NEOPLASIA 3: TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES: Retinoblastoma Gene, Knudson's Two Hit Hypothesis.

This short tutorial explains the general concepts of tumor suppressor genes and a detailed explaination of Retinoblastoma gene
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Tumor suppression genes- general aspects
Retinoblastoma gene
Knudson’s two Hit Hypothesis
Role of RB in regulation of cell cycle
Mechanism of inactivation of RB
Tumors associated with RB gene mutations
Tumor suppressor proteins( products of TSG)
Regulate cell growth by applying brakes to cell proliferation ( Growth Inhibition)
Failure of growth inhibition is seen in carcinogenesis
Loss of function of these genes is a key event in carcinogenesis
Retinoblastoma Gene ( RB Gene)
First discovered Tumor suppressor gene
Chromosome 13q14
Retinoblastoma: is a childhood tumor with inactivation of this gene.
Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis
Two mutations ( hits) involving both the alleles of TSG ( here RB gene) is a basic requisite for the development of tumor
Retinoblastoma can occur as hereditary or sporadic form
Explanation for the same is given by Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis
RB protein- product of RB gene
Key role in regulation of the cell cycle
“Governor” of the cell cycle
So, How does RB gets inactivated ?OrHow does the Antiproliferative activity of RB is nullified?
1. Germline & somatic
Loss of function Mutations of RB Gene
2. Gene Amplifications of CDK 4 and
Cyclin D genes
3. Functional inactivation of RB
Tumors associated with RB Gene mutations
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Glioblastomas
Small cell carcinomas of lung
Breast cancers &
Bladder cancers
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Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
• NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG E...
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[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Albaraa Alfaraidi thanks for those kind words :-)

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Is there any notes available and is it helpful in university exam ? Please let me know

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Easy to understand... concept clear ....
Respect & love from core of my heart

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It really helpful

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Really helpful video. Thank you😊

[@drnirmalraut]

never understood retinoblastoma gene this better

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Haha.. That's the problem sir.. We being an oncologist... Just are entangled with the trials... Basics and core fundamentals, I feel are given the least weightage.. 🙏

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It helped me a lot..😌😌

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10000% solid concept

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Excellent explanation.thankyou sir

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Awesome. ❤

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Sir I m very grateful ..very nice explaination

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Beautiful explanation..

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Conceptual approach 👌

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Too good 🙌

[@tinyhunter2419]

Thank you sir for this beautiful explanation. Please do a video series on wbc malignancies

[@Jagannadhpeela]

good presentation

[@sarahmina1442]

Thank you!
Why is the retinoblastoma unilateral in 60% of cases? Since there are ×2 hits (in both chromosomes) it should be bilateral. (Affects both retinas).

[@Varshneymicrobes]

The gene for retinoblastoma is transmitted along with a gene for esterase D to which it is closely linked. However, either of the two alleles for esterase D can be transmitted with either allele for retinoblastoma. How do you know that retinoblastoma is not the direct effect of the esterase D genotype?
Please give explanation....

[@medicalknowledge7950]

Very useful 👍

[@smanna25]

Excellent

[@RESHMAPNAIR-ii5hl]

Great explanation.... Too good.... Robbins can be made so simple?

[@shkaraziz1194]

May I know your specific references, for example for the pictures, please?

[@anandsingh4071]

which is more common inherited or acquired retinoblastoma??

[@alamielizabeth]

Gracias

[@geethabalamurugan9641]

A plenty of thanks sir.... waiting for systematic pathology videos

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Very soon

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Thank you.

[@sangeetachoudhury2411]

Great explanation....Thanks for helping

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

You are most welcome

[@user-os9si8fe6o]

Sir, what is loss of function mutations for RB protein ? Can you please make a video on this topic 😢

[@nahidhaboub3316]

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[@JahangirAlam-qm7kn]

Thank you

[@wasim1880]

How normal cell divided? If RB gene is inhibit the cell to go S phase of cell cycle.??

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So wonderful . Thank you. You can also checkout my article in pediatriconcall on the same topic

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🔥🔥

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[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Thanks. Glad you liked it. Any suggestions are welcome.