Mr. Paul, not sure if there would be a massive following, but I for one would be interested in you having videos that are more in-depth on amplifier topology and how you make and design the different equipment. Just my two cents. I know it would be long, but I think some would find it interesting
I find it fascinating how its AC we need to get power to our homes, but once inside the home chances are its all gonna be DC for the mostpart. Hell of a question to tackle, thats why we watch Paul!
Not supposed to discuss it yet publicly, but the compact speakers clearly visible in the video are prototypes of the next upcoming model in the superb aspen-FR series. Paul shared them here as a bit of an 'Easter Egg', early holiday present to loyal viewers. Here's what we know so far: They're absolutely ruler-flat from 250hz-to-3khz, are self-amplified (but without servo control on the woofers), ported, image like nothing you've ever heard before, and feature a desktop friendly, one-piece enclosure vacuum formed from an advanced composite resin, similar to what Wilson Audio uses. Not much else is known at this point as Paul, Chris Brunhaver and the team are understandably mum on the topic, but widespread availability looks imminent sometime in 2022 with a retail price TBD. Pure speculation on our part though, but guessing less than $25-usd. PS-Audio...keep up the great work! ;)
Townships are an alternative to counties. There was a debate in the days when territories were becoming states whether they should divide everything up into counties, as they eventually did, or just define populated areas as townships. Michigan and some other states now have a municipal entity known as a township, usually in low population areas, that lie within counties. It's a convenient and historic way to segregate an area for government services like drains, fire response, police, building inspection, road maintenance, garbage collection, and of course property taxes, to remove the need to depend on the county for those services. If people in an area think they can do better or cheaper than the county, they'll designate an area within the country as a township. In lieu of a township there are cities. If an area is neither in a city, nor in a township, it is in an "unincorporated" area of a county and is then served only by the county and state governments, which may provide fewer or less complete services. Cities are not in townships. It's one or the other as the two entities have the same legal purpose, to provide local government that eliminates the need for county services and the obligations of county taxes.
Thanks for clearing up that township thing. I'm in Michigan and am very aware of "townships". It's funny that someone uses their township name as their living location. Hmm. Even if you live outside city limits, one is still attached to that city, usually via postal codes. Townships arn't an alternative to counties, but a subdivision within a county. A county can have 4 or 5 townships. But the govt service thing is very true.
@@curtchase3730 I should have written that townships *were proposed* as an alternative to counties, but no US state ever took up the options. However, as you note, townships still exist, now within counties. I'd say the Michigan county that I live in has at least 30 townships, but some people's mailing addresses are indeed just the name of their township, especially when there is no particularly close city. I believe Clinton Township is such an area. Although around me there are many people who's mailing addresses are clearly City X or Y and yet when you ask where they live they'll always say X Township or Y Township, as if they want to make it clear that they wouldn't live in X or Y if you paid them. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
@@txmike1945 true. I think Louisiana is the only state that doesn't have counties. If there is another state that isn't divided into counties, I don't know what it is. Like counties, parishes cover the whole state. There isn't a part of Louisiana that isn't in one parish or another. The idea behind townships was that the state would NOT be completely divided up. Much of a state could be completely unincorporated and townships would be drawn around population centers. Some townships would touch other townships. Other townships would be figurative islands. Some townships could butt up against a city, or even completely surround a city, but unlike a county, cities surrounded by townships would not be part of the township. Townships were meant to cover just where the people are, or at least the largest bulk of them. Counties, and parishes, cover everything. You're either in one or another. There's no way to get out of the counties and just be in the state. If they had adopted townships somewhere in place of counties, or in place of parishes in Louisiana, the structure of rural municipalities would probably be quite different, more like cities, than they are now. I don't know much about parishes, but I bet I'm going to start reading about them now! Christmas vacation reading, here I come.
Since you mentioned it, maybe next talk about input and output impedance. What is it, why do we have it, what does it mean, what values might we encounter and what do we do about them? I'm Zack from Massachusetts, if that helps to answer the question :)
I have several TH-cam videos on the subject already (on this channel) and a few Paul's Posts www.psaudio.com/pauls-posts/getting-%cf%89-right/ for starters.
I wonder if the question was a guy that saw a stiffening cap in an automobile sound system. If so that Cap in in the 12 volt power supply as a reserve for deep excursions associated with a subwoofer.
In tube amps the coupling caps block HIGH voltage DC from the grids of the next tube in the chain.,in the end without them the output transformer will ultimately go up in smoke. You should see zero volts DC at the grids or the caps are garbage.
Well I speak from experience.( Polyester film caps )typo filter out any distortion and makes everything sound clean and clear. 🤗💯💖 UF microfarad caps store energy and release it very quickly. I personally like polyester film caps they make everything sound a little bit cleaner and with a resistor it only allows so much voltage to go to or through the amplifier all three working together on a input you will get a awesome sound. I am self-taught. Works like a filter or crossover💖 clean no distortion or any unwanted noise. When I build a amplifier I like to work on it when it is up and running and then put UF microfarad cap polyester film cap and a resistor on the positive side of the input only and that way I know it sounds crystal clear and clean🤗💯💖.
@colinmitchell7760 yes I know that they filter out. They filter out distortion already know that that's why I said that it makes the amplifier sound clean as well as crystal clear. Aluminum electrolytic electronic capacitors create distortion. Polyester and polypropylene capacitors clean up the distortion but also give you a high frequency sound or a low-frequency sound and that all depends on the value of the capacitor and depending on where you put it such as at the beginning of a differential amplifier input stage. You can also use them on the positive and negative power rails down to ground on a amplifier stage as well as across the positive and negative rails of the input differential amplifier input stage or across a rectifier along with the Aluminum electrolytic electronic capacitors for cleaner +VCC and -VEE DC voltage rails output 🤗 This is just a few ways you can use them polypropylene, polyester and Mica as well as mylar filter capacitors are also used in creating high mid and low frequencies along with variable resistors and resistors and along with aluminum electrolytic electronic capacitors and air coils to creat high's mid's and low's in amplification amplifiers and you can also use polypropylene, polyester film capacitor across resistor's as well and they are also used in speaker crossovers as well as active speaker crossovers. Hope you like my blog 😂
You can also have a capacitor on the input or output on the preamplifier. and you have a capacitor on the input of the amplifier. You will then double the weakening of the sound. you should not have too much value or too little value. the capacitor should also protect against high frequencies. Many use 10uf. the problem is that you do not have room for polypropylene capacitor but only electrolyte which is a not so good type of capacitor. What i have done on one of my amplifiers is to put a good capacitor on the actual signal wire with shrink tubing and aluminum foil and shrink tubing over at the end. Temember that aluminum must be grounded to signal minus and aluminum must not come into contact with signal +
My preamp has options for dc coupled output, or capacitive coupled output jacks. You are correct, every time you introduce capacitance or inductance you are jacking around with timing and phase shifts. Better to have capacitor coupling on the input of the power amp IMHO.
@@ClassifiedBrief v-cap is still relatively large in sizes compare with electrolyte of the same value. Many amplifier cards or preamplifier cards are only made for small electrolyte capacitors. Everything is pressed together to be as small as possible in size, If you look at the DIY hifi card from ebay.
Till now, I was thinking that the capacitor on power input is used to more purify DC after step down transformer (AC to DC).and also store energy for instant power requirement of an amplifier. Like if transformer giving 12 v DC, cap should be 24 v at least.and around 10000uf per 10 watt of amp power. Anybody here can suggest something?
It filters the A/C 60 or 120 hertz ripple His talking about dc biasing t the output transistors so that they are just slightly turned on in the active region that then converts the DC to a AC sound wave
After listening all day on high end stuff, I guess it is about time to get back down to the earth. Mp3 music on computer swanky speakers just like most of us.
DC is not technically a “steady voltage that never moves” but rather a voltage level whose polarity stays constant. AC alternates the polarity of the voltage signal - usually uniformly to a sinusoidal patten. You can have square tooth, triangular or even random AC signals.
In electrical engineering, the DC component of a signal is that which corresponds to the average value. It appears as the constant in the Fourier series representation (for periodic signals) or Fourier transform (more general case). Being a constant, it does not vary with time. All of the variation in a signal is considered part of its AC component.
Paul you certainly are not boring. I enjoy these topics a great deal! 👍👍
Thanks! Glad we could connect.
Great explanation Paul. Please do a video on servo circuits!😀
Mr. Paul, not sure if there would be a massive following, but I for one would be interested in you having videos that are more in-depth on amplifier topology and how you make and design the different equipment. Just my two cents. I know it would be long, but I think some would find it interesting
Definetly explain servo circuits!
That the secret.. 😁
I find it fascinating how its AC we need to get power to our homes, but once inside the home chances are its all gonna be DC for the mostpart. Hell of a question to tackle, thats why we watch Paul!
Not supposed to discuss it yet publicly, but the compact speakers clearly visible in the video are prototypes of the next upcoming model in the superb aspen-FR series. Paul shared them here as a bit of an 'Easter Egg', early holiday present to loyal viewers. Here's what we know so far: They're absolutely ruler-flat from 250hz-to-3khz, are self-amplified (but without servo control on the woofers), ported, image like nothing you've ever heard before, and feature a desktop friendly, one-piece enclosure vacuum formed from an advanced composite resin, similar to what Wilson Audio uses. Not much else is known at this point as Paul, Chris Brunhaver and the team are understandably mum on the topic, but widespread availability looks imminent sometime in 2022 with a retail price TBD. Pure speculation on our part though, but guessing less than $25-usd. PS-Audio...keep up the great work! ;)
Great job explaining it out !
Do you ever test your ESD mat? We had some that look like what you have, found they degraded over time, and we had to replace them.
Great video Paul, the date on your computer is wrong, it hasn't had enough little DC in amplification to bring it up to date.
Townships are an alternative to counties. There was a debate in the days when territories were becoming states whether they should divide everything up into counties, as they eventually did, or just define populated areas as townships. Michigan and some other states now have a municipal entity known as a township, usually in low population areas, that lie within counties. It's a convenient and historic way to segregate an area for government services like drains, fire response, police, building inspection, road maintenance, garbage collection, and of course property taxes, to remove the need to depend on the county for those services. If people in an area think they can do better or cheaper than the county, they'll designate an area within the country as a township. In lieu of a township there are cities. If an area is neither in a city, nor in a township, it is in an "unincorporated" area of a county and is then served only by the county and state governments, which may provide fewer or less complete services. Cities are not in townships. It's one or the other as the two entities have the same legal purpose, to provide local government that eliminates the need for county services and the obligations of county taxes.
Thanks for clearing up that township thing. I'm in Michigan and am very aware of "townships". It's funny that someone uses their township name as their living location. Hmm. Even if you live outside city limits, one is still attached to that city, usually via postal codes. Townships arn't an alternative to counties, but a subdivision within a county. A county can have 4 or 5 townships. But the govt service thing is very true.
Louisiana does have counties or townships, we have "parishes." And a Parish President.
@@curtchase3730 I should have written that townships *were proposed* as an alternative to counties, but no US state ever took up the options. However, as you note, townships still exist, now within counties. I'd say the Michigan county that I live in has at least 30 townships, but some people's mailing addresses are indeed just the name of their township, especially when there is no particularly close city. I believe Clinton Township is such an area. Although around me there are many people who's mailing addresses are clearly City X or Y and yet when you ask where they live they'll always say X Township or Y Township, as if they want to make it clear that they wouldn't live in X or Y if you paid them. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
@@txmike1945 true. I think Louisiana is the only state that doesn't have counties. If there is another state that isn't divided into counties, I don't know what it is. Like counties, parishes cover the whole state. There isn't a part of Louisiana that isn't in one parish or another. The idea behind townships was that the state would NOT be completely divided up. Much of a state could be completely unincorporated and townships would be drawn around population centers. Some townships would touch other townships. Other townships would be figurative islands. Some townships could butt up against a city, or even completely surround a city, but unlike a county, cities surrounded by townships would not be part of the township. Townships were meant to cover just where the people are, or at least the largest bulk of them. Counties, and parishes, cover everything. You're either in one or another. There's no way to get out of the counties and just be in the state. If they had adopted townships somewhere in place of counties, or in place of parishes in Louisiana, the structure of rural municipalities would probably be quite different, more like cities, than they are now. I don't know much about parishes, but I bet I'm going to start reading about them now! Christmas vacation reading, here I come.
My Audiolab 8300xp power amp had a very good impuy board all nichicon gold caps that amp impressed me espically for its pricepoint !
Counties are divided into townships each township has a school district, usually.
Thank you so much you helped me greatly 💗
Since you mentioned it, maybe next talk about input and output impedance. What is it, why do we have it, what does it mean, what values might we encounter and what do we do about them?
I'm Zack from Massachusetts, if that helps to answer the question :)
I have several TH-cam videos on the subject already (on this channel) and a few Paul's Posts www.psaudio.com/pauls-posts/getting-%cf%89-right/ for starters.
@@Paulmcgowanpsaudio Outstanding! Thank you
@@zackw4941 My pleasure!
I wonder if the question was a guy that saw a stiffening cap in an automobile sound system. If so that Cap in in the 12 volt power supply as a reserve for deep excursions associated with a subwoofer.
In tube amps the coupling caps block HIGH voltage DC from the grids of the next tube in the chain.,in the end without them the output transformer will ultimately go up in smoke. You should see zero volts DC at the grids or the caps are garbage.
Well I speak from experience.( Polyester film caps )typo filter out any distortion and makes everything sound clean and clear. 🤗💯💖 UF microfarad caps store energy and release it very quickly. I personally like polyester film caps they make everything sound a little bit cleaner and with a resistor it only allows so much voltage to go to or through the amplifier all three working together on a input you will get a awesome sound. I am self-taught. Works like a filter or crossover💖 clean no distortion or any unwanted noise. When I build a amplifier I like to work on it when it is up and running and then put UF microfarad cap polyester film cap and a resistor on the positive side of the input only and that way I know it sounds crystal clear and clean🤗💯💖.
@colinmitchell7760 yes I know that they filter out. They filter out distortion already know that that's why I said that it makes the amplifier sound clean as well as crystal clear. Aluminum electrolytic electronic capacitors create distortion. Polyester and polypropylene capacitors clean up the distortion but also give you a high frequency sound or a low-frequency sound and that all depends on the value of the capacitor and depending on where you put it such as at the beginning of a differential amplifier input stage. You can also use them on the positive and negative power rails down to ground on a amplifier stage as well as across the positive and negative rails of the input differential amplifier input stage or across a rectifier along with the Aluminum electrolytic electronic capacitors for cleaner +VCC and -VEE DC voltage rails output 🤗 This is just a few ways you can use them polypropylene, polyester and Mica as well as mylar filter capacitors are also used in creating high mid and low frequencies along with variable resistors and resistors and along with aluminum electrolytic electronic capacitors and air coils to creat high's mid's and low's in amplification amplifiers and you can also use polypropylene, polyester film capacitor across resistor's as well and they are also used in speaker crossovers as well as active speaker crossovers. Hope you like my blog 😂
You can also have a capacitor on the input or output on the preamplifier.
and you have a capacitor on the input of the amplifier. You will then double the weakening of the sound.
you should not have too much value or too little value. the capacitor should also protect against high frequencies. Many use 10uf.
the problem is that you do not have room for polypropylene capacitor but only electrolyte which is a not so good type of capacitor.
What i have done on one of my amplifiers is to put a good capacitor on the actual signal wire with shrink tubing and aluminum foil and shrink tubing over at the end. Temember that aluminum must be grounded to signal minus and aluminum must not come into contact with signal +
You can use a vcap odam... Small but beats out a lot of the best film and foil caps but these caps r $$$$ and I went all out with them
My preamp has options for dc coupled output, or capacitive coupled output jacks. You are correct, every time you introduce capacitance or inductance you are jacking around with timing and phase shifts. Better to have capacitor coupling on the input of the power amp IMHO.
@@ClassifiedBrief v-cap is still relatively large in sizes
compare with electrolyte of the same value.
Many amplifier cards or preamplifier cards are only made for small electrolyte capacitors. Everything is pressed together to be as small as possible in size, If you look at the DIY hifi card from ebay.
You are correct Xc=1/2PIE Fc
First time I've seen that expression written so deliciously.
Now I'm hungry, but unfortunately we have no pie in our kitchen.
Excellent
Let’s get into your servo control of the input / output on your amplifiers.
Where do people send their questions from? I certainly have a thing or two i like to ask
October in December, cool.
The explanation on AC/DC had a whole lot of Rosie in it.
Till now, I was thinking that the capacitor on power input is used to more purify DC after step down transformer (AC to DC).and also store energy for instant power requirement of an amplifier. Like if transformer giving 12 v DC, cap should be 24 v at least.and around 10000uf per 10 watt of amp power. Anybody here can suggest something?
Yes. All townships in the east
He starting to sound like bob carver deep in to it.
It filters the A/C 60 or 120 hertz ripple His talking about dc biasing t the output transistors so that they are just slightly turned on in the active region that then converts the DC to a AC sound wave
Next question: what do these computer speakers do on that desk? (or at PS audio offices at all) 🤗
@Douglas Blake LOL I'm genuinely surprised you answered 😀 I just thought that was funny to see them. it's OK I won't tell anyone 🤭
After listening all day on high end stuff, I guess it is about time to get back down to the earth. Mp3 music on computer swanky speakers just like most of us.
0:12 .... "back east" .... *_MICHIGAN?_*
DC is not technically a “steady voltage that never moves” but rather a voltage level whose polarity stays constant.
AC alternates the polarity of the voltage signal - usually uniformly to a sinusoidal patten.
You can have square tooth, triangular or even random AC signals.
In electrical engineering, the DC component of a signal is that which corresponds to the average value. It appears as the constant in the Fourier series representation (for periodic signals) or Fourier transform (more general case). Being a constant, it does not vary with time.
All of the variation in a signal is considered part of its AC component.
THANK YOU!!!!!!!!
Clinton township Michigan.... That's Detroit ... Well kinda🤔
I'm confused by a self identified "DYIer" not knowing what an input cap is for? Or how to determine one?
@Douglas Blake Perhaps but it is a bit like a DYIer saying they build cars and wanted to know what this "tire" thing was all about.
He posted a comment here, as Zack W. You could ask him, if you like.
my amplifier is DC.
Huh Oct 23rd...
Not to technical🙂