You have greatly helped my understanding of material properties. I saw this in my material science classes, but had some horrible lecturers. I decided to watch this video because I was looking for some info on hardening steels for knife making, and I have seen your other videos in the past. I have to say, you always do a great job explaining very complicated subjects in a simple concise matter. Thank you for doing what you do! As for d mac, he shows two methods, the blow torch and the kiln. Watching material harden is like watching paint dry.
Well Thanks, that was very informative! My Dad was a Tool & Die Maker & I spent a lot of my early years in machine shops on Saturdays as he worked on side jobs. One thing I remember doing was hardening steel, as you've shown - heating to cherry-red & quenching. I remember Dad also adding Carbon to steel in an electric furnace by covering it (the steel work-piece) with coal and or charcoal and bringing the temperature up & holding it (temp) elevated for the carbon in the charcoal / coal to migrate into / penetrate the steel. He showed me how we could make a piece of coat-hanger wire into a tiny knife blade by flattening, carbonizing, hardening, annealing then sharpening. I was only 8 or 9 and didn't fully appreciate what I was being shown, not right away,
I've been watching videos about forging and have been wondering about the actual differences between tempering, normalizing, hardening and annealing. You're video was very good at explaining it, especially with the examples you demonstrated.
Hi Ben, I study Mechatronics Engineering here in Brazil and this is a big part of one of my classes. We did absolutely everything as you did, testing heating and breaking points, crystalline structures, etc. Very good video as always. Thank you very much!
You most definitely did a great job explaining how these processes actually work and in which order they are to be completed in to obtain whatever properties are desired. Great video and thank you for breaking it down. Very informational.
I've been watching your videos for a long time and recently got interested in heat treating steel, it was nice to discover that you had this excellent explanation of it.
I'm an engineer long since removed from college. It's been quite a while since I've seen a stress/strain graph and you sir did a fine job of explaining it...better than I remember learning it the first time. The applied tests are superb and really help illustrate the theory. Well done!
Yes. Thank you for this video. I was never quite to sure on all that, and it's nice to see it approached like this, with examples. It would make for a great in depth analysis review. Keep up the fantastic work!
I went to a mechanical engineering university and none explained this stuff enough like you did in this video ben, they didnt show us any experiment too. another great and highly educational video.
Im 15 and i just learned more information in 17 minutes 29 seconds than i was taught all day at school today GREAT JOB ben keep up the amazingly educational and intriguing videos:)
Wow! I'm new to knife making and was having trouble understanding exactly why the heat treating and tempering are done. Your video made it super easy to understand. Great job!
You are awesome. You probably hear that every day but you have so much knowledge. The greatest part about this is that you use this for useful applications. Your you tube channel name is 100% fitting. I wish I I had the "in" to just hang with you. I am a mental sponge and just like to learn how things work and you just put things into perspective. Thank you most people would PAY for this info for a instructor to fly through lectures leaving you confused. Thank you for what you do.
Hey Ben, Thanks for this excellent video too. While you would really need to pull the samples to get a more straight forward assessment of tensile strength, I appreciate the bending test, because it relates to the real world more readily. The difference in each radius resulting in the normalized vs your heat treated samples is a great indication of work hardening and gives some insight the stress concentration involved in the higher strength samples failing under far less load. . Also, it is interesting to note that it is possible to harden low carbon steel like a coat hanger with methods very similar to what you describe, thought the hardness will be more apparent in a file test than a bending test. . Carbon diffuses through steel at elevated temperature. This can cause a reduction in carbon in the outer layers of steel when it is at high temperature, so it is important to be aware of this and its possible ramifications. This phenomena is also useful for increasing the carbon levels in steel near the surface. This can be utilized to case harden many types of low carbon steel, providing a hard wear resistant surface, but still maintaining the ductility of low carbon steel for the whole piece. . A convenient low tech way to accomplish this for small pieces of steel from coat hangers or more usefully with things like knives,: - Use a lighter to apply a layer of soot to the piece by holding the piece in the lighter flame. - Use a more powerful torch to heat the entire piece up to a red glow and hold it there for a short time to allow the carbon to diffuse inward... a carburizing or neutral flame would be preferable to oxidizing. -Quench and temper. . Anyway, thanks again for this great video and the many others you have made.
I just took a metallics class at Texas A&M and I approve of this video :D Very helpful, I'm glad you didn't throw crazy vocabulary around as that would have confused many people that don't know about this subject.
I had a bucket of confusing myths and random facts about this topic and your video was a great way to sort things out. Thanks for sharing your nerdiness
This is very helpful, feels like I'm in school or uni. Thanks for the upload!!! That file trick is pretty handy, I noticed when trying to file a hard steel, It felt like there was no progress, it was smooth. I did learn annealing in work experience at a jewellery shop where you heat the silver up then let it cool down slowly, then you can work on it like draw silver wire through different size holes to make the wire thinner. Pretty cool stuff.
Hi Ben, I really appreciate that you made this video. Its a great introduction to the hardening processes, without being too overwhelming. Thank you very much! :) Michel
You have a wonderful method of explaining complex issues. There is useful content in all your videos, regardless of topic, you are a fabulous teacher. I especially enjoyed / learned from this one. Thanks. Ross
Thanks for the video! I've a question: what if you were trying to soften the steel, but maintain elasticity? ie to make it deform elastically at lower loads? would longer cooling times help?
7 ปีที่แล้ว
Great video thank you for posting , I have a question what is the different in tempering once or two or three times ?
Very nicely explained the basic idea. You could go into more depth, but that wouldn't be for the general public, that'll be for scientists and engineers. Keep it coming. Amazing content you've got there boss.
Round of applause and a like..... Bravo! Perfect execution of explaining how the hardening and tempering process works. Now I can skip a class, thanks man I appreciate the effort good luck.
It is pretty rare to have the instructor who not only understands the material and can apply it, but can also actually teach or convey it to other people. If for some reason the students don't understand, repeating the same words again just doesn't work, other words need to be chosen to get the point across. I can only think of a handful instructors from high school and college who had this talent. I believe Ben has this gift.
Practice becomes chancy & theory becomes ivory-tower-boring when isolated. It is the hallmark of a very, very, good teacher to provide the missing link. Like you just did, and words fail me in praising you adequately. Anyway, cheers !
Very informative and explained in the simplest manner. Would you be able to advise me on a heat treatment related subject ? I want to manufacture a steel tube that would have flexible expanding feet at the end and axial splits across diameter for the reason of radial expansion. I am working on a project to design a temporary single sided fastener for aerospace assembly. My question is that how to manufacture such flexible clamping fingers in a collapsed position which can expand through a driving mechanism and collapse back too again.
The upper-case Greek letter delta is often used to represent the relative change in some quantity. So, "delta L" is the change in length for a given beginning and ending condition. Lower-case delta can indicate the deflection of a mechanical system under load.
Hi Ben: Great primer on the subject. Ran some steel rod through the procedure you outline and had some good results. Need to learn a bit more and do a bit more fiddling. Thanks, Cheers, Mark
Great video. I'll have to watch it again to get a better understanding of how to re-harden the pallet nails that come from my woodburner. Reheat to red heat and then cool quickly but not suddenly??
![เจอประจำ ตอน พักเที่ยง [EP.32]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/jvqk6uJoVks/mqdefault.jpg)
You have greatly helped my understanding of material properties. I saw this in my material science classes, but had some horrible lecturers. I decided to watch this video because I was looking for some info on hardening steels for knife making, and I have seen your other videos in the past. I have to say, you always do a great job explaining very complicated subjects in a simple concise matter.
Thank you for doing what you do!
As for d mac, he shows two methods, the blow torch and the kiln. Watching material harden is like watching paint dry.
luvmyTM1911 Thanks! Let me know if you ever have a suggestion for a video topic.
+Applied Science Great video, thought about maybe using this to make primitive drillbits. Think it'll work?
Have you seen Alec Steele's channel? He's a mad blacksmith
Yes but can you stab, bludgeon, lacerate, or simply make a al47 receiver with dried paint??
I want to know how to make steel flexible?
Well Thanks, that was very informative! My Dad was a Tool & Die Maker & I spent a lot of my early years in machine shops on Saturdays as he worked on side jobs. One thing I remember doing was hardening steel, as you've shown - heating to cherry-red & quenching. I remember Dad also adding Carbon to steel in an electric furnace by covering it (the steel work-piece) with coal and or charcoal and bringing the temperature up & holding it (temp) elevated for the carbon in the charcoal / coal to migrate into / penetrate the steel. He showed me how we could make a piece of coat-hanger wire into a tiny knife blade by flattening, carbonizing, hardening, annealing then sharpening. I was only 8 or 9 and didn't fully appreciate what I was being shown, not right away,
By this time You must be a highly skilled person. Long live thanks.
This goes in my "Best lectures" hall of fame. I'd like to see a follow up that shows detail about deformation over time.
"Ok I hope that was helpful"
You know damn well that it was helpful! Thanks a lot.
TwiztidShet -----You should never give up hope.
You replied to a 3 year old post??!? I *HOPE* he gets a laugh out of it :)
DrKnow65
@@DrKnow65 I HOPE you find this funny too
@@DrKnow65 who cares !
I've been watching videos about forging and have been wondering about the actual differences between tempering, normalizing, hardening and annealing. You're video was very good at explaining it, especially with the examples you demonstrated.
Hi Ben, I study Mechatronics Engineering here in Brazil and this is a big part of one of my classes. We did absolutely everything as you did, testing heating and breaking points, crystalline structures, etc. Very good video as always. Thank you very much!
Wish I'd had this to reference during my materials science classes!
You most definitely did a great job explaining how these processes actually work and in which order they are to be completed in to obtain whatever properties are desired. Great video and thank you for breaking it down. Very informational.
I've been watching your videos for a long time and recently got interested in heat treating steel, it was nice to discover that you had this excellent explanation of it.
A truly excellent tutorial, has summarised most things I 'know' in a wonderful, concise, clear video. You have my respect sir!
I'm an engineer long since removed from college. It's been quite a while since I've seen a stress/strain graph and you sir did a fine job of explaining it...better than I remember learning it the first time.
The applied tests are superb and really help illustrate the theory. Well done!
for more than 20 years i am a engineer and this is the best way i ever see how hardening works good job interested inthe rest of you videos
this is likely the best and most informative video I've seen on youtube. Extremely concise and easy to follow. And super informative.
Perfect mixture of practical and info about physics involved... Was very helpful, thank you
Your "bridge" got me to the point that I realized how much more I'd like to learn. Thank you!
Yes. Thank you for this video. I was never quite to sure on all that, and it's nice to see it approached like this, with examples. It would make for a great in depth analysis review. Keep up the fantastic work!
I went to a mechanical engineering university and none explained this stuff enough like you did in this video ben, they didnt show us any experiment too. another great and highly educational video.
This is great. It makes so much sense when you think about materials like glass in a Prince Rupert's drop. Thanks for the time you put into this Ben.
Im 15 and i just learned more information in 17 minutes 29 seconds than i was taught all day at school today GREAT JOB ben keep up the amazingly educational and intriguing videos:)
Great video, you cleared up load of things my father tried explaining to me as a child. Now all the pieces fit together.
Wow! I'm new to knife making and was having trouble understanding exactly why the heat treating and tempering are done. Your video made it super easy to understand. Great job!
Been confounded on heat treating and annealing steel and glass for a while before this.
Than thanks.
You are awesome. You probably hear that every day but you have so much knowledge. The greatest part about this is that you use this for useful applications. Your you tube channel name is 100% fitting. I wish I I had the "in" to just hang with you. I am a mental sponge and just like to learn how things work and you just put things into perspective. Thank you most people would PAY for this info for a instructor to fly through lectures leaving you confused. Thank you for what you do.
Best I'v ever seen on the subject ! Thanks, professor.
Best explanation of the hardening proces I've seen so far. Easy to understand even for a noob :)
Like many others I impressed with and grateful for this video in equal quantities. Thank you very much for posting it, you’ve filled many gaps.
Great information ! ! ! You are an effective teacher, Thank You.
I've looked at a bunch of videos, and you covered all the basics.
Hey Ben,
Thanks for this excellent video too.
While you would really need to pull the samples to get a more straight forward assessment of tensile strength, I appreciate the bending test, because it relates to the real world more readily.
The difference in each radius resulting in the normalized vs your heat treated samples is a great indication of work hardening and gives some insight the stress concentration involved in the higher strength samples failing under far less load.
.
Also, it is interesting to note that it is possible to harden low carbon steel like a coat hanger with methods very similar to what you describe, thought the hardness will be more apparent in a file test than a bending test.
.
Carbon diffuses through steel at elevated temperature. This can cause a reduction in carbon in the outer layers of steel when it is at high temperature, so it is important to be aware of this and its possible ramifications. This phenomena is also useful for increasing the carbon levels in steel near the surface. This can be utilized to case harden many types of low carbon steel, providing a hard wear resistant surface, but still maintaining the ductility of low carbon steel for the whole piece.
.
A convenient low tech way to accomplish this for small pieces of steel from coat hangers or more usefully with things like knives,:
- Use a lighter to apply a layer of soot to the piece by holding the piece in the lighter flame.
- Use a more powerful torch to heat the entire piece up to a red glow and hold it there for a short time to allow the carbon to diffuse inward... a carburizing or neutral flame would be preferable to oxidizing.
-Quench and temper.
.
Anyway, thanks again for this great video and the many others you have made.
Thank you for teaching. To my mind, teaching is among the most noble of professions.
I just took a metallics class at Texas A&M and I approve of this video :D
Very helpful, I'm glad you didn't throw crazy vocabulary around as that would have confused many people that don't know about this subject.
This has been a really useful bit of info. You explained something that has always confused me, and you did a good job.
Excellent!!! I hope you make a video explaining the TTT curve and explain things like austempering, marquenching etc. from the curve..
Agreed, excellent overview. Good food for an engineering brain.
Fantastic explanation of how hardening and tempering is accomplished. Thank you!
Extremely helpful to have the science behind the method
Great explanation. I wish I had seen your video tutorial a few years ago. It would have saved me from a lot of hassle.
Thanks for showing us this Ben, superb presentation as always. I'm going to reference back to this one a time or two for sure!
I had a bucket of confusing myths and random facts about this topic and your video was a great way to sort things out. Thanks for sharing your nerdiness
Excellent video. I had quite a lot of this in patchy background knowledge and this tied it together nicely. Thank you!
This is very helpful, feels like I'm in school or uni. Thanks for the upload!!!
That file trick is pretty handy, I noticed when trying to file a hard steel, It felt like there was no progress, it was smooth.
I did learn annealing in work experience at a jewellery shop where you heat the silver up then let it cool down slowly, then you can work on it like draw silver wire through different size holes to make the wire thinner. Pretty cool stuff.
Hi Ben,
I really appreciate that you made this video. Its a great introduction to the hardening processes, without being too overwhelming.
Thank you very much! :)
Michel
This is probably the best explanation of the stress/strain curve...Well done!!!!
Did you make that kiln yourself and do you have (or could you make) a video about making it?
Thanks I'm an amateur knife maker currently making a blade out of a leaf spring, so this will help a lot. I thought you did a great job explaining.
You have a wonderful method of explaining complex issues.
There is useful content in all your videos, regardless of topic, you are a fabulous teacher.
I especially enjoyed / learned from this one.
Thanks.
Ross
Great work!
The testing method and examples really helped explain this in a simple way.
thanks
One of your most-excellent videos! Thanks
great explanation. thanks for the time to help others to understand the process..
all the best
Patricio
Just learning about heat treating and tempting. This video was great for this beginner. Thanks for such an informative video.
i watched this to learn one thing and wound up learning so much more. Terrific presentation!!! Thank You
Very well explained and concise, thank you for taking the time to explain this, specially with the didactic material. Cheers
Concise succinct and completely kick-ass! Good work.
This is my favorite video of yours! You should do more like it!
exactly what I was looking for. Thank you for the explanation.
This is awesome, thanks for showing me this! I was trying to find information in this and you just helped me hugely!
What a helpful video. Your explanation of these processes will help me on a up coming project, thank you.
Thanks for the video!
I've a question: what if you were trying to soften the steel, but maintain elasticity?
ie to make it deform elastically at lower loads?
would longer cooling times help?
Great video thank you for posting , I have a question what is the different in tempering once or two or three times ?
Outstanding presentation. Clear, concise and extremely informative. Thank you for this.
He explained it so well of what took me 3 weeks to study. Life.
Great Knowledge sharing... keep it up
This sort of explanation was why I subscribed in the first place, great stuff to learn about and presented very well!
That was extremley helpful in demonstrating what you can find in textbooks. My sincere thanks as a current student.
Wow...best explanation I've ever heard! Thank you!
Very nicely explained the basic idea. You could go into more depth, but that wouldn't be for the general public, that'll be for scientists and engineers.
Keep it coming. Amazing content you've got there boss.
Very well done. Simple and to the point.
Round of applause and a like.....
Bravo! Perfect execution of explaining how the hardening and tempering process works. Now I can skip a class, thanks man I appreciate the effort good luck.
Beautiful and informative video. Thanks!
This was an excellent video. I very much hope you put out more videos of this sort.
best video on heat treatment. well done for sharing knowledge
It is pretty rare to have the instructor who not only understands the material and can apply it, but can also actually teach or convey it to other people. If for some reason the students don't understand, repeating the same words again just doesn't work, other words need to be chosen to get the point across. I can only think of a handful instructors from high school and college who had this talent. I believe Ben has this gift.
I went to the top engineering school in Canada and this was 10x better than my first year materials science class.
very nice experiment. really enjoyed your channel. thanks for sharing.
Practice becomes chancy & theory becomes ivory-tower-boring when isolated. It is the hallmark of a very, very, good teacher to provide the missing link. Like you just did, and words fail me in praising you adequately. Anyway, cheers !
Always cool and informative! Thanks for another awesome video.
Thank you for a clear explanation, the file test is most useful and I have used it after hardening a small hole saw bit.
an exceptional piece of instruction. Thanks.
A very clear explanation of a complex topic. Many thanks.
Never knew Gabe from the office had this kind of knowledge. Jokes aside - perfect video.
I love your videos, you always pick the coolest obscure projects man. I'm pretty sure you're some sort of wizard, though.
Very informative! Helped me to better understand the process and reason behind it. Thanks!
Explained very well. Great Job
Very informative and explained in the simplest manner. Would you be able to advise me on a heat treatment related subject ? I want to manufacture a steel tube that would have flexible expanding feet at the end and axial splits across diameter for the reason of radial expansion. I am working on a project to design a temporary single sided fastener for aerospace assembly. My question is that how to manufacture such flexible clamping fingers in a collapsed position which can expand through a driving mechanism and collapse back too again.
Thank you! Your work is greatly appreciated!
Brilliantly explained, Thanks a lot Sir.
EXCELLENT!......highly useful and well delivered information, Thanks Much!
Such a clear and understandable explanation. Thank you very much.
Train wheel heat treating is pretty neat. They will only quench the outer rim of the wheel that makes contact with the tracks.
Excellent video. Explained very well. Thank you.
Another informative video! Thanks!
Everything I ever wanted to know and much more!!!
Excellent video. Thanks for making it.
Great explaination. Your videos are awesome. Thanks for sharing a that you do.
Wow, that was really interesting. I had seen a bit about it during my chemistry undergrad, but not as in-depth.
Thanks!
Excellent job at making a vid on heat treatment of steels.
Thank you. Wonderful teacher. You made it very easy to understand, much appreciated
The upper-case Greek letter delta is often used to represent the relative change in some quantity. So, "delta L" is the change in length for a given beginning and ending condition. Lower-case delta can indicate the deflection of a mechanical system under load.
Quite enjoyable, thank you. I think that was well layed out and explained nicely.
Well. I must say, this is an excellent presentation of a somewhat complex and confusing topic. Well done indeed.
Hi Ben: Great primer on the subject. Ran some steel rod through the procedure you outline and had some good results. Need to learn a bit more and do a bit more fiddling. Thanks, Cheers, Mark
This is a great video! Thanks for uploading.
Great video. I'll have to watch it again to get a better understanding of how to re-harden the pallet nails that come from my woodburner. Reheat to red heat and then cool quickly but not suddenly??
That was very helpful and well explained. Thank you.