Why Did The Earth Totally Freeze For 100 Million Years?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 พ.ค. 2024
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Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza
Snowball Earth image by Oleg Kuznetsov - 3depix - 3depix.com/ • CC BY-SA 4.0
If you like our videos, check out Leila's TH-cam channel:
/ @somethingincredible
Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist, stock footage from Videoblocks.
Image Credits:
Earth during Last Glacial Maximum By Ittiz - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
James St John Tillite Rocks
Banded Iron Formations
Tillite Victoria Australia By Rexness from Melbourne, Australia - Permian sandstone with tillite deposits, Werribee Gorge State Park, Victoria Australia, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Dropstone By Eurico Zimbres, CC BY-SA 2.5, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Kent G. Budge - Dropstone within pyroclastic bed in the wall of Kilbourne Hole, Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument, New Mexico, United States
Glacial striations By Walter Siegmund - Own work, CC BY 2.5, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Varve Andreas Steinhoff, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons
Permafrost thawing By NPS Climate Change Response - Thawing permafrost, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Permafrost By Boris Radosavljevic - www.flickr.com/photos/1399185..., CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Cryoconite By Ville Miettinen from Helsinki, Finland - Crevasse, CC BY 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Cryoconote by By Kertu Liis Krigul - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
00:00 Introduction
05:33 Mystery Glaciers
17:00 Snowball Earth
27:22 How?
39:23 Escape
![ถ้าเธอไม่รักทำไมไม่บอกฉัน - PAPER [ Musicvideo ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pfeBhDda7m4/mqdefault.jpg)
REFERENCES:
news.mit.edu/2020/sunlight-triggered-snowball-earths-ice-ages-0729
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rsbm.1960.0011
www.snowballearth.org/capcarbs.html
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/43/5/459/131888/A-Cryogenian-chronology-Two-long-lasting?redirectedFrom=fulltext
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/44/11/955/195128/Dodging-snowballs-Geochronology-of-the-Gaskiers?redirectedFrom=fulltext
www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/how-feedback-loops-are-making-climate-crisis-worse
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gssa/sajg/article-abstract/115/1/91/141382/NATURE-AND-EXTENT-OF-A-LATE-EDIACARAN-CA-547-MA?redirectedFrom=fulltext
www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.735020/full
www2.palomar.edu/anthro/homo2/mod_homo_5.htm
www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/lasc/hd_lasc.htm#:~:text=In%20the%20absence%20of%20natural,black%2C%20brown%2C%20and%20violet.
web.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/magnetofossil.html
maglab.caltech.edu/
web.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/pdfs/Kirschvink_Iron_Man_Barinaga92.pdf
web.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/kirschvink.html
link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0024490209010064
gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH004645%2F1
theconversation.com/how-many-ice-ages-has-the-earth-had-and-could-humans-live-through-one-179360
sruk.org.uk/the-dating-game-how-do-we-know-the-age-of-palaeolithic-cave-art/
www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/how-feedback-loops-are-making-climate-crisis-worse
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Hello, really like your videos. You manage to make your purely prosaic descriptions of these ancient geological events almost feel like poetry at times, which is really appreciated.
I'll keep it short, but an interesting sidenote. Acc. to the report at the end of this comment, the Earth almost entered a snowball-state at the start of the Permian at 299 mya. The carbondioxide in the atmosphere had been drawn down due to the vegetation in the Carboniferous swamps, I think, and the global average temperature was at ca. 1.4 degrees C (the punctuation is not a mistake).
The article: www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1712062114
thanks so much for the fantastic video. no exaggeration
IPCC Report = Matane under the is will lead to no longtime global warning, maybe 🤔 Read the real science? The ground under the is a +C storage ice the ground, more C is put in the ground then is emitted to the atmosphere.
@@TheThrivingTherapsid Interesting, thanks for the share.
G.K. Chesterton suggested that the cave paintings might have been decorations created to delight the children of the tribe who used the cave as a nursery for young children forced to stay indoors through the long, bitter winters. I like that about Chesterton. He had a gift for pointing out the possible similarities between ancient peoples and modern humanity, instead of highlighting their differences.
Explain why many cave paintings are WAY back in the cave...WAY back. There's no evidence of there being any fires to provide light. So...how...and why did they do it?
@@johnbaldwin2948torches! There’s evidence that many cave paintings were intended to be viewed by torch light specifically
??? Indoors? We lived in caves FFS!
@@user-sj2hi5fn4m Firstly, we all know what he means by "indoors". Secondly, we didn't live much in caves. We lived mainly in other buildings but only the caves have survived.
@@usernamename2978This is, must!, be true - there were many, many more people than there are caves. Living in a cave probably was a huge status symbol in a cutthroat era.
You literally make nat geo quality videos. You do it with almost no budget no huge team and no army of editors. It’s astonishing. You’re sitting on a lot of money and happiness with those skills.
He has a voice as smooth as butter on toast - that is all one needs to be a true documentarian
These are better than nat geo!!
No budget? He makes bank judging by the views his videos get
@@alextrebek6101 Socialblade estimates from $2600 to $42000 per YEAR based on views.
@@filonin2 so, anywhere from abysmal to not that much.
Minor correction at 17:55: it is probable that Saturn's rings had not yet formed 700 million years ago. They are thought to be only 100 million years old.
We actually have no idea how old they are yet. Estimates range from a billion years to 100 million years. to actually date the rings, we would need further missions to Saturn.
@@depressed_plants1841 *probable
Rings are unstable , gravity driven , do you remember Skylab ? Fell into the Indian ocean over by the South Pacific , ..it's cost energy to stay in orbit...Saturns rings are fresh...the gaps are older , and the big or dense chunks are gone , flung out or captured by wayward gravity's...
Never mind about Earth sitting in the Goldilocks Zone in it's orbit around the Sun, it would seem to be more like a Goldilocks Knife Edge tipping between Snowball Earth and a runaway Greenhouse Earth.
This would in turn promote the Rare Earth hypothesis and Enrico Fermi's paradox would be seen as being more profound.
Combine that with the length of time between Earth's formation and the dawn of human civilisation since the last glacial maximum and the odds of a species surviving and evolving to create nn advanced civilisation appearing anywhere become vanishingly small.
To clear up a common misconception about comets at 17:35, comets do not actually leave a "tail" behind them as they travel. In the vacuum of space there is no atmospheric drag. When astronauts conduct a space walk, their ship does not zoom ahead and leave them trailing behind. Solar radiation from a nearby star sublimates (defrosts) the comet's frozen surface, and those sublimating particles are pushed in the same direction as the solar radiation. So the direction of the tail is entirely independent of the comet's trajectory.
Yes, similar to how a solar sail works. It’s the radiation pressure that causes the movement relative to the original object.
does this mean that the "tail" can be in the same direction as the comet is moving?
@@isellcrack3537 yes, the tail always points away from the star, so when the comet is travelling away from the star, the tail would be pointing in roughly the same direction, although since the orbits are elliptical, probably not exactly the same direction.
We call that process that you explained in detail a "tail". So yes, they do have a tail and that is what we see from earth.
@@amrcombs Yes of course. My point was that comets do not normally leave a trail of matter behind them as depicted in the 17:35 mark. Without solar radiation from a nearby star, there is no tail.
History of the Earth videos are drop everything and watch asap.
Just amazing!
And ALL this knowledge with an incredible format, at any time, almost anywhere
No Wonder why big media companies are so desperated for control and regulation
Exactly I just stopped in mid of other vid and jumped right in. Amazing series
👍👍
History of the Universe as well!
That's a strange way to look at the topic of History which is going to be there forever 🤷♂️
Haha quickly come learn about the 14th renaissance before your ability to do so expires
Because someone left the fridge door open.
I thought it was because global warming had not been invented yet...
The flaw in Budyko's model is that there is no hydrologic cycle. He can't be blamed for this. He had 1969 computer technology to work with, and he had to make many simplifications. What would really have happened with a 1.6% reduction of the solar constant is that some areas would remain ice-free because sublimation exceeded snowfall and deposition, so even with low temperatures, areas of the earth would have low albedo, and this would be the reversal mechanism once solar radiation increased again.
I remember reading in the awesome kids' science magazine Muse about the Snowball Earth era when it was a relatively new theory. The notion of an earth frozen over from pole to pole has haunted my dreams ever since...
Such a vision is both awesome and frightening. A glistening, sparkling ball of white floating in the blackness of space. It is almost impossible for many human minds to contemplate such a world. Yet that world was reality--several times.
Many, many such worlds all throughout space right now. Soon imagination won't be necessary.
"Thunder always happens when it's raining..."
@@rockdesertsun8246 Players only love you when they're playing
@@harrietharlow9929 think Europa....
In france we pronounce "Lassko" when talking about this place (the Lascaux cave / les grottes de Lascaux)
Not a critic .. just to add precision for those interested !
❤ love the channel
2 episodes in a few days is a real treat! Thanks!
The other video is in fact in the "history of the universe" sister channel.
Love both equally!
Thanks for improving our pronouncing of French words. It is appreciated!.
I noticed that immediately. Why does he say lassoh? How could you include the Lascaux cave without knowing how to pronounce it?
@@ToutCQJM i paused the video 1 minute in to comment on that error. had thought it was a new place i wasn't familiar with until the narration said in France.
You're on the internet, it's owned by America.
Beautifully photographed and meticulously edited and narrated ... a terrific presentation. Thank you.
Stock footage.
There is an area in the south of Western Australia which is like the Bermuda triangle. Compass readings are incorrect . The Navy used to use landmarks for navigation . Radio waves are also affected. Rocks with obvious signs of iron show readings of directions are completely different from the current magnetic poles. It is so interesting and I believe that it's very important.
Interesting
I love love love that people who are technical experts put their corrections in the comments so that I can look things up if I want and I get to learn. The fact that we can get 50 min vids with a handful of corrections is pretty impressive.
Who's fact checking those corrections?
I hope it ain't Dorsey & Zucker.
I hate hate hate that legitimate criticism are being shadow-banned.
@@savage22bolt32 Everyone for himself. A correction in the comments section is primarily a hint there could be something factually wrong with the content of the video. If that occurs and I don't know anything about the subject I check Wikipedia at first and then the scientific sources they provide. After that I have a pretty good picture if it has any merits what the commentator was saying or if there's a conspiracy peddler spreading his BS.
@@7inrain my comment was a flippant joke, but I see you put some thought into yours.
I have found Wikipedia to be a good place to look for answers. Today in the media, we have two extremes that are way too extreme. Back in the day, Walter Cronkite was pretty liberal, but he was good about giving us the news, not the talking points or his opinion.
BTW:
How fast do you have to drive in the rain, while driving a 7 with the top down, and not get wet?
(Used to be about 35 MPH in my '68 Camaro convertible)
@@savage22bolt32 _"my comment was a flippant joke"_
Fair enough.
My Seven doesn't have a windscreen, only a wind deflector so when it rains a bit more heavily I get wet anyway. I also don't have a top because in its former life it was a racecar and it still has the big rollcage and not the usual rollbar.
With your Camaro - my neighbour had one too but it must have been from the 70s and not the 60s. American muscle cars were quite rare here in Europe at that time and mostly Corvettes. Nowadays they are a lot more common. The local dealer here must have sold a good bunch of Mustangs as I see them all the time.
Here we go again. 1) The Neoproterozoic is an era not a period. 2) The Huronian is a Supergroup of rocks, not a geologic time. 3) It also was not glaciated for 300 million years! That's not even in debate. I know you all got that from a Wikipedia article, which was so wrong. I corrected it and your all still parroting it. Yes. The Huronian contains diamictite. Bit it's about 11% of the total rock. The vast majority is a normal passive margin sequence. Most formations like the Lorrain, Serpent, and Bar River Formations, indicate a warm environment. 4) The GOE didn't even happen until until more than 100 million years into the deposition of the Huronian. It's actually post glacial.
Yes. I study these rocks. I am a geologist. I've even done videos on these rocks in Ontario.
Maybe you should present these types of videos. And YES i also read those Wiki pages..... 😒
@@Emdee5632 I give non professionals some leeway. I know ppl, like PBS eons, who know better, and they were pulling from that article. I did do a whole video on it. But even though I did that and I changed the Wikipedia article, ppl are still getting wrong. 😞
*you're
@@filonin2 Boy, you really showed him with that correction. I mean, how will he ever recover?
@@stevenbaumann8692 so are we doomed...or not?....
This is a strange thing to bring up, but you mentioned Douglas Mawson and our previous $100 note here in Australia used to have his image on it. It was my favourite because (yes, I didn't mind a $100 note) I loved the way his image was drawn with his woollen head covering, which had many intricate lines. Strange things you remember 🤷🏻♀️
I know the one!
My dad has a small collection of old notes. He's got one of the Douglas Mawson 100's and some other old notes, and a bunch of $1 and $2 notes.
Remember that we suffered 500 years of the "Little Ice age".
Wasn't global and wasn't that cold.
Haha wasn’t that cold it said.’
Cold enough to cause famine, plagues and heavy migration
@@janejones8672 Civilization (accommodation and farming) is far equipped to deal with cold than it was back then. However, it will struggle to deal with the weather extremes associated with global warming. Some food is already getting more expensive. Within the next eight years it will get much more obvious.
YOU'RE BACK! I shouldn't comment until I've watched it through, but it's always such a special treat when another episode arrives. These are without a doubt my favorite thing on YT, so I have no doubt they take an awful lot of work to research, write, and produce.
Now, time for a cup of tea and another chapter from my favorite story: you always manage to uncover great anecdotes and new discoveries about your chosen topic that i haven't run across before. Thank you.
A new episode is a bright spot in my day.I love the graphics and the measured narration. I have been fascinated in our planet for nearly 60 years and this is the best series I've come across.
Me too because i like plants and life
Do you watch the other channels I love voices of the past
Brilliant. Up to date scientific information, outstanding editing, spectacular visuals and a voice that could melt a glacier. This series is the most complete compendium of the history of the Earth to date.
I thoroughly agree that up to date is nominally a good thing tho new data generated with the same old faulty (vastly oversimplified) mathematical models is not worth as much as we would be led to believe.
Respectfully,
A former research (PhD) engineer
@@michaelhanford8139 Part of being an enlightened individual is being able to accept new information. I only know what I can verify and your assertion is valid and, thank you for that.
Agreed, except for the voice comment. It’s a computer voice.
@@jeffo4817 are you talking about the narrator of these videos? I highly doubt it. there are tons of videos out there with computer generated narration and they sound nothing like this.
update: just checked - the narrator's name is David Kelly
@@KippiExplainsStuff oh wow. He is a good man then.
Is it possible that somehow a close flyby of a large object altered the spin or position of planet earth enabling the warming up of the planet ?
It's top notch quality : it's well documented, well written, well narrated, well illustrated.
We have found microbes kilometers deep, living in solid rock - endoliths. If they were around back then too, even the thickest ice sheet on the entire earth would hardly have an effect on them. An existential threat to life at that stage and beyond, would have to basically melt earths entire crust. So yeah... nothing less cataclysmic than the moon falling onto earth poses a threat to life as a whole.... certainly not a mere surface nuisance like an ice age 😄
Ignorant people talking about terraforming Mars as a "place for us to evacuate to". Do people understand that trying to live outside of Earth would be incalculably more difficult than even the most extreme conditions that are possible on Earth. Fairytales
Microbial life, anyway. That might even survive the boiling of the oceans, becoming aerial.
@@elcoyote9410 The problem is that terraforming Mars would take centuries if not millennia, and we have, maybe, decades. Also that the resultant planet would require maintenance to stay habitable, and I don't think humanity is up to that.
@@elcoyote9410 terraforming is possible...even with existing technology...the hard part is getting it there...that debate will only come after decades of scientific research to study Mars in its pristine state...
@@elcoyote9410
RE: "place for us to evacuate to"
No one seriously regards Mars as a world population evacuation destination. That would be 8 billion people! Transporting even 0.1% (8 million) would not be possible. What Mars colonization advocates are proposing is to get enough people to provide a viable gene pool (a few thousand at least) living on Mars so that humanity finally becomes an interplanetary species. Terraforming of Mars might be a long-term benefit, but is not absolutely necessary.
I thought I was watching natgeo or something and didn't realize it was a tiny TH-cam channel that deserves FAR MORE subs than what they have!
It froze over for 100 million years because a father said that he liked his teenage daughter's favorite band.
I’ve been slowly making my way through these videos while I work for the last 3ish weeks and I have to say, they are absolutely delightful. I have a bachelor’s degree in biology with a minor in geology (more specifically mineralogy and invert Paleontology) but am unfortunately working in a job that is unrelated to my education. Listening to these videos has been such a treat for me, they’re so interesting and so well done, just so excellent.
I am very sad because I’ve just realized I only have 3 left, BUT 2 of them are my absolute favourite topics, ediacaran life and the Cambrian explosion, so I am stoked to get to them.
Thank you so much for these amazing videos. I’m sure I will probably watch some of them
Multiple times, and I have also subscribed to the History of the Universe channel and will start making my way through those videos once I’m finished this series ❤❤
The writer for these is brilliant. Probably the best documentaries I've seen.
Absolutely outstanding documentary. Visually beautiful, and intriguing throughout. Thank you do much!
Last I heard about this is we are still coming out of the ice age so it's not surprising the planet is still 'warming up'.
I can't believe this channel doesn't have millions of subscribers: they do Nat Geo quality videos on a shoestring budget with limited staff.
Completely agree!!
I just subscribed, algorithms picked up I’d been searching certain histories I guess? Anyway it popped up on my home page so - hi
You are bringing geology textbooks to life. I would certainly recommend your videos to my future students.
Though would leave out from 30min mark onward. Those claims aren’t science based, nor match w/ real science. Heck, it doesn’t fit w/ the opening of this video.
Glacial & interglacial periods have occurred 5-6 times. We are in an interglacial period, of which we haven’t remotely come close to the last several high temps for interglacial periods (which occur roughly every 100k yrs)
Your videos are so compelling. Thank you for continuing to provide them.
I found your youtube channel, instead of your facebook or insta lol.
according to the MJA (medical journal of Australia) the arctic explorer did NOT die from eating dog liver. From the article:
During the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911-1914, Douglas Mawson and two companions, Belgrave Ninnis and Xavier Mertz, undertook an ill-fated mapping journey. Ninnis died when he fell down a crevasse, together with the sledge carrying most of their food supplies, and later Mertz became ill and died. Only Mawson returned.
In 1969, Cleland and Southcott proposed that Mertz died of vitamin A toxicity and Mawson suffered from the effects of hypervitaminosis A because, with little food left, they were forced to eat their surviving dogs, including the liver. This hypothesis was supported by Shearman in 1978.
After re-evaluating this hypothesis, I propose that Mawson and Mertz suffered from the effects of severe food deprivation, not from hypervitaminosis A, and that Mertz died as he was unable to tolerate the change from his usual vegetarian diet to a diet of mainly dog meat. I also suggest that Mertz’s condition was aggravated by the psychological stress of being forced to eat the dogs he had cared for for 18 months.
I like to believe that they made these paintings not just for wonderous pass time and coping but to tell stories, educate and hope that future humans would take a look over this magnificence and ponder about its mysteries. I certainly believe they had tested if the colors would stay over generations.
In some way, they had left a message beyond the simple "We were here"
Nah.
Nah.
There would have been murals outside.. And most would have been a status symbol, like a car, or like a decorated house in modern times. Religious use would have been apparent too, as it is now. Not everybody would have been able to paint; only a few. Any cave would be more homely with paintings of plenty of food on the walls. There would have been wooden settlements extending out from the cave mouth. Have we found a stone axe or large wedge? It would be flint and at least six inches of blade; heavy enough to swing and split a branch, just as today.
I always found the proterozoic ice ages fascinating and you did a stellar job in explaining them. Great job my dude.
It’s a woman who write these videos, the narrator is a man though.
@@aruvielevenstar3944 who cares
@@tysonwastaken the original commenter, you numbskull
Imagining a time of Iceball Earth next to Flaming hot Venus
I just came across this channel and I can’t tell you how PSYCHED I am at this content!! It’s perfect, absolutely amazing content!
woop woop
Hard to fathom how a smallish TH-cam channel can produce videos with this quality so consistently!
340k subs is a good income and it is just stock video with a voice-over.
Excellent video! I have one small correction. A super volcano eruption would not produce a nuclear winter, a volcanic winter would be the result.
It would trigger all the nukes the Bond villain has hidden in his lair.
@@genegayda3042
Lol 😁👍
@@genegayda3042 I disagree. It would be Dr. Evil. And, if we pay him 100 billion dollars maybe he would move them off planet.
Volcanic winter tomato tomato still has very similar effects on the planet
@@Urmashouldvswallowed yeah penicillin, amoxicillin, tomato, tomahto…. They both kill bacteria…..
We don’t do this in the sciences for a reason…
When he says "a barren ice desert" I remember the documentaries about life on ice. With barren this documentary thinks of a "desert without multicellular life forms"?
How did they light up those halls to see to paint and draw?
I saw no torch exhaust contamination on the ceilings,walls,how did they do it.
Unless I'm completely wrong on that,how did they see?
So I'm completely taken on how they did it visually,as an artist.
The work is not only informative but so very beautiful.
What vibrant intelligent people they were to even survive.
And then leave a treasure of expression older than modern civilizations.
Are you trying to give them a nervous breakdown by asking the obvious? 🤣
Olive oil lamps make no smoke.
Phone light
You are joking, right? They had access to electricity.
I’m a Biden voter and have the answer. They used the flashlight(torch) on their smart phones.
Amazing video once again. You bring such detail and a telling of the events which makes it interesting and understandable.
Another brilliant video, thank you. Something not mentioned in the video, but may have had an effect is that the moon would have been closer during snowball earth. That would have meant higher tides and more likelihood of the ice surface breaking up allowing the microbes to 'breathe'. This effect would have much more pronounced during the earlier snowball earths.
Surely the waters are all frozen and therefore no tides?
@@russellhaikney3809 Not at all. The land is also affected by the tides. Land rises and falls about 1cm, compared with the oceans up to 10 metres. If there was any water under the ice, and I'm sure there would have been, it would have warped the ice on the surface, causing cracks and movement.
@@davecook3138 do not believe that...the whole planet was under hundreds of meters of thick ice and snow....there would be no water movement at all of any effect .
@@russellhaikney3809Well, that is your choice. I can only tell you that tides affect the ground as well as the oceans. The tides were stronger in the past, getting stronger the further back you go. The oceans are thousands of metres deep, not hundreds. It's your choice to believe that there is a possibility, or not.
@@davecook3138 you really have a problem with perceiving what is stated Dave....I did not dispute the oceans depth I stated that the Ice on top was hundreds of meters deep
making tidal events superfluous or irrelevant....ie....there cannot be tides in this
case
I wish there were new videos/episodes every day. No doubt I'd watch them all, and probably more than once 🤓
I've been watching your content for about a decade now. Still providing some great content and still just as entertaining. Keep up the great work Diamond 💎 from the UK 🇬🇧
EPIC JOB! Liked. Subscribed. That was not a documentary, that was an epic journey. Surprisingly poetic. Beautiful!
Great work, as always. Love all your channels!
Thank you for your hard work brother. Your uploads restore my feelings for the programs here on TH-cam.
I need to make more money so I can try an help to support your efforts.
You make Herculean work here. And it shows.
Thanks!
I adore you and appreciate SO MUCH, all of your content on all your channels. Wish I could give more, you beyond deserve it!! Thank you, thank you, thank you!!!
My favourite channel on TH-cam. 'Life On Earth' seems like a short magazine piece compared to your in depth analysis of the history of the planet. Looking forward to the Cambrian explosion.
Such a fascinating subject. The march of time, in all its immensity, is truly magnificent. It's fun to be sentient and able to conjecture the whatever of whatever.
This was really informative and visually interesting as well. Subscribed 👍
Tillates and Varves are two great earth science words I learned watching this.
This is one of the most incredible videos you’ve ever done, and that’s saying a lot. Showed that a world many would compare to present-day mars was actually full of life and vitality.
Good point.
As it too is covered by an ice sheet that (very likely) sits atop an ocean of liquid water , the theories and discoveries emanating from 'snowball Earth' have led to present day Europa (a moon of Jupiter) becoming of particular interest to
Astrobiologists, who apparently view her as the most promising place in the solar system to find present day life beyond Earth.
so where are the fossils?...the soil on Mars is toxic...no real evidence something lived and died there....
Just an atheist fairy tale.
@@IgnoringSilver95 Few are going to be saved.
That was an amazing and well-written journey! And the speaker was absolutely engaging. Well done!
One thing that concerns me is that when the topic comes up everyone seems to gloss over that there is plant life in the permafrost.
Plant life... and animal life. The smashed carcasses of mammoths to be exact. With the remnants of their last meals still in their stomachs.
Fantastic presentation; our planet never seems to stop in one place or another, ever-churning, agglutinating life, one way or another, being by itself, a conveyor, inducing growth and survival. Brilliantly it implies a certain "chaotic elegance" that in the end, propitiates observation of the clear and coherent system seemingly paradoxical to less discerning eyes.
That snowball earth monologue was simultaneously beautiful and haunting. Excellent work!
Thanks! I feel this is a poignant telling of our planet's journey. You explained a lot of concepts that up until now have been in deep thaw. I really appreciate your dedication to both science and art in this piece.
My favorite science teacher John Pascal often brought up snowball earth asking us what we thought I suggested to him maybe a period of lower solar output combine with a dimming of light from volcanic and comet interaction basically a perfect storm! He laughed and said Uhler dumb as rock and twice as dense then gave me a A at the end of the semester. 🤣
We don’t know enough about how the sun cycles work, but one thing is certain; the sun is the biggest heat/photonics source. The effect of human pollution on global warming seems greatly exaggerated. This same logic would suggest that humans caused the last ice age by NOT creating enough green house gases.
One little error: the carbon does need to be circulated. The fossil fuels are just a very long-term storage for the carbon. Luckily this species of primates are able to put it back to circulation.
agreed. thank god for smart primates and fire
The most succinct corollary on this.
Why do alarmists want to scare the population into freezing again? “If humans only reduced their carbon footprint back to the Ice Age, we can all live in climate utopia.” 😂
It's pretty insensitive to call Professor Kirschvink "Iron Man", since he was turned to steel in the great magnetic field, when he travelled time for the future of mankind.
The images of the cave drawings are stunning! It is a dream of mine to travel back and to meet these people.
Recent evidence seems to show that Saturn's rings are only 400 million years old, so the comet at 17:00 might not have "seen" the rings.
As always a very interesting video of the highest quality. Your videos are always a joy to watch. Splendid narration and great editing combined with beautiful graphics This channel and History of the universe rank among the best on YT. Thanks a lot for another great video.
30:46 Science was NOT "blissfully unaware of arthropathic climate change" These types of discussions and warnings started in the late 1800's. It wasn't until the 50's that these warnings started to gain traction. I can site if required, but it isn't hard to find. 🤗
Even the Romans wrote of overpopulation and gloom and doom.
I am still waiting for the poles to dissappear. Al Gore promised it would happen 🙁
Makes me wonder what that multiple colored ice on Pluto is really made from.
Documentaries like this one on TH-cam and Curiosity stream feed my need for knowledge. I'm a firm believer in use it or lose it and that totally include the brain.
HOTE produces outstanding documentaries. I learn a lot from each one. Btw I think Saturn got its rings during Earth's Mesozoic Era, when an icy moon got too close to the planet and broke apart.(At least that's the current understanding from the Cassini mission.) I like the section at the end about how microorganisms thrived during the icy/ slushy periods.
Excellent video, thanks. I read the Jean Auel series, the first book was 'Clan of the Cavebear' and I think the last was 'Land of the Painted Caves'. Excellent series, getting better book by book.
Great doc. I ve watched every episode of the series. Amazing. Liked and subscribed
Amazing series.Can't get enough of it!
I must have watched each video on this channel at least 5 times. Thank you for this amazing content!
Me too😅
Wonderful series. Beautifully illustrated. Scientifically rigorous. Always fascinating,
this channel is a professional effort by a team for the last ten years. It's no miracle that it has some quality and yet has taken much time to take off.
Can't forget that the more water vapour in the atmosphere the more amplified the greenhouse effect gets. It's not just C02 and Methane that's making our planet warmer. The more the ice and permafrost melts the more water is in the atmosphere and the more the greenhouse effect gets amplified
Incredible nice work. I love reading about how the earth developed this is something a little different than reading it. I wish more people realized how important this knowledge is. Today it starting to look like we will die from heat exhaustion if we don't nuke ourselves to the end of modern humans 😢
Thanks for this. As much I as enjoy the Universe stuff my favourite are these earth history videos. And as always thanks to everyone involved for all the hard work.
I've never seen pictures of cave paintings that are poorly done. Why were these people such amazing artists? Where did they practice?
papyrus and leather, maybe woolen fabric. All of it dust in the wind since aeons.
Makes Medieval art look like it was painted by 3 year olds.
Earths rotation: 1000 mph
Earths orbit around the sun: 67,000 mph
Suns orbit around the galaxy: 500,000 mph
Galaxy travelling through space: 3.6 million mph
Not being able to 'feel' or 'prove' any of it : Priceless !
So I sometimes wonder about so-called positive or negative feedback. Specifically, my brain seizes up when I think how throwing massive volcanic ash into the atmosphere might block sunlight and cause a freezing feedback loop BUT, ash falling onto snow turns it black and absorbs heat causing a heating feedback loop. How can one determine how this actually might work? What fine line between the two leads one process to dominate over the other? The only thing I can think of to resolve the issue is a variance of the solar output. Solar output is the only mechanism not dependent on anything on the surface of the Earth. By solar variance I mean either increased or decreased solar output or blocking of the solar wind because our solar system drifts through an interstellar dust cloud. The solar wind would eventually clear out the dust but not fast enough to compensate drifting through a large enough interstellar dust cloud.
Amazing. Love the long format!
Fantastic stuff - cannot wait for the next episode. These videos always approach existing themes and ideas from new angles, and its the content of questionining, examination of the latest evidence and the importance of individual contributions to advancing our knowledge that makes them so watchable.
17:01 _an icy comet_
17:39 _icy asteroid_
19:01 _icy asteroid_
An asteroid is a minor planet-an object that is neither a true planet *nor a comet*
I love your history of the earth videos so much! All your channels are so amazing. In depth, well narrated, and interesting. Ty for the hard work 🙏❤️.
HORSEFEATHERS...
I agree! We are fortunate to have such a resource!
That was absolutely fascinating, and so well narrated. I’m looking forward to watching more .
These videos are both informative and well made, with out all of the annoying music and nauseating spinning so unnecessary in these videos. Thank you.
One more thing about volcanoes: when they erupt, especially when super-volcanoes erupt, they’re going to release massive amounts of volcanic ash, which would spread around after an eruption, settling on top of the ice and absorbing sunlight.
Man this TH-cam channel is a gem
I don't know a great deal about this period of geologic history, but thank you for another fascinating video! I think the term Cryogean sounds cool too lol.
Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you, friends. ✝️ :)
Using poetry to explain history sends shivers along the spine.
Is it possible that polar stratospheric clouds existed during the cryogenic period? The temperature would be right for them, but I don’t know if there was enough water vapor and nitric acid in the atmosphere for stratospheric clouds to appear.
Your videos are at the TOP of the Channels for educational, history, science content and artistic presentations...fantastic job.
YES! New episode! This is perfect timing, too, since I just came back from the hospital and could use some cheering up. :) This is seriously my favourite documentary series. It's so good.
Just had a weird theory.
What if some subtle shock waves that travel through the universe and push the Earth away from the Sun causing the Earth to freeze, example: this video. Then overtime it managed to drift back towards the sun.
Multiple freezes could be due to a wobble effect till the Earth became stationary again.
Fast and Furious: The continental drift, a tale about family and moving the earth at absurd speeds.
A super high quality documentary explanation of how the Snowball Earth could have happened, and how maybe it kick-started the Cambrian explosion.
Your videos are written so poetically. They’re really informative, but also very profound. I know a lot of these pieces of information separately, but you tie the concepts together in a way that gives an entirely new perspective. Your videos always give me that “click” moment of understanding that makes teaching/leaning so satisfying. Very, very well done.
Apparently he’s the narrator but some lady writes the script. So good job to the entire team.
Imagine if the only aliens for a billion light years swung by during this period.
27:54 - "The carbon doesn't belong in our atmosphere." Where do you think it came from then?
Another great history lesson about the Earth I am interested in knowing about the planet I live on and the history of it. I appreciate the information and knowledge, thanks.
....so...the sun can kill us...the earth can kill us...or we can just do ourselves?