is because there is no entropy, I.e. no second law of thermodynamics. Nothing decays. Disorder can’t exist. Everything is in perfect order. The material world was designed to include entropy, therefore time. I know this is outside of orthodox physics, but I think it’s a possibility.
Problem is Bill, nothing in our universe can break the second law of thermodynamics. If we assume that there's life after death, and in this place there is no entropy, then the only logical conclusion that I can think is that this place is not in our universe. If a person believes that God created everything...well he created the second law of thermodynamics too and made it universal.
Loved how you explain things!! obviously there was a time on this planet where we did not exist and time progressed until we did exist so I think if we were not here it would continue to progress. Thanks again thanks for what you do!
Time existed before the universe and it will exist long after the last atom fizzles out of existence. Time is not a thing. It is a unit of measurement. It can no more be created or destroyed than the concept of the number zero. We name these concepts in our various languages and attempt to define them but they were always there and always will be.
Food for thought : If I keep a watch correctly inside a refrigerator, it will stop, in 2 ways. One if it's correctly cooled, the chaos (a spring or battery) will eventually stop functioning. 2.it will be cut off from external supply of energy (battery change, charging, winding) will stop.
True. At the instant of the big bang, everything did happen at once and in the same place. Space-time started during the inflationary stage and ever since, things have become too far apart to influence each other.
@@BritishBeachcomber I think the point is that everything does happen at once... The whole program in every possible variation exists. Time is what emerges within the computation and is just as much an illusion as the infinite mathematical space that contains it
Please, read my comments on this video on Hawthorne Hill Nature Preserve comment or just look up other comments on this channel, and my comments on ScienceClic English's channel and on channel Doughtinator 's vid f1 red bull vs rc car. Very cool. It is amazing. I solved this stuff and created scifi movie idea, Psy V Cy aka psychics vs cyborgs.
Hello Arvin, your videos are always amazing. I have one doubt, that you said that there is 0 possibility of getting all red atoms at one side and all blue atoms at another side, but if we only take one red atom and only one blue atom, so there is possibility of getting one blue atom at one side and one red atom at another side, so can we say that only entropy can be reversed?? Please clear my doubt.
Wouldn’t entropy be unchanged in this case? The positions of the atoms change, but the system can still be described with the same amount of information.
Time seems to exist even outside of our obervations. Time predates us, and it seems to keep going forward after we leave. And time bends and stretches with energy and mass, so I don't seem to be able to connect observation with it when it behaves so independently of us.
wow, this is a new way for me to see time. Would combining this with the holographic principle make sence? The surface of the universe and so it's volume increases, resulting in the expanding universe, because there needs to be more for the information to be stored?
Yes, I currently think that the holographic principle and the arrow of time may well be related. (I commented on a previous video of Arvin’s saying that I believe that the passage of time arises alongside the creation of information, and, after not checking back for a few weeks, I now see he’s done a video on it. I can’t remember the name of the original video where I posted my comments, so I’ll mention it or link to it here later after I’ve found it). The expansion of space with the passage of time could be related to the amount of entropy/information stored on the surface area of a black hole, which grows in size with increasing entropy. Nice catch!
Speaking of entropy, I've never heard a convincing explanation as to how a universe that is always moving towards higher entropy (chaos/disorder) would be capable of spontaneously creating us highly ordered, sapient organisms. Life seems to defy this rule, no?
Thank you Joseph! - I am glad it's not just me. According to the model, the universe began as a totally unstructured soup of quarks and radiation - there is no higher entropy imaginable than that. The formation of the first nuclei meant a massive decrease in entropy. Life seems to defy this rule, as you say, but bear in mind that all life must eat. It turns other, highly ordered life into - well - something much less ordered. So overall, entropy grows if you "zoom out" a little and look at you and your food together. No one denies you can make things tidy by investing some energy. It is the energy from the food which keeps your body going. The same can not be said about the very early universe. There is no "outside" that could get more disorderly while the first atomic nuclei form. There is no energy that could be extracted from anything (like your body extracting energy from food), as the energy was just "useless" radiation Thus, as the universe began in a state of maximum entropy (the "gluon soup" as it is even called in the standard model) it could never have produced atoms, let alone stars.
From my pov, we are a form of the chaos and disorder of physics. It's a biological illusion that our actions are separate from nature of the world. Clouds can be look like a cat, nuclear explosions can look like mushrooms, and the chaotic interaction of particles and energy can look like life pondering itself. Have you ever seen the videos of vibrating sand making shapes? Sorta like that. Everything, including us, is the weird pattern shapes, a natural result of the rules that, with the addition of consciousness (itself a pattern), we can conceive it as something different or separate from a natural result of the rules. But really it's just the universe happening and at certain angles of where it happens we have cool little patterns of happenings that we call stars, planets, light, rocks, and ourselves.
Time is motion regardless of the direction of entropy. Time is the momentum of the universe. In order to reverse time, you would have to separate yourself from that momentum and un-motion everything outside your bubble. Think of it like watching a movie. Stoping the movie would be stopping time, a total lack of motion. In order to reverse time, you would reverse the movie (un-motion). But that’s just the way I see it.
@@UmVtCg Freezing does not stop motion; it only slows down movement. I’m defining “un-motion” as a complete reversal of all movement in all particles. As in, going from its completed state to its beginning state. Everything nearby would also need to follow the same flow or detonate due to the impact of particles still following the forward flow of time.
Very interesting video. I wonder if there are any immaterialist theories about time out there. Or perhaps a theory that absolutely every possibility within the dimension of time, exists in an infinite quantity of "universes."
Fractals could be a really good description of time. And many other aspects of reality as well as things found in nature. It's possible that time is fractal in behavior because it follows patterns broken down into smaller versions of itself. For instance, we are able to break it down into smaller and smaller units of Time for instance an hour is 60 minutes, a minute is 60 seconds, etc. It's a weird thing to describe as fractal because it can't be seen physically but it's felt and monitored. Other aspects would be how motion in time is just like a video. Frames of time one after the other, making one collective flow of universal actions & occurrences, and those actions/occurrences collectively become smooth dynamic motions of time as we experience it in a linear way. Our behaviors are fractal in nature, we pick up habits and then those habits become regular patterns in our lives, we got to the same locations at the same times (work/hobbies/business, etc) it may be a little different each time but the occurrences are usually the same. You follow the same behaviors. Consciousness could also be fractal, we naturally interpret fractals in nature and that could be why we find them so fascinating. We have physical structures within us that are fractal. For instance, in the lungs, nerve branches, blood vessel branches, our heartbeat is fractal. It beats so many times in a given amount of time 1 minute for instance but follows the same sequences and beat delay patterns. The only time our heart doesn't beat in a fractal way is when there is an issue with it. For instance irregular heartbeats, cardiac arrest, etc. It might sound bizarre but think into it a bit it kinda makes a lot of sense
Please follow the math very carefully!!!! And try out the ventruvian man formula yourself at the end!!! They say the Mayan long count is 5200 years or 1,872,000 days but is actually 7200 years or 2,592,000 days. When we subtract the two we have 2000 years or 720,000 days. 72 is the number of completion. They started time over at 5200 years which was the year 0 AD. The last 2000 years they put on a special deceptive calendar to confuse mankind and the times of the end. They claim we run a gregorian calendar but when we do the math of 60 minutes per hour at 24 hours a day we get 1,440 minutes per day, 10,080 minutes per week and at 52 weeks we get 524,160 minutes. The solar cycle is exactly 360 days. With lunar cycles every 30 days exactly. 360 is a complete circle and a complete cycle. At 80 minutes per hour with an 18 hour clock day we also get 1,440 minutes per day, same as the gregorian calendar. But at 5 day weeks we get 7,200 minutes per week, and with a 72 week year we get 518,400 minutes. Take the 524,160 minutes from current time calendar minus the 518,400 minutes from the real solar cycle calendar of 360, exactly, we have 5,760 minutes added every year based on the currently ran calendar, which is 72 hours extra added every year. So 72 hours added every year for 2000 years is 144,000 hours or 8,000 days extra at the real solar cycle of 360 days and 80 minute 18 hour days.. However it is an additional 88 days for the 22 years we are currently about to be in 2022 AD. Which is 8,088 days. When we take 8,088 days and subtract 7200 days ( which is 20 years) we have 888 days left. Then subtract 720 days (which is the 2 years) we have 168 days left. Take 168 days (still on true solar cycle of 18 hour 80 minute days, 5 day week, 72 week year) and multiple by 18 hours to get 3024 hours. Divide by 24 hours (because we need to figure the days on current ran calendar) we get 126 days. Now we also must subtract 24 hours or a day from 1/3 of a year passed from the extra time added. Leaving 125 days. So 125 days from January 1st 2022AD is May 5th, 2022AD......which is also the true year 2000, the true y2k. The true end of the Mayan long count and the world. And if you take the vatruvian man's 72/27 and apply it to every 15 degrees you will move up 40 numbers every time. 15 degrees x72 ÷ 27 = 40 30 x72 ÷ 27 = 80 45 x72 ÷27 =120 60 x72 ÷27 =160 75 x72 ÷27= 200 90 x72 ÷27= 240 105 x72 ÷27= 300 2700 x72 ÷27=7200 Etc all the way up The collatz conjecture is 3x+1÷2 and goes hand in hand with 27/72 vetruvian man. It shows steps for doubling each angle also. Example... 15 degrees takes 17 collatz steps to get to 1, to the 4,2,1 loop. Each angle of degree that you double you just add one step. 60 degrees 18 steps. 120 degrees 19 steps, etc. This holds true for each sequence. It ties in with vetruvian man. If you start at 15 degrees and add 30 degrees each time starting a new column where the number can be doubled all the way up without any other number on that line. Example... 15/30/60/120/240/480 45/90/180/360/720/1440 75/150/300/600/1200/2400 105/210/420/840/1680/3360 40 also happens to go into 1440 minutes (our daily minutes)36 times, which are how many time segments fit into 1440 minutes per day, as follows... Also there are 36 different segments of time in the 1440 min per day. 1 hour @1440 min 2 hours @720 min 3 hours@480 min 4 hours@360 min 5 hours@288 min 6 hours@240 min 8 hours@180 min 9 hours@160 min 10 hours@144 min 12 hours@120 min 15 hours@96 min 16 hours@90 min 18 hours@80 min 20 hours@72 min 24 hours@60 min 30 hours@48 min 32 hours@45 min 36 hours@40 min 40 hours@36 min 45 hours@32 min 48 hours@30 min 60 hours@24 min 72 hours@20 min 80 hours@18 min 90 hours@16 min 96 hours@15 min 120 hours@12 min 144 hours@10 min 160 hours@9 min 180 hours@8 min 240 hours@6 min 288 hours@5 min 360 hours@4 min 480 hours@3 min 720 hours@2 min 1440 hours@1 min These are the different ran clocks all on the same "master clock" so each world has 1440 minutes per day. This proves a building block of life and creationism (God). When it's shown on a directed graph it even looks like the tree of life.. 1 minute=60 seconds 1 hour= 60 minutes or 3600 seconds 1 day=24 hours, 1440 min, or 86,400 sec 1 week=5 days, 120 hrs, 7200 min, 432,000 seconds 1 month=6 weeks, 30 days, 720 hours, 43,200 min, or 2,592,000 sec 1 year=12 months, 72 weeks, 360 days, 8640 hours, 518,000 minutes, 31,104,000 seconds 1 divine year=360 years, 4320 months, 25920 weeks, 129,600 days, 3,110,400 hrs -1 Decan (Tetrahedron degrees720)= 2 divine years, 720 years, 8640 months, 51,840 weeks, 259,000 days -2 Decan(Octahedron 1140degrees)= 4 divine years, 1440 years, 17,280 months, 103,680 weeks, 518,000 days -3 Decans(Hexahedron 2160degrees)=6 divine years, 2160 years -Saros Cycle(Icosohedron 3600degrees)= 10 divine years, 3600 years -3 Platonic Months(Dodecahedron 6480 degrees)=18 divine years, 6480 years -6 Platonic Months=36 divine years, 12960 years -12 Platonic Months=72 divine years or 25,920 years ( 1 Great Year) (1%)Sandhya=100 divine years or 36,000 years (8%)kali= 1000 divine years or 360,000 years (1%)Sandhyamsa=100 divine years Total= (10%) 1200 divine years or 432,000 years (2%)Sandhya= 200 divine years or 72,000 years (16%)DWAPARA= 2000 divine years or 720,000 years (2%)Sandhyamsa= 200 divine years or 72,000 years Total= (20%) 2400 divine years or 864,000 years (3%) Sandhya= 300 divine years or 108,000 years (24%) TRETA= 3,000 divine years or 1,080,000 years (3%)Sandhyamsa= 300 divine years or 108,000 years Total= (30%) 3600 divine years or 1,296,000 years (4%)Sandhya= 400 divine years or 144,000 years (32%)SATYA= 4,000 divine years or 1,440,000 years (4%)Sandhyamsa= 400 divine years or 144,000 years Total=(40%) 4,800 divine years or 1,728,000 years Grand total= 12,000 divine years or 4,320,000 years. 4,320,000 seconds= 72,000 min 4,320,000 minutes= 72,000 hours 4,320,000 hours= 180,000 days 4,320,000 days= 864,000 weeks 4,320,000 days= 144,000 months 4,320,000 weeks= 720,000 months 4,320,000 weeks= 60,000 years 4,320,000 months= 360,000 years 4,320,000 years= 12,000 divine years 2,592,000 sec= 43,200 min 2,592,000 min= 43,200 hours 2,592,000 hours= 108,000 days 2,592,000 days= 518,400 weeks 2,592,000 days= 86,400 months 2,592,000 weeks= 432,000 months 2,592,000 months= 216,000 years 2,592,000 years= 7,200 divine years 2,592,000 years= 1,000 Great Years The list goes on and on for the number sequencing and times/degrees of angles. Not to mention nearly every single is divisible by 72, 27, and 12. I hope someone got something out of this. Have a great day guys.
Gravity does not directly affect entropy. But gravity could affect it indirectly, for example if a falling body through the air increases temperature due to friction, this could increase entropy.
@@ArvinAsh as the general reletivity says that that time gets slower closer to gravitational pull...so does the entropy also gets slower closer to gravitational pull
@@darenmiller2218 yeah bro that's why quantum gravity will forever be solved on a classified level and simultaneously always be unsolved on a commercial level. As much power is wielded by this understanding to those who host such. They can literally manipulate any point of time and nobody would ever know.
Is time really mysterious and undefined? Isn't it just a measurement comparing rates of change, or can be considered a dimension akin to the spatial three? The interesting question would seem to be - why do we experience it sequentially? To say that the present we live in is where the probabilistic future becomes the known past seems to say nothing that is not obvious.
What I got out of the video is that the answer to the question of why we experience time sequentially, is because we are made of matter and energy and are subjected to the same principles of entropy as the rest of the universe. Our perception of time and space is also affected by entropy, because our perception is derived from a mind/brain that is entropic. I guess my interpretation means that the past doesn't exist. It's a concept that exists purely in a figurative sense due to our remarkable ability to store information in our brains that allow us to remember what previous "presents" were like, and despite any advanced in technology or physics, we would never be able to reverse the progression of entropy, as doing so would require at least slightly more energy then exists in the entire universe.
@@KrossFire330 I have heard that we can only remember the past, not the future, due to the increase of entropy. This seems quite understandable but does it necessarily follow that we must experience time sequentially? I'm not sure what you mean by the past not existing. How do you define existence?
why do we experience it sequentially ? Because we only tune it to the signals that support our concept of time. We are programed to see things that way. We all share a common view of reality. Science fiction writers have tried to tell us this through imaginary inventions like the time machine. They are trying to tell us that it is all happening at once
Yes! Thank you. Clocks are just physical mechanisms whose changes we use as a reference to gauge other changes. Even the NIST time std cesium clock is just a natural oscillating instrument that provides more precision to the comparison of physical changes. Its “reference“ started with planetary ephemerides.
Instead of gases, how about water and oil. Mix, increase entropy, then they separate again, entropy decreased. I know entropy over all still increases, but is there anything in time that can ‘mix / unmix’ like this? While the total entropy experiences an increase, there’s a very high level of entropy (when they’re mixed0 that experiences some small reversal when they separate.
Uhm, gravity (and mass) always seemed to me as a force that kind of opposes entropy and time. Even if you consider relativistic effects, or perhaps especially then. Btw, gases get separated by gravity as well. Speaking about opposing entropy, there is also the Maxwell's demon issue. It is not really related to gravity, but you may want to check it out.
@@WhitefirePL but the demon has to consciously decide to open the door and activate some kind of mechanism, thereby using energy and performing work. It's unsatisfactory to say that the demon as well as the door is massless because a massless entity capable of thought, as far as we know, doesn't exist in the material universe
@@arsemyth8920 Well, yes. As far as I know, the demon is just a thought experiment. Still, instead of the door and a mechanism you could image some sort of filter which does not need constant reactivation. Gravitational pressure seems to work this way, at least when other processes do not get in a way (which they do, more often then not).
So this is where the definitions given in this video absolutely fall apart. So firstly you have to separate the two things that are happening. Everything that happens ever gives an increase in entropy yes. So the act of mixing is allowed as you have increased the entropy. The act of unmixing actually does increase the entropy: the reason they separate is because entropy of THE SYSTEM is larger (or the two separate systems together that is) compared to when they are mixed. Consider the following: dG = dH -TdS. G is Gibbs free energy and relates to the entropy of the universe such that dS(universe) = -dG/T so this implies for a process to occur, the Gibbs free energy change must be negative. Think of it as a mathematical way of considering the enthalpy and entropy of a system together, because the enthalpy impacts the overall entropy as well. So what about the other two terms? dH can be seen as the enthalpy of interaction of the water-water, oil-oil and water-oil molecular interactions. T is of course temperature and dS is the change in entropy of the system. This entropy part is a bit harder to imagine, but it is essentially to do with the number of particles and the process of interaction. The entropy of a system is simply the statistical consequence of distributing particles amongst quantised energy levels. If you have more particles, you have more entropy (as there are more ways of distributing more particles for a given energy). So the process of binding and unbinding molecules in the "mixtures" affects the entropy. This is very complicated for a youtube comment so ignore the entropy component for now. In water and oil, the water-water interactions are MUCH MUCH stronger than the water-oil interactions. This is because of hydrogen bonding mostly. This means by mixing the water and oil, the enthalpic term is not as large and the overall entropy of the system is reduced (again, this is not going against the second law, because the act of mixing put energy into the system to increase the overall entropy change). As a result, the water and oil will separate out, allowing these favourable interactions to be set up so that the entropy of the individual systems is larger. Note, this is incredibly, incredibly simplified. The enthalpy term here is explained, but the entropy includes effects such as desolvation, conformational energies/entropies (molecules will have rotational entropy levels as well), association/dissociation and number of particles. This is also assuming temperature is constant. Source: undergraduate chemist at the university of cambridge
"[W]hat Dyson has in mind is a revision of the Copenhagen formulation in which there remains the two complementary realms, quantum and classical, but the boundary between them is moved from microscopic versus macroscopic to instead divide the future from the past." In the immortal words of Steve Miller, time keeps on slippin', slippin', slippin' into the future.
It is great for Arvin to point out the paper which interpret the past as the collapse of the wavefunction. This is a great point of view that link QM to entropy. Recall that the Schrodinger cat is both dead/alive before we see it, the moment we open the box, is the moment that time within the box catches up to our time. Hence there is no universal time in the universe. Everything come together.
Time could be going backward for all we know. It could stop entirely, then start again, but if we're inside the space-time continuum, then how could we possibly perceive it.
not possible, what we know as "the big bang" is the result of an explosion in a vacuum. What we measure as "time" is the movement created as a result of that explosion. In order for time to go backward, the explosion that started time would have to be reversed. Every molecule in existence would have to return in the same order and place it started, and since entropy occurs naturally, this can never happen. Living cells grow and die. This cannot be reversed. Time is and always will be a one way trip. Time is not a thing that can be manipulated.
Isn't it the case that we define 'forwards' in time as the way we experience it. So, as you say, this could be some convoluted path through n dimensions of spacetime for all we know.
@@SteveTylerHG I don't think so, I'm not an astrophysicist so I haven't done the math, but from my humble point of view, our experience has nothing to do with it. If a tree falls in the forest it certainly does make a sound. Just because no one was there to observe it is irrelevant. Even after I am dead the earth will rotate on it's axis and fly around the sun. What does my experience or ability to observe anything have to do with it?
@@SteveTylerHG that doesn't make sense. What I'm trying to explain is the events that we experience has nothing to do with time. Time went on eternally before men evolved and it will continue eternally afterward. Our experience is irrelevant. I believe that if time stopped as Mickey Garcia says it, we would all die. We would not experience anything for very long. There is a series of events that have to occur in order for us to live and there are infinitely more events happening outside of our own existence that we are literally of no consequence. As far as I can tell, the space time continuum is one directional. It's a natural law. I don' think it can be modified or edited by any force. There is no force large enough to do so, at least not that has been discovered. Black holes are not easy to study so who knows what effect they might have if given enough time. I wonder sometimes if the big bang wasn't a result of a singularity reaching a point of ignition but I'm sure if that did happen in our universe, it will also mean the end of all life so we wouldn't be able to experience that either, taking notes as our solar system is blown to dust. But even that would only be a moment in time never-ending. But what we call time (or the measurement of it) is a simple measurement of movement. We could call it whatever we want but what we do, think or experience of it really means nothing in the grand scheme of things.
'Time' is a fictional artifact constructed by 'perception', in conjunction with 'frequencies' juxtaposed by universe i.e., 'matter' Mind over matter = time
This is the first I have seen where time, entropy and information have all been tied together into something that makes real sense! Thank you!!!
There's no such thing as time (Outside of our mind anyway). There's no third party agent called time enforcing change or Entropy (Which only exists inside our mind) on to the world. When an ice cube melts, there's no such entity as time, forcing the ice cube to melt. The idea of time is in no way an empirical one. All we perceive in the world is change and never a thing called time.
Time is a useful tool created by human perception for the purpose of coordination and synchronization. Those two thing are very important for social creatures like humans.
You're absolutely correct, I hope he explains entanglement soon
BS. If so time would be different for different people
@@StarNumbers
Well, around 1905, a guy named Albert showed that it is different for everyone.
From all the physics videos I'v seen on TH-cam, Arvin really gives the best explanation on physics!
I love how Alvin says he hopes someone watching this video will come up with a new theory of time. That’s cool to think a bright mind anywhere might be able to do this! The possibilities!
A theory of time or of something that appears to us as "time". I've done that. I'd post a link to it but ... it seems there is a ban on links
@@KaiseruSoze world needs more and more people just like you brother! 💯😎👊👌
I fet like he was talking to me :o
My Calculus teacher told our class that d of x or delta of x from Calculus is time of x because it is the change of x. And i thought on my own, considering that, that time is either the Calculus operation derivative or integral, i think integral from what ive found in formuli,,, but time isnt directional in macro world and not arrow of time at quantum, people prescribe that something special is happening when balls "lose" energy bouncing but they just disperse it and energy is still conserved, ITS JUST that complexity arises with larger scales of events so things happen that seem to be special but are still following same orderliness as the quantum. Theres not just a mass of atomic stuff bouncing, there is also gravity absorbing and changing velocity. Change is time. But my thought on time is an integral OF SPACE is that an integral is the area bound by an origin axis, and a plot graph of a function. X and y axises with a graph. But time is the area bound by space, and space is filled and is defined by the fields that fill space or that are that have substance to measure which illustartes spatialness. And my formula that shows that gravity is ths time of time, and gravity is thusly the integral of time construct and time is the integral of space IS from gravity equals force and force equals mass times acceleration, but since acceleration is distance per time squared, one can do Calculus derivative with respect to time for mass x distance per time², and get another function or equation, what Calculus does, and it shows that the new equation is a time construct that when integrated,, the opposite of derivative,, u get gravity, then u can derive again and find what describes space(time). And there is a known formula which is that first derivative rearranged to be solved for a different aspect or variable. And the derivative of gravity is space(time) divided by quantum mechanics, and that equals, the derivative when math is done, is mass x distance x -2 per time cubed.. which shows gravity is correlated to space and mass and distance, AND that space is 3D time equivalent, and that would show how time could be viewed inversely as space dimensional. Thats bout all. I mighta forgot something. But i comment on ScienceClic English's videos and i told my scifi movienidea on doughtinator's youtube as well.
@@KaiseruSoze I also came up with a theory of time. You can maybe try to post the link with a space in between parts
You are the best expository speaker I have encountered ever. Also the passion that oozes out of your expression is really motivating. Keep it up. ♥️
When you break it down to its fundamentals, everything in the Universe is information.
Gravity, it appears, is not a force, in a field, carried by a particle, but is an emergent phenomenon caused by the fact that time advances more slowly near a massive object. In this situation, you must move downwards in order to be in an inertial frame of reference. From the surface of a massive object, this movement is not possible because the object is in the way (pauli exclusion principle). This resistance is the same as constant acceleration and we feel this as weight. Gravity is an effect, not something fundamental in the same way that there is no such thing as a centrifugal force, rather there is a centrifugal effect.
Seems to me that space and time (or spacetime) are also emergent (effects) with their underlying causes emerging from information. Maybe something like this:
Time: The transformation of a probability into a certaintly (knowledge).
Space: The degree of quantum entanglement or propagation of information.
Just wild speculation on my part but I can't escape the feeling that the only thing that is fundamental in this Universe is information and everything else is just emergent.
Very interesting.
Agree that gravity is probably not a force with an associated boson (personal speculation as well). With your definition of emergence, wouldn't the other "fundamental forces" also not actually be fundamental either, but emergent?
This is a very interesting comment, though I challenge you to imagine this: by saying time flows slower near massive objects you aren't solving the problem of gravity that you answered to, which is how can mass have an effect like this at a distance? There is something more fundamental going on, and I understand it like this:
according to the GToR, if you experience similar forces to another situation, the situations are not just equivalent but exactly the same. Therefore, if you're accelerating through space and experiencing a kind of "drag", your mass, from the higgs' field, then when you're standing on earth and also experiencing this drag you're also moving through space: space flows towards masses, and condenses infinitely at the center as it does so. This isn't at all far fetched as gravity can be described like this mathematically, and we already know space can expand infinitely.
This also solves the problem with time dilation. Space flows faster closer to a mass, and slower further away. This means things on the surface of a planet move faster through space, and therefore have to move slower through time, and similarly things in the orbit move slightly slower through time, and therefore faster through space. The constant acceleration we experience on the planet is the constant discrepancy between movement through space different parts of our body experience: space flows faster through our feet, slower through our head, and we feel this as a constant force as this discrepancy never evens out.
What happens when space flows towards a mass at the speed of light is a black hole!
Definitions of time as "transformation" or "change" are circular because you're already assuming some sort of time flow so that anything can evolve from state s1 at _time_ t1 to state s2 at _time_ t2. It's very hard if not impossible to imagine time as emergent given that our thought process and our models of physical reality are always based on chenge, evolution etc.
Matter is, really, densified energy. What does energy mean?
A potential to cause change. What does change mean?
A measurable difference between two states in time and space. How do we measure change?
By comparing states of energy. What does measuring means, then?
We compare two potentials to cause change in a unit of probability turning into knowledge (in a unit of time) and in a unit of the propagation of information (in a unit of space).
When we get a certain value then that density of energy means it is already a unit of matter. When matter (which is, really, energy) is dense enough it makes time flow slower. Or more exactly: every material particle makes time flow slower.
So, above a certain value of the difference between two potentials to cause change (thus, when energy is dense enough to make a material particle) in a unit of probability turning into knowledge (time) and in a unit of the propagation of information (space) these latter very units will change themselves. Time will slow down and space will become curved.
Time might stop at very big gravity (at the event horizont of black holes). This means, then, that above a certain level of difference between two potentials to cause change the probability turning into knowledge is zero.
I guess that is why everything cannot happen at the same time. Also the existence of an upper limit to the speed of light means this.
And what about the notion of knowledge? Does it make sense to any other being in the world than for human beings?
I guess it makes some sense for living beings (plants and animals) but they cannot really comprehend it. Can we?
What is knowledge?
It is a tool to help sustain homeostasis. And homeostasis means maintaining a certain degree of entropy inspite of the "natural tendency" of its increase.
So, this means, then that we cannot do "anything" (according to our current knowledge about the physical world) because there is a natural limit of probabilities turning into our tool (knowledge) to maintain a homeostasis favoured by us. Well, what a surprise...
In the end, thinking this all over takes us only to commonplaces.
But still, it was interesting to think about things like this.
And I can also see that all of these notions are invented by us as practical tools to understand and master our material world better.
And which notion of them is the "most basic"? Is it really information? It might be so... But it seems to me that all of these basic notions (time, energy, information, entropy, gravity, mass, speed etc.) are defined by each other. So, after all, it is arbitrary to choose one or a few of them as "very basic" and then calling the others derived from them as only secondary or "illusory". (Someone told me that "mass does not really exist, it is just a ratio". Well...)
Select your difficulty:
Easy - Arvin Ash
Medium - Sabine Hossenfelder
Hard - PBS Space Time
INSANE - Your lazy college professor
Easy - TH-cam
Medium - Reading articles and editorials
Hard - Reading the actual research papers
Very Hard - Realizing you can't understand physics except through calculus and trig
DARK SOULS - Believing in the many-worlds theory
Hee, Hee, as a former college lecturer I recognise exactly what you are talking about! (regarding my colleagues of course....)
PBS Space Time is highly over rated in my honest humble opinion. Honestly, in a lot of episodes he actually doesn't say much of anything... He just uses a certain vernacular and key phrases and the layman assumes it must be profound when it's really not.
I know I'll catch hell for this. This internet culture has become so toxic, people think certain channels are part of their identity so anytime someone criticizes their favorite channels they take it as a personal attack.
So just a disclaimer, this is my opinion. I just don't find PBS Space Time to be a good source of information.
Fermilabs channel is decent, Sabine is good too, but they're both for the layman. The only difference is they dispense with the sensationalism of it all.
PBS space time indulges in the sensationalism too often, taking advantage of the ignorant audience ( obvious by reading the comments most of them are there to listen to big words and have their "minds blown") and over hyping unproven ideas or misrepresenting certain fields to appear more "reality bending" than they actually are.
Rarely do any of them actually do a good job of explaining whatever it is they're talking about.... Because if they did, they wouldn't get 1,000s of views thus none of that sweet ad revenue which is today's lesson boys and girls...
Its always about the ratings. Always.
You can bet your sweet ass that objectivity is the first thing to be sacrificed to the algorithm God of youtube. Pleasing the algorithm = more $$. Not just from ads, but they'll feature sponsorships and their patreon too. Oh, and "merch". That's how much they care about you, they squeeze every last penny they can.
And don't forget their requests to hear your opinions in the comments! They could not care any less about what you have to say, they just want to increase that sweet sweet audience engagement stat for the algorithm.
PBS space time is one of the worst offenders.
@@frauleinhohenzollern It had to be said.
Arvin you are my favourite 'gangsta' science educator. You always stay open minded and never arrogant, and always clearly explain the sides to any scientific debate, rather than taking a dogmatic position. I experience this as very respectful. Thanks for another great video.
Time probably just the constant process of the manipulation of matter by energy
Role of gravity with time?
I watch a lot of videos about physics and very few express ideas with such clarity and patience. Thank you Arvin for all you do to help people get it. In addition to quality productions you are gifted as a presenter. Well done, excellent and appreciated!
Clarity? You mean how time is just a measurement of motion, and any explanation beyond that is bullshit?
@@Mick0722MX I always thought that the purpose of videos such as this, is to make things difficult to understand, to confuse, or to mislead. The primary goal instaed, is entertainment. Looking at things in a simpler manner instead, is basically banned these days. And so they don't bother to make it clear that everything that exists is always in motion, and that this motion is exactly the same magnitude of motion of which photons of light have as they move across space. So within the 4D environment known as Space-Time, everything is always in motion, and thus all that can be changed, is the direction of travel. The Special Relativity phenomena, is the outcome of this simple ongoing motion and changing of direction overall setting. I threw some videos together to show exactly how this happens, and how to properly derive the equations, but they involve logic, not entertainment, so basically no one is interested in them.
@@helifynoe9930 Space-time? What is space-time exactly?
ALL LIVING THINGS TRUMPH CARD WAS REPRODUCTION , IN A DESPERATE EFFORT AND A SUCCESFULL ONE TO CONTINUE TO EXIST IN THIS NEVER ENDING "NOW".ALL NON BIOLOGICAL THINGS JUST DECAY.
@MissInformed I Just LOVE your name 😊
12:25 "My dream is that a someone watching this video right now, comes
up with such a theory, and changes the world."
Just you wait, Arvin. Just you wait.
lol... Brilliant.
Yes
time is gravity, gravity is time, gravity allows wavelike energy aka matter-antimatter-exoticmatter to move on it aka quantem field ez bro ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''gravity=quantem field'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Workin' on it - _WORKIN' ON IT !!_
Idiot debate,,,he talks as if as long as you go forward you can't end up in the past,,,,,,if that were so we would not have these things called loops,,,to the person on the loop they can't tell most of the time that they are about to end up where they started, loops are also used in electrical engineering where energy can be looped back to anywhere along it's path. The point is,,you don't have to go backwards to end up on the same path as you started so to move to the past would require you to continue forward in a loop, but I don't believe time is what they think it is, I believe most people view time as a recording that they want to rewind however I don't believe if you went to the past that it would be like that at all, time is time and not a recorder and it probably works the same whether it's going forward or backwards without any regard to what has happened or not, if fact there is no evidence that we would even perceive the difference, and there is the opinion that time is really just a concept that we humans created to keep track of our day,,so using the word time in this way may be misleading.
my boss explained to me that somehow time is money
That is different time and this different time we are discussing 😜😜
If time is irreversible then time does not exist but is a stubborn illusion due to our limited concioussnes.
12:26 - I'm working on it! In the meantime. The content you provide is very helpful and appreciated. Please keep it coming. The more perspectives the better.
This explanation satiated my curiosity. I was quite discontent with entropy being equated with time. But this explanation clears it. Thank you for making this video!
Right, also with me. Now I got the impression that going back in time, if possible, you would loose all the information you have - with the result, you cannot change what happened, just repeat it.
@@billferner6741 That's an insightful thought! I didn't think about the implications of this line of thinking for time-travel.
@@billferner6741 The insight is interesting. But the conclusion, I would have thought, is the opposite - going back could change it but then instantly it is a completely new set of outcomes developing. This is the concept of new timelines, and linked to the butterfly effect.
@@brendanh8193 could be possible, yes. This is was most movies are showing. I got the idea b/o the video.
@@billferner6741 - which in some sense seems to describe what we're seeing all around us ! Well said - GOOD _CATCH_ !!
In the 4d “block universe” model, all instances of time exist simultaneously in a sort of loaf of bread where a particular instant would be represented by a slice. We live inside the loaf and experience out 3d reality second by second but a being who could see the entire loaf at once could see our entire timeline at once.
If God exists, HE look at us as bread. Or if a man can see the whole bread, he can become God
I disagree totally. Which slice of the loaf of bread is present, past or future??
Time is just energy/mass going from order to disorder.
I agree with the idea that the past is contained within the existing information of all charge and motion and that the present is just organizing the information, like a slinky moving over the slope of space. Smolin may have thought this through, but it is an assumption that the conversion from past to present adds any new information to the total information space.
@@sandeshbhandare7238 I think time is just an imaginary unit aside from 3D. time is just our invention to measure numbers and vector of movement compare to other moving things. That's why time is relative, time is just our comparison of something to the movement of atoms in an atomic clock. We also compare kinetic energy to movement of atomic clock. If the clock placed in gravity or accelerated, the clock will be slower, and so other things will be slower in the same location. That's why time is relative.
@@sandeshbhandare7238 your slice is a straight line through the loaf, and the speed you’re traveling determines the angle of your slice. That’s why there is no simultaneity in relativity. Everyone’s “now” is different because all observers can be traveling at different speeds through spacetime.
Entropy is what gives our experience of time a direction. Entropy is a property of the mass-energy in our universe, I agree.
My current explanation/belief about 'time' is that it's simply a measurement of change (absolute change, local change). Because all methods of measuring time involves some means of measuring a physical object that has a changing position in 'space' (e.g., the sun, a pendulum, the resonance induced by an oscillating field). And so that would mean that 'time' cannot exist without also having a 'space' for things to move through; ergo, 'spacetime'.
Further, my belief is that there's only one current moment in time (though things that happen non-locally do take their time to be communicated to other locations). And so, this present single moment is the result of all prior cause-and-effects, and also carries information forward that brings upon some new cause-and-effects (though some events can have their causes chosen, which then offers a different outcome than would have been otherwise predestined). So then, as change happens, the previous circumstances become history/information, and that historical fact cannot really be erased/reversed (though it can be forgotten). Simply stated, a bell cannot be un-rung, and so time behaves somewhat like an absolute value function.
But yet, if we don't move through space, we are still moving through time. So, are we falling through time? Or, is something always moving/changing even when it doesn't look like it? And then, if something moves through space fast enough, time actually stops and it becomes as thin as zero, but not negative (to the external observer anyway, if they can measure it). Essentially, dimensionless and timeless. In between these extremes, whenever we move through space, we're effectively taking a shortcut through space & time. The faster we go, the shorter the path becomes (both in space and time). It's like seeing every movement as traveling through a wormhole, particularly when you think about those muons coming in from the upper atmosphere.
@solo pro that is an assumption
@solo pro is it not?
In the
beginning, : Time
God created the
heavens : Space
And the Earth : Matter
*Genesis.1:1*
*Hebrews.11:* 3Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
*1Corinthians.1:* 19As the Scriptures say,
“I will destroy the wisdom of the wise
and discard the intelligence of the intelligent.”
20So where does this leave the philosophers, the scholars, and the world’s brilliant debaters? God has made the wisdom of this world look foolish. 21Since God in his wisdom saw to it that the world would never know him through human wisdom, he has used our foolish preaching to save those who believe.
@solo pro
Romans. 10:17
I believe time doesn't exist,but a change from one form to another
You are a wonderful teacher..Thanks for all the brilliant knowledge you pass by towards your viewers..Keep up the great work..
I was never interested in science, but your videos first intrigued me. Now, I'm more interested in learning about our universe and many fundamental questions about existence. Thanks Arvin 🙏🙏
I love watching your videos Arvin. They are so clear even my grand mother could understand all your explanations!
Thank you so much.
Regarding the reversibility of time in quantum mechanics , I think there is a possibility for the time to be a one way ticket and the diagrams to me don’t prove the symmetry. When a particule decays in two particles, we will never prove that it’s the same two particules which can transform in one same particle. They are identical but not the same! So the reaction is irreversible.
Tanks for your reply Arvin. I am not a physicist, just a French amateur.
Jean-Paul
Time is nature's way of making sure everything doesn't happen at once.
Arvin, the concept of time only exists through an image….time is not a continuous linear function, it is a replay of a recorded sequence of events. Two particles that pass by each other without interaction…..a particle itself knows nothing about time. Entropy, energy, temperature are all merely model constructs that are useful engineering tools. They are not actual real things. They obscure the real physics of our universe.
@@vincedrymond3174 Terry!!!!!
It is by definition undetectable whether there is a hidden “tag” of identity in every particle that tracks if they are the “same”. Every particle in your body could be instantaneously switched with some other identical particle and every thing would just work exactly the same. Therefore this does not prove anything. When physicists say something is reversible, they only mean the physical laws don’t forbid something to happen exactly the same backwards. They don’t mean to literally get back the specific electron called “Martin” back in time.
@@MrNicePotato - All that is correct, but suppose a process thought to be one-way is observed to happen in reverse... Then _that_ is the course of events, it is simply the way things play out, not "time running backward". If sweeping the fragments of a broken vase caused it to unexpectedly reassemble in 0.85 seconds, it would still be 0.85 seconds _later,_ not earlier. Time is "forward" only by definition, irrespective of which direction a process runs.
I think your channel is the BEST. I follow multiple physics channel but you have this insane ability to explain everything so very clearly. Fantastic channel!
I agree, and also like how he presents things less as fact and more as theory
Love your videos Arvin, you really do have a special talent for explaining really complex topics in a clear and understandable way.
I feel like time is the side-effect of gravity and the opposite is also true...meaning that it is one force.
I really enjoy your documentaries. Of all the shows on You Tube, all though there are some close seconds. Your views are like beacons of truth to me; and I find I become enriched by your scientific revelations. A form of intellectual nourishment, and harsh facts that stir the imagination, but awesome scientific lectures.
I'm glad you mentioned entropy reversal isn't technically impossible but rather statistically unlikely.
You can reverse entropy whenever you like. It just takes energy. Your refrigerator is doing it this whole time.
@@nauy That's not reversing entropy, it's increasing entropy.
African L B / No, you're wrong!
Reversed entropy can be and it is created all the time LOCALLY, but AT the UNIVERSAL scale it is increasing continuously.
For example, all bioogical organisms ( and the "artificial" ones ) on Earth are created and sustained by the reversed local entropy of the Universe.
@@mikel4879 it's not reversing entropy when you're increasing entropy to do so. You're talking about systems that aren't closed
I'm an infinite universe, however statistically unlikely, anything that could potentially happen will happen. Which is why this entropy theory is a mind fuck, or why the universe may be a closed system.
Time is a "definition" for the configuration of Existence: Present, Past, or Future. Those three are defined in terms of Entropy. And since Entropy has a tendency to increase, there is an expectation/bias that time is moving. In reality, it is always the Present, and the change in Entropy defines what we consider to be Present, Past, or Future.
The present includes the past as it projects itself into the future,which of course automatically becomes the present,physically. I see the infinite past as the force of expansion and the present is the 2-D membrane that separates the 3-D present from the 4-D future. We process a limited amount of information to define the past and present,selecting from an infinite universe of information that totally ignores entropy. We, as conscious information processors are the force that creates order in the conditional processes of entropy which are not conscious but still follow the laws of physics and the law of cause and effect. Cosmic Momentum. Time is Motion...expanding toward an imagined future or contracting into the solid past. No motion...no time.
@@danscott1126pix If time is motion, how can it pass at different rates in 2 different points? (as in any gravitational field).
If you see a character in the screen of a videogame, is it really moving?, or are just pixels that turn on and off with different colors and you interpret movement?.
How can time be motion and be remotely consistent with Relativity?. If it was that simple, dude
I came here to say something like this. It seems to me that time is an illusion brought about by human memory, this illusion persists because of our imagination and our language - the way we talk about time keeps the illusion alive. In reality, past and future are always *imagined* ; we 'remember' the past and we 'visualize' the future *always* in the present.
Average information is entropy (p * ln p).
Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy).
Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics!
Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality.
"Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
@@cristianproust The velocity of NOW is infinite. Time is relative to a rate of perception. Fast or slow or even looping time depend on perception by a consciousness.
This was such an exceptional video. I feel like I almost have a handle on the concept of entropy now. Quantum future becoming classical past via the present ... adding more information, disorder, entropy to the universe. Thanks so much for this channel Arvin. You explain complex subjects amazingly well. 👍
Could it also be that the tendency towards higher entropy by 'nature' is actually the universe's unique way of maintaining order? Think for example how 'chaotic' our perceptible world would be if everything happens at the same time all the time. Entropy therefore is chaotic order.
Mr. Ash, I watched your explanation of intanglement this morning and really appreciate your descriptive approach -- you have a real gift. I then watched this video on time, I had previously studied Hans Reichenbach's treatise "The Direction of Time" and found it to be a difficult read. Your explanation was completely insync with Reichenbach's, but you avoided the arduous proofs, which I couldn't help but think were gratuitous probability theory and got in the way of his key points. Again, thank you.
Hi Arvin, your efforts here are appreciated, as you present different opinions regarding time. The most solid point after watching, was the first one..Nobody knows what time really is.. the definition you say physics offers, is in essence, time is a "process" that allows us to know in the present, what happened in the past, seems more philosophical and value based, rather than an objective definition. Another value based statement was 11.24 "'the light bulb in your home is converting useful electricity into less useful light and heat". Hmm ...Scientific speculation usually avoids like the plague, the issue of purpose. Perhaps that is because purpose is a subjective value, rather than the impersonal objectivity science aims for. But how knowledge and science is understood and utilized, IS very subjective. The light bulb which allows for heat and light (perhaps to read and study by) is utilizing electricity for a purpose, which actually gives electricity more value than just electricity without purposeful utilization. Although we know what electricity is, we don't really see electricity - we see its effects. Time is similar; we see it's effects, not time itself. What if personal utilization of time, is what gives time it's value, rather than assigning it as a "process" of drudgery, such as measuring it from point A to B, which informs us in the present, how long it took a piece of fruit to rot in the past.
An objective truth is: for each person, time subjectively flows forward, from the point of one's birth, to point of one's death - and how one spends and utilizes that measure of time, helps determine it's value and importance, more so perhaps than deciding it's as causality or not, as related to quantum theory and entropy. When science postures itself as considering analytical speculation it's supreme goal - ignoring positive purpose and utilization of it's powerful discoveries - abuse of power can fill the vacuum left by absence of proper use of knowledge which yields power, and proper ethical considerations. Oppenheimer in a reflective moment after viewing the first atomic bomb detonation, quoted Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita: "Time I am, the great destroyer of worlds, and I have come to engage all people"
Time is cyclic, marking beginnings, and endings. Take any point on a circle - if you move forward following the arc, you will end at the same place you started. Following the arc of time in a cycle, from birth to death, the "process" of time marks one's activities of past at the present moment of death - which simultaneously marks the starting of the new life cycle and forward arc revealing the unknown future (but influenced by the past (karma) according to Gita philosophy). Described in the philosophy of the Gita also, is the explanation that conscious energy never dies, it simply changes form.
How to get free from the influence of time and the cycle of birth and death, is also discussed by OG Sri Krishna ;-)
Lastly - although used and originating in a different context, a trending slogan as of late is: "Future proves past." Hmm... Food for thought on many levels. Thanks.
I just want to say I read this all. Well said 👍.
I like the way he explain complex scientific theories and fact by simplifying them and make them more understandable. Hence we enjoy his video and increase our scientific knowledge.
"Nobody knows what time really is" BS!!! Ask anyone if they can describe any event- past -present -or future
not involving a clock of some type .The most exact measure of (event) time requires using a photon(s) NATURES FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANT.Since a photon has no mass but does have energy and momentum ,any measurment using a photon will disturb the observed objects position! Hence the Heisenberg uncertainty principle follows from my preceding discussion w/o invoking quantum mechanics i.e Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle
all with a sick toque on!
A black hole swallows matter. Is that entropy?
@@franklipsky3396 What are you talking about? Time is measured motion, nothing more.
@@Mick0722MX MICK :DEFINE MOTION OF ATOMS AS E.G. (ELeCTRON AROUND NUCLEUS) HOW WOULD YOU MEASURE IT?
Outstanding video Arvin; as always. The subject matter is great and your narration is superb. Well done!
@James w Have you the slightest idea how insane you sound?
I am 20 years old studying EE Degree. I like your videos and i am proud to say that i understand most part of quantum physics even though I just learnt classical physics in 12th all thanks to u 🤞
Bam, that was beautiful. The observation of 'entropy' being related to and not nescessarily the cause of time; really brought the whole thing together.
P.s. beautifully consice explanation of time
Same!!!
I was going to say this.
@@Robert_McGarry_Poems great minds 😉🤓
This is not an explanation of time, as no one knows what time is. Hence, cannot be explained.
@@florincoter1988 no, it is, listen again
Then time travel to past is possible but improbable also? Yet it means the universe to time travel for the past to be ther in the first place to visit , impossible as reality ?
The heat death end of the universe made me think of Roger Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory, that the ending is in a similar low entropy state as what is thought to have existed at the beginning. Intriguing!
Three thoughts.
1: What if time does run backwards and we don't know it? Time could be switching directions all the time, and if everything runs backwards, including our thoughts and memories, then we would never know it was running backwards at all.
2: I really like the idea that increasing entropy is what defines time. 'Time', as a human word, really represents our perception of this constantly changing state of the universe. It is only because we have consciousness and memory that we can perceive the change from one state of the universe to another state a moment later, and it is only because of our intelligence that we can reconstruct what past states of the universe have been.
3. I agree with your conclusion that in the end, when all energy in the universe has been equalised (so there is no more stored potential energy anywhere, be that gravitational, electrical, heat vs cold or whatever, then there would be no more energy exchange anywhere in the universe. Then, all future states would be the same as the present state, so time would be irrelevant.
So I guess my conclusion on this one is that the universe is constantly moving from one state to another, and overall entropy is increasing. But time itself, is an intelligent being's perception of this change facilitated by consciousness and memory. Time only matters because we are here to witness it. If we weren't here to witness it, what would it matter?
The eternal now is consistently updated at the speed of light. But in the end everything is light being contemplated at the speed of light. This is a calculation being continually updated 12 sextillion times per second. That is a 12 with 21 zeros behind it 12,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. When contemplating time, where you place your awareness or perspective is important. You will never be able to properly study time in the physical world because it is made possible in the nonphysical. It would be like trying to understand how a digital nature video is made possible by dissecting your computer monitor. Think of the physical world as being only a display monitor. Just as you cannot study consciousness by dissecting a human brain.
Excellent points.
In the 'block time" theory, time runs in all directions at the same time, you can think of it as a 4th axis of space (in fact it's probably the first axis). Just like you can move through the other three axes, you are moving through the axis of time the same way. The whole structure of the universe is a multidimensional fractal that comes to life based on how you're moving through it. You can envision it like a kaleidoscope that just produces a universe as you turn it. In reality the fractal is basically just consciousness and your current experience is 'you'. It sounds like wu but it has some strong experimental evidence.
Lol. Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.
@@garytyme9384 Well, Einstein disagrees with your opinion. Hell, the satellites in orbit disagree with you. You tell the engineers that they don't have to adjust the clocks because you know how time works. Go on, tell em'... Pass those magnitudes to them, I'm sure it will work and all the satellites won't fall out of the sky... /sarcasm
Interesting, I had this thought that the reason "forward" time exists is because of the statistical impossibility of Entropy reversing to a prior state, but when you mentioned the paper where it mentioned the theory that the wave function collapsing basically "cements" passing moments and there's no way to go back and undo that collapse, that really clicked in my head for a great theory of what time really is. At the same time, I also think it's related to physical constants, because without those being "constant" life would be chaos, because "time" would be chaos.
I like when he says "we don't know" because so many say we know things that we really have no clue.
Those that do know are, wisely, not telling anyone about it. Some knowledge is dangerous.
@@mikemondano3624 lol so edgy and cryptic. Please, tell us Mike, what is this knowledge that is so dangerous that "those that do know" cannot tell us about it?
@@mchevre Let's just say that there are things about our views of ourselves, essential for modern society to exist, that are not at all as they seem. But we must keep up the illusions. And things about the universe and our perceptions of it as well. The reason the "brain in a vat" question is so difficult to answer is that we are exactly that. David Hume is a start, Mach and Kant probably knew it all. Bishop Berkeley is being rehabilitated as the only explanation of some relativistic results (without his God). "Dangerous Knowledge" of another sort was a film that hinted at it all and the suicides that were so frequent. Some neuroscientists are staying mum about what they know or suspect. Much else is ineffable.
@@mikemondano3624 Sorry Mike but that is an old saying, which has been wrong for as long as it's been around. All knowledge (on any subject) is good. The only danger is when people STOP learning more. It's your job to keep learning more every day to add to what you know about anything.
@@MegaSkills9 Knowledge caused most of the world's tragedies and still does. It isn't real. It's just an analogy for reality, and often a poorly matched one.
1)
I must say that this is most amazing video on this topic i have ever watched. Kudos to your commendable efforts sir...
2)
I'm not preaching but it has been taught in my religion that one day time will stop forever. Maybe this is the time when entropy of universe becomes so much high to stop the time. Thank you
Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.
This is one of your best. Very thought provoking and essentially an exercise in pleasure. Really enjoyed this one.
Average information is entropy (p * ln p).
Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy).
Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics!
Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality.
"Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
... and there is more: concept of Time depends on the Theory we are considering ... We sometimes omit saying that entropy is a probabilistic average of the quantity of information (like "mass of structure")... We should not worry thermic death: The Universe gets more complex (networks, vibration and resonance are key concepts to understand the quantum world) A stimulating presentation, thank you!
Goddamn this is the best channel on TH-cam. Also, the animator here is underappreciated!
The animations are great, but what I keep wondering is just how precise the communications must be between Arvin and the animator for the end-result to be so accurately demonstrative. The animator must end up understanding physics better than Arvin in the end, heh.
Thanks. Yes, I have great animators on the team, that never complain about what I ask them to do. But it is a process that requires a lot of planning, storyboarding, multiple edits and revisions. I drive the team crazy because I'm never satisfied.
This channel is definitely worthy of praise but there's got to be a less blasphemous way to do so. 🤔
I like the theory of time being an ever continuing wave collapse. It seems the logical answer to time. Gravity might affect the speed of the wave collapse.
Yes, apparently time slows down the closer you are to earth, or a source of gravity. See The Science Asylum video on the subject. "The REAL source of Gravity may SURPRISE you"
th-cam.com/video/F5PfjsPdBzg/w-d-xo.html
Gravity doesn't actually exist in the way we think it does, also the wave that is collapsing is a wave of probability, I can't see that being affected by 'gravity' per se.
Great video - Arvin provides one of the best breakdowns of all of the possibilities that time could be. I heavily lean toward time just being emergent from the playing out of physical laws (entropy, etc...). I think it is as simple as that. Therefore it doesn't make sense to me to think time will run backwards. That would mean that physical laws would alter themselves in a non-sensical way for the sake of time running in the opposite direction. But that is highly unlikely since forward time really plays no role in the real physical laws that we see - forward time is just the playing out of those events while the laws themselves remain consistent and are the driving force every step of the way.
One of the keys to expanding our understanding is a deep analysis of time dilation. Because only through understanding why clocks can run faster or slower will we be able to understand what makes them run to begin with.
Having said that - all of the time dilation evidence we have so far (muon half-lives, GPS clocks, etc...) seems to point at the fact that each atom is its own personal clock which can be sped up or slowed down based on a change in its local environment. That is consistent with time being emergent from the playing out of repeating fundamental behaviors on the atomic/sub atomic level.
Average information is entropy (p * ln p).
Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy).
Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics!
Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality.
"Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
What’s brilliant about this video is it’s simplicity in explaining the very complex scientific principles of time and entropy.You are a great communicator Arvin.
I love your videos, always inspire thought! So saying “the past is classical and the future is quantum” seems the same as measuring a quantum particle - they’re all probabilities until they’re measured (observed), at which point they collapse into a classical state. So the quantum future collapses into a classical past when observed via the present.
My thoughts were something like "Presents is that moment when particles leave their superposition threw observation"
Bad english, sorry. It isnt my native language. I hope you get what I mean :D
The end there where he postulates if time exists at the heat death of the universe kinda blew my mind
I'd never considered or heard of that concept
Quantum... lol. Quantum or quanta = quantity. Quantum does not exist singularly, collectively, or in consubstantiality. Quantum is a related term of quantity. As a noun quantum is quantity i.e., a fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denomination. Also, Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.
So novel, simply stunning. Made my day. Thank you Arvin Ash!🥰
"Time" is the perception of the sequence of events. Particle A hits particle B. B is deflected and hits particle C. Two distinguishable events happened for B, one was "first", the other one "after the first" -> time has passed. If we reverse the velocity vectors of these particles, then everything happens in reverse order: C hits B and then B hits A. But even now, the hit-events for B happened in a sequencial (albeit reversed) order: time has passed.
You can reverse the order of events, but still, one happens before the other and one happens after the other. Time is just the destinction between "before" and "after. It is just an mental interpretation or concept when we observe the increasing entropy. It is no physical concept on it's own.
The time component of "spacetime" is then also a bit misleading. Time is rather an emergent feature of entropy - and entropy requires space to happen (to allow energy gradients which are needed to make anything, including entropy, happen).
Sorry if I am talking gibberish here - I am an absolute layman - but I find all this very fascinating!
I totally agree with your pov of time here. Very well explanation.
What will happen when particle y hits particle z 😂😂😂 what will particle z do😂😂😂
I agree. Arvin provides one of the best breakdowns of all of the possibilities that time could be. I heavily lean toward time just being emergent from the playing out of physical laws (entropy, etc...). I think it is as simple as that. Therefore it doesn't make sense to me to think time will run backwards. That would mean that physical laws would alter themselves in a non-sensical way for the sake of time running in the opposite direction. But that is highly unlikely since forward time really plays no role in the real physical laws that we see - forward time is just the playing out of those events while the laws themselves remain consistent and are the driving force every step of the way.
One of the keys to expanding our understanding is a deep analysis of time dilation. Because only through understanding why clocks can run faster or slower will we be able to understand what makes them run to begin with.
Having said that - all of the time dilation evidence we have so far (muon half-lives, GPS clocks, etc...) seems to point at the fact that each atom is its own personal clock which can be sped up or slowed down based on a change in its local environment. That is consistent with time being emergent from the playing out of repeating fundamental behaviors on the atomic/sub atomic level.
If time wasn't relative, this would seem like the complete picture.
But the fact that time is indeed relative and entwined with space itself, changes the game.
@@KineticSymphony maybye it's entropy that's relative and we just observe it as time?
I love this channel. Btw Roger Penrose already has a theory on why the heat death/big freeze is fundamentally indistinguishable from the conditions of the Big Bang (thermal equilibrium).
Roger says the 2nd law is thereby "transcended" at a new big bang, rather than being violated, which I like. It's almost as if the recording of information, or lack thereof, is the unspoken, implicit precondition of the 2nd law. The whole 'but outside the refrigerator', 'in the bigger picture' 'entropy is always increasing' notion has always seemed to me sort of an artificial imposition we put on reality rather than something intrinsic to it. We chose to and had the ability to step outside the fridge.
@@erawanpencil At some point the universe just "forgets" (to use Penrose's term) that it has reached maximum entropy. At that point, it can't remember the difference between its current state and minimum entropy, because both states are in thermal equilibrium and essentially the same. Hence default reset to Big Bang.
Arvin Ash is an absolute genius. Best explanation of time ever. The reason Newton's laws of motion work at all is because they describe what happens after the collapse of the wave function. Stated another way, Newton's laws describe the position of a particle accurately only when the probability wave function is tightly squeezed together, i.e. with little variation. Where Newton's laws fall apart is when the probability function flattens out, so the probability function is now spread out and not as well defined, for example where there are competing gravitational fields. And that is why Newton's laws predict the future in some systems pretty well, but fail in other instances. Time has nothing to do with it. The probability function is everything.
This video, the comments, and a few previous discussions about time and entropy have led me, just now, to finally understand the position that time is strictly a human construct. In fact, entropy is simply increasing because it has to, and we build and wind clocks so that we have something to plot that process against. Huh.
Now to figure out how to control entropy. I suppose the best we can hope for is to stop it locally and start up again after everybody else's entropy has increased...thereby travelling forward in "time" from my perspective. But then....wouldn't I have travelled backwards in time from their perspective?
Gonna sleep on that.
@@jaspwetering2528 how are you gonna stop it locally? Meaning freezing your self in a chamber so as to halt the biological processes? Even then I think the increase of entropy would offset any local decrease. You would need energy to do it? And if it is a mental contruct, then that means that animals don't have a concept of time at all? They live in an eternal present? That seems farfetched as it seems they have memories and without time there wouldn't be any memory, every slice of now would be fresh and never repeating. Whether you have a mind to perceive it, entropy is constantly increasing for billions of years and will continue to do so. Even if someone remains forever young, it is never thought as they are going backwards in time, but rather stoping it ( in works of fiction etc). It's a puzzle that bends the brain for sure
Hi Arvin. Great video as always.
It would be helpful, perhaps in another video, to stress the difference between the thermodynamical entropy dS= deltaQ/T (Q being heat, T the temperature and delta the inexact differential operator, d the exact differential) and informational entropy as the mean value of self-information on a sample space. These two entropies are indeed connected but they are not identical.
Great suggestion!
Liked this video. Quite a new perspective on what time may be. Thanks for producing this.
💥 OK. So you hear all the "time" (lol) that nobody knows what time is or whatever...But after listening to this very articulate gentleman I feel that maybe we do! That actually made the most sense ive seen so far. Well done sir, very nice 👌, OH, and I finally understand wtf entropy is. Thank you. I dont know why it took till I was 44 years old to have someone easily explain that shlt. The Universe thanks you, much appreciated. .💥 Although I feel we are ALL in for a suprise coming in the near future. Reality bout to be like that Talyor Swift song, shake shake shake shake it lol.
Extremely compelling and informative video Arvin. I am not easy to please. Well done! I'm watching, thinking, and considering what we can do with time. Interestingly, is even the effort to study time, write papers about it, do videos is contributing to entropy? If all our energy is put into this, then we are in a death race to figure out how to bring lower entropy before too much information takes us to a state of such high entropy that it is statistically impossible to win the race. The more we race, the faster we lose. We need to side step this. Run the race from both ends, at the microcosm or macrocosm at the same time. Trap time. It's seemingly elastic (via mass). Mass can be applied to ultimately un-randomize other mass through distortion of time (measured as gravity). Perhaps a relatively low amount of energy can be used to create mass from a common medium, such as light, thus creating protonic mass, and artificially start attraction of non-photonic mass and thus reduce entropies. Since nothing is lost in this universe forever, then in theory entropies should be reducible... before it's too late for us lowly carbon lifeforms to do so. Also, aren't black holes already reducing entropy? Am I mixing my metaphors?
black holes increase entropy when they consume mass because their surface area increases, as pointed out by Stephen Hawking.
I like the "crystal in a snowstorm" model, where the 3D universe is the growing edge of a 4D torus, and the Planck snowstorm "outside" is all pre-time. Time's "direction" is the surface normal, and is always one "bit" per "layer", ie. C. Standard model particles would be flaws in the lattice with the corresponding 4D symmetries and with convergent patterns to make mass. Other flaws would be filled in, creating divergence and effecting the expansion of the torus (Dark energy). The now-front may be fuzzy, with non-locked bits still free in pre-time until they get fully locked into now...this could explain some QM weirdness? I guess I'm fixed on a visual metaphor, and am probably way off, but it's fun!
Finding the right lattice rules, and a way to map the result back to our current math framework is a challenge...and a bucket-load of compute cycles and memory.
That sounds like E8
@@JamesCairney Best social commentary i know: Hbomberguy. Just sayin'.
"Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once."
- Woody Allen
who says it's not happening at once?
@@spactick That question does not even make sense to ask, as it has no meaning. That's one of the first lessons of logical positivism.
@@spactick my lottery ticket
Nope. Nothing would happen without time cause physics depend on it in order for "events" to happen. "Once" doesn't even make sense when `time` is the argument. The quote is misleading.
@@senpaixd1346 wrong, sorry to bust your bubble Senpai but the 'future' is fantasy, the past is what we've experienced and the present is what we're experiencing while we're discussing the former and latter.
You have the gift of making the incomprehensible simple. I am eternally (if there is such a thing!) astonished at your ability to explain the intricacies of physics both classical & quantum, to someone like me, who has so little background but so much fascination. After every one of your videos, I can think, "I get it!'
Time is simply the pace of movement through space. Time is an integral part of space, and is relative to speed. Past, present and future always exist. For us, the arrow and pace of time are also a product of our own minds and our physiology. We simply have no ability to see the other facets of time because we live on a specific, narrow timeline.
Burnt Norton
by T.S.Eliot, autumn 1935
I
Time present and time past
Are both perhaps present in time future
And time future contained in time past.
If all time is eternally present
All time is unredeemable.
What might have been is an abstraction
Remaining a perpetual possibility
Only in a world of speculation.
What might have been and what has been
Point to one end, which is always present.
Footfalls echo in the memory
Down the passage which we did not take
Towards the door we never opened
Into the rose-garden. My words echo
Thus, in your mind….
I'm afraid I won't be the one to come up with such a theory, Arvin, but as usual, I enjoyed this video intensely. Thank you, once more.
*probably not
Arvin, congrats on another simple, evocative and highly informative video. As all the comments below also confirm.
This is a wonderful video for the layman.
My biggest realization was that time and space have the exact same relationship/symetry as kinetic and potential energy. It's like a spatial dimension we move through at the speed of light and we tap into that potential speed to gain normal movement through space by sacrificing a bit of our speed through time.
Potential energy is a fiction we use to predict the future. Neither potential energy nor the future are strictly real.
@@hermes_logios We use potential energy to make the conservation of energy hold true, making our equations work for Newtonian physics
@@hermes_logios So, when I lift an object up a slope by inserting kinetic energy to it does the energy vanish into the ether and when I let the object go it conjures it back from the void?
@@Natsukashii-Records Gravity is not a force. It's a quantum effect.
@@hermes_logios I never said it was a force so, kinda random to mention. But, if gravity is a quantum effect then it's a force. If it's not, then it's just the geometry of spacetime.
Time and gravity are two big mysteries. On gravity I like to think it's similar to behaviour in, say, a beetle. Looking at the atoms in a beetle will not give you the behaviour of a beetle, you need a whole beetle before behaviour emerges. Similarly you need a whole universe for gravity to emerge and if this is correct then there is no point in trying to find gravity in sub atomic or quantum particles. Maybe this is why quantum gravity is proving to be such a tough nut to crack. My understanding (before this excellent video) that time is simply the change of one part of the universe with respect to another part of the universe. In other words it's not something in itself, something that you can do experiments on even though every experiment involves time. Thank you Arvin for adding to my wonderful journey through our amazing universe.
Correct me if I'm wrong but I always thought gravity could be explained through string theory like how objects in space with larger masses had longer and stronger lines drawing other objects to it on an +3D virtual grid (the known Universe). Time on the other hand relies on relative speed which is why traveling at speeds close to the speed of light can slow down time dilation.
Wrong comparison because behaviour of the beetle emerges at the level of genes, which influence their environment, producing phenotypic effects, which only at the level of the organism (so a loooooooooong way down the chain of influences) produces the "behaviour" which you are seeking. But everything the beetle does is determined genetically. That's why everything we know of can be quantized to the smallest of things or at least it has any connection with them.
Better comparison would be some some unique characteristics of whole biomes or ecosystems, which cannot be simply reduced to the organisms living in it, nor to the genes governing them. If there are such characteristics, then it's more like gravity. But also, this is biology, not physics, so it may have different properties :)
Questions: Since time slows under the influence of gravity, is there a baseline or "absolute" time (similar to absolute zero) which would be the speed of time in the complete absence of gravity? If so, what is that speed? Also, could time move backward in the presence of anti-gravity?
@@anjankrishna9775 Time is not the cause of gravity. Gravity is caused by the distortion of space-time, which gives changes in perceived time.
time also depends on the reference frame, so no.
@@anjankrishna9775 No. It may be linked and have it's place within relativity but it's not responsible for gravity. Time is just how we experience cause and effect... Gravity is how mass warps spacetime. This video obscenely adds confusion to the simplicity of what time is. We've known this since we gained a rough understanding of the speed of light.
And no time doesn't slow under the influence of gravity... It appears to slow to an outside observer, but whatever caused the gravity well experiences time at one second per second.
@@dahleno2014 does gravity disappear, when time disappears at the "big freeze"?
The best explanation I ever heard is that time is simply _movement_ _through_ _space_ . Think about it. The only way we can measure time is via movement, be it the hands on a clock, the passage of the sun through the sky, etc. It's why whenever they stop time in movies, everything freezes in place. Because without movement time is totally irrelevant since nothing changes and one moment is identical to the next. That's why it's inextricably linked to 3D space and physicists lump it together into 4D "spacetime".
Enjoyed this very much, have a couple of comments.
The watch placed in the refrigerator would not slow down because watches and clocks do not actually measure time. They display the number of vibrations of a cesium atom, or the flow of current, or even the slow release of spring tension. These are devices we use to cooperate with time or organize events, but they don't measure time. Until time is defined it can't really be measured.
As far as the refrigerator removing entropy and slowing time, I think you may actually have something there. I can place an apple on the counter and one in the refrigerator, and eventually the same thing will happen to both, they will rot. The one in the refrigerator, however, will take a lot more time to do so. Is the slowing of the molecules because of the heat reduction actually affecting the time? Isn't this what we use this appliance for? Worth thinking about.... :)
You got me.
and me Alex. Maybe the apple example can be explained by position (time) theory? i.e. Apple 1 is exposed to full-on exposure to bacteria and apple 2 is not so much. Well got to go, after all time marches on. LOL
slowing the molecules would mean that it would take longer for them to complete their movements. The longer it takes, the longer it takes for the apple to rot.
No
Time is something I never have enough of when I need it, and too much of when I don't.
I love thinking about things like you brought up at the end. For time to freeze like this, I think it would have to happen by the proton completely decaying. Pretty much everything being gone. This thought did bother me, it is depressing to think about! So I try to think that it could be a lot crazier then that! That when you have this perfect entropy, that while time would stop, so too would also things like scale, temperature, anything that could be measured. So that the second that time stops, you have another singularity. It wouldn't be hot, but it also wouldn't be cold either. It wouldn't be measurable.
I've thought the same, and I would like to add another idea of mine ^^ Since nothing exist anymore, neither does the scale of anything. This massive void that used to be our universe, could fit in the needle of an eye, or an atom - since there is nothing to compare to. And the slightest act of entropy in this space could act like a.... big bang. Maybe this is what happened to our universe at the start. It exploded from the "small" space of a former universe.
What do you mean, by scale, would disappear? Wouldn't the universe have space after time is gone?
Time is the expansion of the Universe...
As spacetime expands in all directions from every point, the stretching and movement of space Makes time flow forward.
Time is expanding, it's not a straight line.
You are absolutely brilliant! I really enjoy your lessons! Thank you!
"Time in your refrigerator runs forward, if you don't believe me, place a watch inside and see what happens".
Took me out totally
I tried it, and he was right.
@@Justin73791 misleading, better experiment would have been to put yourself inside the fridge and observe how time flows in that closed system? Do clocks run if they are not observers? Do dead people check their watches to see if time has passed? And if yes, what do they observe?
Albert Einstein Quotes "If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough". Well done Sir!
That's a Feynman quote
This explanation makes the idea of a multiverse so much more understandable.
The possibilities are all there at the quantum level. But we only see the one chosen in our timeline.
True... Let's not forget that it is an untested theory (very unlikely to be tested too!)
To my mind, videos on time like this one miss the most basic part of it all. It's not "why does time always flow forward?" It's "why do things change at all?" Why does change exist? What is the mechanism for change to occur? Is the Universe like a film, with each moment a frame based on the physics of the previous moment?
I would conjecture that at some level, as time passes, as changes occur, we are progressing through 'frames' of some sort, perhaps each 'frame" a different and new Universe entirely. So then a perhaps infinite series of consecutive universes, each based in the physics and entropy of the previous 'frame.'
Proverbs 8
22 The LORD created me at the beginning of his work, the first of his acts of old.
23 Ages ago I was set up, at the first, before the beginning of the earth.
24 When there were no depths I was brought forth, when there were no springs abounding with water.
25 Before the mountains had been shaped, before the hills, I was brought forth;
26 before he had made the earth with its fields, or the first of the dust of the world.
27 When he established the heavens, I was there, when he drew a circle on the face of the deep,
28 when he made firm the skies above, when he established the fountains of the deep,
29 when he assigned to the sea its limit, so that the waters might not transgress his command, when he marked out the foundations of the earth,
30 then I was beside him, like a master workman; and I was daily his delight, rejoicing before him always,
Good question and spectilation
Just in time for this Arvin great... 😁🙏
Very interesting subject (and video):
The arrow of time and its relation with entropy, and also the other topic about quantum vs classical.
A few years ago, I heard Freeman Dyson hypothesizing that the past is definite and, so, classical ( if there are records of quantum measurements outcomes), but the future is yet indefinite and, so, "quantum", and that intuition seemed to me strikingly impressive back then.
Lee Smolin elaborates on these ideas ( and he explicitly refers to these older ideas from Heisenberg, Dyson and others) and connects these with his own ideas about the fundamental nature of time.
There are also similar ideas ( about irreversibility) in some "Objective Reduction (collapse)" theories that are modifications of standard QM.
These alternative theories are testable, so in a few years we will, maybe, know more...
These are not ideas, these are words strung together. To make them into ideas, you need to formulate them the logical positivist way.
@@annaclarafenyo8185 not everything is to do with your knowledge of the same big two words.
@@ab8jeh Not everything, no. But without this foundation, you will find yourself listening to nonsense like this video and not understanding Einstein or any future scientific work. The foundation of 20th century physics is logical positivism, this is the founding philosophy that allowed the ideas to get straightened out. Once you understand the theory of meaning, you stop asking nonsense questions.
I remember once when someone named "Abian" wrote an equation "1/t + 1/log(M) = 1 abian", expressing the 'obvious' fact that the universe's mass must be decreasing because "it takes energy to push time forward".
Oh, it doesn't? Why not?
If Smolin's paper is correct, then why is the Many Worlds interpretation of Quantum Mechanics consistent? In the Many Worlds interpretation, wave functions do not collapse. I also see the idea of interference between histories as being inconsistent with the idea of the past being classical. Consider Schrodinger's cat, when the box is still unopened. If the past is strictly classical, then how can the box presently be in a superposition of states?
@@OnlyPenguian If Smolin's ideas ( or other alternatives like Penrose's or GRW " Objective / Physical collapse " theories ) are correct about the distinction between past and future ( and the definitive nature of quantum measurements' outcomes ), then the Many Worlds interpretation is on the wrong side, because, as you said, in MWI there is no physical collapse of the wavefunction, only branching of worlds when decoherence occurs.
It is still an open question which is the correct way of thinking about quantum mechanics.
By the way, the splitting of the worlds in MWI happens ( in Schrödinger's cat scenario) before an observer opens the box, because environmental decoherence happens very quickly for macroscopic systems. In the case of the " Objective reduction" theories, the collapse of the wavefunction happens, also , very quickly, so we have only one definitive outcome.
What a great video! I've been abnormally obsessed with the Big Questions and consuming everything I can find about them since Sagan's Cosmos jostled me when I was around 8. Nearly 50 years later I rarely come across something I've never heard before but Arvin dropped some huge eye openers here. How am I only just now hearing of him?? Feeling inspired now to double my efforts toward that new theory 🤣 Liked and subscribed.
Welcome aboard my friend? I share your obsession!
Great video Arvin, but none of this explains time. Because now, we have to explain "why does the universe go from Quantum to Classical?" Or "why does information increase?" It's all just a wordplay...we still have zero idea why things go one way, and it's likely that we will never know, since we are contained within the system.
Still, great video, and obviously I don't expect you to explain time (that would be the single greatest achievement in human history)
Hello, my friend, your assumption that we will never know what Time is, is not correct. There is an explanation of Time in my book - "Theory of Everything in Physics and The Universe"
@@valentinmalinov8424 ok Valentin. Pardon me for being critical, but I highly doubt you've solved time. Maybe post an excerpt in this comment section and we can go from there.
@@kidzbop38isstraightfire92 I am not trying to convince anybody. To judge before reading is not a wise approach. Regards
Why does the universe go from quantum to classical, and why does information increase? The million dollar question(s)!
Kind of like the old chestnut: “what causes the wave function to collapse”?
I believe there is a parsimonious explanation, a most likely culprit, but as the supercomputer, Deep Thought, said in The Hitchhiker‘s Guide to the Galaxy concerning the answer to life, the universe, and everything - “you’re not going to like it”.
(I am of course referring to consciousness, or mind - which also happen to be information processors and storage devices.)
Just some food for thought.
I’ve watched quite a number of interviews of people that have had near death experiences and they all say that time does not exist on the ‘other side’. I’ve been trying to figure out why and this video offers a possible explanation. If entropy causes time then the reason there is no time on the other side is because there is no entropy, I.e. no second law of thermodynamics. Nothing decays. Disorder can’t exist. Everything is in perfect order. The material world was designed to include entropy, therefore time. I know this is outside of orthodox physics, but I think it’s a possibility.
Problem is Bill, nothing in our universe can break the second law of thermodynamics. If we assume that there's life after death, and in this place there is no entropy, then the only logical conclusion that I can think is that this place is not in our universe. If a person believes that God created everything...well he created the second law of thermodynamics too and made it universal.
That's why they're not limited in space either. Think it, and there you are.
Loved how you explain things!! obviously there was a time on this planet where we did not exist and time progressed until we did exist so I think if we were not here it would continue to progress. Thanks again thanks for what you do!
Time existed before the universe and it will exist long after the last atom fizzles out of existence. Time is not a thing. It is a unit of measurement. It can no more be created or destroyed than the concept of the number zero. We name these concepts in our various languages and attempt to define them but they were always there and always will be.
@@K162KingPin Excellent answer.
Food for thought : If I keep a watch correctly inside a refrigerator, it will stop, in 2 ways. One if it's correctly cooled, the chaos (a spring or battery) will eventually stop functioning. 2.it will be cut off from external supply of energy (battery change, charging, winding) will stop.
This sounds like a well-described interpretation of "Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once".
True. At the instant of the big bang, everything did happen at once and in the same place. Space-time started during the inflationary stage and ever since, things have become too far apart to influence each other.
Time is nature's way to filter reality, so that our brains can process it.
@@BritishBeachcomber I think the point is that everything does happen at once... The whole program in every possible variation exists. Time is what emerges within the computation and is just as much an illusion as the infinite mathematical space that contains it
Time is an illusion perpetrated by the manufacturers of space.
Please, read my comments on this video on Hawthorne Hill Nature Preserve comment or just look up other comments on this channel, and my comments on ScienceClic English's channel and on channel Doughtinator 's vid f1 red bull vs rc car. Very cool. It is amazing. I solved this stuff and created scifi movie idea, Psy V Cy aka psychics vs cyborgs.
Hello Arvin, your videos are always amazing.
I have one doubt, that you said that there is 0 possibility of getting all red atoms at one side and all blue atoms at another side, but if we only take one red atom and only one blue atom, so there is possibility of getting one blue atom at one side and one red atom at another side, so can we say that only entropy can be reversed?? Please clear my doubt.
It was just an example. His example didn't contemplate only 1 atom of each color as that wouldn't represent the universe.
He did say at the beginning that time seems reversible on the quantum scale (such as your example of two atoms), but irreversible on the macro scale.
Wouldn’t entropy be unchanged in this case? The positions of the atoms change, but the system can still be described with the same amount of information.
Once again a thought provoking subject Arvin. Wow, my mind is rushing through all the possibilies.
I watch Arvin videos before sleeping 😌 It helps me to sleep fast and very calmly 😴
I believe time is nothing more than our observation and perception of the relative rates at which natural processes occur.
I have a similar thought. Time is simply measured change.
Time seems to exist even outside of our obervations. Time predates us, and it seems to keep going forward after we leave. And time bends and stretches with energy and mass, so I don't seem to be able to connect observation with it when it behaves so independently of us.
wow, this is a new way for me to see time. Would combining this with the holographic principle make sence? The surface of the universe and so it's volume increases, resulting in the expanding universe, because there needs to be more for the information to be stored?
nice idea
Yes, I currently think that the holographic principle and the arrow of time may well be related.
(I commented on a previous video of Arvin’s saying that I believe that the passage of time arises alongside the creation of information, and, after not checking back for a few weeks, I now see he’s done a video on it.
I can’t remember the name of the original video where I posted my comments, so I’ll mention it or link to it here later after I’ve found it).
The expansion of space with the passage of time could be related to the amount of entropy/information stored on the surface area of a black hole, which grows in size with increasing entropy.
Nice catch!
Entropy might be an illusion though.
Fun, interesting, thought provoking. Thank you! Is entropy the reason I sometimes have one less sock after doing laundry?
Pin them together before you throw them into the wash.
Information is never destroyed.... neither the socks. So your socks are probably inside a black hole somewhere.
Fascinating! Your Conjectures are amazingly logical, a true scientific philosopher.
Speaking of entropy, I've never heard a convincing explanation as to how a universe that is always moving towards higher entropy (chaos/disorder) would be capable of spontaneously creating us highly ordered, sapient organisms. Life seems to defy this rule, no?
All ordered systems here on earth are countered by disorder of the sun
very very good q.
Thank you Joseph! - I am glad it's not just me. According to the model, the universe began as a totally unstructured soup of quarks and radiation - there is no higher entropy imaginable than that. The formation of the first nuclei meant a massive decrease in entropy. Life seems to defy this rule, as you say, but bear in mind that all life must eat. It turns other, highly ordered life into - well - something much less ordered. So overall, entropy grows if you "zoom out" a little and look at you and your food together. No one denies you can make things tidy by investing some energy. It is the energy from the food which keeps your body going.
The same can not be said about the very early universe. There is no "outside" that could get more disorderly while the first atomic nuclei form. There is no energy that could be extracted from anything (like your body extracting energy from food), as the energy was just "useless" radiation
Thus, as the universe began in a state of maximum entropy (the "gluon soup" as it is even called in the standard model) it could never have produced atoms, let alone stars.
From my pov, we are a form of the chaos and disorder of physics. It's a biological illusion that our actions are separate from nature of the world.
Clouds can be look like a cat, nuclear explosions can look like mushrooms, and the chaotic interaction of particles and energy can look like life pondering itself.
Have you ever seen the videos of vibrating sand making shapes? Sorta like that. Everything, including us, is the weird pattern shapes, a natural result of the rules that, with the addition of consciousness (itself a pattern), we can conceive it as something different or separate from a natural result of the rules.
But really it's just the universe happening and at certain angles of where it happens we have cool little patterns of happenings that we call stars, planets, light, rocks, and ourselves.
@@davannaleah The sun is one of the most orderly bodies in the solar system...so much so that we can predict it's behavior.
Time is motion regardless of the direction of entropy. Time is the momentum of the universe. In order to reverse time, you would have to separate yourself from that momentum and un-motion everything outside your bubble. Think of it like watching a movie. Stoping the movie would be stopping time, a total lack of motion. In order to reverse time, you would reverse the movie (un-motion). But that’s just the way I see it.
As he explains, we can un-motion particles by freezing. Motion or un-motion is a false analogy to time.
@@UmVtCg Freezing does not stop motion; it only slows down movement. I’m defining “un-motion” as a complete reversal of all movement in all particles. As in, going from its completed state to its beginning state. Everything nearby would also need to follow the same flow or detonate due to the impact of particles still following the forward flow of time.
Very interesting video. I wonder if there are any immaterialist theories about time out there. Or perhaps a theory that absolutely every possibility within the dimension of time, exists in an infinite quantity of "universes."
I love the gangster Arvin look. Representing Physics like a boss😎
Fractals could be a really good description of time. And many other aspects of reality as well as things found in nature. It's possible that time is fractal in behavior because it follows patterns broken down into smaller versions of itself. For instance, we are able to break it down into smaller and smaller units of Time for instance an hour is 60 minutes, a minute is 60 seconds, etc. It's a weird thing to describe as fractal because it can't be seen physically but it's felt and monitored. Other aspects would be how motion in time is just like a video. Frames of time one after the other, making one collective flow of universal actions & occurrences, and those actions/occurrences collectively become smooth dynamic motions of time as we experience it in a linear way. Our behaviors are fractal in nature, we pick up habits and then those habits become regular patterns in our lives, we got to the same locations at the same times (work/hobbies/business, etc) it may be a little different each time but the occurrences are usually the same. You follow the same behaviors. Consciousness could also be fractal, we naturally interpret fractals in nature and that could be why we find them so fascinating. We have physical structures within us that are fractal. For instance, in the lungs, nerve branches, blood vessel branches, our heartbeat is fractal. It beats so many times in a given amount of time 1 minute for instance but follows the same sequences and beat delay patterns. The only time our heart doesn't beat in a fractal way is when there is an issue with it. For instance irregular heartbeats, cardiac arrest, etc. It might sound bizarre but think into it a bit it kinda makes a lot of sense
Yes god is infinite and fractal in nature i agree with you
@@amandaclaireon4065 For sure!
Please follow the math very carefully!!!! And try out the ventruvian man formula yourself at the end!!!
They say the Mayan long count is 5200 years or 1,872,000 days but is actually 7200 years or 2,592,000 days. When we subtract the two we have 2000 years or 720,000 days. 72 is the number of completion. They started time over at 5200 years which was the year 0 AD. The last 2000 years they put on a special deceptive calendar to confuse mankind and the times of the end.
They claim we run a gregorian calendar but when we do the math of 60 minutes per hour at 24 hours a day we get 1,440 minutes per day, 10,080 minutes per week and at 52 weeks we get 524,160 minutes.
The solar cycle is exactly 360 days. With lunar cycles every 30 days exactly. 360 is a complete circle and a complete cycle.
At 80 minutes per hour with an 18 hour clock day we also get 1,440 minutes per day, same as the gregorian calendar. But at 5 day weeks we get 7,200 minutes per week, and with a 72 week year we get 518,400 minutes.
Take the 524,160 minutes from current time calendar minus the 518,400 minutes from the real solar cycle calendar of 360, exactly, we have 5,760 minutes added every year based on the currently ran calendar, which is 72 hours extra added every year.
So 72 hours added every year for 2000 years is 144,000 hours or 8,000 days extra at the real solar cycle of 360 days and 80 minute 18 hour days.. However it is an additional 88 days for the 22 years we are currently about to be in 2022 AD. Which is 8,088 days.
When we take 8,088 days and subtract 7200 days ( which is 20 years) we have 888 days left. Then subtract 720 days (which is the 2 years) we have 168 days left. Take 168 days (still on true solar cycle of 18 hour 80 minute days, 5 day week, 72 week year) and multiple by 18 hours to get 3024 hours. Divide by 24 hours (because we need to figure the days on current ran calendar) we get 126 days. Now we also must subtract 24 hours or a day from 1/3 of a year passed from the extra time added. Leaving 125 days. So 125 days from January 1st 2022AD is May 5th, 2022AD......which is also the true year 2000, the true y2k. The true end of the Mayan long count and the world.
And if you take the vatruvian man's 72/27 and apply it to every 15 degrees you will move up 40 numbers every time.
15 degrees x72 ÷ 27 = 40
30 x72 ÷ 27 = 80
45 x72 ÷27 =120
60 x72 ÷27 =160
75 x72 ÷27= 200
90 x72 ÷27= 240
105 x72 ÷27= 300
2700 x72 ÷27=7200
Etc all the way up
The collatz conjecture is 3x+1÷2 and goes hand in hand with 27/72 vetruvian man. It shows steps for doubling each angle also. Example... 15 degrees takes 17 collatz steps to get to 1, to the 4,2,1 loop. Each angle of degree that you double you just add one step. 60 degrees 18 steps. 120 degrees 19 steps, etc. This holds true for each sequence. It ties in with vetruvian man.
If you start at 15 degrees and add 30 degrees each time starting a new column where the number can be doubled all the way up without any other number on that line. Example...
15/30/60/120/240/480
45/90/180/360/720/1440
75/150/300/600/1200/2400
105/210/420/840/1680/3360
40 also happens to go into 1440 minutes (our daily minutes)36 times, which are how many time segments fit into 1440 minutes per day, as follows...
Also there are 36 different segments of time in the 1440 min per day.
1 hour @1440 min
2 hours @720 min
3 hours@480 min
4 hours@360 min
5 hours@288 min
6 hours@240 min
8 hours@180 min
9 hours@160 min
10 hours@144 min
12 hours@120 min
15 hours@96 min
16 hours@90 min
18 hours@80 min
20 hours@72 min
24 hours@60 min
30 hours@48 min
32 hours@45 min
36 hours@40 min
40 hours@36 min
45 hours@32 min
48 hours@30 min
60 hours@24 min
72 hours@20 min
80 hours@18 min
90 hours@16 min
96 hours@15 min
120 hours@12 min
144 hours@10 min
160 hours@9 min
180 hours@8 min
240 hours@6 min
288 hours@5 min
360 hours@4 min
480 hours@3 min
720 hours@2 min
1440 hours@1 min
These are the different ran clocks all on the same "master clock" so each world has 1440 minutes per day. This proves a building block of life and creationism (God). When it's shown on a directed graph it even looks like the tree of life..
1 minute=60 seconds
1 hour= 60 minutes or 3600 seconds
1 day=24 hours, 1440 min, or 86,400 sec
1 week=5 days, 120 hrs, 7200 min, 432,000 seconds
1 month=6 weeks, 30 days, 720 hours, 43,200 min, or 2,592,000 sec
1 year=12 months, 72 weeks, 360 days, 8640 hours, 518,000 minutes, 31,104,000 seconds
1 divine year=360 years, 4320 months, 25920 weeks, 129,600 days, 3,110,400 hrs
-1 Decan (Tetrahedron degrees720)= 2 divine years, 720 years, 8640 months, 51,840 weeks, 259,000 days
-2 Decan(Octahedron 1140degrees)= 4 divine years, 1440 years, 17,280 months, 103,680 weeks, 518,000 days
-3 Decans(Hexahedron 2160degrees)=6 divine years, 2160 years
-Saros Cycle(Icosohedron 3600degrees)= 10 divine years, 3600 years
-3 Platonic Months(Dodecahedron 6480 degrees)=18 divine years, 6480 years
-6 Platonic Months=36 divine years, 12960 years
-12 Platonic Months=72 divine years or 25,920 years ( 1 Great Year)
(1%)Sandhya=100 divine years or 36,000 years
(8%)kali= 1000 divine years or 360,000 years
(1%)Sandhyamsa=100 divine years
Total= (10%) 1200 divine years or 432,000 years
(2%)Sandhya= 200 divine years or 72,000 years
(16%)DWAPARA= 2000 divine years or 720,000 years
(2%)Sandhyamsa= 200 divine years or 72,000 years
Total= (20%) 2400 divine years or 864,000 years
(3%) Sandhya= 300 divine years or 108,000 years
(24%) TRETA= 3,000 divine years or 1,080,000 years
(3%)Sandhyamsa= 300 divine years or 108,000 years
Total= (30%) 3600 divine years or 1,296,000 years
(4%)Sandhya= 400 divine years or 144,000 years
(32%)SATYA= 4,000 divine years or 1,440,000 years
(4%)Sandhyamsa= 400 divine years or 144,000 years
Total=(40%) 4,800 divine years or 1,728,000 years
Grand total= 12,000 divine years or 4,320,000 years.
4,320,000 seconds= 72,000 min
4,320,000 minutes= 72,000 hours
4,320,000 hours= 180,000 days
4,320,000 days= 864,000 weeks
4,320,000 days= 144,000 months
4,320,000 weeks= 720,000 months
4,320,000 weeks= 60,000 years
4,320,000 months= 360,000 years
4,320,000 years= 12,000 divine years
2,592,000 sec= 43,200 min
2,592,000 min= 43,200 hours
2,592,000 hours= 108,000 days
2,592,000 days= 518,400 weeks
2,592,000 days= 86,400 months
2,592,000 weeks= 432,000 months
2,592,000 months= 216,000 years
2,592,000 years= 7,200 divine years
2,592,000 years= 1,000 Great Years
The list goes on and on for the number sequencing and times/degrees of angles. Not to mention nearly every single is divisible by 72, 27, and 12.
I hope someone got something out of this. Have a great day guys.
Hello Arvin! great video as always, i keep coming back to it. I was wondering, if entropy is caused by time, how does gravity affect entropy?
Gravity does not directly affect entropy. But gravity could affect it indirectly, for example if a falling body through the air increases temperature due to friction, this could increase entropy.
@@ArvinAsh as the general reletivity says that that time gets slower closer to gravitational pull...so does the entropy also gets slower closer to gravitational pull
@@ArvinAsh time is directly affected by gravity correct? Perhaps the answer lies with a full understanding of how gravity works.
@@darenmiller2218 yeah bro that's why quantum gravity will forever be solved on a classified level and simultaneously always be unsolved on a commercial level. As much power is wielded by this understanding to those who host such. They can literally manipulate any point of time and nobody would ever know.
There's more entropy in my brain since I watched this video...
correct!
This video is amazing! The best I've seen talking about Time
Is time really mysterious and undefined? Isn't it just a measurement comparing rates of change, or can be considered a dimension akin to the spatial three? The interesting question would seem to be - why do we experience it sequentially?
To say that the present we live in is where the probabilistic future becomes the known past seems to say nothing that is not obvious.
What I got out of the video is that the answer to the question of why we experience time sequentially, is because we are made of matter and energy and are subjected to the same principles of entropy as the rest of the universe. Our perception of time and space is also affected by entropy, because our perception is derived from a mind/brain that is entropic. I guess my interpretation means that the past doesn't exist. It's a concept that exists purely in a figurative sense due to our remarkable ability to store information in our brains that allow us to remember what previous "presents" were like, and despite any advanced in technology or physics, we would never be able to reverse the progression of entropy, as doing so would require at least slightly more energy then exists in the entire universe.
@@KrossFire330 I have heard that we can only remember the past, not the future, due to the increase of entropy. This seems quite understandable but does it necessarily follow that we must experience time sequentially?
I'm not sure what you mean by the past not existing. How do you define existence?
I think when i started to learn more about GR it becomes more mysterious & puzzling to me.
why do we experience it sequentially ? Because we only tune it to the signals that support our concept of time. We are programed to see things that way. We all share a common view of reality.
Science fiction writers have tried to tell us this through imaginary inventions like the time machine. They are trying to tell us that it is all happening at once
Yes! Thank you. Clocks are just physical mechanisms whose changes we use as a reference to gauge other changes. Even the NIST time std cesium clock is just a natural oscillating instrument that provides more precision to the comparison of physical changes. Its “reference“ started with planetary ephemerides.
Instead of gases, how about water and oil. Mix, increase entropy, then they separate again, entropy decreased. I know entropy over all still increases, but is there anything in time that can ‘mix / unmix’ like this? While the total entropy experiences an increase, there’s a very high level of entropy (when they’re mixed0 that experiences some small reversal when they separate.
Uhm, gravity (and mass) always seemed to me as a force that kind of opposes entropy and time. Even if you consider relativistic effects, or perhaps especially then. Btw, gases get separated by gravity as well. Speaking about opposing entropy, there is also the Maxwell's demon issue. It is not really related to gravity, but you may want to check it out.
@@WhitefirePL but the demon has to consciously decide to open the door and activate some kind of mechanism, thereby using energy and performing work. It's unsatisfactory to say that the demon as well as the door is massless because a massless entity capable of thought, as far as we know, doesn't exist in the material universe
@@arsemyth8920 Well, yes. As far as I know, the demon is just a thought experiment. Still, instead of the door and a mechanism you could image some sort of filter which does not need constant reactivation. Gravitational pressure seems to work this way, at least when other processes do not get in a way (which they do, more often then not).
So this is where the definitions given in this video absolutely fall apart. So firstly you have to separate the two things that are happening. Everything that happens ever gives an increase in entropy yes. So the act of mixing is allowed as you have increased the entropy. The act of unmixing actually does increase the entropy: the reason they separate is because entropy of THE SYSTEM is larger (or the two separate systems together that is) compared to when they are mixed. Consider the following:
dG = dH -TdS. G is Gibbs free energy and relates to the entropy of the universe such that dS(universe) = -dG/T so this implies for a process to occur, the Gibbs free energy change must be negative. Think of it as a mathematical way of considering the enthalpy and entropy of a system together, because the enthalpy impacts the overall entropy as well.
So what about the other two terms? dH can be seen as the enthalpy of interaction of the water-water, oil-oil and water-oil molecular interactions. T is of course temperature and dS is the change in entropy of the system. This entropy part is a bit harder to imagine, but it is essentially to do with the number of particles and the process of interaction. The entropy of a system is simply the statistical consequence of distributing particles amongst quantised energy levels. If you have more particles, you have more entropy (as there are more ways of distributing more particles for a given energy). So the process of binding and unbinding molecules in the "mixtures" affects the entropy. This is very complicated for a youtube comment so ignore the entropy component for now.
In water and oil, the water-water interactions are MUCH MUCH stronger than the water-oil interactions. This is because of hydrogen bonding mostly. This means by mixing the water and oil, the enthalpic term is not as large and the overall entropy of the system is reduced (again, this is not going against the second law, because the act of mixing put energy into the system to increase the overall entropy change). As a result, the water and oil will separate out, allowing these favourable interactions to be set up so that the entropy of the individual systems is larger.
Note, this is incredibly, incredibly simplified. The enthalpy term here is explained, but the entropy includes effects such as desolvation, conformational energies/entropies (molecules will have rotational entropy levels as well), association/dissociation and number of particles. This is also assuming temperature is constant.
Source: undergraduate chemist at the university of cambridge
"[W]hat Dyson has in mind is a revision of the Copenhagen formulation in which there remains the two complementary realms, quantum and classical, but the boundary between them is moved from microscopic versus macroscopic to instead divide the future from the past."
In the immortal words of Steve Miller, time keeps on slippin', slippin', slippin' into the future.
Amazing video first Rime I hear about The link between time and entropy amazing thanks for the knowledge clever point of view
It is great for Arvin to point out the paper which interpret the past as the collapse of the wavefunction. This is a great point of view that link QM to entropy. Recall that the Schrodinger cat is both dead/alive before we see it, the moment we open the box, is the moment that time within the box catches up to our time. Hence there is no universal time in the universe. Everything come together.
Time equals the manifestation of all possibilities then?
I can't help it. But something within me tells me time is an illusion in our 3d perspective.
Great video as always 🙌
Me too
If there no motion in the universe then there would be no time.
When we're measuring days, weeks and months, we're just measuring the movement of celestial bodies. Time is a useful illusion.
I’d say time is emergent that doesn’t necessarily mean it is an illusion
So in 2d or 4d perspective there is no illusion. Or can you even explain other perspective to deduce illusion is only in 3d perspective.
Time could be going backward for all we know. It could stop entirely, then start again, but if we're inside the space-time continuum, then how could we possibly perceive it.
not possible, what we know as "the big bang" is the result of an explosion in a vacuum. What we measure as "time" is the movement created as a result of that explosion. In order for time to go backward, the explosion that started time would have to be reversed. Every molecule in existence would have to return in the same order and place it started, and since entropy occurs naturally, this can never happen. Living cells grow and die. This cannot be reversed. Time is and always will be a one way trip. Time is not a thing that can be manipulated.
Isn't it the case that we define 'forwards' in time as the way we experience it. So, as you say, this could be some convoluted path through n dimensions of spacetime for all we know.
@@SteveTylerHG I don't think so, I'm not an astrophysicist so I haven't done the math, but from my humble point of view, our experience has nothing to do with it. If a tree falls in the forest it certainly does make a sound. Just because no one was there to observe it is irrelevant. Even after I am dead the earth will rotate on it's axis and fly around the sun. What does my experience or ability to observe anything have to do with it?
@@jakemiller7682 Why is one direction in time called 'forwards'? It is surely simply the order that we experience events.
@@SteveTylerHG that doesn't make sense. What I'm trying to explain is the events that we experience has nothing to do with time. Time went on eternally before men evolved and it will continue eternally afterward. Our experience is irrelevant. I believe that if time stopped as Mickey Garcia says it, we would all die. We would not experience anything for very long. There is a series of events that have to occur in order for us to live and there are infinitely more events happening outside of our own existence that we are literally of no consequence. As far as I can tell, the space time continuum is one directional. It's a natural law. I don' think it can be modified or edited by any force. There is no force large enough to do so, at least not that has been discovered.
Black holes are not easy to study so who knows what effect they might have if given enough time. I wonder sometimes if the big bang wasn't a result of a singularity reaching a point of ignition but I'm sure if that did happen in our universe, it will also mean the end of all life so we wouldn't be able to experience that either, taking notes as our solar system is blown to dust. But even that would only be a moment in time never-ending. But what we call time (or the measurement of it) is a simple measurement of movement. We could call it whatever we want but what we do, think or experience of it really means nothing in the grand scheme of things.
'Time' is a fictional artifact constructed by 'perception', in conjunction with 'frequencies' juxtaposed by universe i.e., 'matter'
Mind over matter = time