Antenna Radiating Patterns explained
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 พ.ค. 2016
- Antenna Radiating Patterns explained by Paul Stephenson, Managing Director of Solwise ltd.
www.solwise.co.uk/
Script and Narration by Paul Stephenson.
Animation by Jack Harteveld.
#Solwise #antennapatterns #internet #radiating #Wifi #WifiBooster #hotspot #booster #mifi #3g #4g #5g #bridging #accesspoint #antenna #router #broadband #teltonika #poynting #directional #omnidirectional #beamwidths #gain #polarpatterns #radius - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I hat to tip my hat off to you Paul. You are the first person who explained to me the meaning of radiation pattern. You must be a real Dr. deal for sure. Thank you for making me understand something I never really grasped in the first place. Look forward to see more great videos hopefully in the US antenna TV signals.
The animation is gorgeous
Great explanatory material! :)
so much helpful! appreciate it ;)
simple but powerfull thnks Solwise, for to be better than many teachers
An excellent introduction. Solwise are always very helpful and knowledgeable. Many thanks.
Thank you very much, now thanks to you i know a bit more about RF.
This video has definitely made things easier for me ! thanks a million
Excellent animations, which made it very easy to understand
Much appreciated!
you made my day..solved many doubts.
Useful visual effects! ;-)
Awesome animation and good explanation! Thumbs up. 👍
Muy buen video. Exelente!
very helpful, thanks!
Just awesome and well animated
Well done. It has admirable clarity and certainly as good or better than many training materials for UK Foundation and Intermediate amateur radio licence coures on beams and vertical antennas. 73 de M0YDH
It's very helpful.
Excellent information
thank you so much.....may god bless you...
Best explanation I can get
Thenks, for the metodical.
Thank you!!! T_T I was struggling with this
Thanks!
nice...thanks
thank u teacher.
Thx!
THANKS
Thanks.
Awesome
when youve been trying to understand antennas for a exam for a while now and you understand it more withen the first 1:37 then you ever did
good
👍👏
Very Informative
#BVSPRAGATHI
hello sir i reconise your voice from your also THAI-VLOG, so its conforting me hahaha, great video im on helium project and get any info from different people,this vids very true and interesting thanks for sharing bye from canada
I believe it has something to do with the geometry of the ether which is related to the geometry of it's antenna
What is never mentioned in antenna radiation is whether or not the E/M loops being radiated do break down into loops of half wavelength as the loop try to grow in size with distance, In waveguides and cavity resonators it is common to show the stacking of " half wavelength E/M blocks to fit in the available space. A one megacycle wave, has a much larger loop than a 5 GigaHertz signal and though everyone talks about lobes, and directivity, and efficiency, and so on, no one talks about the "stacking of E/M blocks" the size of which depends on the frequency of transmission. So for a given frequency , how many stacked E/M loops exist in it as the wave moves out? I have thought about this for the last 80 years and it seems to me that when one has a directional antenna, or a phased array, all that is happening the system is cutting off and eliminating the peripheral blocks in the stack of E/M blocks in the lobe or in any omnidirectional antenna,
I simulated this with a computer algorithm which, when the circumference ( wavefront) of the wave grew larger than a wavelength integers, then the " circumference would accommodate another loop half a wavelength long".
The simulation works beautifully and the patterns that emerge make it so obvious, after I saw it, From a central location of the antenna, after the wave settles down, the patterns seems to change from a "polar diagram" to a cartesian diagram where the four symmetrical squares of cartesian coordinates, simultaneously move out their four quarters containing the same pattern of E/M loops as exist in rectangular waveguides contain the higher modes. When I plotted the B and the E field loops far from the antenna they came out to be exactly as occurs in rectangular waveguides with the B loops as normal, and the E loops are exactly the same as the E in the waveguide and the surface currents in a waveguide, It is exactly the same pattern,
So it seems, that a centrally placed antenna as a source, will have the near E/M fields going through "a pushy transient pattern" then "a middle field pattern" which I call the settling down zone, and then the far field would resemble the pattern obtained in a rectangular waveguide excited with an electric probe or a magnetic probe as one desires. It is fascination to see the four quarters of cartesian coordinates moving out with additional loops being added as the distance increases, It is remarkable,
This stacking of E/M blocks, the size of half a wavelength, in a radiating pattern, is interesting, and in a phased array or a directional antenna, it seems that all one does is to " phase out the peripheral E/M blocks and donate the power to the other half wavelength E/M blocks remaining in the " stacked lobe" There seems to be more going on in radiation than one thinks, and this "stacking effect" needs further discussion . An analogy may be used by looking at Chladni's figures in vibrating sheets or a Jelly block, and after all our radiating medium is not much different from a jelly or a rubber block with its "own impedance" in how it permits our signals to "accelerate " build and decay and reverse those the E/M loops the size of half a wavelength. th-cam.com/video/wvJAgrUBF4w/w-d-xo.html
Thank u geat! this is good for HD TV?
👍👍👍
"Batteryless Battery"????
a. Small aluminum cones with an electrical wire running through the center of the cones, cones spaced apart (not touching I'm thinking) but end to end.
b. Electromagnetic radiation energy in the atmosphere interacts with the aluminum cones.
c. Jostled atoms and molecules in the cone eventually have some electrons try to get away from other electrons of which those electrons gather at the larger end of the cone, of which also creates an area of positive charge at the smaller end of the cone.
d. The electron's in the wire are attracted to the positive end of the cone and the positive 'end' in the wire are attracted to the negatively charged end of the cone.
e. Basically a 'battery' has been created inside the electrical wire itself, different areas of electrical potential. Basically a 'wire battery' or a 'batteryless battery', however one wanted to call it.
f. Numerous cones placed end to end increases the number of 'batteries' in the wire.
Then of course, one could take that generated dc electricity to split H2O into H2 and O2 of which could be burned or utilized in a hydrogen fuel cell to get the electricity back with a byproduct of basically pure water. Species need pure water too.
With the increased cosmic radiation that is going to be impacting this Earth this century as well as possibly a mini-ice age, might as well put that cosmic radiation to work for us.
Good
current distribution and charge distribution is exclently visualised.
Jyothi Puppala yes
what about helical or flat panel? it is not a dounut but a cone
Hello Mr Solwise. This Horizontal plane in radiation has been known then the elevation plane has minimum information path, very closed. These about radiation antenna between directional and omni-directional antenna
Hi ! Nice video!! I want to ask you... if I only care about the receiving signals (don’t care about transmitting) would I have to prefer a high dbi antenna or a medium?? Is higher dbi antenna more sensitive to receive??? Thank you in advance
Yes.... higher gain means more receive sensitivity BUT it also means a narrower beam/area of coverage so if the sender (remote end) is off axis then the signal might be worse.
An omnidirectional receiver antenna has to be the same horizontal plane as the omnidirectional transmitter antenna? I mean both at the same high?
Broadly speaking this is true. An omni-directional antenna radiates best into a plane so all the antennas should be in this plane to get ideal performance, which assuming the plane is horizontal, means at the same height. However in reality antenna performance drops off at a predictable rate as we move off this plane. As long as we know the angle formed between the plane and our end point antenna we can find the effective antenna gain by checking the E-plane polar diagram. If our end point is within the beam-width angle we also know that our antenna gain will be within 3dB of the published figure. All of the performance figures can be brought together in a link budget to predict the quality of the connection. See the WiFi link-budget tool on the Solwise website for help with this.
your video is very helpful. may i use this video for my school task ? thankyou
Sure, no problem. Happy we can help :-)
Nice, how to measure this radiation behave ? I guess should we place another antenna just receptor and also measure the peak level while moving around. I wonder how far or close should be measured . Thanks
Making measurements in the real world is quite tricky and is usually done by specialists. In principle you are correct you just need a receiving setup of known performance. Then you need to be a certain distance away from the antenna under test. This is often stated as 10x the wavelength. However this only works for small antennas, my feeling is you need to be at least 10x the maximum dimension of the antenna. Even then angular accuracy is likely to be poor. The last requirement is that there should be no interference in the area, including reflections of our own signal. Perhaps we could set up the experiment in deep space? As I understand it, the specialists use rooms with energy absorbing walls.
Input from a specialist would be welcome here.
How can a cellphone booster internal antenna only cover some meters away in open field and a cellphone, with ominidirectional tiny antenna and low power, be able to transmit over 40Km ?
Cell phone boosters probably have very low output power to prevent them interfering with neighbouring users.
hi, nice explain. i want to know TP link TL WN727N wifi adaptar signal radiate which type , omnidirectional or directional? how i boost wifi range?
I think the device you mention is a USB Dongle style WiFi adapter. The device itself is likely to be broadly omni-directional but the way the antenna is closely hemmed in by the circuit board and other components will make the actual radiation pattern highly unpredictable. Also, tiny antennas such as the one in your device are usually very ineffective because they are significantly smaller than the wavelength of the radio signal being used, which here is about 100mm. The small size makes it very difficult to match the antenna to the electrical signal driving it and to the free-space around it, resulting in a loss of perhaps 10dB or more in the sensitivity. The internal antennas fitted in laptop computers tend to work better. Can you get an internal WiFi adapter for your laptop?
my laptop has built in wifi card.
Actually mein kaise signal transmit hota h plz koi video provide krr bhaiiii
what will be the equation for far field when dipole antenna is at arbitrary location .??
There is a Link Budget Tool and a Surface Elevation Tool on the Solwise website. Follow 'WiFi' in the main menu.
Is this the concept between low and high gain antennas? Or is that something else?
Hi Jay, This video describes the angles over which an antenna sends or receives signal. For a better understanding of the concept of gain you might want to look at one of my other videos: "What is Antenna Gain?" ( th-cam.com/video/wGE4tjATecY/w-d-xo.html)
Is the positive reciver and the body wire in a loop(joint together)? Pls respond
I think you may be asking if the two connections to an antenna are joined together. This is a bit off-topic but I'll try to give you an answer. On some antennas when you test the connections with a multimeter it may seem that the connections are shorted toether when you test it with a multimeter which uses an dc current to make the test. However if you do the same test using an ac signal in the frequency range of the antenna you should get a very different result. This would be because you would be measuring the impedance of the antenna not the resistance. Imagine the antenna as an inductor. 0 ohms at DC but some other value at AC.
Hope this helps.
Can anyone help with this question? An output power of 16dBm, linked to an antenna with a gain of 21dBi linked with a RF cable attenuation of 1dB use this information to create a point to point link (2 radios same spec) with a distance of 3km. They operate at 5.850GHz
You need to do a link budget. This cannot be done until you know more details of the receiving end e.g the receive sensitivity. My gut feeling is that this link should be fine.
Please note 16+21 EIRP is over the UK and EU legal limits.
Steve
SHOW
Alguien que me pase el enlace de como trabaja la señal móvil, en español como la que esta presente en estos vídeos pero en español.
( Google Translate) Someone who will pass me the link on how the mobile signal works, in Spanish like the one present in these videos but in Spanish.
Reply: If there is interest in voice-overs for this video in different languages I can investigate it. Anyone want to donate sync'd audio tracks for me?
( Google Translate) Si hay interés en voces en off para este video en diferentes idiomas, puedo investigarlo. ¿Alguien quiere donar pistas de audio sincronizadas para mí?
Wouldn't elevation plane in directional antennas be the "up and down" and horizontal plane be the "left and right"?
The elevation plane is like looking at the antenna from the side. The horizontal plane is like looking down on it from above, like a plan or a map.
@@SolwiseMD "The elevation plane is like looking at the antenna from the side. The horizontal plane is like looking down on it from above, like a plan or a map."
Exactly, and your graphic is showing antenna from its side and calls that horizontal plane 2:41 and then from above 2:43 and calls that elevation plane. Or am I reading it wrong?
In the section you describe I see a directional antenna being rotated about its beam axis with its polar plots attached. Of course the plots rotate with the antenna. The only thing to orientate the graphic is the labels. It might have been more if we'd used an omni directional antenna for this sequence and put it in a landscape.....it might have been a bilious ride for the viewer though!
(You might think you could orientate the graphic by the direction of the antenna's pins. The antenna looks like a Yagi after all, but that doesn't tell us anything unless we know whether the desired polarization is horizontal or vertical (or 45 degrees even). Since it looks like a TV antenna you could say it should be horizontally polarized. Actually the graphic was modeled on a WiFi one. These are normally vertically polarized but don't have to be used that way. There are good reasons not to.)
The sequence is quite complicated and on reflection I think it runs too quickly. It's funny how this question has just come up after 4 years and 280,000 views. I hope these new notes don't add enough complexity to obscure the clarity.
@@SolwiseMD I'm a noob hence a noob question.
Looking at this again the confusion originated from the graphic layout, e.g. at 2:39 the horizontal plane is the plane from which we're looking at the antenna as it is presented in the graphic, so the "left-right" direction (if we imagine aiming the antenna at the transmitter). But the polar pattern placement in the graphic at 2:39 would suggest the "top-down" direction. I tried to combine both in the same space but that's not how it works.
The video is very helpful.
@@neetop1557, Reading your latest submission I think I see the confusion point. We don't look 'FROM' the horizontal plane, we look 'AT' the hoizontal plane, just as if we were looking at a map of a town. We look downwards at the horizontal plane. In the same way we look across to see the elevation plane, as if we were looking at the side of a house. I hope that helps.
I have wireless mixer that has built in Wi-Fi and a single external antenna. I can't practically place the mixer very high off the ground so would if make sense to add a cable to the antenna and just mount it up high? I'm thinking this should/could boost the effective range of the signal. Is there any reason this wouldn't work?
You don't say what sort of mixer this is. Food? Concrete?. No matter. Yes you can add an external anntenna as long as a suitable connector is provided on your device. The aim is to get a line of sight to the source of your WiFi service. The only issue wil be the loss of signal in the cable. Keep the cable as short as possible and select cable of a suitable type. Solwise sell a cable called HDF200 which is a likely cadidate. This cable has a loss of about 0.5dB per metre. You will also find suitable antennas on the Solwise.co.uk website and some insight into the connectors.
@@SolwiseMD Funny. Thanks. Good to know about signal loss. Was maybe hoping to go about 3 meters (over a bit and then up) but perhaps that much length would be self defeating. A little Ringo in your voice- absolutely love it. Perfect for narration and voice-over. Thanks again for replying.
@@paulh_ If you had a brick wall between your client and the signal source that might drop the signal by 20dB so peeking over the wall by using 3dB of cable would be a no-brainer. You might also get some gain by the antenna you choose.
Thanks for your comments about the presentation. I guess you mean Ringo in a Thomas the Tank Engine sort of way....
@@SolwiseMD read my mind. was just waiting for you to say, "he was a cheeky little engine."
Have you made a mistake for the uni-directional antenna? You mixed up the horizontal and elevation plane.
I can't see a mistake as such but it is sometimes ambiguous which is which. The important thing to note is that the two planes are at right angles to each other. For a directional antenna both planes will be aligned to the main radiating 'beam' of the antenna.
The elevation plane is like looking at the antenna from the side. The horizontal plane is like looking down on it from above, like a plan or a map.
@@SolwiseMDAt 2:10, the video shows a side view of the antenna, then at 2:20, the video said that it is showing the horizontal plane polar diagram. Hence, the video is saying that the horizontal plane is the side view of the antenna. The diagram should show a top or bottom view of the antenna instead.
The elevation plane diagram is correct though, showing a side view of the antenna.
@@karenma7704 See my reply to Neetop, sort these comments 'Newest First to find it. Wierdly, his question preceded yours and is essentially the same.
I think your graphics at 4:03 are incorrect. The narrator says that the omnidirectional antenna radiates in a horizontal disk. The graphics at 4:03 show an antenna radiating in two vertical disks projecting out to the sides. Clearly, it is not radiating equally in all directions in its horizontal plane.
It's true that the graphics are a bit misleading for a second or two there. I think my animator was struggling to create an effective transition from a 3D view to its E-plane representation. Our attempt uses cones as a starting point which is not perfect but as far as I'm aware you're the first in over 200,000 views to point this out. Thanks for your interest.
0:50 to 1:45
please help wi fi antenna solwshon
Tara Lila rose
7161💖
I am the uninitiated
The omnidirectional description is wrong. Omnis DO transmit and receive from ALL directions and not into a disc shape only. They do focus some energy but all directions are covered. The disc pattern is misleading to viewers since that is the path of the strong part of the signal, but the signal radiates in all directions in a sphere, just not equally as strong in some directions. Beam antennas are the same way, they radiate in ALL directions, just not equally well.
Hi David, Thanks for your interest. Strictly what you say is correct, there will be some radiation in sectors outside the target angle. If you need access to this signal you should refer to the polar diagrams as described in the video. For instance, imagine you have a WiFi antenna with which you are hoping to provide a signal to users around a village from a high vantage point like a church steeple. The signal close to the church will be in the worst signal zone of a typical omni antenna. However since the users close around the church are closest to the antenna there may be enough signal for them. The strongest signal will be directed towards the horizon and hopefully the outlying users.
The take-home point here is that gain in an antenna is only acheived by focussing. As a result increased signal in one direction will always mean a reduction the other directions.
I am a "ham" I know lots about antennas. My point is you should not use words like "only" and "none" when talking about beam antennas such as they radiate energy ONLY in the favored direction and NONE in the unfavored which is totally wrong. Even a 100 element beam will still have radiation off the sides and wherever the weakest signal from it is. There is no such thing as a perfect null with antennas.
Also your hypothetical example of a church steeple beam antenna to service a nearby village with Wifi can be easily solved with a 2nd access point servicing the inside of the church using a drastically different Wifi channel and optionally different polarization (not required but helps). This is Wifi 101 stuff.
Not just in sectors, in ALL directions there will be radiation. Imagine a sphere around a wifi antenna up on your theoretical church steeple... go anywhere in that sphere (within reasonable distance) and I guarantee you will get at least SOME signal. It might not be usable or fast but it will be present.
d rumah saya susah jaringan internet
The uninitiated?? Strange language....
Ok, what the hell was going on? Was he speaking Japanese, or am I an antenna idiot?
barely audible on iPhone ..imo obvious AI sabotage
I notice your video and the specifications of antenna products on your web site do not correctly specify "dBi" or "dB re isotropic" where absolute gain is most certainly implied. "dB" is, of course, fine when you are comparing two values, but absolute references require more clarity to comply with the expectations of the SI unit system. This makes your otherwise nice video incomplete at best. Worse, it makes your antenna product gain specs deceitful at best. This is a common mistake made by newbies to antennas. You might want to fix it and fast.
Thanks for your kind comments SkyCharter. I've taken soundings from some people with more than my (newbie) 20 years in the antenna world, notably from our main antenna manufacturers. The concencus seems to be that a short video like this one needs to stay firmly on topic and although your points may be academically sound, a digression to cover the detail of the units would just be a distraction. If you need to know more about the decibel and it's application to antennas please check out our other videos in this channel especially 'What is Antenna Gain?' and 'What is a deciBel?'.
Concerning the listings on our site, I feel that we stick to the industry convention of using the 'straight dB' notation in the headlines and specify dBi where appropriate, in the specifications table.
I understood Nothing !!!
0:36. That statement is false. For example, if 2 hams are communicating with each other at long distance (perhaps a few thousand miles), the polarization of the transmitted signal can change so there is no guarantee that the antenna that transmits well on one end will also receive well on that same end because the polarization change may be different in the 2 different directions of communication. In some cases it may be better to Tx on one antenna and Rx on another during the same contact. That is not "cheating". Many hams try different antennas during a contact for that reason (uncontrollable conditions by mother nature).
Your other wrong statement is that omnidirectionals don't radiate in all directions. They do. In fact, even beam antennas radiate in all directions!
Downvoted for blatant errors.
I think you're throwing out the baby with the bathwater here buddy. I found the video well made and informative.
Hi David, Thanks for your interest.
I think you may be confusing 'transmitting' and 'receiving' with 'channel-forming' here. To 'transmit' is to send the signal into free space. Likewise, to 'receive' is to recover a signal from free space. In both cases the figures quoted for an antenna's performance will assume that the signal's polarisation, frequency etc. are appropriate.
Certainly, this little introductory video does not attempt to cover issues of degradation or modification of the signal in transit. I hope this provides some clarification
David, Mind explaining how any of that affects dBi? I've literally never encountered a scenario where what you're describing is relevant when considering dBi. If you have fresnel obstruction, say on a HAM, 3G, 5G, etc, that has nothing to do with dBi. The antenna will still provide the same performance, should Fresnel obstruction not occur. You sound like a hobbyist out of his depth.
The point is not about dBi, that is hypothetical gain in free space. My point was antennas that Tx well might not Rx as well cuz of possible rapidly changing conditions. We do not live in freespace. The polarization of a DX signal could easily change during a contact and frequently does. Similarly, a ham in a car at a red light might have clean Rx from a repeater, but then when it comes time for him to Tx into that same repeater, he accidentally crept his car a little and is now is a partial node, making him noisy into the repeater. He might not know this until someone else mentions it on the repeater. So an antenna that can Tx cleanly will not necessarily Rx as cleanly (and vice versa) cuz of changing conditions. What this person in the video is presenting is a simplified version for newbies to understand but in the real world, it is not really accurate. Assuming nothing else changes, then Tx and Rx should be the same for the antenna but that is not a real world scenario because many things change.
@@davidjames1684 "The point is not about dBi" But it was. That is all they were talking about in the video. Of course Fresnel Zone obstruction and interference is going to change results. You coming in talking about it on a completely accurate statement about dBi is just you trying to thump your chest.
good