Saponification: Making of Soap || Chemical Reactions || chemistry 10th class

Saponification Reaction in General:
Saponification = Ester + Water + Base Soap (Sodium or Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids) + Alcohol
During a saponification reaction, the ester group reacts with water and base (mostly NaOH) to form carboxylate ions and alcohol. The carboxylate ion is converted to carboxylic acid. Saponification is named after the fact that soap has long been made by the hydrolysis of fats (esters).
Reaction to Saponification (in detail)
The saponification reaction involves the reaction of sodium or potassium hydroxides with triglycerides (esters) to produce glycerol (alcohol) and potassium or sodium fatty acid salts. Soaps are the fatty acid salts of potassium or sodium.
The Mechanism of Saponification
The saponification reaction mechanism consists of three steps:
Step one
Hydroxide ion nucleophilic attack: The nucleophile hydroxide ion attacks the ester group and forms an orthoester.
Step two
The leaving group, i.e., alkoxide, is removed, and the orthoester splits into a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) and an alkoxide group.
Step three
Deprotonation: Alcohol and carboxylate ions are formed when carboxylic acid and alkoxide deprotonate.
Saponification value
Saponification value, also known as saponification number, is the amount of base required to saponify one gramme of fat under specific conditions. It's written in terms of KOH or NaOH. It denotes the amount of KOH or NaOH used in saponification expressed in milligrams.

[@samajsevasociety2606]

Nyc presentation gud

[@aqsaa.02]

Ayeee hyeeee💐

[@Sheikh.Sibtain]

🫧👐

[@Fokats11]

@Sheikh.Sibtain. ❤❤