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While dinosaurs were dominating the land, the metriorhynchids were thriving in the seas. But taking that plunge wasn’t easy because it takes a very special set of traits to fully dedicate yourself to life at sea.
Special thanks to these wonderful paleoartists for allowing us to use their incredible work throughout this episode:
Ceri Thomas (including the illustrated the metriorhynchid in the thumbnail): nixillustratio...
Dmitry Bogdanov: www.deviantart...
Nobu Tamura: spinops.blogspo...
Julio Lacerda: / juliotheartist
Franz Anthony: franzanth.com
This video features this Paleogeographic Map: Scotese, C.R., 2019. Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography, and Ice Ages, TH-cam video: • Scotese Plate Tectonic... .
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Hideyo Kusano, Dennis McCullough, Andria Chizen, Freddie & Brooks, Florian Heinze, WilCatRhClPPh33, Mark Talbott-Williams, Elizabeth Baker, Jake Myers, The Dec of Cards, Eddy, Angel Alchin, Julie Cohen, Sarah Ford, salsablog.band, simon read, Sean C. Kennedy, Eric Roberto Rodriguez, Hillary Ryde-Collins, Frida, Matthew Donnelly, Yu Mei, Dan Ritter, faxo, Jayme Coyle, Gary Walker, GrowingViolet, Stephanie Tan, Laura Sanborn, Minyuan Li, Ben Cooper, Leonid, Robert Noah, Matt Parker, Heathe Kyle Yeakley, Jerrit Erickson, Anton Bryl, MissyElliottSmith, Zachary Spencer, Stefan Weber, Andrey, Ilya Murashov, Merri Snaidman, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Anthony Callaghan, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Eric Vonk, Henrik Peteri, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Daisuke Goto, Gregory Kintz, Chandler Bass, Tsee Lee, Robert Hill
If you'd like to support the channel, head over to / eons and pledge for some cool rewards!
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References: docs.google.co... - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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I first read the title as ‘crocs thrived in trees’ and thought we were in for a really wild episode 🤯😂
Weren't we?
@@LuanMower55 It was an great episode don’t get me wrong, but the idea of crocs in trees was so out of pocket I was really confused for a moment.
LOOOOOOOOOOOOOL
No you didnt
@@Gblonkers Ive been studying/working for several hours straight at this point my brain was mush reading the title.
"Until you go extinct" will be a sentence I'll be using more in ordinary conversations from now on...
Every body gangster intill thay go extinct
Looks like I will. I have no kids
I vow to join you in this resolution.
Yes!
Everybody gangstah until The Last of Us video game will become our reality. Only that zombies excluded. It will be dog-eat-dog kill or be killed planet. This pandemic will never end..
"If I had a nickel for everytime a crocodile relative transition to life on water I'd have 2 nickles which is not much but it's weird that it happened twice."
You would have at least three, maybe four. Two groups of Triassic pseudosuchians, Qianosuchus and the diverse phytosaurs, were semi-aquatic .It also is debated whether the metriorhynchids last common ancestor with crocodilians was semiaquatic or not.
I understood that reference.
Dr crocinsmirts
Crazy because whales were land/sea animals and at 1 point and looked alot like crocs and were labeled under whatever the prehistoric name was for crocs lol
@@kaylaedwards4117 I think you’re referring to Ambulocetids
- Animal: goes back into the ocean
- Convergent evolution: "So you've chosen to look like fish"
Feesh
Perhaps it's just a fluke
@@Seadalgo log off.. XD
More like environmental adaptation
Like Raptors took to the sky and became Micro raptor 😂
"It can be hard to find your sea legs, but once you do, it's smooooth sailing...until you go extinct."
Best summary of evolution ever.
Lol
yes baby
It makes me worry about our lovely whales.
@@benjamindavidovichwaals2899 ??? Bro go outside
@@exessen1684 why, my cartoonish friend?
Croc evolution is crazy, especially the fact that modern crocs changed very little over hundreds of millions of years.
Yet they are ugly if worn with socks
They didn't, the caprosuchus ran on hooves and the armadillosuchus lived and burried in deserts, not to talk about this fat oceanic crock
Kinda of misnomer as the lineages that would give to rise modern crocs first appeared 80 million years ago (we're counting some of the extinct land dwelling lineages). You know who else existed around that time? Waterfowl & Fowl!
@@kagamijunichirou9346 they're ugly without socks too. They just scream "I've given up on looking good ever"
@@i.m.evilhomer5084 waterfowl? Really
I don't know if im more impressed by the evolution of crocs or by the evolution of Blake's arms during the pandemic.
HAHAHA!
Yeah, right. He is getting dangerously ripped. Probably from carrying a lot of fossils and rocks
Dudes hella jacked
It's kind of wholesome to see people become fitter when their job is being filmed for the internet. I remember when all the league of legends pros were either obese or skinny. This streaming environment we're in encourages nerds to get physically fit way better than comic book superheroes ever did.
I've been watching this channel for 2+ years and it great to see the channels progression and his ^ ^
Character development is Watching PBS Eons and seeing Blake slowly go from being forced to read puns by Kallie to making his own puns in the middle of the video. Evolution in action, people.
No one can avoid the infectious nature of the pun.
Blessed be puns.
Devolution. Slippery slope to degradation. I like him much better without the lame puns and nauseating cutsie asides.
@@romankozak8728 i bet you’re super fun
@@romankozak8728 I bet you must be party at funnies
Crocodiles are so versatile that we shoud be about to discover a extinct species of flying crocs.
Only 7 % of the fossil record has been uncovered, so that’s possible.
What, whale-like crocs, horse-like crocs and regular crocs aren't enough for you?
@@edweefication It’s called EVOLUTION.
@@edweefication Precisely! They were everywhere!
@@edweefication hooved croc already existed, so...
“When in doubt answer is usually dinosaurs” thank you for this insight I will keep this in minds during finals
Make it even better by using the Latin version: "In dubio pro dinosaurum." 😉
Q: What is 1+1?
A: Dinosaurs
Q: Are you a Virgin?
A: Dinosau....wait
Q: What is the capital of Assyria?
A: Dinosaurs
Q: What do we call the old computer systems from the 1950s / 1960s?
A: Dinosaurs... oh, hey!
Marine reptiles: "Finally no dinosaurs that hunt us and still food"
Dinosaurs: [Spinosaurus started to adapt into aquatic environment]
Marine reptiles: "Damned!"
Geography: i gotcha ya back marine reptiles
@@LarsTonguesInAspix Spinosaurus: dammed!
crocs now: "who's laughing now lizzards!"
Marine dinosaurs are marine reptiles...
@@kekeke8988 I think they meant marine reptiles, other than dinosaurs.
I'm trying to become a PALEONTOLOGIST when I'm older, and one of the first creatures I wanna study is these Sea Crocs!!!
Get good grades!
Thats awesome man!
100% go for it. Any job in the paleo world is _very very_ worthwhile, and loads of fun. You gotta study smart and hard, but it's absolutely worth it.
Same hear bro
same
Love to come back to these videos every few months to see just how jacked this man can get.
Absolute unit.
That's evolution in action
He’s papi
Paleo daddy
He his preparing for his aquatic return
I was gonna comment that the shirt looked awesome on him and he should be proud to wear it lol
Earth's past is such a great place to mine for odd D&D monsters.
Dnd underwater...
So true!
Some Rando: How'd you spend quarantine?
Random Researcher: I looked at a bunch of ancient marine crocodile skulls and wrote a paper on it.
And worked on my biceps...
When he said it was published in 2020 I couldn't help but think about this.
A worthy use of your time!
@@harrietharlow9929 For the moment or so I considered it, I'd say so.
Paleontologists did that before COVID came around and caused quarantines. So many museums have such huge back collections collecting dust, some not even removed from their protective jackets, that I've hypothesized that paleontologist could easily spend their career making new discoveries and writing papers without ever having to go into the field and just digging around the back collections of museums.
i didn't realize I was an eons superfan until I understood all of the convergent evolution on-going jokes...
Loving this series, it gives me the same feeling as reading old national geographic books at the school library and seeing all the nice illustrations and learning so much about our common past
Dude this video is great but I don't think I'm ever gonna get used to not hearing Steve's name getting called at the end of the vid
i miss "and my boi Steve!"
Happy to not be alone in this.
Who's Steve and what happened to him?
*Magyarosuchus*
Hungarians: "omg our country is famous"
Bojler for sale.
I still miss the "and Steve" at the end. Steve, you are remembered!
@Din Do Nuffin died in a meth overdose. Sad stuff
@@sethbuck2013 damn
I thought they where talking about the crocodile hunter. I'm not familiar with this channel
@@sethbuck2013 who died in the meth overdose?
@@Twinklethefox9022 Steve is a former patreon
4:04
You know paleontologists are cool guys when they use the Kinder egg surprise container within a drawer full of bones of extinct animals 😂😂😂😂
🤦♂️
"You croc our world", that was horribly wonderful.
Love all the stuff you do.
Are you guys spying my reading list? hahahahahaha
I just finished reading a book about crocodiles yesterday and started another one today
First was the video about the walruses, which coincided with the reading of the book "Walrus" by Reaktion Books haha
Mosasaurus, liopleurodon and other marine lizards definitely went to dominate the oceans. Super spooky and yet cool
Yeah. I get retrospective thalassophobia just from thinking about it.
Do you think that carnivorous hippos of today are more conforting.
Liopleurodon wasn't really a dominant species they were pretty small compared to other larger Pliosaurs like Kronossaurus and Predator X.
@@shafqatishan437 Yeah liopluredon average size was around slightly larger than a great white
New Eons Wooooooooooo!
And it’s on crocodilomorphs, my favorite archosaurs~
I at one point came within 5 feet with an 18 foot American Crocodile in the Everglades. Probably the second most knuckle-headed thing I’ve done involving Crocodilians. The most knuckle-headed thing I’ve done involving a Crocodilian was stick my arm within chomping distance of a seven foot American Alligator so I could take a close up photo of it’s snout.
7:29 "Aand not getting eaten by a hungry dinosaur was a plus too."
Mood.
3:45 that Magyarosuchus was certainly hungary for that other fish
Puns are alright by me, Budapest to many others!
Because of this channel I got interested in Evolution 👍🏻😎👍🏻
You better hope that evolution won't get interested in you.
@@lonestarr1490 *develops skin wings and night vision*
yes i was waiting for this now we got hooves and flipers
Land mounts and sea mounts.
Pour one out for Steve. Or, if you're a secondarily aquatic reptile, then empty your salt gland.
Oh and when is Blake going to drop his workout playlist!?
...Did every science channel on TH-cam collab to make sure they all talked about crabs-that-aren't-crabs today? This is the third upload I've seen today mentioning it - first from CrashCourse, then SciShow, and now Eons!
To be clear: I have no problem with this. I love crabs-that-aren't-crabs. I just also love conspiracy theories. 😂😂😂
Well… Hank was/is a host in all of those channels. Coincidence…?
Aggiosaurus looks deadly and looks like it would fit quite well in a monster horror film.
Is this video trying to tell me we can have significant marine reptiles again if we bump sea temperatures up a few degrees? I think I've found my motivation to become a supervillain.
I mean you would essentially kill off most of the available food sources in the ocean if you did that so you'd be bringing them back just to starve them.
Marine crocs are very underrated. Glad to see a video on them
GREAT VIDEO
GREAT CROCS...
and GREAT ARMS BLAKE 💪
he is truly doing some hardcore gym bro quarantine training to get as huge as his anime idol Goku
Seeing Blake throwing in some puns like "Metriorhyn-kids" one is why I'm here. Well, not only but it's a huge plus.
I'm glad I'm not swimming in the seas where those Cros were
I always enjoy Eons episodes even with the awful puns and bad jokes.
Thanks for posting. Virginia
You guys are awesome. How about a video going over some of the major OR minor inaccuracies in Jurassic Park? Or going over any science that was "true" in the 90s when it was made and what we have been able to prove or disprove since??
That one picture gives them stubby little teddy bear arms! It's terrifying, but derpy!
@Redux Studio Skyfall I just got vividly reminded of the t-rex from meet the Robinsons:
"I have a big head, and little arms! And I don't think this plan was well thought out!"
Can you please do a video on the decline of Perissodactyls and the success of the Artiodactyls? Thank you.
The perissodactyls tapired off, but the artiodactyls camel long way.
@@pierreabbat6157 under-rated
Blake finally embracing puns just made my week
Speed of sound about 1100 feet per second. Distance between ears, say 6 inches. That gives about half a millisecond to separate sounds. If you can do that, pretty good reflexes I would say. I know my own ears rely on the directional frequency filtering effect created by the differing left-right ear shapes, because I filtered sounds with digital filters that recreated the effect of ear shape.
The Crocs thrived around us since the time of the dinosaurs🐊🦖
Yes and no depending on definitions used. If by "Crocs" you mean modern crocodilians then no they only appeared late into the Cretaceous other animals had previously occupied this ecological niche but they disappeared perhaps victims of the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction event or some other climatic/ecological factors.
If by Crocs you mean crocodylomorphs then yes as they were a diverse clade of metabolically active archosaurs that survived the Triassic Jurassic mass extinction and rediversified in the Jurassic remaining quite diverse up until the KPg boundary where all but Dyrosaurids(lasted up to the Eocene), Crocodilians(still extant) and Sebecids(lasted up into the Miocene) went extinct.
And if you extend the definition of "Crocs" beyond crocodylomorphs to the larger pseudosuchians then they ruled before the Dinosaurs with the crocodylomorphs being the lucky small survivors not unlike how if you extend our mammalian linage back to our Permian therapsid relatives you can say they ruled the Permian leaving only our small ancestors.
In these two cases of comparison above the extinction survivors of these two once diverse groups would have been able to fit in the palm of your hand when fully grown. Extinctions and megafauna don't really work together well. The only megafauna to cross that boundary on land was the dinosaurs
Evolution: I made a new animal
New animal or crab again?
Evolution: Crab again
It would be so amazing to see how eyes 👀 evolved
I was recently told by a Creationist that 'the Fossil record is so incomplete as to be useless'. Maybe you could make an episode that explores what the Fossil record actually comprises, so if this kind of comment arises in the future, I'll have somewhere to point them to!
You can't have a debate with a Creationist. A real debate requires that both sides have conditions under which they will change their minds. Creationist will not budge from their positions.
The fossil record could be even less incomplete and it wouldn't matter: DNA already shows us that evolution happened. The fossil record is just a nice extra of cool "photographs" that were taken from time to time.
But as already mentioned by others, you can't debate a creationist.
If it's a fossil than there's "no transition shown."
If it's genetic relationships than it's "the proof of God's creation" or "bananas share 50% of their DNA with us too!"
If it's an observable fact in real life than it's "still x or y and pArT oF iTs OwN kInD."
2:20
Crabs: Ah a worthy opponent!
Our battle is going to be legendary
How do y’all feel knowing there are undiscovered animals who’s remains will never be found? Meaning we will never know about many animals that existed.
Hey Eons, why haven’t gills re-evolved in marine animals?
Air breathing is actually pretty useful because it's way easier to extract oxygen from air than from water. That's probably why. Though there could be examples of fully air-breathing animals becoming water- breathing that I'm not aware of.
"Metriorhyn-kids" 😂
"It's smooth sailing.. Until you go extinct." 😂💯
Why air breathers took over so many niches in the ocean is one of the most fascinating parts to me. It seams that things with gills that don't have to surface and can stay down as long as they want would have the advantage I know there were Whale size fish at one point. I want to learn why.
Air got higher density of oxygen that can fuel even high metabolism of marine mammals. I'm guessing air breathers got advantage in that they are more energetic
@@entropy8634 the fastest swimmers in the sea are still fish: like tuna and swordfish
@@klas666 they still fall prey to air breathing orcas
@@entropy8634 but orcas can't outrun tunas even at short bursts, so it's hard to call fish less "energetic"
@@klas666 fair point
They're basically said "Forget this, I'm going back to fish"
You guys should do a video on the evolution of elephant trunks. Like, how did that come about? What did the ancestors look like, and why did the trunk give them an advantage?
I'd like to see episodes about what I've heard called "wastebasket taxa:" the group designations given to stuff we tend to toss organisms into when we just don't know where to put them (protists, worms, etc.). I liked the Tully monster episode and this is like the flip side of that.
Also an episode about how fungal mycorrhizae acted as roots for land plants until they evolved their own, and how plants and fungi still rely on each other (including mycoheterotrophs!).
6:44 Funny as hell. Great episode by the way even though I love almost all your episodes. Don't forget the evolutionary history of pinnipeds and tyrannosaurids and maybe the seabirds too
You'd think 100 years after Mosesaurs went extinct. Crocks would take the open nitch
Although there are lots of seriously good scientific channels on TH-cam, this one still is, and will continue to be among my top five favorites. ❤
Metriorhynchids and the other thalattosuchians are so underrated, I'm salty (no pun intended) that I didn't learn about them as a kid in my dinosaur phase (which never really ended, but you get the idea).
Fantastic video, as always! Fascinating how going back to the sea was a solution for so many creatures.
Also, that giggle at the pun about the kids. Pure serotonin :D
Thank you PBS Eons! I'm doing research on Metriorhynchidae and Gracilineustes and this was incredibly insightful. Best, Enchiridion
These crocodiles simply specced enough evolution points into extra aquatic mobility.
And these are my favorite crocodilians now
The horse one will forever be #1 in my heart. Gonna ride one of those babies into battle one day.
I love that this incredibly specialised, deadly aquatic predator has those little arms.
OMG puns overload! Thank yoy Blake, our pun overlord!
Prehistoric crocodilians sure were epic
Also hope u have a good day.
Crocodiles really thrived during the Mesozoic!
When it doubt then “volcanoes did it” seems to be a running theme in this series
PBS Eons has been getting me through the lockdown for over a year. Thank you. 🇮🇪
Banker: What are you doing? Are you robbing this bank!?
Blake: Dinosaurs.
Banker: Seems legit
Something I've always wondered is why reptiles didn't try to become fully marine again during the Paleogene Thermal Maximum. It wasn't long after the K-PG Extinction so most of the niches filled by carnivorous marine reptiles before were suddenly open again and mammals still weren't derived enough yet to experiment with a longterm saltwater lifestyle. A surviving crocodilian or lizard would have been perfect to adapt to the newly vacant and warm ocean with little competition, yet no fossils of marine reptiles other than sea turtles have ever been found in the entire Cenozoic. Why is that?
pliosaurs>mosasaurs
Me: "Oh man, I think I've subscribed to a few too many channels. My backlog is way too long."
PBS: "So we have a new channel that you might be interested in."
Me: "Okay, maybe one more."
i miss steve (U^U)
There was a crocodile-like reptile that was an ancestor of modern crocodiles...
The Sarcosuchus! It was like 33 feet long and 4 tons! Some might be bigger.
It is certainly bigger than even a Saltwater Crocodile.
But it can be out-matched by another ancestor of modern crocodiles...
Deinosuchus! It was 35 feet and 6 to 7 tons.
And it looks like a crocodile too!
Of course, they thrived in the early and late Cretaceous...
And Deinosuchus died at the end of the Cretaceous.
While Sarcosuchus died about 108 million years ago.
They weren’t ancestors they were relatives lol.
Lookin fit, man! Keep it up!
Also, thanks for another cool natural history lesson.
You'd think In 100 years after Mosesaurs went extinct. Crocks would take the open notch
Evolution doesn’t work that quick, lol. And being bigger makes a species significantly more vulnerable to extinction, like the mosasaurs.
The Salty is huge, and very similar to the Nile crocodile. It is sea going but prefers estuaries, and is seldom found in completely fresh water.
Imagine how disappointed the amphibians are at this
after quarantine is over you recognize who was hometraining and who wasn't 😁
still miss "Steve" at the end of the eontologists
It’s simply amazing how old earth is...that these creatures can over 100s of millions of years evolve into so many different species...on a slow day to day basis. Great video
You guys finally made a funny joke! After Eons, of trying😂
Metriorhyn-kids was funny😁
Man, these ancient creatures look so cool. How come we don't have monsters like these lurking around nowadays? haha
Please do an episode on how a WHALE is secondarily aquatic.. I can’t imagine a whale on land!
I like how excited this dude gets, its wholesome :)
One has to wonder WHY secondarily aquatic animals so often seem to take the top spot in the ocean's food chain.
I really appreciate that you guys credit artists for their paleoart during your video.
Timing difference between our ears is only a small part of how we pinpoint the direction of a sound. The folds in our external ears affect different frequencies in different ways according to the direction the sound is coming from. Our brains compare the resulting frequency profiles and determines sound direction that way. Owls, who don't have external ears, use asymetric ear canals to produce the same effect. This is also why it's so hard to determine the direction of a pure tone sound, they do not provide the required profiles over a wide range of frequencies.
“If you’re an eons super fan” well I also took bio 2 ☺️
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION I said it with you even though you didn't ask
the metriorynchids are my favourite prehistoric marine reptiles.
also funny enough, Im working on a new video that will feature some metriorynchids and some other marine creatures, its not finished yet but im Realy excited to show it to you all went im done with its, its gonna be my best video of my channel; hopefully😁
Yaaayy, MAGYAROSUCHUS! Being a hungarian, that put a big smile on my face.
Wait.... what happened to Steve!?
It's _always_ smooth sailing until you go extinct.
Words to live by, i guess...🤔
I never heard of such a thing before the video. Thank you.
Can you please put a playlist together of all you videos? I watch your videos to sleep and I hate waking up in the middle of the night and hearing the same fact about the same animal from you ancient fauna and flora playlist. Please
Lookin swole bro
What do you call a dinosaur arthritis
Ankleosaur
So this is the episode where Blake finally gives in to the paleo-puns? It was only a matter of time ;)
Also: Why no marine non-avian dinosaurs?
Also also: Great episode, I was hoping you would cover this topic at some point. I've been curious about it ever since I learned that the marine reptiles you tend to come across in documentaries (plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs etc) weren't closely related to each other at all.
Every statement should now end in "until you go extinct"