Was Caligula Insane?

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 671

  • @rickb3078
    @rickb3078 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1075

    Every time I am at cross roads in my life I always ask myself: What would Caligula do?

    • @t.wcharles2171
      @t.wcharles2171 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Marry your sister and make a duck the beneficiary of your will.

    • @mitchellandersen9199
      @mitchellandersen9199 2 ปีที่แล้ว +111

      So when did you start liking femboys?

    • @MalleusIudaeorum
      @MalleusIudaeorum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +44

      @@mitchellandersen9199 *literal kids

    • @peregrine-fu
      @peregrine-fu 2 ปีที่แล้ว +63

      Probably make his horse a senator

    • @jc441-i3q
      @jc441-i3q 2 ปีที่แล้ว +32

      Caligula is my spirit animal

  • @Renwoxing13
    @Renwoxing13 2 ปีที่แล้ว +157

    Historians :
    He suggested he make a horse his consul.
    Caligula : “ You are all so useless I might as well elect my horse as consul”
    ⚫️ Rumor : Caligula made his horse a consul.
    Lmfao !

    • @semoremo9548
      @semoremo9548 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      right? I would've burst out laughing if I had heard him say that to be honest, but historians and people in general saying he actually made his horse a consul, or seriously suggested it, takes the fun out of it. All the bad things he did aside, he was kind of hilarious.

    • @GAIVSCALIGVLA
      @GAIVSCALIGVLA 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      Finally someone speaks the truth.

    • @kaloarepo288
      @kaloarepo288 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      It's very similar to 2 other allegations made about historical figures - (1) That king Canute (Knut) the Viking king of England claimed he could control the tides and (2) That queen Marie Antoinette said "Let them eat cake.' Both are taken out of context for partisan reasons - Canute was demonstrating to a flatterer that he couldn't control the tide and Marie Antoinette was referring to brioche not cake - brioche is a type of fortified bread that was actually quite available at the time and was quite cheap and nutritious whereas bread was temporarily in short supply.

    • @booksteer7057
      @booksteer7057 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      An early example of Fake News. 😅

  • @AmericanIlluminati
    @AmericanIlluminati 2 ปีที่แล้ว +164

    "Don't forget, I can do what I want." I think that statement describes his mentality perfectly. He was drunk on his own power & authority, and life became essentially a game for him. It's not that he was crazy, but rather he thought to himself, "but, who's going to tell me no?"

    • @MrFredstt
      @MrFredstt ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Too bad he didn't think of the fact that if he didn't take the needs of his citizens seriously to some extent that at some point he would have no allies and he would be forcibly removed from power. I wonder if that's what crossed his mind during his dying breath

    • @merrittanimation7721
      @merrittanimation7721 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      ⁠@@MrFredsttTo be fair it’s not so much the average citizen he alienated rather than the elites since they were in closer proximity to him.

    • @michyoung77
      @michyoung77 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      One of his most famous quotes is "Who cares if they respect me? So long as they fear me."

    • @AmericanIlluminati
      @AmericanIlluminati 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@michyoung77
      Absolute power, corrupts absolutely.

  • @kaiserwigglesiii2369
    @kaiserwigglesiii2369 2 ปีที่แล้ว +324

    Of all the things this channel has taught me, the fact that our ancestors thought and acted like us today is among the top. I can’t shake the feeling that Caligula just didn’t give a damn, a laissez-faire, bored, unrestricted “troll”. The disregard for human life aside, the stories all give off a sense of modern day sarcasm, or have some layer of irony.

    • @fruitygarlic3601
      @fruitygarlic3601 2 ปีที่แล้ว +69

      Yes. The seashell story always struck me as someone using the imperial power to mess around. He may have ordered the most powerful force in the region to get up to whimsical holiday activities during an invasion, just because it would have been funny.

    • @viderevero1338
      @viderevero1338 2 ปีที่แล้ว +50

      He was a 4channer born too soon.

    • @aSouthFloridian
      @aSouthFloridian 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      He was a performance artist.

    • @whatinthefudge5346
      @whatinthefudge5346 2 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      It was better bc races weren't mixed we obviously weren't supposed to mix that's why we are different races

    • @Lightice1
      @Lightice1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +39

      @@fruitygarlic3601 The most plausible explanation for the shell collecting I've heard was that Caligula wanted to invade Britain but the legions refused, and knowing that he would get murdered if he pressed the issue he instead decided to humiliate them by making them collect the shells and present them as bounty of their nonexistant "campaign". Refusing to do something as simple would have ridiculed the legionnaires just as much as doing it, so either way, Caligula got his petty revenge.

  • @jonscaplan
    @jonscaplan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +794

    Established Titles is a scam. Having them as a sponsor hurts the credibility of your very excellent channel. It is difficult to see this appear alongside such well researched and thoughtfully presented videos.

    • @laurensb1b
      @laurensb1b 2 ปีที่แล้ว +110

      I'm glad im not the only one thinking this. Especially for a history channel, you expect the uploader to do his due diligence and check sources. If he couldn't figure out Established Titles is a scam how can i trust the rest of his information.

    • @saartnomsky4523
      @saartnomsky4523 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      He still needs to make money idiot

    • @jadeharley8640
      @jadeharley8640 2 ปีที่แล้ว +202

      No one was talking about Established Titles being a scam until a few weeks after this video was posted. MOST TH-camrs did not know it was a scam at the time, and I'm willing to bet neither of you knew either. Toldinstone is still a perfectly credible channel (as credible as a random TH-cam video can be, at least), they just made a mistake that tons of intelligent creators on this site also seem to have made.
      It's fine to call out Established Titles, I just don't understand attacking a creator's credibility because you didn't actually look at the upload date.

    • @livrowland171
      @livrowland171 2 ปีที่แล้ว +42

      @@jadeharley8640 uploaded this November?? I've known it or similar products are a scam/joke for many years! It's pretty obvious to anyone with any legal knowledge that you obtain no official, legal ownership of any land and no noble title that would be formally recognised by any government any more than one you just awarded yourself..

    • @nick.p.9328
      @nick.p.9328 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@saartnomsky4523 so then money > dignity, right? Careful with the name calling, you might end up the one ;)

  • @TetsuShima
    @TetsuShima 2 ปีที่แล้ว +87

    Caligula's eccentricities were so great that they reached even the farthest reaches of the Empire. For example, in Judea, he attempted to introduce a statue of himself into the Great Jewish Temple, which caused enormous outrage and resistance from the Jews. Had Caligula not been assassinated shortly after ordering the statue's transfer to Jerusalem, it would have sparked a full-scale Jewish revolt. If you are interested, the Anthony Burgess novel "The Kingdom of the Wicked" and the series "A.D." (which portrays the most degenerate and insane Caligula ever conceived) recount this event. Highly recommended

    • @leoribic1691
      @leoribic1691 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I haven't seen A.D. yet, but surely he can't be worse anywhere than he is in the 1979 movie? I'm going to watch it!

    • @fieracarmen4713
      @fieracarmen4713 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Vorbiți despre Caligula în așa fel,de parcă l-ați văzut personal și știți sigur,ce fel de om era!Eu cred că a fost o victimă mult mai mult, decât tiran!

  • @TetsuShima
    @TetsuShima 2 ปีที่แล้ว +262

    6:37 Of all the depictions of Caligula's death, the best without any doubt is the one represented in the infamous 1979 movie. In this version, Caligula has long been aware that Chaerea wants to kill him. However, he doesn't move a finger because he actually wants to die in order to see his beloved sister Drusilla again, being his desire to become a God just a pathetic attempt to fill the void he has in his heart. Finally, Caligula realizes the day of his assassination that he already has a happy life with Caesonia and their child. Caligula then confronts Chaerea, ready to apologize to him in order to become the good Emperor he was, at first, destined to be. However, Caligula's unconditional love for his dead sister makes him insult Chaerea again, causing the latter to murder him and the Emperor's family. As the final credits roll on, we watch Caligula's dead face contemplating the high cost he paid in order to see Drusilla again

    • @michaeldunne338
      @michaeldunne338 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      That movie was Bob Guccione's. Tinto Brass disavowed the project in the end.

    • @curiodyssey3867
      @curiodyssey3867 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Latter**
      Not
      'later'

    • @TetsuShima
      @TetsuShima 2 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      @@michaeldunne338 He still directed the majority of the footage of the films so, disavowing it or not, it will be always a film of his

    • @michaeldunne338
      @michaeldunne338 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      ​@@TetsuShimaHe shot much film. Guccione noted that Brass shot enough film for the original Ben Hur,. 50 times over. I believe controversy centers around post-production and editing, which turned out to be a protracted, tangled affair, lasting several years. Brass would later be credited just for principle photography, while a generic "production" team is credited for putting the movie together.

    • @gigipaints1302
      @gigipaints1302 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      O9oo9ooo

  • @massthetics1013
    @massthetics1013 2 ปีที่แล้ว +82

    Caligula's Horse is a solid band with some really good albums front to back. Stoked they got a mention here!

    • @honjon666
      @honjon666 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Dang, I have thought Diocletian's Horse would be cool band name, i guess Caligula's Horse is cool too though lol, I'll have to check them out!

    • @2e826
      @2e826 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Haha I was caught off guard when he said it because it’s what I was thinking about

    • @massthetics1013
      @massthetics1013 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I would recommend their album "In Contact" to start with. Enjoy!

  • @phnexOice
    @phnexOice 2 ปีที่แล้ว +96

    One note I’d like to add is that it’s very likely Caligula was deeply traumatized by his childhood, ranging from the death of his father to what seems to be political assassination, to the show trials of his mother and brothers, and then being used as little more than a pawn by his uncle, the emperor, him going mad from this trauma wouldn’t exactly surprise most, as it’s likely all of us in the same position would do the same

    • @jmd1743
      @jmd1743 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      That sounds like he was just being spiteful toward the demographics who were in his childhood. He was 24 years of age when he took over which is not that many years from teenage rage.
      There was this girl who had a rich goldman sach's executive father. She went to a high dollar college & in order to rebel she smoked some weed while attending.
      She was arrested and then her father cut her off from the wealth.
      When she turned 18 she went to a infamous porn film studio that was famous for the most nasty type of content, think " two girls - one cup". When her porn content got out her father did everything he could to get off of the internet. He spent millions of dollars trying to get it removed off the internet with no sucsess.

    • @JaneAustenAteMyCat
      @JaneAustenAteMyCat 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Nah that's bollocks

    • @a2pabmb2
      @a2pabmb2 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @Maniac 5000 When was that ever suggested? We're certainly not going to give you any.

    • @rudi_tabootie
      @rudi_tabootie 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @Maniac 5000 mhm good solution. treat psychopaths like a psychopath would. good idea

    • @MadProphet
      @MadProphet ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@jmd1743 pics or it didn't happen

  • @kaloarepo288
    @kaloarepo288 2 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    I think the writings of Suetonius are extremely suspect -he was a tabloid type sensationalist writing for another dynasty and blackening the reputation of the previous Julio-Claudians

    • @joshuaharper372
      @joshuaharper372 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      If course Suetonius is writing tabloid sensationalism--that's why he is so fun to read. That's also why it is important to try to read behind the text or between the lines. But when there's as much reported smoke as there is with darling "Little Boots", I suspect there was at least some fire...

    • @reeyees50
      @reeyees50 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Thank you for admitting the obvious, even back then they had comical yellow press propaganda

    • @NathanDudani
      @NathanDudani 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@joshuaharper372 iF cOuRsE

    • @jasondashney
      @jasondashney 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      If I said something to you today, nobody would take it seriously. If I wrote it in a letter to you 400 years ago, and somebody found it, it would be shown as evidence and people would claim the things I said were fact.

  • @mordecaitoth6703
    @mordecaitoth6703 2 ปีที่แล้ว +89

    Great video as always but the unimaginable abuse Caligula allegedly suffered during his upbringing from Tiberius seems often ignored.
    I hope you will do more videos about both Caligula and Tiberius in the future.

    • @Dan_Kanerva
      @Dan_Kanerva 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      average American take:
      > is never someone's fault... is always the parents

    • @knitterscheidt
      @knitterscheidt 2 ปีที่แล้ว +21

      wouldn't any person who lived under the constant threat of a horrific death since childhood, witnessed his father's execution and other atrocities be a bit ruthless? was he really more insane than Tiberius?

    • @mordecaitoth6703
      @mordecaitoth6703 2 ปีที่แล้ว +45

      @@Dan_Kanerva At no point did I absolve Caligula of the evil of his deeds. The video is a discussion of his supposed insanity and it is well understood that childhood abuse negatively impacts cognitive development. Have a nice, perfectly sane day.

    • @Dan_Kanerva
      @Dan_Kanerva 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@mordecaitoth6703 you are correct tho , traumas caused by bad parenting was very overlooked all the way throught history until the last 2 centuries... i am not surprised how many insane people where key parts of old society

    • @redplanet7163
      @redplanet7163 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @@Dan_Kanerva Indeed, Caligula's behaviour cannot be understood without regarding his time on the Isle of Capri with Tiberius. And what had happened to his family members in the years before that. It's no wonder he was a very disturbed individual!

  • @peterhutley4254
    @peterhutley4254 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks

    • @toldinstone
      @toldinstone  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Deeply appreciated!

  • @fabrisseterbrugghe8567
    @fabrisseterbrugghe8567 2 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    The look on the horse's face at 8:24 is priceless.

    • @benrobertson7855
      @benrobertson7855 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @JZ's BFF Yass ifss obverlsss….piss me aanotheerrrssss..nnaaayyy.hic.

  • @davidmajer3652
    @davidmajer3652 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Thanks for another excellent video, we always get the straight dope from you.

  • @dennisphillips7589
    @dennisphillips7589 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Another great video. Also really enjoy your podcasts - hoping you upload some more soon!

  • @siner2442
    @siner2442 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I guess the better question would be: “Was there a method, to his Madness”? Also most Kings and Pharoas is to be remembered and not forgotten, it’s a fear for them and see it as if they never existed. Although he is remembered for the crazy things that he did, but other than that he did pretty much the same things as every other Emperor did… they were all known for responding with extreme measures to questions they would ask themselves. Killing friends,family,anybody who’s a threat to the throne or that could overthrow them and even wiping out everybody around them so no one can get revenge. They “Heavy is the Head who wears the crown” but paranoia is uncontrollable. This is why they say it’s lonely at the top.

  • @cerberus6654
    @cerberus6654 2 ปีที่แล้ว +71

    In the whole 'what if?' thing, I have often wondered what kind of Emperor Germanicus would have made. Probably one of the best. But Roman imperial succession stories are, to me, a lot like 'Survivor'. I always start off a season thinking "He should win!", or "She's going to win for sure!" but by the time I get to the final three I'm usually amazed at who actually survived, much less who won.

    • @merrittanimation7721
      @merrittanimation7721 2 ปีที่แล้ว +24

      When one emperor (Claudius) becomes emperor mostly because he's the only adult male in the family left, regardless of actual qualifications, it's indicative of a fairly unpleasant series of events.

    • @cerberus6654
      @cerberus6654 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@merrittanimation7721 True!

    • @theeccentrictripper3863
      @theeccentrictripper3863 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      Germanicus as Princeps is the stuff romaboo wet dreams are made of

    • @michaeldunne338
      @michaeldunne338 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      Germanicus could have ended up a failure. However, he had campaign experience that was relatively extensive for a person of his age by the time he died - as commander of forces in Germannia for 4 years (AD 13 to AD 17), but also from military and administrative experience going back to AD 17. He made mistakes, and maybe violated certain Roman taboos and rules (handle remains while technically a priest of a college that was not permitted to do that, and having a fleet badly roughed up by weather on the North Seat; visit Egypt without Tiberius' permission), but seems he won the admiration of the soldiers and earned the right to command in their eyes (imperator).
      In a counterfactual of survival in the East, he may have been able to evolve or reach a new accommodation with Tiberius and prove a successful emperor after the long reign of Tiberius (AD 14 to 37 - about 23 year).He didn't revolt at the start of Tiberius' reign when the legions revolt, and it is uncertain if he could have changed his mind and revolted while in the East, or after another assignment.
      Its always possible that years of service to the state could lead to a situation of eroding his judgement, morals, constraints ... but data is lacking.

    • @cerberus6654
      @cerberus6654 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@michaeldunne338 Well put!

  • @CorollaLvr2000
    @CorollaLvr2000 2 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Any chance for a video about the Roman Republic? I'd love to see a video about Cincinnatus, for example.

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      The Republic was the best period of time in Roman history. The Empire was the ruine of Rome

  • @arzhvr9259
    @arzhvr9259 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    It’s very difficult to believe anything good or bad said about the Julio Claudians because the histories were written by senators who judged good and bad based on how they acquiesced to the old Roman aristocracy.
    That said Germanicus would have been a great ruler

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      The senators had every reason to hate the Empire. The republic under the senators was Rome's best period. The emperors deprived them of power and at the same time heralded the fall of Rome.

    • @MalleusIudaeorum
      @MalleusIudaeorum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      @@renatovonschumacher3511 false. It was corrupt and became so bloated with bureaucratic roadblocks by the time of the late republic that nothing could get done. The republic could never have carried on as it was indefinitely.
      The Roman Empire was infinitely more successful than the Republic by every measure and saw its greatest periods of expansion and financial growth.

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@MalleusIudaeorum YOU are wrong. Totally wrong. You could not be more wrong. WRONG ! !

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@MalleusIudaeorum You can compare it with modern times. The peak of European culture was the 18th century with a short revival between 1870 and 1914. The 20th century reversed everything and heralded the decline and soon to be end of Europe.The peak of Roman culture was the Republic. The empire initiated the decline, followed soon by the end.

    • @merrittanimation7721
      @merrittanimation7721 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@renatovonschumacher3511 How to say you're a Prussian fanboy without actually saying it

  • @notpublic7149
    @notpublic7149 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cheers, he is my favourite, little boots. We should all wish to be more like him. Let's hope to have leaders like him in the future. 😀😬😂❤️❤️

    • @HeatherAngus-vj2jq
      @HeatherAngus-vj2jq ปีที่แล้ว

      You want leaders to be like Caligula? You’re MAD and insane! I can’t believe you want tyrants and dictators like Caligula and Hitler!

  • @optomix3988
    @optomix3988 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you for your videos. I really enjoy them and the little history lessons on one of my favorite periods of time.

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Your favorite period of time ? Are you aware that this periode marked the decline and fall of the Romans ? The best time of the Romans was during the Republic when the senators, the Roman aristocracy, ruled. The Empire ruined it all. The end of Rome also meant a setback of 1.000 years in European history. Your favorite period of time ? Are you sure ? You may also be one of those who admire the present day ruines for which the Emperors are responsible. Your favorite period of time ? Are you really sure ?

    • @jaelge
      @jaelge 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@renatovonschumacher3511:
      Quite the judgy little TH-cam comments Karen aren´t you? Imperial times of Rome happens to be my favorite era of study as well, would you like to bawl me out as well?

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jaelge Your favorite period of study does not mean that it was also the best period in Roman history, no matter how much you love this period of decadence.

    • @jaelge
      @jaelge 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@renatovonschumacher3511:
      Pretty sure that´s what Optomix was saying irrespective of the fact that he didn't phrase it precisely to your satisfaction. But even if it is someone´s favorite era, so what? As opposed to what you may think Julius Ceasar´s and Augustus's times was some of the most peaceful and prosperous times to have been a Roman. And for me, the most interesting.

    • @renatovonschumacher3511
      @renatovonschumacher3511 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@jaelge Yes, Julius and Augustus and a few more appear in a positive light. It was not them who ruined Rome buth the dozens of other emperors and the imperial system as such that more and more turned against tradition and against the old elite that built and prospered Rome. The new imperial elite was a bunch of nouveau riche who were not interested in the continuity of ancient Roman culture. Parallels to today's world come to mind.

  • @weilandiv8310
    @weilandiv8310 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    He was only in one big film, and then we never heard from him again.

    • @michaeldunne338
      @michaeldunne338 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      In Europe they did, with a Laura Gemser film, on Caligula the Untold Story ...

    • @da90sReAlvloc
      @da90sReAlvloc 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      No he wasn't he's in another big film called demitrius and the gladiator. Caligula character is in there as well

  • @broadh2o980
    @broadh2o980 2 ปีที่แล้ว +27

    Not having the Tacitus to balance the Suetonius really hurts
    Who honestly knows what happened.
    There is actually epigraphic evidence supporting the bridge story, and the amount of shipping boats that were ported there during the non-sailing season was immense. I had a professor convince me that this one actually happened.
    But I do think he was crazy.
    Nero on the other hand, is the victim of a total propaganda hit job from the ancient sources that still survives in popular culture today. #Nerodidnothingwrong (well he probably did kill his mother)

    • @MrFredstt
      @MrFredstt ปีที่แล้ว

      Really? Nero is often the other Emperor touted as the most evil person in history. I'd like to hear more about how there may be more nuance to it

    • @HeatherAngus-vj2jq
      @HeatherAngus-vj2jq ปีที่แล้ว

      No Caligula was worse as he committed more financial waste and carnage than even that of Nero. Caligula is considered the worst of the ancient world and Hitler is of all time the most evil person in the world.

  • @mindslaw4961
    @mindslaw4961 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Established Titles is a scam.

  • @andrewnorris7642
    @andrewnorris7642 2 ปีที่แล้ว +89

    Caligula was and remained relatively sane considering all he had to endure. He grew up with tiberius, who was also pretty cruel. Lead poisoning may have fucked him up a bit but at the end of the day he was just human with depravity, dispite having had the world

    • @toserveman9265
      @toserveman9265 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Empathy is misdirected

    • @siner2442
      @siner2442 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      U have to fight the World in order to keep it… remember anything worth having in this World, people will fighting u for it, so u have to fight to keep it.

    • @HeatherAngus-vj2jq
      @HeatherAngus-vj2jq ปีที่แล้ว +1

      How dare you justify somebody THAT evil and insane? That’s like feeling sorry for and admiring Hitler! Just because you have gone through some horrible stuff, doesn’t give you or anybody for that matter the right to do the most horrible things ever! How could you think such great things about a Roman emperor who was THE most hated and feared upon?

    • @JetPerry
      @JetPerry 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@HeatherAngus-vj2jqhe became someone we still discuss to this day while some people are working at Wal Mart there whole lives. good or evil, he’s legendary

  • @markcarson1844
    @markcarson1844 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Bravo, great video again!!!

  • @ritchierichh
    @ritchierichh 2 ปีที่แล้ว +28

    1:30 - I don't know if it's that simple to just concluded he was insane. Wasn't there an oracle by the name of Thrasyllus of Mendes who prophesied that Caligula had no more chance of becoming emperor than of riding a horse across the Bay of Baiae? And in that, he used his opportunity and power to cross the bay?

    • @toldinstone
      @toldinstone  2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      That's one of the three explanations Suetonius gives for why Caligula built the bridge. It's impossible to say now, of course, whether there's any truth in it.

    • @ritchierichh
      @ritchierichh 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @@toldinstone I feel they should've been mentioned at least rather than directly stating Caligula was insane.

    • @MarcusAgrippa390
      @MarcusAgrippa390 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      @@ritchierichh
      I just finished watching the video, and honestly, Garrett never once said that Caligula was insane.
      He quoted references and sources that said Caligula was insane and when he did so it was clear that it was the source which made the statement.
      And at the end he concluded with pretty much the same thing as your comment.

    • @tw9535
      @tw9535 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I think that was kind of the point.
      Did you watch the video all the way through? Like at the 11:09 mark?
      Or are you saying the video misinterpreted sources from the past?

  • @necropolistc6357
    @necropolistc6357 2 ปีที่แล้ว +58

    being the inventor of the "pleasure cruise" and the "orgy pit" isn't crazy its genius

  • @monicacall7532
    @monicacall7532 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Perfect timing because I watched the Caligula episodes of “I Claudius” today. Thanks for a different look at Caligula. It gave depth to his story.

    • @JOEFABULOUS.
      @JOEFABULOUS. 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Coughing irritated him 😉

    • @jaybee9269
      @jaybee9269 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nah, he just wanted to cure the boy’s cough…

  • @cgavin1
    @cgavin1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    TIL that "Eccentriciies = beating a man to death with chains or having prisoners bled dry with dozens of tiny cuts."

  • @teaqeri
    @teaqeri 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    you’re a excellent youtuber thank you for the content.

  • @KK-qm1mr
    @KK-qm1mr 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    Caligula sounds like a modern billionaire with a better sense of style.

  • @elliotkane4443
    @elliotkane4443 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Why do modern historians always feel the need to 'overrule' and second guess long established history?

  • @ricardorodriguez-mi2zv
    @ricardorodriguez-mi2zv ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The clear disregard for human life seals it for me....insane it is

  • @jbug1979
    @jbug1979 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This is the best part: 8:15 "Caligula's relations with his relations." 😋

  • @jbb4105
    @jbb4105 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    He was just ahead of his time

  • @end.olives
    @end.olives 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    See you got baited by the established titles scam too

  • @GravesRWFiA
    @GravesRWFiA ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What I've heard about the 'madness' was that it was focused on the upper class, that he was humiliating them to play to the masses. the idea of a horse as council would fit in that line too. the problem was that he also turned his 'humor' on his guards who expressed their displeasure.

  • @RonJohn63
    @RonJohn63 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    2:51 I was just watching a LegalEagle video on Established Titles.... LOL.

  • @ATtravel666
    @ATtravel666 2 ปีที่แล้ว +33

    It would have been really surprising if Caligula had turned out to be a well rounded Emperor considering his violent family background. His family was destroyed by jealousy, paranoia and ambition.

    • @VerilyViscous
      @VerilyViscous 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      It'd be the second surprise I would learn about the Julio-Claudians. The first, of course, is that Claudius was actually a competent emperor, so much so that I'd say he was only eclipsed by Augustus.

    • @ATtravel666
      @ATtravel666 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      @@VerilyViscous The problem with Claudius was his visible disabilities in a world where they had extremely negative connotations, everybody thought he was an idiot. Which ironically, is probably how he survived the family bloodbath under Augustus (think the two Julias and Agrippa Postumus and especially under Tiberius.

    • @ultra-papasmurf
      @ultra-papasmurf ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@VerilyViscous Claudius as the second best empire I feel is putting too much value into the early empire. His greatest accomplishment Britannia ended up a gigantic burden once the tin and gold mines ran dry and there are far more contenders for said spot

  • @acey850
    @acey850 ปีที่แล้ว

    The captions on the pictures are HILARIOUS

  • @darkstarZ74
    @darkstarZ74 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Suetonius portrayed all the emperors before Nerva and Trajan as mad tyrants outside of Augustus of course.

  • @mrshts
    @mrshts 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    "Enhance!" I love it.

  • @Tinil0
    @Tinil0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Oh man, it hurts bad to see this channel support that established titles scam. I REALLY hope it was a desperation to find any sponsor and not a lack of due dillegence. For some reason, a channel like this hurts more because I respect it so much.

    • @ahappyimago
      @ahappyimago ปีที่แล้ว

      How was he supposed to know it’s a scam?

    • @Tinil0
      @Tinil0 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ahappyimago Let's ignore that this was after the entire TH-cam community realized it was a scam for the sake of argument.
      Due Diligence is the answer. If you represent something, you have the responsibility of researching what it is you are representing. By advertising it, you endorse it. If you advertise scams, you are partially responsible for everyone that gets scammed who saw your advertisement and joined. That's part and parcel of taking money to represent something.

    • @ahappyimago
      @ahappyimago ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@Tinil0 His job is history not exposing fraud

    • @Tinil0
      @Tinil0 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ahappyimago It has nothing to do with "exposing" anything. He doesn't need to share any info with anyone, but by taking money to promote it he is absolutely responsible for it.

    • @ahappyimago
      @ahappyimago ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Tinil0 no the people who made the fraudulent business are responsible unless it’s reasonably obviously a fraud

  • @JagerLange
    @JagerLange 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love I,. Claudius and John Hurt's sudden appearance in this got a laugh from me.

  • @SJam491
    @SJam491 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for taking the time to give Caligula the benefit of the doubt. 😁

  • @loopymoomoo1
    @loopymoomoo1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    caligula was the very first man to live in a society

  • @GatesOfAvalon1
    @GatesOfAvalon1 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Oof... Didn't expect an established titles plug in this one, that hits hard

    • @jasondashney
      @jasondashney 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Why? It's a gag gift. Anybody who literally thinks you can become a Lord for a few bucks deserves to lose their money. I bet they are furious after they go see a magician and find out that it's mirrors and wires.

  • @AcornScorn
    @AcornScorn ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think the insanity of Caligula mainly comes from the fact he acted like a late empire ruler during the principate era. He was still at a time when he needed to appear as a member of the senate when as Agustus learned, that was just necessary pageantry for the transition from republic to empire. If he had come later he probably would have been remembered as an average emperor, but he came at a time when the aristocracy still had a lot of social influence and he pissed them off by showing they had no more political power effectively so they trashed him when they could

  • @FaeriePrincex
    @FaeriePrincex 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    world history is a series of important people and their life-changing head injuries

  • @sotony7483
    @sotony7483 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Didn't Caligula's successor Claudius describe him as 'deranged' in a public document after his assassination? It seems quite unlikely for Caligula's unclde to say that officially about his dynastic predecessor unless perhaps reluctantly acknowledging a widely-accepted fact known to everyone at the time.

    • @semoremo9548
      @semoremo9548 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If he wanted to distance himself from the bad image Caligula had given the figure of emperors, I find it more than reasonable that he would've cursed him out no matter if it was true or not. If everyone hated Caligula, and Claudius wanted to clean up the emperor image, then he would've gone with the flow and agreed with them.

    • @sotony7483
      @sotony7483 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@semoremo9548 Yes, possibly, but many emperors managed to distance themselves from their predecessors' acts and policies without stating publically they were deranged. It's an odd thing to say out loud about a member of your own family (and a former consular colleague) unless everyone knew it was true anyway and it was an inescapable reality that had to be acknowledged to be able to move on. I do accept more generally that the 'mad emperor' motif is overemployed in popular culture for others (e.g. Nero), but for young Gaius and his traumatic background it's all too believable. For example, at 25 he was at pretty much the peak male age for schizophrenia onset, which would have had a 1% prevalance in the population then as now.

    • @semoremo9548
      @semoremo9548 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@sotony7483 Tbh yeah they were family but like... it's not like that family was healthy or normal anyways so I don't actually find it weird that he said that about Caligula. I'm not saying there was no chance that the being "crazy" allegations hold no truth or aren't likely, but I also wouldn't be surprised if it was just a group of wealthy people trying to smear his image (more than his other heinous acts had already smeared it lol)

  • @bradwatson7324
    @bradwatson7324 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Power tends to corrupt -- sometimes so much that the corruption appears to be insanity.

    • @HeatherAngus-vj2jq
      @HeatherAngus-vj2jq ปีที่แล้ว

      It’s not power itself. It’s the person behind the power. Just like it’s not the gun or car itself that kills people. It’s the people with the gun or car. Same thing with power and wealth.

  • @RicardoFlor0
    @RicardoFlor0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    No reasons to assume he was insane???? Where you take such conclusion from???

  • @MrFredstt
    @MrFredstt ปีที่แล้ว

    Just imagine thinking you're about to be executed only for the Emperor to come out.....and start dancing around the room for absolutely no reason at all

  • @myyoutubeaccount2780
    @myyoutubeaccount2780 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    honestly promoting his horse to senator was probably the least insane thing caligula did.
    That horse was probably the most loyal senator and least prone to assassination.

  • @ziggyzap1
    @ziggyzap1 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    King Joffrey Baratheon from Game of Thrones was based on Caligula. So if you want to see what Caligula was like on a daily bases go watch that show

  • @peterkoinzell7983
    @peterkoinzell7983 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    9:00 Xerxes or one of the King of kings is said to have, after a wave of water destroyed a bridge he had been trying to construct while on campaign (which is typically considered bad luck), Xerxes had men waddle into the river and whip it 300 times. he had hand cuffs thrown into the river. the river was branded and were shells taken as loot? did I hear that part twice? little similar.

  • @fritz404
    @fritz404 2 ปีที่แล้ว +51

    Did Romans have any mental impairments from their lead ?

    • @orionfernandes4587
      @orionfernandes4587 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Some did, I believe it was known as a disease that affected heavy drinkers.

    • @Marinilliv
      @Marinilliv 2 ปีที่แล้ว +30

      This is mostly a misconception. the Greeks and Romans knew about the health detriments of using lead and continued to use it in aqueducts and other plumbing, but the hard water buildup prevented almost any contamination of lead into the water supply.
      Surely some did, but the idea of widespread lead poisoning affecting a large percentage of the population is overblown

    • @gentlemanfarmer6042
      @gentlemanfarmer6042 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@Marinilliv Thank You for someone saying this! Thus has become very pervasive as of late on the internet.

    • @gentlemanfarmer6042
      @gentlemanfarmer6042 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This*

    • @someguy8955
      @someguy8955 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Probably. I think it's similar to how we used to have leaded gasoline, which let high levels of lead in the bloodstream, which affected especially the children's development.

  • @petersclafani4370
    @petersclafani4370 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I wouldn't want to live any where near him.

  • @ericvosselmans5657
    @ericvosselmans5657 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Beautiful. Just beautiful

  • @larsfinlay7325
    @larsfinlay7325 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm just glad we call him Caligula instead of Gaius Agustus. The guy was a real jerk.

  • @noahlogue3807
    @noahlogue3807 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    You never covered his time in Capri where Tiberius showed Caligula the joys of torture and depravity.

  • @leonardodavid2842
    @leonardodavid2842 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I forgot who, but I remember reading an historian pitting foward the idea that Caligula’s order to collect sea shells was an order meant to humiliate his troops.
    A sort of jokes.
    This is because, as far as we know, the even occured on Caligula’s return from a failed campaign in gaul/germania, during which his troops refused, out of fear of the enemy, to follow rhe orders of the emperor.
    Caligula’s revenge was the order to collect seashells on the road to return to Italy.
    In essence: since u r not brave enough to cross the rhine into Germania, all u r good for is collecting seashells.
    Edit:
    This alligns with Caligula’s character. The emperor’s intentiom to make incitatus consul also seems to have been one such joke, likley in response to a fight with the senate.

  • @colleen6341
    @colleen6341 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Hey, really like your channel. I watch your videos all the time. However I don’t see any comments talking about Established Titles - it’s a scam company. It’s a gag gift "name a star" type of thing and you don’t actually get land or have a tree planted. You actually can’t even hold the legal title of lord under Scottish law. This information is just getting out, but I would recommend severing ties with ET.

    • @jasondashney
      @jasondashney 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      So you admit that it's a gag gift, but are still cranky about it?

    • @colleen6341
      @colleen6341 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@jasondashney Why were TH-camrs promoting it like it was legitimate? This is old news. Established Titles is proven to be a scam and nobody (to my knowledge) partners with them anymore. I get "cranky" when TH-camrs I support partner with scummy companies.

    • @jasondashney
      @jasondashney 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@colleen6341 Anyone that dense was bound to lose their money anyway.

  • @woofy2000
    @woofy2000 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Now I wonder how 12th century archeology worked.

  • @sawahtb
    @sawahtb ปีที่แล้ว +1

    As I understood it Claudius still had Caligula's assassins executed.

  • @BobBob-xl8em
    @BobBob-xl8em 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    PLZ POST AS MUCH AS YOU WANT. WHENEVER. DONT REGARD YOUR LITTLE DEMON. WE ARE PARCHED.

  • @franklinsterling8787
    @franklinsterling8787 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Dear Gaius, another master of hubris beside
    Gein, suffered from Grave's Disease and had
    Episodes of Occupational Delirium, he worked so hard on his sass!

  • @JoJoJoker
    @JoJoJoker 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    @2:45 oof Established Titles

  • @DavidFraser007
    @DavidFraser007 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    It it just a coincidence that Caligula and King Joffrey from Game of Thrones have more than a passing similarity in appearance?

    • @jellyfishjig
      @jellyfishjig 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Nope

    • @merrittanimation7721
      @merrittanimation7721 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      GRRM has stated that Stannis was partially inspired by Tiberius (as he appeared in the I, Claudius BBC show) so it's probable.

    • @mrgaudy1954
      @mrgaudy1954 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Aren’t there also “5 good kings” in ASOIAF to mirror the “5 good emperors”?

    • @hfsk123
      @hfsk123 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I was about to comment that Gleason kid could play the hell out of Caligula

  • @AmidalaEmma
    @AmidalaEmma 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    One thing is that he should have been deeply traumatized, much of his family had been horribly killed or left to starve to death in cells during his boyhood, and then he had to serve and live with the man who did it, the emperor Tiberius.

  • @johndubois8876
    @johndubois8876 ปีที่แล้ว

    i had read that some local writer there had said that that will be the day sarcastically, when Caligula walks on water or something like that,,, so Caligula arranged the crossing.

  • @robbabcock_
    @robbabcock_ 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Fascinating!

  • @abyssimus
    @abyssimus 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Now I need to go back and did up the old "Viva Caligula" flash game.

  • @markmcarthy596
    @markmcarthy596 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I have the original Caligula uncut movie on DVD from Penthouse-Malcolm McDowell was brilliant acting as Caesar and captured the essence of just how crazy and perverted He was. Good luck finding that to watch uncut

    • @dreamingsymphony
      @dreamingsymphony 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I think you can find the uncut of you pirate it...or is it that there were more crazy things that are cut?!🤔
      Needless to say the movie is just hardcore porn and when I was watching it I was just looking overy shoulders to not get caught!

  • @KingSlimjeezy
    @KingSlimjeezy 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    told in stone we love you come hang out with us next year at the Holy Boulders Pilgramagenear Carbondale IL!!!!!!!!! First Weekend of November

  • @aardsnark940
    @aardsnark940 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Quite surprised to see Caligula's Horse mentioned. Good band.

    • @khanzor
      @khanzor 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Came here to comment the same! Absolutely my favourite hahah.

  • @delavalmilker
    @delavalmilker ปีที่แล้ว

    He may have been mad, he may have been bad, he may only have been eccentric. But it all came together to make him world famous. 2000 years after his death.

  • @azaraelhyzer3874
    @azaraelhyzer3874 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I am not insane the world I live is too orderly.
    ~ Caligula.

  • @keegandecker4080
    @keegandecker4080 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It’s weird, if Caligula happened a millennium later you’d think he caught syphilis.

  • @frankgerace5997
    @frankgerace5997 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The ancient historians (the ones whose work we’ve found, anyway) say Caligula was nuts..the contemporary historians say he was just misunderstood..I think he was misunderstood because he was nutty as a fruitcake.

  • @goodnightcharly5135
    @goodnightcharly5135 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That bridge on the sea is to me a pretty inventive defensive construction

  • @terrylong8894
    @terrylong8894 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Caligula was definitely one of the weirder emperors.

  • @bkohatl
    @bkohatl ปีที่แล้ว

    Like King Canute ordering the tide to retreat, to prove his sycophants were wrong.

  • @brick6347
    @brick6347 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Ever feel like we're living in a bad reboot?

  • @tonytaskforce3465
    @tonytaskforce3465 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Yes

  • @WuvPain
    @WuvPain 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    So how do we think things like schizophrenia were recorded in ancient times? Obviously people just just say someone was “mad” but were things like delusions of grander something that was known about? Cause with him thinking he’s a god, paranoia of others with power and hallucination(like when he would talk to “moon people” or whatever you said)
    Like those 3 things sound like they could be schizophrenia to me, so if they did make up that he was crazy, wouldn’t it be a pretty weird coincidence that they described schizophrenia before a time where mental illnesses were understood?

  • @eyesthatburnthemind
    @eyesthatburnthemind 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    He may have had syphilis as well

  • @LittlePhizDorrit
    @LittlePhizDorrit 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It's an interesting idea that Caligula was not insane. Many things I was told in history class or saw in movies, especially about antiquity, is based on rumors that were untrue. My guess is that, at the very least, he wasn't a very good ruler and had tyrannical behavior. Whether it was based on insanity or incompetence is a more difficult thing to decipher. I'd like to read more about him to find out.

  • @dillopaintball
    @dillopaintball 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I heard about your channel from the forehead fables podcast. I’m glad I found your channel!

  • @eadecamp
    @eadecamp 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    If you knew the us Constitution you'd know that titles aren't recognized in the us. Anyone who thinks he/she can strut around because they paid for a dirt clod in Scotland is in for some disappointment.

  • @sirkazm
    @sirkazm 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    No. Caligula was just rich.

  • @joseker2186
    @joseker2186 ปีที่แล้ว

    Caligula sounds like he was droned

  • @pittsburghwill
    @pittsburghwill ปีที่แล้ว

    the movie THE ROBE i think has one of the best portrayal of calligula

  • @metalhigh0043
    @metalhigh0043 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    There's a restaurant near me called Little Boots...Ive always called it Caligulas.

  • @pattheplanter
    @pattheplanter 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Early balding can be a sign of both lead and mercury poisoning. Emperors may have been more prone to poisoning because of their excessive lifestyle. Gilded food could have been done with amalgams containing mercury. The rich red of cinnabar was used a lot as a pigment and in medicines.

    • @noahvannote363
      @noahvannote363 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Also genes do that. lol

    • @hfsk123
      @hfsk123 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Apparently the Roman's has rather high levels of lead in their systems bc they used lead for water pipes, cooking, cosmetics, amongst other things. It's truly a miracle their society functioned as well as it did

  • @pavols
    @pavols 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    10:40 BRO THAT'S HOMELANDER. Solved, he had mommy issues 👏

  • @burtgunter8791
    @burtgunter8791 ปีที่แล้ว

    One has to remember Caligula was groomed from an early age to be an emperor. What this does to a young mind is somewhat unimaginable today. Imagine as a child you are undoubtable going to be the ruler of one of the most powerful empires at the time and you see why Caligula was the way he was. He was not interested in playing the "game" as it were because he knew he could get away with doing what he wanted as he was in such a position if power.
    Of course when he was killed by those that recognized he was a horrendous head of state, those with the power to record history made sure to explain he was insane as it is an easy cop out as one does not necessarily have to explain the exact reasons as to WHY he was "insane" because the explanation of insanity is most often self explanatory

  • @robgraham5697
    @robgraham5697 ปีที่แล้ว

    So, it looks like much of our information about Caligula was like that of the Borgias. Most of it came from enemies who were not likely to say anything nice about them.

  • @TetsuShima
    @TetsuShima 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    It is a shame the very bad reputation the "Caligula" movie has, being considered by many (including Wikipedia itself) as one of the worst movies ever made. Although the movie is not a masterpiece like "Quo Vadis" or "Ben-Hur" due to its flaws (such as its editing problems caused by the nightmarish production it had), and it's also understandable that many people find it disgusting due its extremely violent and s*xual content, we must recognize the great amount of good things it had: the magnificent soundtrack composed by Bruno Nicolai; the unforgettable acting of Malcolm McDowell, Peter O'Toole and John Gielgud; the dialogues written by Gore Vidal; the awesome settings, etc. I just hope more people in the future will realize how underrated and good this flick is

    • @arzhvr9259
      @arzhvr9259 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lol I actually kind of enjoy the film

    • @pinchevulpes
      @pinchevulpes 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      That head slicing machine was so plausible. Nightmare fuel!

    • @reeyees50
      @reeyees50 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      This movie is AMAZING, you literally know its gonna be good from the opening titles with that music. The movie of course was a media circus in the United States, like anything is.