Cisco CCNA Packet Tracer Ultimate labs: Quality of Service (QoS) Lab. Answers Part 1

Packet Tracer file (PT Version 7.1): goo.gl/twE2R2
Get the Packet Tracer course for only $10 by clicking here: goo.gl/vikgKN
Get my ICND1 and ICND2 courses for $10 here: goo.gl/XR1xm9 (you will get ICND2 as a free bonus when you buy the ICND1 course).
For lots more content, visit www.davidbombal... - learn about GNS3, CCNA, Packet Tracer, Python, Ansible and much, much more.
#CCNA #PacketTracer #CCENT
QoS is the measure of transmission quality and service availability of a network (or internetworks).
Service availability is a crucial foundation element of QoS. The network infrastructure must be designed to be highly available before you can successfully implement QoS. The target for High Availability is 99.999 % uptime, with only five minutes of downtime permitted per year. The transmission quality of the network is determined by the following factors:
•Loss-A relative measure of the number of packets that were not received compared to the total number of packets transmitted. Loss is typically a function of availability. If the network is Highly Available, then loss during periods of non-congestion would be essentially zero. During periods of congestion, however, QoS mechanisms can determine which packets are more suitable to be selectively dropped to alleviate the congestion.
•Delay-The finite amount of time it takes a packet to reach the receiving endpoint after being transmitted from the sending endpoint. In the case of voice, this is the amount of time it takes for a sound to travel from the speaker’s mouth to a listener’s ear.
•Delay variation (Jitter)-The difference in the end-to-end delay between packets. For example, if one packet requires 100 ms to traverse the network from the source endpoint to the destination endpoint and the following packet requires 125 ms to make the same trip, then the delay variation is 25 ms.
Each end station in a Voice over IP (VoIP) or Video over IP conversation uses a jitter buffer to smooth out changes in the arrival times of voice data packets. Although jitter buffers are dynamic and adaptive, they may not be able to compensate for instantaneous changes in arrival times of packets. This can lead to jitter buffer over-runs and under-runs, both of which result in an audible degradation of call quality.
Translation:
Okay in this lab, we need to implement quality of service.
Let’s have a look at router 1.
On router 1, enter password of cisco type show run
We can see some configuration on the router but there is no quality of service configuration on the router.
So as an example, on this interface, no service policy has been applied. We don’t see any class maps or we don’t see any policy maps on the router.
So conf t we’re told that we need to match a voice traffic using NBAR and specifically RTP.
Let’s create a class map and I’ll use the name of voice.
Now you can specify match all or match any. I’m not going to do that here but notice by default, match all is used.
In this example, we’ve only got a single match statement. So that won’t make any difference. So what are we going to match?
In this example we want to match a protocol.
The protocol that we want to match is RTP. So we want to match Real Time Protocol.
By doing that we are leveraging Network Based Application Recognition or NBARr on the router.
We now need to match HTTP traffic using NBAR and we’re going to set the DSCP to AF 31.
Let’s create another class map.
In this case I’m going to match HTTP and again I’m going to say
match protocol http
Next step is to match ICMP traffic using NBAR.
So class-map icmp
You could use any names here but I’m simply going to match based on the protocol.
So I’m going to make the class the same as the protocol.
So as an example, I’ve created an HTTP class that’s matching HTTP.
I’ve created an ICMP class that’s matching ICMP that have used the word voice to match RTP. You could use any descriptive name that you like for your class map.
Okay so once we’ve created our class maps, the next thing we need to do is create a policy map and you need to give it a name. I’m going to call this mark.
In the exam, follow the names that you’re told to use. But here we can use really any name that we want to. We then we need to match a class that exists. So we can’t just specify something like test. The class map test doesn’t exist. We need to specify a class that we’ve created such as voice and then we need to decide what to do with a voice traffic that’s matched.
We’re told to set the DSCP to EF.
So set ip dscp and notice here’s a list of DSCP values.
This is very nice because we can see both the name as well as the binary representation of DSCP value.