Plato's Politeia offers profound insights into justice, morality, and the pursuit of self-knowledge that are still relevant today. The allegory of the cave stands out to me as a powerful metaphor for how people often live in ignorance, mistaking shadows for reality. This reflects how many today are trapped by misinformation or the influence of media and societal expectations, failing to see the deeper truths that lie beyond superficial appearances. The story of the Ring of Gyges challenges us to consider our integrity and moral character-would we still do what is right if no one could see or judge us? For me, this idea highlights the importance of personal integrity, where justice is not about external validation but about staying true to one’s principles even when unobserved. Plato's emphasis on self-knowledge, as captured in Socrates’ famous phrase "Know thyself," resonates deeply with me. It serves as a reminder that real growth and virtue come from within. Reflecting on our actions, desires, and motivations is essential to living a meaningful and just life. His Politeia pushes me to reflect more deeply on my values, question the world around me, and strive for both personal and societal improvement.
The symbolism of the "Singsing ni Gyges" showed that this issue still happens in our society. It focuses on the power of an individual, that has the capacity to abuse the power that they have especially those who have a position. The ability to do the wrong doing with the knowledge that they trust the security and also without thinking about the consequences and the people who will be involved in the consequence. Power comes with great strength and corruption as well.
Plato's Allegory of the Cave is a powerful metaphor for how people can be trapped in ignorance and how education helps us see the truth. It's a reminder that learning and growth are about opening our minds. Though Plato describes an ideal society, he knows it's tough to achieve in real life. His work still sparks debates on whether such a perfect society is possible or if it's more about striving to improve what we have. Plato was critical of democracy because he worried it could lead to poor leadership if people chose leaders based on popularity rather than wisdom. This critique remains relevant as we reflect on the strengths and challenges of democratic systems today. SOYANGCO, Jose Gabriel R. ELE PPCT A2-1
Plato’s Ring of Gyges and Allegory of the Cave provides us with the knowledge and guideline as to why we should be just, its importance and effect to ourselves and those surrounding us and how we can be just. Plato emphasized that the essence of being a human is by following the innate goodness and just within our psyche, and through reflection and socratic dialogue we can remember this inner goodness and just within us. Additionally, through reflection and by knowing ourselves we can build our own understanding and perspective of the world around us, so that we won’t easily fall to whatever status quo there is, and that it is your moral responsibility to help others to be enlightened and remember their innate goodness and being just. All in all, being good and just is innate to our human psyche and part of that innateness is the responsibility to remind others of their innate goodness and just as well. TARRANCO, Zion Enrique Gabriel ELE PPCT A2-1
Ang bawat isa sa lipunan ay may kanya-kanyang tungkulin, at ang hustisya ay nagmumula sa pagtupad ng bawat tao sa kanyang likas na papel. Bilang isang estudyante sa kasalukuyang panahon, ang "Politeia" ay maaaring magbigay inspirasyon sa iyo na pag-isipan ang iyong papel sa lipunan. Sa mundo ngayon, kung saan maraming isyu tulad ng maling impormasyon, korapsyon, at pagkakawatak-watak, maaaring ipaalala ng akda ni Plato ang halaga ng edukasyon, kaalaman, at etika. Ang pagiging isang responsableng mamamayan ay hindi lamang tungkol sa pagsunod sa mga batas, kundi tungkol din sa aktibong paghubog ng iyong sarili bilang isang makabuluhang miyembro ng lipunan na may pagpapahalaga sa katotohanan at katarungan. Sa iyong pag-aaral, maaari mong isaalang-alang ang halaga ng kritikal na pag-iisip at integridad sa harap ng mga isyung kinakaharap ng iyong henerasyon. Tulad ng mga philosopher-kings ni Plato, ikaw ay tinatawag na maging isang lider na nagpapahalaga sa karunungan at kabutihan. BOBIS, Leighannah Gwyn M. ELE PPCT A2-1
Sa aking pananaw, ang Politeia ni Plato ay nagbibigay ng napakahalagang leksyon para sa ating mga kabataan. Ang pagtuon sa kritikal na pag-iisip at malalim na edukasyon. Pinapakita na ito ay mahalaga talaga. Kapag natutunan natin ang mga prinsipyo ng katarungan at kabutihan, hindi lang tayo nagiging mas matalino, kundi natutulungan din tayong lumikha ng isang mas makatarungan at epektibong lipunan. Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasanay sa pagsusuri at pag-unawa sa mga pangunahing ideya, nagiging handa tayo sa pagharap sa mga hamon sa hinaharap at mag-ambag ng positibo sa ating komunidad.
Isa sa aking natutunan mula kay Plato ay ang direksyon ng katotohanan. Talagang tumatak sa akin ang maging “liwanag sa dilim” sapagkat nabibigyan tayo ng pagkakataon na maibahagi ang ating mga bagong kaalaman sa ating mga kasamahan na hindi tutok sa reyalidad. Dahil dito napapayaman natin ang ating pagkatao. Lagasi, Henrieta B. ELE PPCT, E-PC-4
What inspired me is how we must be willing to still descent back through the darkness to be the light of truth for others. I also felt a faith in humaniy again when I learned that people are born good, we only make mistakes on our estimation on what's best. I would also rather be blinded at first from the truth to be used of the actual reality I must live in, thus go through Anamnesis and respect how I've used to be human at first: through my genuine soul. I'd prefer to see that as a happier or luckier result in my life rather than staying in an artificial delusion. Ma. Laurice F. Muyot ELE-A13-1
As I read Plato’s Politeia, the first book mentioned “Ang Singsing ni Gyges” talks about a ring having the power of invisibility whoever wears it. With this power, this makes humans have more freedom with doing whatever they want without having to serve their consequences from their actions. The story itself implies the concept of humans testing their moral consciences of their actions. With humans having the ability to think, they are capable of knowing what is right and wrong. The main teaching of the story highlights the essence of living goodness without respecting something in return and respecting others as a way of recognizing human dignity and human rights. Meanwhile, the story of the “Ang Yungib” focuses on the people being imprisoned and stuck in their places as they view shadows and manipulated images by the people at the back of the prisoners. They were also compared to the people who were free and escaped the dark nature of the cave which were labeled as the enlightened and awakened. The main point of this book highlights the art of deinfluencing or deviating ourselves from the destructive societal concepts that society has taught us. This can be also connected from being more socially aware and conscious of the media we consume, especially learning to analyze fake news in social media. Plato mentioned that to escape the cave and lead ourselves to the path of light which is a metaphor for truth needs that we can only free ourselves from the darkness of the cave by being more conscious of the societal structures that can negatively affect us - this may not be an easy journey, especially unlearning and being more aware and accepting of the reality we live in. As we learn to accept this, we are slowly stepping to the truth embodying our conscious and critical mind fighting and eradicating deceiving lives. Plato also emphasized that truth is within us that can be more active through self-reflection and heightens moral responsibility by acting accordingly and morally. Lastly, I connect this to the quote of former senator John “Pepe” Diokno “The answer lies in what life means to you” - the quote means that life depends on one’s life principles and perspectives. Lastly, this reminds us that we should do our best to live with goodwill and pure intentions no matter how people treat us as long as we do not hurt and deceive people for our own advantage.
What captured my attention the most is the phrase, “No one chooses to do evil knowingly.” We all have our own understanding of what is good and what is evil, but doing unjust and morally evil things does not simply justify our reason. Yes, we can say that we have our perspective of what is good, or rather, what benefits us the most. If you to put in an ethical perspective, would you report the man who stole food and money just so he can provide for his family? One may say that stealing is bad but another would simply say that the purpose of the man’s action is somehow right. FERNANDEZ, Soberien Kate F. ELE PPCT A3-1 | 1JRN1
As a college student, trying to navigate life and figure out my own path, the story "Ring of Gyges" hits home in ways I didn’t expect. It made me realize how much of my actions, and even my sense of right and wrong, are shaped by external pressures-grades, expectations, social media, and the opinions of others. We often do the "right" thing because we're afraid of judgment or failure, not because we truly believe in what we’re doing. The story made me question: if no one were watching, would I still be the same person? Would I still make the same choices? The idea that people often only act justly to avoid consequences really struck me. It’s easy to follow the rules when you know someone’s watching, but real integrity is about doing the right thing even when no one is looking. I realized that true justice and goodness shouldn’t be something we perform for others or out of fear of punishment. Instead, it should come from a deeper place within us-a genuine desire to be a good person because we understand its value. It’s not about impressing others or keeping up appearances; it’s about living in a way that aligns with who we truly want to be. As I grow older, I’m learning that life isn’t just about pleasing others or following rules for the sake of it. And this lesson is just a testament of this certain philosophy. It’s about finding that inner compass, that personal sense of morality, and living according to it, even when it’s hard, and even when no one is watching. This collection of stories; Ring of Gyges and Allergory of the Cave reminded me that real happiness comes from living authentically and staying true to our values, not from chasing approval or avoiding consequences. FRANCISCO, ANTONIO A. ELE A2-1 (1COM4)
As per the discussion, Plato's story about the Ring of Gyges illustrates the temptation of 'complete freedom' where social and moral constraints are nonexistent. Since gaining consciousness, humans have long been subjected to what constitutes 'right or wrong,' 'moral or immoral,' and 'legal and illegal.' Some people get drunk on their concept of 'freedom' and lose sight of what truly matters. That is why it is essential to determine our purpose and how we want to live. By doing this, we can identify why we must live a certain way and choose to live that way. Because, like Ferriols once said, "Ang Pilosopiya ay Ginagawa," it is akin to assimilating our beliefs in our lives. Through that, we can achieve freedom that does not defy morality. There is a saying, "Ignorance is bliss," but is it? Plato's Allegory of the Cave showed how the prisoners inside the cave refused to believe something different from what they were programmed to think all their lives. They cannot fathom something beyond their misconstrued version of reality simply because they don't have the means to. We cannot blame their ignorance and naivety since it is understandable. That is why the escapee is responsible for being the harbinger of light. It is neither easy nor pleasant, but it is necessary.
Dalawang makabuluhang istorya na galing kay Plato ang pinakita sa atin sa video na ito. Ito ay puno ng aral pag isinabuhay at inintindi natin mabuti. Ang mga aral na mapupulot dito ay maari parin natin magamit sa kasalukuyang panahon. “Timeless” kung sabihin natin sa ingles. “Walang tao ang gumagawa ng makatarungan ng kusang loob” isang napakagandang statement na nabanggit sa video. Ginagawa natin ang tama dahil takot tayo sa kakalabasan kapag alinsunod sa tama ang ginawa natin. Takot tayo maparusahan ng batas, kaya pinipili nalang din natin na gawin ang tama at ito naman ay nagdudulot ng maganda sa ating lipunan. Kung ako man ay bibigyan ng “total freedom” sigurado ako na matutukso ako gumawa ng mga bagay na ‘di makatarungan. Kaya importante na nakikita tayo dahil sa pamamagitan nito mapipilitan tayo gumawa ng mabuti at mapapanatili natin na maganda nag reputasyon natin. Kailangan natin maging mapanuri sa mga bagay na tingin natin ay tama. Dito tayo nagkakaiba iba, sariling pananaw natin sa kung ano nga ba ang tama. Magiingat tayo sa pagsuri dahil maaring dalhin tayo nito sa kasamaan. Ang pagninilay sa ating sarili ay isang mahalagang bahagi upang makita at makamit natin ang katotohanan. Hindi lamang tayo magbabase sa ating nakikita kung ano ang tama, kaya pinapagamit sa atin ni Plato ang ating isipan upang makaunawa sa halip na makakita lamang. Hindi rin ito isang one way process, kailangan din natin magbalik tanaw sa pinanggalingan natin upang maging isang liwanag tayo sa kadiliman SANGIL, John Christian A. ELE PPCT A13-1
The selected stories from the Republic discussed here provided a reflection on the morality of our peers questioned in the Ring of Gyges, and the hurtful truth alluded in the allegory of the Cave. Like Glaucon, knowing the story about the Ring of Gyges made me question not simply about morality, but of its existence. Does morality still exist and rule the world today? Or does the world continue to be dominated by malice? When we look at some of the things going on today, especially with world leaders, people still continue to question their true intentions and their morality. Additionally, I had also realized another contrast between the concept of the Ring and the situation of today. In the Ring of Gyges, the concept persists that a man is good until being given the chance to sin without being caught. But nowadays, are people still even trying to hide their immorality? Especially when we notice that in recent years, political figures like Rodrigo Duterte for example, appeared unashamed of being foul-mouthed among other controversies. Or must it be because they are already in power at that point? But the point is, despite all of those mentioned, his supporters continue to approve of this side of him due to it being "natural" and continue to support him despite his vices. Which then brings me to the allegory of the Cave, where the allusion of the close-minded cavemen can still be seen today in the so-called "loyalists" supporting the current President and his family. That despite the truth already being shown to them, they are now already used to the views and perceptions shown to them as the truth, even if it may be otherwise. Such concept can also be likened to Ferriols' other work "Sapagkat ang Pilosopiya ay Ginagawa" in the story "E Kasi Bata" - where the children are already contented with what was taught to them and proceeded along with what they believe they already know everything about. Another part in this video's analysis of the cave allegory that got to me the most is the explanation that the truth deserves to be known and spread, and that we have the moral responsibility to share what we know. It is only but a "food-for-thought" for myself at this moment. The thought that despite however hurtful the truth can be at first, we are still suggested to take up to our moral responsibility, and let it be known. I, myself, have also dealt with such situation wherein I had known truths about certain people that may not be in their benefit, yet for some reason, continue to hide them. As much as I am willing to be aware about the other people I know, I am also nervous about the implications it can bring against the peers we both share. I know that it may be my obligation, but at the same time, also bothered by its dire consequences. Or what if the things I know are merely just the so-called "chismis", that appear to most as rumors? RODRIGUEZ, Benjamin Martin C. ELE A2-1
It is such intriguing to hear about Plato's symbolism towards the truth of what happens to people because it exactly describes of how people react and think about certain situations on life. Upon my experience and readings regarding philosophical thinking and perspective, I came across a quotation that says "There is no such thing as right or wrong, there is only perspective", with this quotation in mind and hearing the story of Plato about the ring of Gyges, it gave an eye-opening realization and even got me even further deeply curious whether such things truly exists and are done as it is or is it plainly just by how people choose how to see certain behaviors or actions of themselves and others are what deemed to be whether something right or wrong. if there is no such things as right or wrong, how come people were even able to identify the true right and wrong doings? what could be the most strongest evidence or explanation in which such things originated if such things can only be viewed upon what they see, hear, smell, or feel?
I particularly like the segment where Plato discusses the Allegory of the Cave. I think that part holds great significance, even in society today. The hierarchies we have formed have given the unjust and unworthy power to shape our minds and our perception of reality. They have condemned us to thinking a certain way; a way in which they deceive us with their distorted truths. This touched me deeply because I have experienced unfair treatment from those in power. Due to my age, I have been shut out and told that I have no place where the adults stand. I’ve been instructed to believe certain things, not because they are true, but because those in authority say so. It’s unfair. I connect with Plato’s story as I, too, feel like I have been chained; forced to perceive the world in a certain way. If I look past their deception, then I am faced with the consequences they will bestow upon me. I believe that through analyzing this part of Plato’s Politeia, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we, as individuals, need to work together in order to see past their lies and to piece together the bigger picture. Consequently, once we see the truth, we must have the courage to follow and stand up for it; not to gain fame or recognition from society, but to help create a better one, where fairness and truth reign. CHAVEZ, Juliana Clarisse F. ELE PPCT A13-1
In the discussion between Glaucon and Socrates, the ring denotes total freedom for Gyges, as he was able to do as he pleases without the fear of punishment or any consequence due to the lack of visibility. However, this case then compels me to ask the question, "Ano nga ba ang kalayaan?" After much thought and contemplation, I can say that I disagree with the conception mentioned above of freedom, for I stand by the belief that freedom is not a state of being where responsibilities are abandoned and hedonistic desires are followed. Rather, it is a condition by which one possesses the autonomy to decide and act based on reason, which is one of the guiding factors of morality, holding oneself accountable and responsible for whatever outcome it entails. Because, like Dan Brown said, "Nothing is hidden that will not be made known; nothing is secret that will not come to light." Hindi man iyan agad-agad, hindi man iyan ngayon, pero malalantad din ang lahat ng nakatago. So, if the ring does not promise eternal anonymity, particularly in the actions done by the individual using it, does a person have total freedom with it? Kaya kung masasabi lamang na malaya si Gyges dahil sa pagkakakubli na binibigay ng singsing, ibig sabihin ba nito na hindi siya malaya kapag wala ito? At habang nariyan ang singsing sa buhay niya, anong halaga nito sa buhay niya at hanggang kalian ito magiging kalugod-lugod sa kaniya? Ultimately, I assert the adage: "The truth will set you free." To be free is to live by and with the truth, and the truth is right and good. By: Lapig, Tessa Gia S. PPCT (ELE A3-1) 1JRN1
Ang dalawang kwentong na-iulat ni Plato ay nagpapatunay kung paano ba kumilos ang isang tao lalo’t naipakita rin dito kung paano sila gumawa ng desisyon patungo sa kanilang karanasan. Ang singsing ni Gyges ay halintulad sa moralidad ng isang tao, kung saan sila ay nag-iisip kung makatarungan nga ba ang gagawin ng isang tao. Itulad natin ito sa eskuwelahan kung saan ipinapakita na tayo ay mga mabubuting estudyante subalit kapag lumabas ang isang estudyante sa kaniyang eskuwelahan at sabay pinalitan ang kaniyang uniporme, siya parin ba ang kinikilalang mabuting estudyante? Maaaring ang isa ay mahilig sa bisyo at gumagawa ng mga hindi makatarungan. Ang tao ay dapat marunong magdalawang isip upang matanaw ang kanilang aksyon, kung ito ba ay ikabubuti o ikasasama ng isa. Ang yungib, ay sumisimbolo naman sa kung paano tumingin sa nakaraan ang isang tao, na ang tao ay dapat marunong ring lumabas at gumalaw mula sa kanilang anino. Bilang mga tao nagpapakita ito na dapat hindi tayo nawawalan ng pag-asa dahil sa sa kabilang panig ay laging may liwanag. Tulad ng pag-danas ng kamalian ng isa. Kapag tayo ay nagkakamali, pinipili na lamang nating tumira at sa mga pagkakamaling iyon, at hindi na tumitingin sa mga posibleng solusyon. Kaya nga may kasabihan na “trial and error” dahil kapag ang tao ay nagkakamali sila ay natututong tumitingin sa kanilang anino at ginagawan ng paraan upang makamit ang tama o kaya ang liwanag, dahil ang tao ay umuusbong at hindi kinukulong ang sarili sa kadiliman. Sa dalawang kwentong ito, makikita na ang tao ay kritikal, sadyang may mga pagkakataong hindi ito nagagamit ng wasto at hinahayaan na lamang natin. Ngunit ang tao ay marunong rin humarap sa mga pagbabagong naihaharap sakanila, basta’t patuloy lang ang pagiging makulit at mapanuri ng isang tao. CAMACHO, Anjhanel S. ELE A1-1 | 1COM2
Ang tumatak sa isip ko base sa video na ito ay ang linya ni Socrates kung saan, “Ang problema ay ang maling estimasyon sa mabuti.” Ang mga tao ay madalas na nahaharap sa mga sitwasyon kung saan kinakailangan nilang pumili sa pagitan ng mabuti at masama. Ang isa sa mga pangunahing hadlang sa paggawa ng tamang desisyon ay ang maling pag-unawa sa tunay na kalikasan ng mabuti na maaaring magdulot sa pag-pili ng mga aksyon na sa kalaunan ay nagiging sanhi ng mas maraming pinsala kaysa sa kabutihan. Ayon kay Socrates, ang lahat ng masamang gawain ay dulot ng kamangmangan. Hindi ito nangangahulugang ang mga tao ay ignorante sa lahat ng aspeto, ngunit sa halip, ang kanilang kakayahan na gumawa ng mga tamang desisyon ay naiimpluwensyahan ng kanilang kakulangan ng tunay na kaalaman sa epekto ng kanilang mga aksyon. Halimbawa, ang isang tao na naniniwala na ang pagnanakaw ng maliit na bagay mula sa isang mayaman ay hindi masyadong mali, ay maaaring hindi makita ang mas malalim na epekto nito sa kanyang moral na integridad at sa epekto sa relasyon niya sa iba. Tulad ng kakulangan sa kaalaman, ito ay nagbibigay liwanag sa kung bakit tayo minsang naliligaw ng landas sa paghusga sa mabuti. Ito ay tumatagos hindi lamang sa antas ng indibidwal, kundi pati na rin sa mas malawak na konteksto ng lipunan, na nagiging sanhi ng mga sistematikong problema at hindi pagkakapantay-pantay. Paano natin masosolusyunan ito? Upang mapabuti ang ating kakayahan na mag-estima ng mabuti, kailangan natin ang masusing edukasyon sa moralidad at etika, pati na rin ang pagbuo ng kritikal na pag-iisip. Ang wastong edukasyon lamang ang makapagbibigay ng solidong pundasyon para sa pag-unawa sa mga prinsipyo ng kabutihan, habang ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay tutulong sa atin na suriin ang mga desisyon hindi lamang mula sa pansamantalang pananaw kundi mula sa pangmatagalang epekto nito. Ngunit, paano natin masisiguro na ang ating mga desisyon at pananaw ay tumutukoy sa tunay na kabutihan? JULIAN, Yvonnah Michaella A. ELE PPCT A13-1
Although I have only read two chapters of the text "Plato's Politeia", it cannot be denied that it is a wonderful book that is a collection of lessons and realizations. The ring of Gyges makes me think that if there really is a ring like that in the world, it will probably be a disaster. Why? I can say that I am a kind and good person, but when I thought about whether there really was such a ring and it ended up in my possession, I couldn't deny that what I was thinking was wrong too. Apparently it can also be considered a free pass. With this idea of Plato, I asked myself if there is a naturally good person who even if he is alone, will he/she still does good even if no one sees? Because if there is a chance that we all have Gyges' ring, I'll bet that it will be used in a negative way. So in the real world, do we really want to do good? Or do we just not want to be judged as bad? The cave in the text represents our world and other people. Plato's use of objects and symbols is excellent, it reflects our reality. It's sad to say, but there are many people who only look at their shadows. Behind these shadows are the people who can shape or break a person. A world without light, is a world without reality. Others chain themselves and lock their thoughts in a cave. Where the person only looks at the shadow he himself created. Beliefs that he knows are wrong but choose to stand by. In our world, if there is a chance that there is light in our lives, even if it hurts our eyes, we will also learn to adjust. Because if its hurting our eye, it means that it is real. We're leaving in reality. TAGUIAM, Gillian Gale T. 1 JRN 3, ELE A3-1
"Walang taong makatarungan dahil sa sarili nito". Karamihan daw sa mga taong mas pinipili ang "katarungan" ay ginagawa ito ng may pagtitiis. Ginagawa nila ito para sa magandang imahe sa publiko. Minsan, ginagawa lang ng mga tao yung pagsunod sa katarungan kasi takot silang makulong o mapunish. May mga batas kasi tayo at takot ang mga tao sa magiging consequence kung lumabag sila dito. Bali hindi naten ginagawa yung mga bagay na makatarungan for itself, rather we do it for the sake of its consequence. Walang makatarungang tao na kusang loob. KAITLYN RYANNE RAZON CALIMBAS 1E4, ELE PPCT, E-PC-4 BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Based on what I have read and watched from the materials provided, I have gained some knowledge and have some insights to share regarding the twi story. First, is the “Ring of the Gyges,” It made me ask questions too such as: Are we following the rules because we want to or because it is the law? and, Do we really do things that are morally and socially acceptable because we want to and not because we have consequences to face if we don’t follow them? The story talked about the abuse of power because the man did not have consequences to meet, he was given the power of invisibility and along that comes the freedom of being able to do whatever he wanted to, without being criticized if it’s not righteous. Also, it made me reflect on myself. Had I been the one given that power, can I proudly say that I would use it for a greater cause and not use it other than that? I probably would have given in to temptations as well. I would get the things that I’ve always wanted, go to places, and probably just grab anything that I feel like having. This is also connected to the following story. For the second story, I think that it is meant to show that our beliefs and perceptions are based on what we see and the environment that we grew up in. We think that the truth is what we have always known to be the truth, the things we are already familiar with, and even the system that surrounds us. Just like the story, he discovered the truth once he got out of the cave because he was finally able to see things in a different light, he was able to go outside and discover the world for himself. I think that it also showed how going outside of what we’ve always been comfortable with is not as easy as we say it is-it takes a lot of time to adjust and learn about the truth. To sump up, I learned that it is best to share our knowledge or what we have learned among our peers. To help others who are finding it hard to get out from the cave and break free from the systematic beliefs that they grew up in. SEGALLE, Jhuliana Audrey P. (1COM4) ELE-A2-1 PPCT
Habang pinakikinggan ko yung video sa part nung “Alegorya ng Yungib” ni Plato, naisip ko ang kasabihang, “The truth will set you free.” Eh, ano bang silbi ng pagsasabi ng katotohanan kung ikaw mismo ay pagiinitan, o kaya’y patayin dahil sa ginawa mong pagsabi ng katotohanan? Hindi ba pwede na hayaan na lang natin ang bawat isa sa kani-kanilang paniniwala? Ano bang makukuha natin diyan? “Ignorance is bliss,” ika nga nila ‘di ba? Pero, nung mas nilaanan ko ng pag-iisip, ipinapakita ni Plato sa “Alegorya ng Yungib” na kapag ang tao ay namulat sa katotohanan, may obligasyon ang taong iyon na “bumalik sa yungib” at ibahagi ang kanyang natutunan sa iba, kahit na pang ito ay mangagahulugan ng paglalagay ng sarili niyang buhay sa panganib. Ang mga taong nananatili sa dilim, mga nakakulong pa rin sa kanilang maling paniniwala, kadalasan, sila pa mismo ang nagagalit o tinatanggihan ang katotohanan kapag iniharap ito sa kanila. Doon naman sa “Ring of Gyges,” ibinanggit ni Glaucon na ang mga tao ay kumikilos ng makatarungan hindi dahil likas silang mabuti, kundi dahil natatakot sila sa mga posibleng parusa sa pagiging masama. Ngunit, kapag ang mga tao ay nakatitiyak na hindi sila mahuhuli, tulad ng isang taong may singsing ni Gyges, sila’y hindi gagawa ng mga hindi makatarungang bagay dahil hindi sila takot sa mga magiging kahihinatnan ng kasamaan. Ang punto ko rito ay, mula sa dalawang istorya ni Plato, nagpapakita sila ng dalawang bagay: ang kahirapan sa pagpapahayag ng katotohanan at ang tunay na kalikasan ng isang tao pagdating sa pagiging makatarungan. Sa “Alegorya ng Yungib,” ipinapakita ang hirap ng pagdaloy ng katotohanan, na kahit na ito’y nagbibigay kalayaan, ang mga tao ay mas pipiliing manatili sa kasinungalingan. Sa “Ring of Gyges,” ipinapakita naman ang “temptation” na sumiping sa kasamaan kapag wala nang banta ng parusa. Napagtanto ko na ang parehong kwento ay nagsusuri sa kung ano talaga ang gumagabay sa mga aksyon ng tao-takot sa parusa, o tunay na pagmamahal sa katarungan at katotohanan. Siguro ang layunin ni Plato mula sa dalawang kwento na ito ay mailahad sa atin na ang katotohanan ay hindi talaga madaling tanggapin o kaya ipahayag, lalo na kung ito ay naglalagay sa atin sa peligro. Ngunit, sa kabila ng lahat ng panganib na ating kinakaharap at makakaharap, ang pagkilala at pagkilos ayon sa katotohanan ay ang tunay na susi sa kalayaan. Katulad nga ng sinabi ko sa simula, "The truth will set you free"-hindi lang sa pagkakaalam ng katotohanan, kundi sa pagkilos ayon dito, kahit gaano pa kahirap o delikado. Sa huli, ang totoong kalayaan ay makakamit lamang kapag tayo’y natutong magsalita at kumilos nang may katarungan at katotohanan. ROSARIO, Karol Czarls R. ELE PPCT A13-1 | 1ECO1
Sa Lecture, binanggit na naniwala si Glaucon na walang taong makatarungan dahil sa sarili nito. Sumasang-ayon ako rito sapagkat ano nga ba ang nagpipigil sa ating gumawa ng hindi makatarungan? Hindi ba ay ang mga batas na ginawa para mapigilan ito? Pinatunayan niya ang punto niyang ito sa pamamagitan ni Gyges at ang kapangyarihang taglay ng Singsing. Sa gitna ng discussion ni Sir Emman, tinanong niya ang hindi maiiwasang katanungan, “Kung ikaw si Gyeges, gagamitin mo rin ba ang singsing sa di makatarungang gawain?” Kung sasagutin ko ito nang may pagtatapat at kung napunta ako sa parehong sitwasyon ni Gyges, matutukso ako na gamitin ito sa aking sariling pabor dahil wala namang nakakakita. Ngunit kung tutuusin, pinalaki naman tayo upang gumawa ng mabuti alinsunod sa ating mga magulang, batas, at iba pa. Ngunit pinapatunayan nito ang punto ni Glaucon na walang taong makatarungan dahil sa sarili nito. Sa pangalawang kwento naman, nangibabaw ang katwiran tungkol sa prinsipyo at paninindigan sa buhay. Noong binabasa ko ang teksto ang una kong nakuhang pagpapahalaga dito ay ang pagkakaroon ng bukas na isip para sa lahat ng bagay. Ngunit ng mapanood ko ang supplementary video, naliwanagan ako sa kung ano ang sinasalamin ng kwentong “Ang Yungib”. Ipinapakita rito ang pagpili kung ano ang makakabuti sa iba hindi lamang sa sarili. Kung ating ikukulong ang ating sarili sa isang pananaw sa buhay, hindi tayo uunlad. Nguni Sa huling bahagi ng video, ipinakita ni Sir Emman ang opinyon ni Pepe Diokno ukol sa tanong na “Why be honest, when it pays to become dishonest? Why fight for others when they won’t fight for you? - or even for themselves?” Sinabi niya na ang sagot ay nakasalalay sa kung ano ang kahulugan ng buhay para sa iyo. Nakadepende ito sa kung ano ang kalogayahan para sa’yo; ito ba ay kayamanan? Kasikatan? Kapangyarihan? - kung gayon, hindi mo na kailangan ang prinsipyo. Ngunit kung ang kaligayahan mo naman ay nasusukat sa respeto sa sarili at sa iba, ang layon mo na ngayon ay magpakatotoo sa sarili at sa Diyos. Recitation (1 COM4 - Rozaldo, Khaylie G.)
Ano nga ba ang katotohanan? Sa storyang “Aligorya ng Unib” ipinapahatid sa atin na ang katotohanan ang nagbabago, nakadepende ito sa kung paano natin ito titignan o sa kung paano ito ipapakita sa atin. Ipinapakita dito ang kahalagahan ng pagiging bukas sa panibagong perpective, dahil hindi lahat ng iyong pinaniniwalaang tunay o totoo ay tunay na totoo. May mga pagkakataon sa ating buhay kung saan, tayo ay nagugulat sapagkat natutuklasan natin na, malayo katotohanan sa kung anong pinaniniwalaan natin tulad ng example ni Mr. De Leon na kapag iyong napagtanto na niloloko ka ng iyong kasinatahan, tama nga na sa una tayo ay masasaktan sapagkat hindi iyun ang alam nating totoo , ngunit kung tatatanggapin natin ito,tayo ay may matutunan. Sa istoryang ito makikita ang kahalagahan ng pagiging bukas sa panibangong kaalaman.
"Politeia ni Plato" was one reading that had 2 main stories that it focused on, which is in the end actually intertwined with each other. First was the story of the ring, the Ring of Gyges which for me was like the Ring of Power in the Lord of the Rings, wherein Bilbo was able to be invisible once it was worn. To be honest, it’s not the same but the two rings are similar in the sense it makes you invisible, letting you do whatever you want. How is it different? You may ask. In the reading the Ring of Gyges symbolizes absolute freedom in the pursuit of doing anything you want without facing the consequences that lie ahead. The Ring of Power on the other hand though it does make you invisible, letting you escape many situations, wearing it can lead the “bad” individuals to you-which in relation to the Ring of Gyges, it lets you near the “immoral” -and can make you go mad, just like what it did to Gollum. The difference is that the Ring of Gyges doesn’t let you think of the consequences compared to the Ring of Power which was known and notorious to have consequences when worn, in the end the Ring of Gyges was still used and the Ring of Power was destroyed. I love thinking about these two rings after reading “The Singsing” part of the reading as it actually showed or deepened my understanding about the concept of freedom-absolute freedom. It made me question myself, just like what the supplementary video is asking, are we doing things just because we’re scared of the consequences or we just want to do things because we’re genuine? Although I really do understand the part of “we do things because there are consequences” but I rather believe that I do things because I want to do good, not because I want to be a “pick me” but for me to get what I want or do what I want, I have to work hard for it. I want to work hard for it so that I can say that I truly deserve that thing, status, position, wealth, etc. Second was the Allegory of the Cave, the “yungib,” my understanding of this part of the lecture and reading was technically simple. Go outside of the box, or in this case, the cave. We have to break free from the chains, the societal norms that are engraved to us from the start. But actually, it’s harder than it sounds, because doing something you aren’t used to is a continuous internal battle, not just external. So with that, I learned to take baby steps, criticize one thing at a time, understand one thing at a time because overwhelming yourself at the start will quickly lead you to your downfall. Lastly, I really liked the part wherein the reading and lecture mentioned “going back” into the darkness once you’ve reached enlightenment. With that I believe that one must be someone who teaches, helps others realize, aids others to go out of their box or cave, and cares about others who are having a hard time removing their chains. Because “enlightenment” does not end once you’ve reached enlightenment-your goals. With that, I conclude that both stories about the Ring and the Cave are intertwined in such a way that with freedom comes the sense of responsibility to find out the truth, breaking free from the norms that society sets. LAO, Kristienne Lovelle P. 1COM4, ELE PPCT A2-1
Isa sa mga tanong ni Plato dito ay kung ano ba ang kahalagahan ng katarungan? At tunay nga na masasabi na hindi kusang loob ang pagiging makatarungan o pagiging mabuti sapagkat takot ang mga tao sa mga consequences. Katulad nalang kapag ikaw ay lumabag sa batas, maaari kang makulong. Hence, natatakot ang tao sa kung ano mang parusa ang maaari nilang makamit kapag gumawa sila ng di-makatarungan o hindi mabuti. Natalakay din ang "importance of visibility" sapagkat with visibility nakikita ang mga galaw o gawain ng mga tao, ito rin ang dahilan bakit nagiging conscious ang tao sa mga ginagawa nila sapagkat takot silang may makakita sakanila at maaari pa nila itong ikapahamak. Subalit sa paniniwala ni Plato, malalaman natin na ayon sakaniya na ang katarungan ay natural sa tao. Pero ito ay contradicting sa mga nakikita natin, lalo na sa panahon ngayon, na ang kabutihan at katarungan ay para lang sa reputation ng tao or sa ine-expect na reward later on. Ang katarungan na ito na nasa pangalawang aklat ay connected sa pang pitong aklat dahil it was discussed there na ang mga tao ay nasa dilim o anino at kailangan nila ng pag-unawa upang maintindihan ang kabutihan at upang umangat sa liwanag. Kasama dito, may responsibilidad ang tao na ibahagi sa iba ang katotohanan na kanilang nalaman. Matututunan dito na hindi dapat maging selfish ang isang tao sapagkat deserve ng iba malaman ang totoo at hindi kawalan ang maapi basta ikaw ay nasa katotohanan kaysa ikaw ang mang-api sa nasa katotohanan. MEDINA, ALYANNA MAE S. 1E4, ELE PPCT, E-PC-4
Ang tanong na "Ano nga ba ang kalayaan?" ay isang malalim na pagninilay-nilay na may iba't ibang aspeto at kahulugan. Sa konteksto ng alamat ng singsing ni Gyges, maaaring magbigay tayo ng sagot sa pamamagitan ng pagtingin sa mga ideya ng kalayaan, katarungan, at moralidad. 1. Kalayaan sa Konteksto ng Singsing ni Gyges: Sa alamat ni Gyges, ang singsing ay nagbibigay sa kanya ng kakayahang maging invisible at, dahil dito, hindi siya matutukso ng mga konsekuensya ng kanyang mga aksyon. Sa ganitong sitwasyon, maaaring masabi na ang kalayaan ni Gyges ay nauugnay sa kakayahang magmaneho ng kanyang mga pagnanasa nang walang takot sa parusa o pagsisi. Ang kanyang kalayaan ay tila nakasalalay sa kanyang kakayahang kumilos nang walang limitasyon o kontrol mula sa iba. 2. Kalayaan na Walang Singsing: Kung wala ang singsing, ang kalayaan ni Gyges ay limitado ng kanyang pangako sa mga pamantayan ng moralidad at batas. Ang tunay na kalayaan, sa isang mas malalim na antas, ay hindi lamang ang kakayahang gawin ang anumang nais natin nang walang kahihinatnan, kundi ang pagkakaroon ng kapangyarihan na pumili ng mabuti mula sa masama, kahit na may mga kahihinatnan. Sa ganitong paraan, ang kalayaan ay hindi basta-basta ang kakayahang iwasan ang mga paghihigpit, kundi ang kakayahang magsanay ng personal na integridad at moral na pagpipilian. 3. Halaga ng Singsing sa Buhay ni Gyges: Ang singsing ni Gyges, sa isang bahagi, ay nagbibigay sa kanya ng isang paborableng kondisyon sa buhay-ang kakayahang kumilos nang walang takot sa parusa. Ngunit, habang ang singsing ay maaaring magbigay ng pansamantalang kasiyahan at kapangyarihan, ang halaga nito sa buhay ni Gyges ay maaaring magbago. Kung ang pangunahing layunin niya ay ang magpalakas ng kanyang sariling pagnanasa, ang singsing ay nagiging instrumento na nagpapalakas sa kanyang pagkasawa sa sarili at sa materyal na bagay, hindi tunay na nagbibigay sa kanya ng kasiyahan sa mas malalim na antas. 4. Pagiging Kalugod-lugod ng Singsing: Ang singsing ay maaaring magbigay ng pansamantalang kasiyahan, ngunit sa pangmatagalang pananaw, maaaring magdulot ito ng moral na pagkasira at kawalan ng tunay na kaligayahan. Kung ang tunay na halaga ng buhay ni Gyges ay nakasalalay sa kanyang kakayahang maging makatarungan at magkaroon ng moral na integridad, ang singsing ay nagiging hadlang sa kanyang pag-abot sa tunay na halaga at kaligayahan. Ang pansamantalang kalugod-lugod na dulot ng singsing ay maaaring maglaho kapag napagtanto ni Gyges ang tunay na halaga ng katarungan at personal na integridad. Sa kabuuan, ang kalayaan ay hindi lamang ang kakayahang gumawa ng anumang nais nang walang limitasyon kundi ang kakayahang pumili nang tama kahit na may mga paghihigpit o kahihinatnan. Ang singsing ni Gyges, habang nagbibigay sa kanya ng pansamantalang kalayaang walang takot sa parusa, ay maaaring magdulot ng mas malalim na problema sa kanyang personal na moralidad at tunay na kaligayahan. MENDOZA, Louise Fiel 1COM1 ELE A1-1 PPCT
It's difficult to find a simple explanation of what makes a "just" and an "unjust" person. I personally believe that, as imperfect beings, all humans have qualities that make them both just and unjust. It only depends on the person as to which qualities outweights the other, and how they wish to interact with others accordingly. However, I do believe that people are never born as immoral. I think being immoral and unjust is something that is taught as one grows older. Similar to the insights in this supplementary material, we learn to have unjust thoughts and actions, only to hide them in fear of punishment. In the last paragraph of Jose Diokno's letter to his son, Chel Diokno, I agree with the sentiment that those who do wrong are convinced that they are doing good, most probably because they know it would be for a good cause or because it would benefit them in the long run. He mentioned an example of a "megalamoniac posing as a messiah" to illustrate his point. Based on that, perhaps we do wrong because we are blinded by self-righteousness, and that we persuade ourselves that there is something to gain after we have done so. We think we are right when in reality, we are in the wrong. Charlize Ann D. Lavastida (ELE A2-1)
Dalawang storya na galing sa isang mahabang libro ni Plato ang tinalakay sa bidyong ito at may mapupulot kang aral sa dalawang kwento. Dito natin makikita ang kamangha-manghang utak ni Plato at kung paano niya ginagawang karakter ang mga opinyon niya. Ang unang istorya ay tungkol sa singsing na nakita ni Gyges. Napagtanto ni Gyges na maari siyang maging invisible kapag iniikot niya ang singsing sa kanyang daliri. Nakita natin sa istoryang ito na ginamit ni Gyges ang kanyang kakayahang maging invisible sa pag akit sa asawa ng hari at pinatay pa niya ang hari. Pinagsamantalahan niya ang kakayahang ito sa paggawa ng masamang bagay. Tinatalakay dito na ang mga tao, natural silang makatarungan pero bakit kaya kapag hindi tayo nakikita ng iba, walang ibang pumapasok sa isipan natin kundi gumawa ng di-makatarungan? Para sa akin, natural na makatarungan ang mga tao dahil sa natural nilang ugali na matakot. Lumaki tayong lahat na may nakatingin sa atin at ipinagbabawal ang mga hindi tamang bagay. O kaya naman, kaya tayo gumagawa ng tama ay dahil gusto natin ng premyo. Dahil simula bata palang tayo, binigyan tayo ng premyo ng mga magulang natin pag gumawa tayo ng tama at pinaparusahan tayo kapag hindi. Ang ikalawang storya ay tungkol naman sa isang grupo ng mga bilanggo na nakakulong sa yungib. Nung unang beses nilang makakita ng maliit na sinag ng ilaw ay nasilaw sila at nasaktan ang kanilang mga mata. Ngunit papaano kaya kung makita nila ang sinag ng araw sa labas ng yungib? Sila ay masisilaw lalo pero sa tagal ay mamamangha dahil nakikita nila ang kagandahan na nasa labas; ang mga bulaklak, puno at langit. Ginamit ni Plato ang ilaw bilang isang metapora sa katotohanan. Ang taong gustong makita ang katotohanan ay makikita rin ang ganda nito. Kung gayon, ang taong marunong tumingin sa katotohanan ay makikita lamang ang kagandahan ng nito kaya hindi siya gagawa ng di-makatarungang bagay. Paminsan kasi, tayong mga tao, hindi natin tinitignan ang maaaring maging epekto ng ating mga ginagawa kaya tayo gumagawa ng hindi magandang bagay. Kung bibigyan natin ng oras para makita ang nakakasilaw at masakit na katotohanan, kahit gaano pa kasakit yan, ang kagandahan nito ang ating tatanawin na premyo sa buong buhay natin. By: CHENG, Jianne Mariel ELE A1-1 1COM2
Kakaiba ang mga references na aking nakikita sa mga sumusunod na istorya nina Glaucon at Plato, kung saan talagang mapapaisip ang isang indibidwal sa katotohanan ng pagiging makatarungan at sa ating mga indibidwal na dahilan sa pag-sasagawa ng kabutihan. Ngunit bilang isang taong namumuhay araw-araw sa nagbabagong mundong ito, marahil ay pabago-bago rin ang maaari nating kapitan na mga depinisyon ng katarungan at mga kadahilanan sa pag-gawa ng katiwarian. Nang sa ganoon ay napapaisip ako, sa kanilang dalawa, meron bang mas matimbang ang paniniwala? Kung totoong may natural na kaiitiman sa mga aksyon ng sangkatauhan, ngunit sa pag-argumento ni Plato ay sinasabi niyang ito lamang ay ang pagkalimot sa sariling kabutihan, alin nga ba sa mga ito ang dapat paniwalaan? Para saakin ay mas importanteng ating alamin muna ang ating mga sarili, alamin natin ang uri ng ating pagkatao at alamin natin kung ano ba ang mga bagay na mas nananaig sa ating mga puso. Di man tayo mga perpekto, ngunit tayong lahat ay dapat layuning makaalis sa yungib ng kamangmangan sapagkat ang ilaw ng katotohanan ang magdadala saatin sa kabutihan. Na kung nasa responsibilidad ng bawat tao ang pagiging bukal ng katotohanan, nararapat lamang na tayo'y magmasid at magpatuloy sa pag-alam upang ang tunay na katarungan ay maintindihan. MARTINEZ, JEGO PAULO C. ELEA13-1-PPCT 1ECO1
Pagbati sa ngalan ni Santo Tomas Aquinas! Sa videong ito nakita kung gaano kagaling at kalalim mag-isip si Plato. Ipinakita rin ang galing niya sa pagsusulat dahil gumagamit siya ng mga karakter na nagkukwento, si Sokrates at ginagamit niya si Sokrates upang ipakita ang kaniyang pananaw. Mahusay rin siya nang ipasok niya ang pananaw ng ibang tao sa pamamagitan ng karakter ni Glaucon. Himahamon niya rin ang mga mambabasa na gamitin ang kanilang mga isip upang maunawaan ang mensahe ng kaniyang mga kwento. Umpisahan natin sa Ang Singsing ni Gyges (book 2). Ipinakita ni Plato na si Gyges ay sinamantala ang kapangyarihan ng singsing at ginamit ito sa kasamaan. Ginamit niya si Glaucon upang ipakita na ang tao ay napipilitan lang na maging makatarungan dahil mayroong mga batas at ayaw na maparusahan. Kung minsan nga naman ay mas nanaig ang hindi makatarungan na gawain o mas nagiging matagumpay ang mga taong di-makatarungan kaysa makatarungan gaya ng nangyari kay Socrates. Si Socrates ay makatarungan ngunit mapait ang naging katapusan niya. Habang binabasa ko ito ay napaniwala ako sandali ni Glaucon dahil naunawaan ko ang punto niya, ngunit ang tama ay si Socrates o ang ideya ni Plato. Ang tao ay para sa tama at nakalinya ang tao sa pagiging makatarungan. Kaya lamang nakagagawa ng kamalian o hindi makatarungang bagay ang tao ay dahil nakakulong ito sa katawan. Kung minsan nga ay nakagagawa ng kamalian ang tao dahil hindi nila alam na mali ang kanilang ginagawa o mali ang batayan ng pagkakakilala sa kung ano ang tama. Sa ikalawang kwento, ang Alegorya ng Yungib (book 7), ipinakita na ang pinaniniwalaan ng mga tao sa yungib ay mali, ito'y anino lamang at inakala nilang totoo na. Kung minsan, ganyan ang mga tao. Akala nila na ang kanilang pinaniniwalaan ay iyon na ang totoo, ngunit mayroon pang mas malalim na kaalam ukol sa bagay na iyon. Ipinakita rin na mayroong taong nakalabas sa yungib. Nasilaw siya sa liwanag, ngunit unti-unti rin siyang nasanay at naunawaan na mali ang kanilang paniniwala sa yungib. Bumalik siya sa yungib upang magsilbing liwanag sana sa dilim, para maliwanagan ang mga kasamahan na mali ang kanilang paniniwala ngunit siya pinaniniwalaan nito. Ipinapakita na mahirap kumbinsihin ang mga taong ayaw maniwala o sarado ang isipan. Gayunpaman, ang kaalaman sa katotohanan ay isang responsibilidad na kailangang sabihin o ipaalam sa iba. Solis, Jamaica T. A3-1 1JRN2
In Book 2, it showed how there is a challenge in distinguishing between the just and the unjust, as it often seems that the unjust are favored while the just are overlooked. So, how do we truly separate the two? According to the text, the unjust are described to thrive through their manipulation of appearances, using their wealth, power, and social connections to maintain an image of goodness. Meanwhile, the just (men) are described as "simple at maginoo", and are sometimes burdened with hardship and false accusations. Let the unjust be placed in favorable conditions, where their wickedness can hide behind the illusion of virtue. Their cunning and bravery will allow them to flourish in these settings, making it difficult for others to see their true nature. According to the text, the unjust are described to thrive through their manipulation of appearances, using their wealth, power, and social connections to maintain an image of goodness. On the other hand, put the just man in unfavorable conditions, devoid of privilege and marked by the appearance of wickedness. In this way, his dedication to justice will be tested and intensified. While he may be wrongfully judged by those around him, his inner virtue will stand firm, proving that true justice lies in resilience and unwavering principle, even in the face of adversity. The text described the just (men) with two words: "simple at maginoo". Thus, through this contrast, we can finally see the difference: the unjust rely on deception and external rewards, while the just remain steadfast, even when the world turns against them. Meanwhile, in Book 7, it made me realize how people commonly live in ignorance. When a prisoner is freed and exposed to the outside world, he initially struggles with confusion and pain as his eyes adjust to the light, symbolizing the difficulty of gaining true knowledge. However, as he becomes accustomed to the brightness, he realizes that the shadows were mere illusions and that a richer, more complete reality exists beyond them. This allegory emphasizes that education is not simply about transferring facts but about guiding individuals to perceive and understand the deeper truths. It highlights the challenge of overcoming entrenched ignorance and embracing new perspectives, even when it involves discomfort and resistance from others. In essence, the journey out of the cave represents the pursuit of genuine knowledge and the courage to face and accept truths beyond our familiar illusions. - Isla Mikaela Ang of ELE-A2-1
Plato's Politeia offers profound insights into justice, morality, and the pursuit of self-knowledge that are still relevant today. The allegory of the cave stands out to me as a powerful metaphor for how people often live in ignorance, mistaking shadows for reality. This reflects how many today are trapped by misinformation or the influence of media and societal expectations, failing to see the deeper truths that lie beyond superficial appearances. The story of the Ring of Gyges challenges us to consider our integrity and moral character-would we still do what is right if no one could see or judge us? For me, this idea highlights the importance of personal integrity, where justice is not about external validation but about staying true to one’s principles even when unobserved.
Plato's emphasis on self-knowledge, as captured in Socrates’ famous phrase "Know thyself," resonates deeply with me. It serves as a reminder that real growth and virtue come from within. Reflecting on our actions, desires, and motivations is essential to living a meaningful and just life. His Politeia pushes me to reflect more deeply on my values, question the world around me, and strive for both personal and societal improvement.
The symbolism of the "Singsing ni Gyges" showed that this issue still happens in our society. It focuses on the power of an individual, that has the capacity to abuse the power that they have especially those who have a position. The ability to do the wrong doing with the knowledge that they trust the security and also without thinking about the consequences and the people who will be involved in the consequence. Power comes with great strength and corruption as well.
Plato's Allegory of the Cave is a powerful metaphor for how people can be trapped in ignorance and how education helps us see the truth. It's a reminder that learning and growth are about opening our minds. Though Plato describes an ideal society, he knows it's tough to achieve in real life. His work still sparks debates on whether such a perfect society is possible or if it's more about striving to improve what we have. Plato was critical of democracy because he worried it could lead to poor leadership if people chose leaders based on popularity rather than wisdom. This critique remains relevant as we reflect on the strengths and challenges of democratic systems today.
SOYANGCO, Jose Gabriel R.
ELE PPCT A2-1
Plato’s Ring of Gyges and Allegory of the Cave provides us with the knowledge and guideline as to why we should be just, its importance and effect to ourselves and those surrounding us and how we can be just. Plato emphasized that the essence of being a human is by following the innate goodness and just within our psyche, and through reflection and socratic dialogue we can remember this inner goodness and just within us. Additionally, through reflection and by knowing ourselves we can build our own understanding and perspective of the world around us, so that we won’t easily fall to whatever status quo there is, and that it is your moral responsibility to help others to be enlightened and remember their innate goodness and being just. All in all, being good and just is innate to our human psyche and part of that innateness is the responsibility to remind others of their innate goodness and just as well.
TARRANCO, Zion Enrique Gabriel
ELE PPCT A2-1
Ang bawat isa sa lipunan ay may kanya-kanyang tungkulin, at ang hustisya ay nagmumula sa pagtupad ng bawat tao sa kanyang likas na papel.
Bilang isang estudyante sa kasalukuyang panahon, ang "Politeia" ay maaaring magbigay inspirasyon sa iyo na pag-isipan ang iyong papel sa lipunan. Sa mundo ngayon, kung saan maraming isyu tulad ng maling impormasyon, korapsyon, at pagkakawatak-watak, maaaring ipaalala ng akda ni Plato ang halaga ng edukasyon, kaalaman, at etika. Ang pagiging isang responsableng mamamayan ay hindi lamang tungkol sa pagsunod sa mga batas, kundi tungkol din sa aktibong paghubog ng iyong sarili bilang isang makabuluhang miyembro ng lipunan na may pagpapahalaga sa katotohanan at katarungan.
Sa iyong pag-aaral, maaari mong isaalang-alang ang halaga ng kritikal na pag-iisip at integridad sa harap ng mga isyung kinakaharap ng iyong henerasyon. Tulad ng mga philosopher-kings ni Plato, ikaw ay tinatawag na maging isang lider na nagpapahalaga sa karunungan at kabutihan.
BOBIS, Leighannah Gwyn M.
ELE PPCT A2-1
Sa aking pananaw, ang Politeia ni Plato ay nagbibigay ng napakahalagang leksyon para sa ating mga kabataan. Ang pagtuon sa kritikal na pag-iisip at malalim na edukasyon. Pinapakita na ito ay mahalaga talaga. Kapag natutunan natin ang mga prinsipyo ng katarungan at kabutihan, hindi lang tayo nagiging mas matalino, kundi natutulungan din tayong lumikha ng isang mas makatarungan at epektibong lipunan. Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasanay sa pagsusuri at pag-unawa sa mga pangunahing ideya, nagiging handa tayo sa pagharap sa mga hamon sa hinaharap at mag-ambag ng positibo sa ating komunidad.
Isa sa aking natutunan mula kay Plato ay ang direksyon ng katotohanan. Talagang tumatak sa akin ang maging “liwanag sa dilim” sapagkat nabibigyan tayo ng pagkakataon na maibahagi ang ating mga bagong kaalaman sa ating mga kasamahan na hindi tutok sa reyalidad. Dahil dito napapayaman natin ang ating pagkatao.
Lagasi, Henrieta B.
ELE PPCT, E-PC-4
What inspired me is how we must be willing to still descent back through the darkness to be the light of truth for others. I also felt a faith in humaniy again when I learned that people are born good, we only make mistakes on our estimation on what's best. I would also rather be blinded at first from the truth to be used of the actual reality I must live in, thus go through Anamnesis and respect how I've used to be human at first: through my genuine soul. I'd prefer to see that as a happier or luckier result in my life rather than staying in an artificial delusion.
Ma. Laurice F. Muyot ELE-A13-1
As I read Plato’s Politeia, the first book mentioned “Ang Singsing ni Gyges” talks about a ring having the power of invisibility whoever wears it. With this power, this makes humans have more freedom with doing whatever they want without having to serve their consequences from their actions. The story itself implies the concept of humans testing their moral consciences of their actions. With humans having the ability to think, they are capable of knowing what is right and wrong. The main teaching of the story highlights the essence of living goodness without respecting something in return and respecting others as a way of recognizing human dignity and human rights.
Meanwhile, the story of the “Ang Yungib” focuses on the people being imprisoned and stuck in their places as they view shadows and manipulated images by the people at the back of the prisoners. They were also compared to the people who were free and escaped the dark nature of the cave which were labeled as the enlightened and awakened. The main point of this book highlights the art of deinfluencing or deviating ourselves from the destructive societal concepts that society has taught us. This can be also connected from being more socially aware and conscious of the media we consume, especially learning to analyze fake news in social media. Plato mentioned that to escape the cave and lead ourselves to the path of light which is a metaphor for truth needs that we can only free ourselves from the darkness of the cave by being more conscious of the societal structures that can negatively affect us - this may not be an easy journey, especially unlearning and being more aware and accepting of the reality we live in. As we learn to accept this, we are slowly stepping to the truth embodying our conscious and critical mind fighting and eradicating deceiving lives. Plato also emphasized that truth is within us that can be more active through self-reflection and heightens moral responsibility by acting accordingly and morally. Lastly, I connect this to the quote of former senator John “Pepe” Diokno “The answer lies in what life means to you” - the quote means that life depends on one’s life principles and perspectives. Lastly, this reminds us that we should do our best to live with goodwill and pure intentions no matter how people treat us as long as we do not hurt and deceive people for our own advantage.
What captured my attention the most is the phrase, “No one chooses to do evil knowingly.” We all have our own understanding of what is good and what is evil, but doing unjust and morally evil things does not simply justify our reason. Yes, we can say that we have our perspective of what is good, or rather, what benefits us the most. If you to put in an ethical perspective, would you report the man who stole food and money just so he can provide for his family? One may say that stealing is bad but another would simply say that the purpose of the man’s action is somehow right.
FERNANDEZ, Soberien Kate F.
ELE PPCT A3-1 | 1JRN1
As a college student, trying to navigate life and figure out my own path, the story "Ring of Gyges" hits home in ways I didn’t expect. It made me realize how much of my actions, and even my sense of right and wrong, are shaped by external pressures-grades, expectations, social media, and the opinions of others. We often do the "right" thing because we're afraid of judgment or failure, not because we truly believe in what we’re doing.
The story made me question: if no one were watching, would I still be the same person? Would I still make the same choices? The idea that people often only act justly to avoid consequences really struck me. It’s easy to follow the rules when you know someone’s watching, but real integrity is about doing the right thing even when no one is looking.
I realized that true justice and goodness shouldn’t be something we perform for others or out of fear of punishment. Instead, it should come from a deeper place within us-a genuine desire to be a good person because we understand its value. It’s not about impressing others or keeping up appearances; it’s about living in a way that aligns with who we truly want to be.
As I grow older, I’m learning that life isn’t just about pleasing others or following rules for the sake of it. And this lesson is just a testament of this certain philosophy. It’s about finding that inner compass, that personal sense of morality, and living according to it, even when it’s hard, and even when no one is watching. This collection of stories; Ring of Gyges and Allergory of the Cave reminded me that real happiness comes from living authentically and staying true to our values, not from chasing approval or avoiding consequences.
FRANCISCO, ANTONIO A.
ELE A2-1 (1COM4)
As per the discussion, Plato's story about the Ring of Gyges illustrates the temptation of 'complete freedom' where social and moral constraints are nonexistent. Since gaining consciousness, humans have long been subjected to what constitutes 'right or wrong,' 'moral or immoral,' and 'legal and illegal.' Some people get drunk on their concept of 'freedom' and lose sight of what truly matters. That is why it is essential to determine our purpose and how we want to live. By doing this, we can identify why we must live a certain way and choose to live that way. Because, like Ferriols once said, "Ang Pilosopiya ay Ginagawa," it is akin to assimilating our beliefs in our lives. Through that, we can achieve freedom that does not defy morality.
There is a saying, "Ignorance is bliss," but is it? Plato's Allegory of the Cave showed how the prisoners inside the cave refused to believe something different from what they were programmed to think all their lives. They cannot fathom something beyond their misconstrued version of reality simply because they don't have the means to. We cannot blame their ignorance and naivety since it is understandable. That is why the escapee is responsible for being the harbinger of light. It is neither easy nor pleasant, but it is necessary.
Dalawang makabuluhang istorya na galing kay Plato ang pinakita sa atin sa video na ito. Ito ay puno ng aral pag isinabuhay at inintindi natin mabuti. Ang mga aral na mapupulot dito ay maari parin natin magamit sa kasalukuyang panahon. “Timeless” kung sabihin natin sa ingles.
“Walang tao ang gumagawa ng makatarungan ng kusang loob” isang napakagandang statement na nabanggit sa video. Ginagawa natin ang tama dahil takot tayo sa kakalabasan kapag alinsunod sa tama ang ginawa natin. Takot tayo maparusahan ng batas, kaya pinipili nalang din natin na gawin ang tama at ito naman ay nagdudulot ng maganda sa ating lipunan.
Kung ako man ay bibigyan ng “total freedom” sigurado ako na matutukso ako gumawa ng mga bagay na ‘di makatarungan. Kaya importante na nakikita tayo dahil sa pamamagitan nito mapipilitan tayo gumawa ng mabuti at mapapanatili natin na maganda nag reputasyon natin.
Kailangan natin maging mapanuri sa mga bagay na tingin natin ay tama. Dito tayo nagkakaiba iba, sariling pananaw natin sa kung ano nga ba ang tama. Magiingat tayo sa pagsuri dahil maaring dalhin tayo nito sa kasamaan.
Ang pagninilay sa ating sarili ay isang mahalagang bahagi upang makita at makamit natin ang katotohanan. Hindi lamang tayo magbabase sa ating nakikita kung ano ang tama, kaya pinapagamit sa atin ni Plato ang ating isipan upang makaunawa sa halip na makakita lamang. Hindi rin ito isang one way process, kailangan din natin magbalik tanaw sa pinanggalingan natin upang maging isang liwanag tayo sa kadiliman
SANGIL, John Christian A.
ELE PPCT A13-1
The selected stories from the Republic discussed here provided a reflection on the morality of our peers questioned in the Ring of Gyges, and the hurtful truth alluded in the allegory of the Cave.
Like Glaucon, knowing the story about the Ring of Gyges made me question not simply about morality, but of its existence. Does morality still exist and rule the world today? Or does the world continue to be dominated by malice? When we look at some of the things going on today, especially with world leaders, people still continue to question their true intentions and their morality.
Additionally, I had also realized another contrast between the concept of the Ring and the situation of today. In the Ring of Gyges, the concept persists that a man is good until being given the chance to sin without being caught. But nowadays, are people still even trying to hide their immorality? Especially when we notice that in recent years, political figures like Rodrigo Duterte for example, appeared unashamed of being foul-mouthed among other controversies. Or must it be because they are already in power at that point? But the point is, despite all of those mentioned, his supporters continue to approve of this side of him due to it being "natural" and continue to support him despite his vices.
Which then brings me to the allegory of the Cave, where the allusion of the close-minded cavemen can still be seen today in the so-called "loyalists" supporting the current President and his family. That despite the truth already being shown to them, they are now already used to the views and perceptions shown to them as the truth, even if it may be otherwise. Such concept can also be likened to Ferriols' other work "Sapagkat ang Pilosopiya ay Ginagawa" in the story "E Kasi Bata" - where the children are already contented with what was taught to them and proceeded along with what they believe they already know everything about.
Another part in this video's analysis of the cave allegory that got to me the most is the explanation that the truth deserves to be known and spread, and that we have the moral responsibility to share what we know. It is only but a "food-for-thought" for myself at this moment. The thought that despite however hurtful the truth can be at first, we are still suggested to take up to our moral responsibility, and let it be known. I, myself, have also dealt with such situation wherein I had known truths about certain people that may not be in their benefit, yet for some reason, continue to hide them. As much as I am willing to be aware about the other people I know, I am also nervous about the implications it can bring against the peers we both share. I know that it may be my obligation, but at the same time, also bothered by its dire consequences. Or what if the things I know are merely just the so-called "chismis", that appear to most as rumors?
RODRIGUEZ, Benjamin Martin C.
ELE A2-1
It is such intriguing to hear about Plato's symbolism towards the truth of what happens to people because it exactly describes of how people react and think about certain situations on life.
Upon my experience and readings regarding philosophical thinking and perspective, I came across a quotation that says "There is no such thing as right or wrong, there is only perspective", with this quotation in mind and hearing the story of Plato about the ring of Gyges, it gave an eye-opening realization and even got me even further deeply curious whether such things truly exists and are done as it is or is it plainly just by how people choose how to see certain behaviors or actions of themselves and others are what deemed to be whether something right or wrong.
if there is no such things as right or wrong, how come people were even able to identify the true right and wrong doings? what could be the most strongest evidence or explanation in which such things originated if such things can only be viewed upon what they see, hear, smell, or feel?
I particularly like the segment where Plato discusses the Allegory of the Cave. I think that part holds great significance, even in society today. The hierarchies we have formed have given the unjust and unworthy power to shape our minds and our perception of reality. They have condemned us to thinking a certain way; a way in which they deceive us with their distorted truths.
This touched me deeply because I have experienced unfair treatment from those in power. Due to my age, I have been shut out and told that I have no place where the adults stand. I’ve been instructed to believe certain things, not because they are true, but because those in authority say so. It’s unfair. I connect with Plato’s story as I, too, feel like I have been chained; forced to perceive the world in a certain way. If I look past their deception, then I am faced with the consequences they will bestow upon me.
I believe that through analyzing this part of Plato’s Politeia, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we, as individuals, need to work together in order to see past their lies and to piece together the bigger picture. Consequently, once we see the truth, we must have the courage to follow and stand up for it; not to gain fame or recognition from society, but to help create a better one, where fairness and truth reign.
CHAVEZ, Juliana Clarisse F.
ELE PPCT A13-1
In the discussion between Glaucon and Socrates, the ring denotes total freedom for Gyges, as he was able to do as he pleases without the fear of punishment or any consequence due to the lack of visibility.
However, this case then compels me to ask the question, "Ano nga ba ang kalayaan?" After much thought and contemplation, I can say that I disagree with the conception mentioned above of freedom, for I stand by the belief that freedom is not a state of being where responsibilities are abandoned and hedonistic desires are followed. Rather, it is a condition by which one possesses the autonomy to decide and act based on reason, which is one of the guiding factors of morality, holding oneself accountable and responsible for whatever outcome it entails.
Because, like Dan Brown said, "Nothing is hidden that will not be made known; nothing is secret that will not come to light." Hindi man iyan agad-agad, hindi man iyan ngayon, pero malalantad din ang lahat ng nakatago. So, if the ring does not promise eternal anonymity, particularly in the actions done by the individual using it, does a person have total freedom with it?
Kaya kung masasabi lamang na malaya si Gyges dahil sa pagkakakubli na binibigay ng singsing, ibig sabihin ba nito na hindi siya malaya kapag wala ito? At habang nariyan ang singsing sa buhay niya, anong halaga nito sa buhay niya at hanggang kalian ito magiging kalugod-lugod sa kaniya?
Ultimately, I assert the adage: "The truth will set you free." To be free is to live by and with the truth, and the truth is right and good.
By:
Lapig, Tessa Gia S.
PPCT (ELE A3-1)
1JRN1
Ang dalawang kwentong na-iulat ni Plato ay nagpapatunay kung paano ba kumilos ang isang tao lalo’t naipakita rin dito kung paano sila gumawa ng desisyon patungo sa kanilang karanasan. Ang singsing ni Gyges ay halintulad sa moralidad ng isang tao, kung saan sila ay nag-iisip kung makatarungan nga ba ang gagawin ng isang tao. Itulad natin ito sa eskuwelahan kung saan ipinapakita na tayo ay mga mabubuting estudyante subalit kapag lumabas ang isang estudyante sa kaniyang eskuwelahan at sabay pinalitan ang kaniyang uniporme, siya parin ba ang kinikilalang mabuting estudyante? Maaaring ang isa ay mahilig sa bisyo at gumagawa ng mga hindi makatarungan. Ang tao ay dapat marunong magdalawang isip upang matanaw ang kanilang aksyon, kung ito ba ay ikabubuti o ikasasama ng isa.
Ang yungib, ay sumisimbolo naman sa kung paano tumingin sa nakaraan ang isang tao, na ang tao ay dapat marunong ring lumabas at gumalaw mula sa kanilang anino. Bilang mga tao nagpapakita ito na dapat hindi tayo nawawalan ng pag-asa dahil sa sa kabilang panig ay laging may liwanag. Tulad ng pag-danas ng kamalian ng isa. Kapag tayo ay nagkakamali, pinipili na lamang nating tumira at sa mga pagkakamaling iyon, at hindi na tumitingin sa mga posibleng solusyon. Kaya nga may kasabihan na “trial and error” dahil kapag ang tao ay nagkakamali sila ay natututong tumitingin sa kanilang anino at ginagawan ng paraan upang makamit ang tama o kaya ang liwanag, dahil ang tao ay umuusbong at hindi kinukulong ang sarili sa kadiliman.
Sa dalawang kwentong ito, makikita na ang tao ay kritikal, sadyang may mga pagkakataong hindi ito nagagamit ng wasto at hinahayaan na lamang natin. Ngunit ang tao ay marunong rin humarap sa mga pagbabagong naihaharap sakanila, basta’t patuloy lang ang pagiging makulit at mapanuri ng isang tao.
CAMACHO, Anjhanel S.
ELE A1-1 | 1COM2
Ang tumatak sa isip ko base sa video na ito ay ang linya ni Socrates kung saan, “Ang problema ay ang maling estimasyon sa mabuti.”
Ang mga tao ay madalas na nahaharap sa mga sitwasyon kung saan kinakailangan nilang pumili sa pagitan ng mabuti at masama. Ang isa sa mga pangunahing hadlang sa paggawa ng tamang desisyon ay ang maling pag-unawa sa tunay na kalikasan ng mabuti na maaaring magdulot sa pag-pili ng mga aksyon na sa kalaunan ay nagiging sanhi ng mas maraming pinsala kaysa sa kabutihan. Ayon kay Socrates, ang lahat ng masamang gawain ay dulot ng kamangmangan. Hindi ito nangangahulugang ang mga tao ay ignorante sa lahat ng aspeto, ngunit sa halip, ang kanilang kakayahan na gumawa ng mga tamang desisyon ay naiimpluwensyahan ng kanilang kakulangan ng tunay na kaalaman sa epekto ng kanilang mga aksyon. Halimbawa, ang isang tao na naniniwala na ang pagnanakaw ng maliit na bagay mula sa isang mayaman ay hindi masyadong mali, ay maaaring hindi makita ang mas malalim na epekto nito sa kanyang moral na integridad at sa epekto sa relasyon niya sa iba.
Tulad ng kakulangan sa kaalaman, ito ay nagbibigay liwanag sa kung bakit tayo minsang naliligaw ng landas sa paghusga sa mabuti. Ito ay tumatagos hindi lamang sa antas ng indibidwal, kundi pati na rin sa mas malawak na konteksto ng lipunan, na nagiging sanhi ng mga sistematikong problema at hindi pagkakapantay-pantay.
Paano natin masosolusyunan ito? Upang mapabuti ang ating kakayahan na mag-estima ng mabuti, kailangan natin ang masusing edukasyon sa moralidad at etika, pati na rin ang pagbuo ng kritikal na pag-iisip. Ang wastong edukasyon lamang ang makapagbibigay ng solidong pundasyon para sa pag-unawa sa mga prinsipyo ng kabutihan, habang ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay tutulong sa atin na suriin ang mga desisyon hindi lamang mula sa pansamantalang pananaw kundi mula sa pangmatagalang epekto nito.
Ngunit, paano natin masisiguro na ang ating mga desisyon at pananaw ay tumutukoy sa tunay na kabutihan?
JULIAN, Yvonnah Michaella A.
ELE PPCT A13-1
Although I have only read two chapters of the text "Plato's Politeia", it cannot be denied that it is a wonderful book that is a collection of lessons and realizations. The ring of Gyges makes me think that if there really is a ring like that in the world, it will probably be a disaster. Why? I can say that I am a kind and good person, but when I thought about whether there really was such a ring and it ended up in my possession, I couldn't deny that what I was thinking was wrong too. Apparently it can also be considered a free pass. With this idea of Plato, I asked myself if there is a naturally good person who even if he is alone, will he/she still does good even if no one sees? Because if there is a chance that we all have Gyges' ring, I'll bet that it will be used in a negative way. So in the real world, do we really want to do good? Or do we just not want to be judged as bad?
The cave in the text represents our world and other people. Plato's use of objects and symbols is excellent, it reflects our reality. It's sad to say, but there are many people who only look at their shadows. Behind these shadows are the people who can shape or break a person. A world without light, is a world without reality. Others chain themselves and lock their thoughts in a cave. Where the person only looks at the shadow he himself created. Beliefs that he knows are wrong but choose to stand by. In our world, if there is a chance that there is light in our lives, even if it hurts our eyes, we will also learn to adjust. Because if its hurting our eye, it means that it is real. We're leaving in reality.
TAGUIAM, Gillian Gale T.
1 JRN 3, ELE A3-1
"Walang taong makatarungan dahil sa sarili nito". Karamihan daw sa mga taong mas pinipili ang "katarungan" ay ginagawa ito ng may pagtitiis. Ginagawa nila ito para sa magandang imahe sa publiko. Minsan, ginagawa lang ng mga tao yung pagsunod sa katarungan kasi takot silang makulong o mapunish. May mga batas kasi tayo at takot ang mga tao sa magiging consequence kung lumabag sila dito. Bali hindi naten ginagawa yung mga bagay na makatarungan for itself, rather we do it for the sake of its consequence. Walang makatarungang tao na kusang loob.
KAITLYN RYANNE RAZON CALIMBAS
1E4, ELE PPCT, E-PC-4
BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Based on what I have read and watched from the materials provided, I have gained some knowledge and have some insights to share regarding the twi story.
First, is the “Ring of the Gyges,” It made me ask questions too such as: Are we following the rules because we want to or because it is the law? and, Do we really do things that are morally and socially acceptable because we want to and not because we have consequences to face if we don’t follow them? The story talked about the abuse of power because the man did not have consequences to meet, he was given the power of invisibility and along that comes the freedom of being able to do whatever he wanted to, without being criticized if it’s not righteous. Also, it made me reflect on myself. Had I been the one given that power, can I proudly say that I would use it for a greater cause and not use it other than that? I probably would have given in to temptations as well. I would get the things that I’ve always wanted, go to places, and probably just grab anything that I feel like having. This is also connected to the following story.
For the second story, I think that it is meant to show that our beliefs and perceptions are based on what we see and the environment that we grew up in. We think that the truth is what we have always known to be the truth, the things we are already familiar with, and even the system that surrounds us. Just like the story, he discovered the truth once he got out of the cave because he was finally able to see things in a different light, he was able to go outside and discover the world for himself. I think that it also showed how going outside of what we’ve always been comfortable with is not as easy as we say it is-it takes a lot of time to adjust and learn about the truth. To sump up, I learned that it is best to share our knowledge or what we have learned among our peers. To help others who are finding it hard to get out from the cave and break free from the systematic beliefs that they grew up in.
SEGALLE, Jhuliana Audrey P. (1COM4)
ELE-A2-1 PPCT
Habang pinakikinggan ko yung video sa part nung “Alegorya ng Yungib” ni Plato, naisip ko ang kasabihang, “The truth will set you free.” Eh, ano bang silbi ng pagsasabi ng katotohanan kung ikaw mismo ay pagiinitan, o kaya’y patayin dahil sa ginawa mong pagsabi ng katotohanan? Hindi ba pwede na hayaan na lang natin ang bawat isa sa kani-kanilang paniniwala? Ano bang makukuha natin diyan? “Ignorance is bliss,” ika nga nila ‘di ba?
Pero, nung mas nilaanan ko ng pag-iisip, ipinapakita ni Plato sa “Alegorya ng Yungib” na kapag ang tao ay namulat sa katotohanan, may obligasyon ang taong iyon na “bumalik sa yungib” at ibahagi ang kanyang natutunan sa iba, kahit na pang ito ay mangagahulugan ng paglalagay ng sarili niyang buhay sa panganib. Ang mga taong nananatili sa dilim, mga nakakulong pa rin sa kanilang maling paniniwala, kadalasan, sila pa mismo ang nagagalit o tinatanggihan ang katotohanan kapag iniharap ito sa kanila.
Doon naman sa “Ring of Gyges,” ibinanggit ni Glaucon na ang mga tao ay kumikilos ng makatarungan hindi dahil likas silang mabuti, kundi dahil natatakot sila sa mga posibleng parusa sa pagiging masama. Ngunit, kapag ang mga tao ay nakatitiyak na hindi sila mahuhuli, tulad ng isang taong may singsing ni Gyges, sila’y hindi gagawa ng mga hindi makatarungang bagay dahil hindi sila takot sa mga magiging kahihinatnan ng kasamaan.
Ang punto ko rito ay, mula sa dalawang istorya ni Plato, nagpapakita sila ng dalawang bagay: ang kahirapan sa pagpapahayag ng katotohanan at ang tunay na kalikasan ng isang tao pagdating sa pagiging makatarungan. Sa “Alegorya ng Yungib,” ipinapakita ang hirap ng pagdaloy ng katotohanan, na kahit na ito’y nagbibigay kalayaan, ang mga tao ay mas pipiliing manatili sa kasinungalingan. Sa “Ring of Gyges,” ipinapakita naman ang “temptation” na sumiping sa kasamaan kapag wala nang banta ng parusa. Napagtanto ko na ang parehong kwento ay nagsusuri sa kung ano talaga ang gumagabay sa mga aksyon ng tao-takot sa parusa, o tunay na pagmamahal sa katarungan at katotohanan.
Siguro ang layunin ni Plato mula sa dalawang kwento na ito ay mailahad sa atin na ang katotohanan ay hindi talaga madaling tanggapin o kaya ipahayag, lalo na kung ito ay naglalagay sa atin sa peligro. Ngunit, sa kabila ng lahat ng panganib na ating kinakaharap at makakaharap, ang pagkilala at pagkilos ayon sa katotohanan ay ang tunay na susi sa kalayaan. Katulad nga ng sinabi ko sa simula, "The truth will set you free"-hindi lang sa pagkakaalam ng katotohanan, kundi sa pagkilos ayon dito, kahit gaano pa kahirap o delikado. Sa huli, ang totoong kalayaan ay makakamit lamang kapag tayo’y natutong magsalita at kumilos nang may katarungan at katotohanan.
ROSARIO, Karol Czarls R.
ELE PPCT A13-1 | 1ECO1
Sa Lecture, binanggit na naniwala si Glaucon na walang taong makatarungan dahil sa sarili nito. Sumasang-ayon ako rito sapagkat ano nga ba ang nagpipigil sa ating gumawa ng hindi makatarungan? Hindi ba ay ang mga batas na ginawa para mapigilan ito? Pinatunayan niya ang punto niyang ito sa pamamagitan ni Gyges at ang kapangyarihang taglay ng Singsing.
Sa gitna ng discussion ni Sir Emman, tinanong niya ang hindi maiiwasang katanungan, “Kung ikaw si Gyeges, gagamitin mo rin ba ang singsing sa di makatarungang gawain?”
Kung sasagutin ko ito nang may pagtatapat at kung napunta ako sa parehong sitwasyon ni Gyges, matutukso ako na gamitin ito sa aking sariling pabor dahil wala namang nakakakita. Ngunit kung tutuusin, pinalaki naman tayo upang gumawa ng mabuti alinsunod sa ating mga magulang, batas, at iba pa. Ngunit pinapatunayan nito ang punto ni Glaucon na walang taong makatarungan dahil sa sarili nito.
Sa pangalawang kwento naman, nangibabaw ang katwiran tungkol sa prinsipyo at paninindigan sa buhay. Noong binabasa ko ang teksto ang una kong nakuhang pagpapahalaga dito ay ang pagkakaroon ng bukas na isip para sa lahat ng bagay. Ngunit ng mapanood ko ang supplementary video, naliwanagan ako sa kung ano ang sinasalamin ng kwentong “Ang Yungib”. Ipinapakita rito ang pagpili kung ano ang makakabuti sa iba hindi lamang sa sarili. Kung ating ikukulong ang ating sarili sa isang pananaw sa buhay, hindi tayo uunlad. Nguni
Sa huling bahagi ng video, ipinakita ni Sir Emman ang opinyon ni Pepe Diokno ukol sa tanong na “Why be honest, when it pays to become dishonest? Why fight for others when they won’t fight for you? - or even for themselves?” Sinabi niya na ang sagot ay nakasalalay sa kung ano ang kahulugan ng buhay para sa iyo. Nakadepende ito sa kung ano ang kalogayahan para sa’yo; ito ba ay kayamanan? Kasikatan? Kapangyarihan? - kung gayon, hindi mo na kailangan ang prinsipyo. Ngunit kung ang kaligayahan mo naman ay nasusukat sa respeto sa sarili at sa iba, ang layon mo na ngayon ay magpakatotoo sa sarili at sa Diyos.
Recitation (1 COM4 - Rozaldo, Khaylie G.)
Ano nga ba ang katotohanan? Sa storyang “Aligorya ng Unib” ipinapahatid sa atin na ang katotohanan ang nagbabago, nakadepende ito sa kung paano natin ito titignan o sa kung paano ito ipapakita sa atin. Ipinapakita dito ang kahalagahan ng pagiging bukas sa panibagong perpective, dahil hindi lahat ng iyong pinaniniwalaang tunay o totoo ay tunay na totoo.
May mga pagkakataon sa ating buhay kung saan, tayo ay nagugulat sapagkat natutuklasan natin na, malayo katotohanan sa kung anong pinaniniwalaan natin tulad ng example ni Mr. De Leon na kapag iyong napagtanto na niloloko ka ng iyong kasinatahan, tama nga na sa una tayo ay masasaktan sapagkat hindi iyun ang alam nating totoo , ngunit kung tatatanggapin natin ito,tayo ay may matutunan.
Sa istoryang ito makikita ang kahalagahan ng pagiging bukas sa panibangong kaalaman.
"Politeia ni Plato" was one reading that had 2 main stories that it focused on, which is in the end actually intertwined with each other.
First was the story of the ring, the Ring of Gyges which for me was like the Ring of Power in the Lord of the Rings, wherein Bilbo was able to be invisible once it was worn. To be honest, it’s not the same but the two rings are similar in the sense it makes you invisible, letting you do whatever you want. How is it different? You may ask. In the reading the Ring of Gyges symbolizes absolute freedom in the pursuit of doing anything you want without facing the consequences that lie ahead. The Ring of Power on the other hand though it does make you invisible, letting you escape many situations, wearing it can lead the “bad” individuals to you-which in relation to the Ring of Gyges, it lets you near the “immoral” -and can make you go mad, just like what it did to Gollum. The difference is that the Ring of Gyges doesn’t let you think of the consequences compared to the Ring of Power which was known and notorious to have consequences when worn, in the end the Ring of Gyges was still used and the Ring of Power was destroyed.
I love thinking about these two rings after reading “The Singsing” part of the reading as it actually showed or deepened my understanding about the concept of freedom-absolute freedom. It made me question myself, just like what the supplementary video is asking, are we doing things just because we’re scared of the consequences or we just want to do things because we’re genuine? Although I really do understand the part of “we do things because there are consequences” but I rather believe that I do things because I want to do good, not because I want to be a “pick me” but for me to get what I want or do what I want, I have to work hard for it. I want to work hard for it so that I can say that I truly deserve that thing, status, position, wealth, etc.
Second was the Allegory of the Cave, the “yungib,” my understanding of this part of the lecture and reading was technically simple. Go outside of the box, or in this case, the cave. We have to break free from the chains, the societal norms that are engraved to us from the start. But actually, it’s harder than it sounds, because doing something you aren’t used to is a continuous internal battle, not just external. So with that, I learned to take baby steps, criticize one thing at a time, understand one thing at a time because overwhelming yourself at the start will quickly lead you to your downfall. Lastly, I really liked the part wherein the reading and lecture mentioned “going back” into the darkness once you’ve reached enlightenment. With that I believe that one must be someone who teaches, helps others realize, aids others to go out of their box or cave, and cares about others who are having a hard time removing their chains. Because “enlightenment” does not end once you’ve reached enlightenment-your goals.
With that, I conclude that both stories about the Ring and the Cave are intertwined in such a way that with freedom comes the sense of responsibility to find out the truth, breaking free from the norms that society sets.
LAO, Kristienne Lovelle P.
1COM4, ELE PPCT A2-1
Isa sa mga tanong ni Plato dito ay kung ano ba ang kahalagahan ng katarungan? At tunay nga na masasabi na hindi kusang loob ang pagiging makatarungan o pagiging mabuti sapagkat takot ang mga tao sa mga consequences. Katulad nalang kapag ikaw ay lumabag sa batas, maaari kang makulong. Hence, natatakot ang tao sa kung ano mang parusa ang maaari nilang makamit kapag gumawa sila ng di-makatarungan o hindi mabuti. Natalakay din ang "importance of visibility" sapagkat with visibility nakikita ang mga galaw o gawain ng mga tao, ito rin ang dahilan bakit nagiging conscious ang tao sa mga ginagawa nila sapagkat takot silang may makakita sakanila at maaari pa nila itong ikapahamak. Subalit sa paniniwala ni Plato, malalaman natin na ayon sakaniya na ang katarungan ay natural sa tao. Pero ito ay contradicting sa mga nakikita natin, lalo na sa panahon ngayon, na ang kabutihan at katarungan ay para lang sa reputation ng tao or sa ine-expect na reward later on. Ang katarungan na ito na nasa pangalawang aklat ay connected sa pang pitong aklat dahil it was discussed there na ang mga tao ay nasa dilim o anino at kailangan nila ng pag-unawa upang maintindihan ang kabutihan at upang umangat sa liwanag. Kasama dito, may responsibilidad ang tao na ibahagi sa iba ang katotohanan na kanilang nalaman. Matututunan dito na hindi dapat maging selfish ang isang tao sapagkat deserve ng iba malaman ang totoo at hindi kawalan ang maapi basta ikaw ay nasa katotohanan kaysa ikaw ang mang-api sa nasa katotohanan.
MEDINA, ALYANNA MAE S.
1E4, ELE PPCT, E-PC-4
Ang tanong na "Ano nga ba ang kalayaan?" ay isang malalim na pagninilay-nilay na may iba't ibang aspeto at kahulugan. Sa konteksto ng alamat ng singsing ni Gyges, maaaring magbigay tayo ng sagot sa pamamagitan ng pagtingin sa mga ideya ng kalayaan, katarungan, at moralidad.
1. Kalayaan sa Konteksto ng Singsing ni Gyges:
Sa alamat ni Gyges, ang singsing ay nagbibigay sa kanya ng kakayahang maging invisible at, dahil dito, hindi siya matutukso ng mga konsekuensya ng kanyang mga aksyon. Sa ganitong sitwasyon, maaaring masabi na ang kalayaan ni Gyges ay nauugnay sa kakayahang magmaneho ng kanyang mga pagnanasa nang walang takot sa parusa o pagsisi. Ang kanyang kalayaan ay tila nakasalalay sa kanyang kakayahang kumilos nang walang limitasyon o kontrol mula sa iba.
2. Kalayaan na Walang Singsing:
Kung wala ang singsing, ang kalayaan ni Gyges ay limitado ng kanyang pangako sa mga pamantayan ng moralidad at batas. Ang tunay na kalayaan, sa isang mas malalim na antas, ay hindi lamang ang kakayahang gawin ang anumang nais natin nang walang kahihinatnan, kundi ang pagkakaroon ng kapangyarihan na pumili ng mabuti mula sa masama, kahit na may mga kahihinatnan. Sa ganitong paraan, ang kalayaan ay hindi basta-basta ang kakayahang iwasan ang mga paghihigpit, kundi ang kakayahang magsanay ng personal na integridad at moral na pagpipilian.
3. Halaga ng Singsing sa Buhay ni Gyges:
Ang singsing ni Gyges, sa isang bahagi, ay nagbibigay sa kanya ng isang paborableng kondisyon sa buhay-ang kakayahang kumilos nang walang takot sa parusa. Ngunit, habang ang singsing ay maaaring magbigay ng pansamantalang kasiyahan at kapangyarihan, ang halaga nito sa buhay ni Gyges ay maaaring magbago. Kung ang pangunahing layunin niya ay ang magpalakas ng kanyang sariling pagnanasa, ang singsing ay nagiging instrumento na nagpapalakas sa kanyang pagkasawa sa sarili at sa materyal na bagay, hindi tunay na nagbibigay sa kanya ng kasiyahan sa mas malalim na antas.
4. Pagiging Kalugod-lugod ng Singsing:
Ang singsing ay maaaring magbigay ng pansamantalang kasiyahan, ngunit sa pangmatagalang pananaw, maaaring magdulot ito ng moral na pagkasira at kawalan ng tunay na kaligayahan. Kung ang tunay na halaga ng buhay ni Gyges ay nakasalalay sa kanyang kakayahang maging makatarungan at magkaroon ng moral na integridad, ang singsing ay nagiging hadlang sa kanyang pag-abot sa tunay na halaga at kaligayahan. Ang pansamantalang kalugod-lugod na dulot ng singsing ay maaaring maglaho kapag napagtanto ni Gyges ang tunay na halaga ng katarungan at personal na integridad.
Sa kabuuan, ang kalayaan ay hindi lamang ang kakayahang gumawa ng anumang nais nang walang limitasyon kundi ang kakayahang pumili nang tama kahit na may mga paghihigpit o kahihinatnan. Ang singsing ni Gyges, habang nagbibigay sa kanya ng pansamantalang kalayaang walang takot sa parusa, ay maaaring magdulot ng mas malalim na problema sa kanyang personal na moralidad at tunay na kaligayahan.
MENDOZA, Louise Fiel
1COM1 ELE A1-1 PPCT
It's difficult to find a simple explanation of what makes a "just" and an "unjust" person. I personally believe that, as imperfect beings, all humans have qualities that make them both just and unjust. It only depends on the person as to which qualities outweights the other, and how they wish to interact with others accordingly. However, I do believe that people are never born as immoral. I think being immoral and unjust is something that is taught as one grows older. Similar to the insights in this supplementary material, we learn to have unjust thoughts and actions, only to hide them in fear of punishment.
In the last paragraph of Jose Diokno's letter to his son, Chel Diokno, I agree with the sentiment that those who do wrong are convinced that they are doing good, most probably because they know it would be for a good cause or because it would benefit them in the long run. He mentioned an example of a "megalamoniac posing as a messiah" to illustrate his point. Based on that, perhaps we do wrong because we are blinded by self-righteousness, and that we persuade ourselves that there is something to gain after we have done so. We think we are right when in reality, we are in the wrong.
Charlize Ann D. Lavastida (ELE A2-1)
Dalawang storya na galing sa isang mahabang libro ni Plato ang tinalakay sa bidyong ito at may mapupulot kang aral sa dalawang kwento. Dito natin makikita ang kamangha-manghang utak ni Plato at kung paano niya ginagawang karakter ang mga opinyon niya.
Ang unang istorya ay tungkol sa singsing na nakita ni Gyges. Napagtanto ni Gyges na maari siyang maging invisible kapag iniikot niya ang singsing sa kanyang daliri. Nakita natin sa istoryang ito na ginamit ni Gyges ang kanyang kakayahang maging invisible sa pag akit sa asawa ng hari at pinatay pa niya ang hari. Pinagsamantalahan niya ang kakayahang ito sa paggawa ng masamang bagay. Tinatalakay dito na ang mga tao, natural silang makatarungan pero bakit kaya kapag hindi tayo nakikita ng iba, walang ibang pumapasok sa isipan natin kundi gumawa ng di-makatarungan? Para sa akin, natural na makatarungan ang mga tao dahil sa natural nilang ugali na matakot. Lumaki tayong lahat na may nakatingin sa atin at ipinagbabawal ang mga hindi tamang bagay. O kaya naman, kaya tayo gumagawa ng tama ay dahil gusto natin ng premyo. Dahil simula bata palang tayo, binigyan tayo ng premyo ng mga magulang natin pag gumawa tayo ng tama at pinaparusahan tayo kapag hindi.
Ang ikalawang storya ay tungkol naman sa isang grupo ng mga bilanggo na nakakulong sa yungib. Nung unang beses nilang makakita ng maliit na sinag ng ilaw ay nasilaw sila at nasaktan ang kanilang mga mata. Ngunit papaano kaya kung makita nila ang sinag ng araw sa labas ng yungib? Sila ay masisilaw lalo pero sa tagal ay mamamangha dahil nakikita nila ang kagandahan na nasa labas; ang mga bulaklak, puno at langit. Ginamit ni Plato ang ilaw bilang isang metapora sa katotohanan. Ang taong gustong makita ang katotohanan ay makikita rin ang ganda nito.
Kung gayon, ang taong marunong tumingin sa katotohanan ay makikita lamang ang kagandahan ng nito kaya hindi siya gagawa ng di-makatarungang bagay. Paminsan kasi, tayong mga tao, hindi natin tinitignan ang maaaring maging epekto ng ating mga ginagawa kaya tayo gumagawa ng hindi magandang bagay. Kung bibigyan natin ng oras para makita ang nakakasilaw at masakit na katotohanan, kahit gaano pa kasakit yan, ang kagandahan nito ang ating tatanawin na premyo sa buong buhay natin.
By:
CHENG, Jianne Mariel
ELE A1-1
1COM2
Kakaiba ang mga references na aking nakikita sa mga sumusunod na istorya nina Glaucon at Plato, kung saan talagang mapapaisip ang isang indibidwal sa katotohanan ng pagiging makatarungan at sa ating mga indibidwal na dahilan sa pag-sasagawa ng kabutihan.
Ngunit bilang isang taong namumuhay araw-araw sa nagbabagong mundong ito, marahil ay pabago-bago rin ang maaari nating kapitan na mga depinisyon ng katarungan at mga kadahilanan sa pag-gawa ng katiwarian. Nang sa ganoon ay napapaisip ako, sa kanilang dalawa, meron bang mas matimbang ang paniniwala? Kung totoong may natural na kaiitiman sa mga aksyon ng sangkatauhan, ngunit sa pag-argumento ni Plato ay sinasabi niyang ito lamang ay ang pagkalimot sa sariling kabutihan, alin nga ba sa mga ito ang dapat paniwalaan?
Para saakin ay mas importanteng ating alamin muna ang ating mga sarili, alamin natin ang uri ng ating pagkatao at alamin natin kung ano ba ang mga bagay na mas nananaig sa ating mga puso. Di man tayo mga perpekto, ngunit tayong lahat ay dapat layuning makaalis sa yungib ng kamangmangan sapagkat ang ilaw ng katotohanan ang magdadala saatin sa kabutihan. Na kung nasa responsibilidad ng bawat tao ang pagiging bukal ng katotohanan, nararapat lamang na tayo'y magmasid at magpatuloy sa pag-alam upang ang tunay na katarungan ay maintindihan.
MARTINEZ, JEGO PAULO C.
ELEA13-1-PPCT
1ECO1
Pagbati sa ngalan ni Santo Tomas Aquinas!
Sa videong ito nakita kung gaano kagaling at kalalim mag-isip si Plato. Ipinakita rin ang galing niya sa pagsusulat dahil gumagamit siya ng mga karakter na nagkukwento, si Sokrates at ginagamit niya si Sokrates upang ipakita ang kaniyang pananaw. Mahusay rin siya nang ipasok niya ang pananaw ng ibang tao sa pamamagitan ng karakter ni Glaucon. Himahamon niya rin ang mga mambabasa na gamitin ang kanilang mga isip upang maunawaan ang mensahe ng kaniyang mga kwento.
Umpisahan natin sa Ang Singsing ni Gyges (book 2). Ipinakita ni Plato na si Gyges ay sinamantala ang kapangyarihan ng singsing at ginamit ito sa kasamaan. Ginamit niya si Glaucon upang ipakita na ang tao ay napipilitan lang na maging makatarungan dahil mayroong mga batas at ayaw na maparusahan. Kung minsan nga naman ay mas nanaig ang hindi makatarungan na gawain o mas nagiging matagumpay ang mga taong di-makatarungan kaysa makatarungan gaya ng nangyari kay Socrates. Si Socrates ay makatarungan ngunit mapait ang naging katapusan niya. Habang binabasa ko ito ay napaniwala ako sandali ni Glaucon dahil naunawaan ko ang punto niya, ngunit ang tama ay si Socrates o ang ideya ni Plato. Ang tao ay para sa tama at nakalinya ang tao sa pagiging makatarungan. Kaya lamang nakagagawa ng kamalian o hindi makatarungang bagay ang tao ay dahil nakakulong ito sa katawan. Kung minsan nga ay nakagagawa ng kamalian ang tao dahil hindi nila alam na mali ang kanilang ginagawa o mali ang batayan ng pagkakakilala sa kung ano ang tama.
Sa ikalawang kwento, ang Alegorya ng Yungib (book 7), ipinakita na ang pinaniniwalaan ng mga tao sa yungib ay mali, ito'y anino lamang at inakala nilang totoo na. Kung minsan, ganyan ang mga tao. Akala nila na ang kanilang pinaniniwalaan ay iyon na ang totoo, ngunit mayroon pang mas malalim na kaalam ukol sa bagay na iyon. Ipinakita rin na mayroong taong nakalabas sa yungib. Nasilaw siya sa liwanag, ngunit unti-unti rin siyang nasanay at naunawaan na mali ang kanilang paniniwala sa yungib. Bumalik siya sa yungib upang magsilbing liwanag sana sa dilim, para maliwanagan ang mga kasamahan na mali ang kanilang paniniwala ngunit siya pinaniniwalaan nito. Ipinapakita na mahirap kumbinsihin ang mga taong ayaw maniwala o sarado ang isipan. Gayunpaman, ang kaalaman sa katotohanan ay isang responsibilidad na kailangang sabihin o ipaalam sa iba.
Solis, Jamaica T.
A3-1
1JRN2
In Book 2, it showed how there is a challenge in distinguishing between the just and the unjust, as it often seems that the unjust are favored while the just are overlooked. So, how do we truly separate the two?
According to the text, the unjust are described to thrive through their manipulation of appearances, using their wealth, power, and social connections to maintain an image of goodness. Meanwhile, the just (men) are described as "simple at maginoo", and are sometimes burdened with hardship and false accusations.
Let the unjust be placed in favorable conditions, where their wickedness can hide behind the illusion of virtue. Their cunning and bravery will allow them to flourish in these settings, making it difficult for others to see their true nature. According to the text, the unjust are described to thrive through their manipulation of appearances, using their wealth, power, and social connections to maintain an image of goodness. On the other hand, put the just man in unfavorable conditions, devoid of privilege and marked by the appearance of wickedness. In this way, his dedication to justice will be tested and intensified. While he may be wrongfully judged by those around him, his inner virtue will stand firm, proving that true justice lies in resilience and unwavering principle, even in the face of adversity. The text described the just (men) with two words: "simple at maginoo".
Thus, through this contrast, we can finally see the difference: the unjust rely on deception and external rewards, while the just remain steadfast, even when the world turns against them.
Meanwhile, in Book 7, it made me realize how people commonly live in ignorance. When a prisoner is freed and exposed to the outside world, he initially struggles with confusion and pain as his eyes adjust to the light, symbolizing the difficulty of gaining true knowledge. However, as he becomes accustomed to the brightness, he realizes that the shadows were mere illusions and that a richer, more complete reality exists beyond them. This allegory emphasizes that education is not simply about transferring facts but about guiding individuals to perceive and understand the deeper truths. It highlights the challenge of overcoming entrenched ignorance and embracing new perspectives, even when it involves discomfort and resistance from others. In essence, the journey out of the cave represents the pursuit of genuine knowledge and the courage to face and accept truths beyond our familiar illusions.
- Isla Mikaela Ang of ELE-A2-1