It might seem like I am nondecisive in this video, but this owes to the fact that I can't truly rule out any of the 4 possible eruption scenarios. The large amount of magma present is quite worrying, and combined with the cracks that formed near several population centers in 2018, I wanted to cover all possibilities. As a final thought, there is a highly unlikely but theoretically possible 5th scenario; a basaltic plinian eruption. This scenario would become more likely if an explosive eruption began at Lewolembwi and then unexpectedly escalated. ~0.5 km^3 of magma is sufficient to generate a large VEI 4 eruption, although this scenario is still quite unlikely.
hey do you think you can make a video on the asteroid crater in antartica that has a diameter of 500km because i heard you talk about it in your siberian traps flood basalt eruption video and i was wondering if you could make a video explaining the asteroid crater and wonder how large was the asteroid that formed it and how many tons of tnt was the explosion from it as well as how much devistation it caused in a certain radius like, how far away from the impact site ignited into flames and how far away were trees and plant-life were flattened by the shockwave cause i really want to know about it. by the way the asteroid crater is called the wilkes land anomaly due to the fact we don't know what caused it but we theorized that it was caused by a giant asteroid. and i also want to add a question here: if the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs caused an earthquake with a magnitude between 10.3 and 13.0 on the richter scale, then how big was the earthquake from the wilkes land asteroid? i know it's a little weird but i'm curious and want to know everything about the asteoroid that cause the 500km wide crater and the siberian traps eruption on the other side of the world. i hope this gets a reply sooner or later
@@GeologyHub i formed around the same time as the siberian traps did. about 250 million years ago. there's some sites on google that says the age of when it formed and it's age is 250 million years agoaround the same time as when the siberian traps occured
I was going to say people would be crazy to live there, but then I remembered I live in Auckland New Zealand, where there are about 50 old volcanic cones in the city's built-up area, with a high probability of new one, but within an uncertain time frame.
Wow. Going in October possibly as Vanuatu is open for travel again. Wish there were nice tarmac roads on Ambrym to crack and steam like your photo as a warning 😅 Great, detailed explanation. I will avoid the eastern rift zone, as immediate evacuation chances are zero. Hope we are not in for a major explosive event.
The same dangers apply whether roads are paved, dirt, animal trails, or nonexistent. You can stay on the eastern half of the island, just I’d stay away from the older maars and cracks which formed in 2018. Ambrym is one of the planet’s most scenic volcanoes, and those in my audience who visited greatly enjoyed it. Yes there isn’t much infrastructure, but to be honest many nations with highly active volcanoes are like this.
@@GeologyHub This will be my second visit. We walked up from local villages last time through the jungle to the ash plane. We stayed in one such village for the duration. This time I think we will try to get a helicopter to the summit as it was a hell of a trek.
@@TheAverageGuy12 I sadly have not visited but do plan to visit as a secondary stop if something major occurs in Indonesia or New Zealand. Was the length, difficulty, or vegetation the hardest part of the hike?
@@GeologyHub All of it. Hiking up and down hills on narrow muddy tracks. There was another path from town where the small plane lands but it was cut off due to weather damage. Great experience though to learn & stay with the villagers.
Thanks for the update. We live in the village of Ranvetlam in the North West. We'd be happy to host. We can send a boat down to Craig Cove. Village brothers would love to host and guide a tour up. The trek from our village is about 5 hours up and 4 down. Of course, one can choose to sleep at the top. That experience is well worth the effort.
This seems a _lot_ like Leilani Estates 2.0, its even on an eastern rift zone. Rift zones on highly active volcanoes have gotta be one of the _worst_ possible places to build. Seems people near Nyiragongo, Kilauea, Mauna Loa, and Ambrym are all guilty of this mistake (although the ones in Hawaii are far more egregious considering those were built in a country with the resources to know just how bad it was). Hopefully this turns out to be nothing.
Both Ambrym and Benbow at least vaguely sound like British or (in particular) Welsh names, even though at least Ambrym (not as sure about Benbow) is of indigenous origin.
Wonderful videos that take me back to my college days. The only thing I would like is to discuss the location at the beginning instead of half way through the video. Keep up the great work. I love the videos.
Very cool volcano, the complexities of it make it interesting. Love that it had not one but two active lava lakes for a long time. They were also hella violent compared to others but somehow mostly stable.
Umm, i think you need to atleast show us where is this volcanp llcated before jumping into whats happening, because im confused where is this volcano is located until i made it to the middle of the video o.o
I guess the locals aren't able to generate an income from visitors as a result of the recent activity. It's a shame as they're really don't have much. I went there in 2016. Seeing Marum's lava lake was mind blowing. It's still the greatest thing I've ever seen.
Well, plenty of geothermal regions around the world have copious quantities of steaming ground and are relatively safe. The Maori of New Zealand even cook in fumaroles with low sulfur content. Its only terrifying when it occurs in a new location.
The Vanuatu Islands where Ambrym is located lie about 1600 km or 1000 miles northeast of Australia and just east of the long island of New Caledonia. This is a very active region for volcanoes.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 bunch of islands , malakula is 2nd largest with 22k inhabitants,part of Melanesia forming a triad with Micronesia & Polynesian,,,
Hi 👋 from México 🇲🇽, could you explain the reasons of some big and long fissures opened on 2017 near of the Popocatepetl volcano 🌋 on Puebla’s side, they opened on September 19th when an earthquake stroke with an epicenter “near” of the volcano between the states of Puebla and Morelos (in the center of the country) which is unusual cause all earthquakes happened in the pacific coast/ocean
Vanuatu is one of those places that just never seem to make it into the news except for this sort of thing. But I think there have been some post colonial conflicts.
Here in NZ we get quite a few people from Vanuatu coming over for work, often in orchards and harvesting. They’re generally lovely, friendly people who are trying to make some money to send to their family at home.
When you report that a particular volcano erupted with a particular blast in some (long) time ago, how do you know this? Were there human observers in 50AD (e.g.)? Or are geologists making models and calculating? Or other forms for dating and tracking of eruptions? Please take a moment when you get a chance to explain the history of the volcanos you report on. Thanks, Mike
A quick Google search reveals several possible means to date a volcanic eruption. The most accurate is if a tree that died in the lava flow then the tree rings can be analysed and correlated with other trees in the area in a field of study called dendrochronology. The tree can also be carbon dated to get a fairly accurate date. If there are trees killed by the eruption that certain radioactive isotopes in the lave can be used to determine a date. The potassium/argon relationship is often used in dating volcanic eruptions and can also date material that is in excess of the maximum age the carbon dating is effective which 50,000 years.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 so are all (most) of the volcanos reviewed previously studied and have a history. Are all volcanos eruptions tracked and dated and have had tree studies? it seems as if most of the volcanos reviewed on this channel have a history of eruption with scale and type etc. Is there a database of volcanos? is their (collective) study partitioned among volcanologists? is there a backlog of volcanos not yet studied tracked eruptions dated? do we get "surprised" by volcanos that aren't on any list? sorry, I'm naturally full of questions and its difficult to find the small group who have the answers. thx for your answer and any additional. Best regards, Mike
@@MikeLisanke I am always glad to see that someone is interested in knowing more about volcanoes. I have been interested in volcanoes and geology especially since living in New Mexico for quite a few years. We have about every kind of volcano there is here though nothing has erupted in a few thousand years. Here's a few responses to some of what you are asking. As I said in the last comment some volcanoes are dated by radioactive isotopes like potassium/argon that are too ancient to be dated by Carbon 14. C14 requires organic material anyway. I'm not aware of a database for volcanoes although the next best thing are volcano observatories such as one in Alaska that monitors volcanoes there. And there are others around the earth. As far as volcanoes not yet studied yet, this list would likely include almost exclusively submarine volcanoes which are countless in number. Also there probably some volcanoes in remote areas such as in the Andes Mountains that haven't erupted for a long time and are considered extinct. One such volcano in southern Chile hadn't erupted in 9000 years then suddenly did so some 10 or 12 years ago. You can bet that surprised a lot of volcanologists! Other volcanoes do surprise researchers at times because of uncharacteristic behavior. More recently Honga Tunga Honga Ha'apai surprised everyone by its violent eruption. Research on volcanoes is constantly evolving and learning something new.
@@kukulroukul4698 Ha'apai* I know settle down I just couldn't be bothered spelling the whole thing when I knew everyone knows what I'm talking about but of course there has to be that one, and even you got it wrong lol
1:19 So the magma chamber gets inundated with sea water towards the coast moving the pressure out towards the sea, wouldn't that create a larger land mass? There are new islands popping up out at sea recently causing the rise in sea levels and literally has nothing to do with carbon emissions and more to do with water displacement from volcanic activity.
The volume of water displaced by new volcanic landmasses is insignficant compared to the volume of water being added to the oceans from global warming-induced icemelt.
@@islandvibez Let's do the math then: glacial volume estimates are around 150,000 cubic km. The big island of Hawaii is about 10,000 square km, and the average ocean depth in that area is about 6km, yielding a crude estimate of only 60,000 cubic km of displaced water. Given that most volcanic islands don't even reach this size, the potential sea level rise from global-warming induced melting far exceeds that of water displacement from volcanic island-building. You could do a more granular analysis if you bothered to track down estimates of annual meltwater runoff into the ocean and compare that with estimates of land area change from island-building and erosion, but given that you didn't even run the simplest of back-of-the-envelope estimations before opening your mouth, I doubt you would have done it anyway. Shut up, Bro.
You seem to think volcanos only add elevation to land mass. You are ignoring events such as Hunga Ha'apai where large undersea calderas are formed and fill with sea water. Sea level rise the past two centuries or so is mostly driven by the expansion of sea water as it warms. Add to that some glacial melt. Both are the results of us humans changing the atmosphere and land surface. If you still don't want to believe that... well what can convince you? If you think sea level is rising due to volcanos, ask yourself how long volcanos have been on this planet, and why for several thousand years before 1800 sea level rose on average of ~1mm/yr, while since the modern age sea level rise has accelerated to ~3mm/yr and in the recent two decades is even a bit more than that.
@@TheDanEdwards great point about thermal expansion of seawater! Another thing I was thinking of doing to show how patently ridiculous this volcanism-driven sea level rise was to sum up the volume of tephra ejected each year, convert that to volume of magma, and compare that against meltwater runoff volumes in the same timeframe.
This may sound crazy but I have been wondering if there were any volcanic activity in the Ashland Kentucky area. Like millions of years ago. We do have earthquakes in the area. Some in Ohio, some in Kentucky, some in West Virginia. But not often. This area is very much geologically active. I know this sounds crazy but I have to ask.
The Smokies are a folded uplift range, not a volcanic one. Look up the New Madrid fault for a better idea of where the forces involved are coming from. (Something to do with the weight of the Smokey mountains if I remember correctly - that class was a lot of years ago)
@@muninrob The Madrid earthquake was in 1811 and 1812. Didn't know about the Smokey Mountain uplift. Need to read about that. The Madrid fault line is way over do for major earthquake. It will hit such places as St St Louis, Memphis. But we will also feel it wake. The earthquake of 1811 was felt in Chicago, Boston. Washington DC, and in South Carolina at the same time. It woke the President at that time out of a sound sleep. In Boston of 1811 it rang a church bell. It also created Crater lake in Tennessee. This is how powerful 1811 earthquake was. The Madrid fault line is a over do ticking time bomb. Are we that live in the area's it will hit are ready for it? My answer would be a resounding NO.
It might seem like I am nondecisive in this video, but this owes to the fact that I can't truly rule out any of the 4 possible eruption scenarios. The large amount of magma present is quite worrying, and combined with the cracks that formed near several population centers in 2018, I wanted to cover all possibilities. As a final thought, there is a highly unlikely but theoretically possible 5th scenario; a basaltic plinian eruption. This scenario would become more likely if an explosive eruption began at Lewolembwi and then unexpectedly escalated. ~0.5 km^3 of magma is sufficient to generate a large VEI 4 eruption, although this scenario is still quite unlikely.
hey do you think you can make a video on the asteroid crater in antartica that has a diameter of 500km because i heard you talk about it in your siberian traps flood basalt eruption video and i was wondering if you could make a video explaining the asteroid crater and wonder how large was the asteroid that formed it and how many tons of tnt was the explosion from it as well as how much devistation it caused in a certain radius like, how far away from the impact site ignited into flames and how far away were trees and plant-life were flattened by the shockwave cause i really want to know about it.
by the way the asteroid crater is called the wilkes land anomaly due to the fact we don't know what caused it but we theorized that it was caused by a giant asteroid.
and i also want to add a question here: if the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs caused an earthquake with a magnitude between 10.3 and 13.0 on the richter scale, then how big was the earthquake from the wilkes land asteroid?
i know it's a little weird but i'm curious and want to know everything about the asteoroid that cause the 500km wide crater and the siberian traps eruption on the other side of the world.
i hope this gets a reply sooner or later
@@dilloncoleman5029 I plan to. However, I am waiting for a study to further narrow down/approximate when it formed.
Given the situation of the craters already, perhaps this time the hotspot is moving to that new location?
Better to err on the side of caution as you have here...
@@GeologyHub i formed around the same time as the siberian traps did. about 250 million years ago. there's some sites on google that says the age of when it formed and it's age is 250 million years agoaround the same time as when the siberian traps occured
I would love a video on the ancient volcanoes of the Auvergne region of southern France.
Will have to keep on eye on this situation, make sure to do some follow ups!
I was going to say people would be crazy to live there, but then I remembered I live in Auckland New Zealand, where there are about 50 old volcanic cones in the city's built-up area, with a high probability of new one, but within an uncertain time frame.
I still think Ambrym is one of the most badass sounding names ever.
Almost as menacing as mount chocolate.
Wow. Going in October possibly as Vanuatu is open for travel again. Wish there were nice tarmac roads on Ambrym to crack and steam like your photo as a warning 😅 Great, detailed explanation. I will avoid the eastern rift zone, as immediate evacuation chances are zero. Hope we are not in for a major explosive event.
The same dangers apply whether roads are paved, dirt, animal trails, or nonexistent. You can stay on the eastern half of the island, just I’d stay away from the older maars and cracks which formed in 2018. Ambrym is one of the planet’s most scenic volcanoes, and those in my audience who visited greatly enjoyed it. Yes there isn’t much infrastructure, but to be honest many nations with highly active volcanoes are like this.
@@GeologyHub This will be my second visit. We walked up from local villages last time through the jungle to the ash plane. We stayed in one such village for the duration. This time I think we will try to get a helicopter to the summit as it was a hell of a trek.
@@TheAverageGuy12 I sadly have not visited but do plan to visit as a secondary stop if something major occurs in Indonesia or New Zealand. Was the length, difficulty, or vegetation the hardest part of the hike?
@@GeologyHub All of it. Hiking up and down hills on narrow muddy tracks. There was another path from town where the small plane lands but it was cut off due to weather damage. Great experience though to learn & stay with the villagers.
Thanks for the update. We live in the village of Ranvetlam in the North West. We'd be happy to host. We can send a boat down to Craig Cove. Village brothers would love to host and guide a tour up. The trek from our village is about 5 hours up and 4 down. Of course, one can choose to sleep at the top. That experience is well worth the effort.
This seems a _lot_ like Leilani Estates 2.0, its even on an eastern rift zone. Rift zones on highly active volcanoes have gotta be one of the _worst_ possible places to build. Seems people near Nyiragongo, Kilauea, Mauna Loa, and Ambrym are all guilty of this mistake (although the ones in Hawaii are far more egregious considering those were built in a country with the resources to know just how bad it was). Hopefully this turns out to be nothing.
Both Ambrym and Benbow at least vaguely sound like British or (in particular) Welsh names, even though at least Ambrym (not as sure about Benbow) is of indigenous origin.
I'd love a video on the largest landslide known on land that formed Heart Mountain.
Wonderful videos that take me back to my college days. The only thing I would like is to discuss the location at the beginning instead of half way through the video. Keep up the great work. I love the videos.
Very cool volcano, the complexities of it make it interesting. Love that it had not one but two active lava lakes for a long time. They were also hella violent compared to others but somehow mostly stable.
Thank you.
Great vid- but I do wish you'd state which country you're talking about at the very beginning....
good point !
Umm, i think you need to atleast show us where is this volcanp llcated before jumping into whats happening, because im confused where is this volcano is located until i made it to the middle of the video o.o
I would like to know how Niagara Falls was formed.
You should do a video on the Ossipee caldera in Eastern New Hampshire!
Pretty sure he did. Check his videos from March of this year.
I wonder what would a basaltic plinian eruption look like?
A basaltic plinian eruption is based on an especially high production of basaltic lava.
Thank you I'd say yes we definitely could be in for explosive surprise.
September I’m calling it now
o we have any video of a fresh eruption from unbroken ground right at the moment it reaches the surface?
I guess the locals aren't able to generate an income from visitors as a result of the recent activity. It's a shame as they're really don't have much. I went there in 2016. Seeing Marum's lava lake was mind blowing. It's still the greatest thing I've ever seen.
I know you mostly focus on volcanos, but will you do a video on the Trona Pinnacles?
“Ground steaming” sounds terrifying.
Well, plenty of geothermal regions around the world have copious quantities of steaming ground and are relatively safe. The Maori of New Zealand even cook in fumaroles with low sulfur content. Its only terrifying when it occurs in a new location.
Could a general location be told, like south east of India or the southern pacific, near Astralia, for us geography challenged?
I believe South Africa.
The Vanuatu Islands where Ambrym is located lie about 1600 km or 1000 miles northeast of Australia and just east of the long island of New Caledonia. This is a very active region for volcanoes.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 bunch of islands , malakula is 2nd largest with 22k inhabitants,part of Melanesia forming a triad with Micronesia & Polynesian,,,
Hi 👋 from México 🇲🇽, could you explain the reasons of some big and long fissures opened on 2017 near of the Popocatepetl volcano 🌋 on Puebla’s side, they opened on September 19th when an earthquake stroke with an epicenter “near” of the volcano between the states of Puebla and Morelos (in the center of the country) which is unusual cause all earthquakes happened in the pacific coast/ocean
👀🙏
I think that was an intraslab earthquake, which means the the rupture occurred in the subducting slab -- in this case, the Cocos plate.
Vanuatu is one of those places that just never seem to make it into the news except for this sort of thing. But I think there have been some post colonial conflicts.
Vanutau also served as a major base of operations for the Allies during the bloody Solomon Islands campaign.
Here in NZ we get quite a few people from Vanuatu coming over for work, often in orchards and harvesting. They’re generally lovely, friendly people who are trying to make some money to send to their family at home.
In Indonesia we know them for the spat they have with us at the UN general assembly last year
@@farhanatashiga3721 what happened to cause that?
When you report that a particular volcano erupted with a particular blast in some (long) time ago, how do you know this? Were there human observers in 50AD (e.g.)? Or are geologists making models and calculating? Or other forms for dating and tracking of eruptions? Please take a moment when you get a chance to explain the history of the volcanos you report on. Thanks, Mike
A quick Google search reveals several possible means to date a volcanic eruption. The most accurate is if a tree that died in the lava flow then the tree rings can be analysed and correlated with other trees in the area in a field of study called dendrochronology. The tree can also be carbon dated to get a fairly accurate date.
If there are trees killed by the eruption that certain radioactive isotopes in the lave can be used to determine a date. The potassium/argon relationship is often used in dating volcanic eruptions and can also date material that is in excess of the maximum age the carbon dating is effective which 50,000 years.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 so are all (most) of the volcanos reviewed previously studied and have a history. Are all volcanos eruptions tracked and dated and have had tree studies? it seems as if most of the volcanos reviewed on this channel have a history of eruption with scale and type etc. Is there a database of volcanos? is their (collective) study partitioned among volcanologists? is there a backlog of volcanos not yet studied tracked eruptions dated? do we get "surprised" by volcanos that aren't on any list? sorry, I'm naturally full of questions and its difficult to find the small group who have the answers. thx for your answer and any additional. Best regards, Mike
@@MikeLisanke I am always glad to see that someone is interested in knowing more about volcanoes. I have been interested in volcanoes and geology especially since living in New Mexico for quite a few years. We have about every kind of volcano there is here though nothing has erupted in a few thousand years. Here's a few responses to some of what you are asking.
As I said in the last comment some volcanoes are dated by radioactive isotopes like potassium/argon that are too ancient to be dated by Carbon 14. C14 requires organic material anyway.
I'm not aware of a database for volcanoes although the next best thing are volcano observatories such as one in Alaska that monitors volcanoes there. And there are others around the earth.
As far as volcanoes not yet studied yet, this list would likely include almost exclusively submarine volcanoes which are countless in number. Also there probably some volcanoes in remote areas such as in the Andes Mountains that haven't erupted for a long time and are considered extinct. One such volcano in southern Chile hadn't erupted in 9000 years then suddenly did so some 10 or 12 years ago. You can bet that surprised a lot of volcanologists!
Other volcanoes do surprise researchers at times because of uncharacteristic behavior. More recently Honga Tunga Honga Ha'apai surprised everyone by its violent eruption. Research on volcanoes is constantly evolving and learning something new.
What's this I hear about the underwater volcano off the coast of Italy getting active or what not. Video please. I need the content. 😁
do a video on cofre de perote volcano
do a vid on Citlaltépetl in mexico
Chichipica a villige near the volcano
Your mic appears to be clipping quite bad in this video. It's all crackley even though my volume isn't that high. (Mobile)
Oh, disregard it goes away.
NOSSA BEM PERIGOSO!!
That's a weird volcano.
its in between shield and strato
its like a strato that CANT hold it for long :d
Meanwhile Fiji is sitting the middle of the Ambrym and Hunga Tonga-Hunga...
Haapai
@@kukulroukul4698 Ha'apai*
I know settle down I just couldn't be bothered spelling the whole thing when I knew everyone knows what I'm talking about but of course there has to be that one, and even you got it wrong lol
@@fayeharrison1741 i couldnt help myself :P
Vanuatu. A Very dangerous area.
🕵🏾♂️💬this photonics thing could be a problem alright
1:19 So the magma chamber gets inundated with sea water towards the coast moving the pressure out towards the sea, wouldn't that create a larger land mass? There are new islands popping up out at sea recently causing the rise in sea levels and literally has nothing to do with carbon emissions and more to do with water displacement from volcanic activity.
The volume of water displaced by new volcanic landmasses is insignficant compared to the volume of water being added to the oceans from global warming-induced icemelt.
@@idstealth Source: Trust Me Bro
@@islandvibez Let's do the math then: glacial volume estimates are around 150,000 cubic km. The big island of Hawaii is about 10,000 square km, and the average ocean depth in that area is about 6km, yielding a crude estimate of only 60,000 cubic km of displaced water.
Given that most volcanic islands don't even reach this size, the potential sea level rise from global-warming induced melting far exceeds that of water displacement from volcanic island-building.
You could do a more granular analysis if you bothered to track down estimates of annual meltwater runoff into the ocean and compare that with estimates of land area change from island-building and erosion, but given that you didn't even run the simplest of back-of-the-envelope estimations before opening your mouth, I doubt you would have done it anyway.
Shut up, Bro.
You seem to think volcanos only add elevation to land mass. You are ignoring events such as Hunga Ha'apai where large undersea calderas are formed and fill with sea water.
Sea level rise the past two centuries or so is mostly driven by the expansion of sea water as it warms. Add to that some glacial melt. Both are the results of us humans changing the atmosphere and land surface.
If you still don't want to believe that... well what can convince you? If you think sea level is rising due to volcanos, ask yourself how long volcanos have been on this planet, and why for several thousand years before 1800 sea level rose on average of ~1mm/yr, while since the modern age sea level rise has accelerated to ~3mm/yr and in the recent two decades is even a bit more than that.
@@TheDanEdwards great point about thermal expansion of seawater! Another thing I was thinking of doing to show how patently ridiculous this volcanism-driven sea level rise was to sum up the volume of tephra ejected each year, convert that to volume of magma, and compare that against meltwater runoff volumes in the same timeframe.
Which volcano has the highest chance to erupt, that has been the longest time since its last eruption
This may sound crazy but I have been wondering if there were any volcanic activity in the Ashland Kentucky area. Like millions of years ago. We do have earthquakes in the area. Some in Ohio, some in Kentucky, some in West Virginia. But not often. This area is very much geologically active. I know this sounds crazy but I have to ask.
The Smokies are a folded uplift range, not a volcanic one. Look up the New Madrid fault for a better idea of where the forces involved are coming from. (Something to do with the weight of the Smokey mountains if I remember correctly - that class was a lot of years ago)
@@muninrob The Madrid earthquake was in 1811 and 1812. Didn't know about the Smokey Mountain uplift. Need to read about that. The Madrid fault line is way over do for major earthquake. It will hit such places as St St Louis, Memphis. But we will also feel it wake. The earthquake of 1811 was felt in Chicago, Boston. Washington DC, and in South Carolina at the same time. It woke the President at that time out of a sound sleep. In Boston of 1811 it rang a church bell. It also created Crater lake in Tennessee. This is how powerful 1811 earthquake was. The Madrid fault line is a over do ticking time bomb. Are we that live in the area's it will hit are ready for it? My answer would be a resounding NO.
@@muninrob new Madrid is thought to have been an old flood basalt - perhaps the same hotspot that produced Bermuda
🌱🌏💚
Everybody knows where Ambram is. No need to explain
First
Sorry but I'd rather support Dutchsinse, and value his input.
Of course, support the conspiracy peddler