Aztecs: Arrival of Cortes and the Conquistadors
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ก.ย. 2024
- In our previous animated historical documentary we have covered the Rise of the Aztecs. During the reign of Moctezuma, the empire continued its growth, but it was during this period the Spaniards of Hernan Cortes landed in the region and the fight between the Aztecs and the Conquistadors began.
Previous videos in this series covering the Maya and Inca civilizations: • Pre-Columbian Civiliza...
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito. Check out his channel for more historical content: / @cogitoedu
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Sources:
Hugh Thomas - Conquest
Micheal D Coe - Mexico from the Olmecs to the Aztecs
An Illustrated Dictionary of
Mary Miller and Karl Taube - The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya
Jacques Soustelle - Daily Life of the Aztecs
Osprey Men At Arms 239 - Aztec, Mixtec, and Zapotec Armies
Michael E Smith - The Aztecs
Matthew Restall - Seven Myths Of The Spanish Conquest
Bernal Diaz Del Castillo - Bernal Diaz Del Castillo
Codex Mendoza
Florentine Codex
Codex Boturini
Miguel Leon-Portilla - The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico
Music used:
#Documentary #Aztec #Inca
We are trying something entirely new this time - the conclusion of this series - the siege of Tenochtitlan will come on Sunday. Once again, we are grateful to our patrons and channel members. Their contribution is impossible to overstate. The fact that we are producing 2 videos per week and trying to move to 3, and planning various other projects is all because of them. You can join their ever-growing army to get the early access, schedule, participate in the voting and Q&As via this link: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals or by pressing "Join" button right below the video.
Kings and Generals please make video for Asia Pacific jungle people wars😎😳😳😊😊 thanks 😉😉
Thank you so much for these series, you guys are one of the best and most informed historie people that have a channel of them all.
A good " unkown" topic your channel can speak about its "Arauco War". Spanish empire a gainst mapuche warlords. A 300 years war that ended after the spanish empire fall and was ended by Chilean Goverment more that 60 years after its independence
Wait you're doing another version of the siege of Tenochtitlan!? or is it La Noche Triste that you're going to feature?
Porque no los dos? :D
So the "Spanish" army that entered Tenochtitlan was 5% Spanish soldiers and 95% angry locals? That puts the conquest into a new perspective, especially given that all those native warriors were ancient, bitter enemies of the Aztecs.
And still people today thinks 300 Spaniards killed 120 millons of people in Americas.
The one that conquered south America and Philippines were from Mexico
made possible by the spanish
Spain is practically the only empire of all that is judge with the morals of today, everyone ignore that when talks about Napoleon, Rome, mongols, Alexander, and other empires.
@@zamirroa pretty much, but that's because their depredations feel very close to the heart of many today. Nobody nowadays will mourn the destruction of Carthage or the millions suffering under the yolk of the Khans.
@@samuelperezgarcia they shouldn't since the khans destroyed Baghdad
Never allow anyone into your house that can kick you out!- timely advice...should have been followed!
Keith Shuler Montezuma’s brother knew what was going down
Haha so we should keep our wifes out then
@@deumevet definitely LoL
Israel is doing this to Palestinians
Advice that is still applicable today, I would say.
This moment in history seriously should have been made into a movie already. So epic
JAMES IRIZARRI one of the most underrated stories of conquest
@@zacharypeavy7801 seriously we have a relatively small group of raiders topple an empire while at the same time fighting among themselves!? I love history
You should watch ''Aguirre , The Wrath of God''. While it is largely a work of fiction, it is inspired by real events, and some real life conquistadors appear in the movie, such as Gonzalo Pizarro and Gaspar de Carvajal. The opening scene alone is worth watching, especially with the surreal and mystic sounding soundtrack. The movie makes you feel like you're right there exploring Peru alongside the Conquistadors and witnessing their morbid obsession with gold.
@@MA-ck4wu I think that the idea of the obsession with gold is something that only the anglosaxon world thinks.... you know the spanish Black Legend is still very alive as I can see in the comments.... Of course they were looking for gold, but not only.... in fact the original idea of Columbus was to find an alternative route to Asia in order to trade mainly spices, silk, porcelain, etc which were very valuable in those times. In addition these peoples were very very religious people, pure fanatics by today standards and I think they were really seeing themselves as soldiers of God, looking for to expand the limits of Cristianity.... Why a country that only wants to steal your gold construct churches, schools, hospitals, roads, etc for spanish and NATIVES with part of that gold they stole from you? The answer is they were not there only for the gold, but they thought they had a "civilizatory" mission.
In general, there are a lot of missconceptions in the anglosaxon world about Spain and its roll in America. I have to read regularly that Spain is one of the most racist countries in the world, when is just the opposite. We can prove it if you want.... read about Garcilaso de la Vega "el Inca" and after reading his life try to show me an example like that in any other country of the world in those times.... try, try it.... the best you will find is Pocahontas... but i think she doesn't wrote the "General History of the Old Northern America"
@@David_-_-_-_C You're maligning people of Anglo-Saxon descent. I'm from England, when we were taught the Spanish Armada, we were taught about Spain's desire to assert Catholicism over England and how they had been doing this in the New World. Maybe you've encountered people that believe the Spanish were purely motivated by gold, this is not something we generally teach.
From a military viewpoint, I reckon the Spanish Conquistadors achievement will remain unmatched in history. The odds against them were astronomical.
Yea but people try to play off the diseases that played a major role aswell
In the early stage of Iberian colonisation, the various Iberian kingdoms at the time only became Spain several decades later, the overwhelming majority of warriors that defeated the Aztecs were other indigenous enemies with the assistance of deaths caused by introduced diseases, not Europeans according to European accounts. So in essence these battles resembled civil wars more than anything else.
Iberians were at no stage defeating the Aztecs by themselves with indigenous enemies conveniently joining them later.
There are European accounts that confirm that Iberians were almost annihilated by enemies of the Aztecs in battles. But the indigenous leaders of these ethnic groups reconsidered their position and decided to spare the foreigners lives and become allies instead to topple the Aztecs.
In a later battle that involved Iberians along with native allies against the Aztecs, Iberians were also again almost annihilated but were helped to escape by their indigenous allies who provided Iberians with shelter, food and protection while they recovered from the loss of soldiers, physical injuries and equipment, which took many months.
The sheer number of indigenous Americans in what is now known as Latin America, compared to North America where the native population was sparse, meant that Iberians from the outset had no alternative but to rely heavily on forging alliances with indigenous enemies of the ruling native empires at the time.
The decision to make indigenous allies was not out of benevolence but out of necessity as they were seriously outnumbered from the outset and could not have toppled the ruling native empires without assistance.
After the fall of the Aztecs Old World diseases then wiped out a large portion of the native population rather than warfare due to a lack of immunity to these introduced diseases, including indigenous allies.
In the first decades of colonisation European colonies were established mainly in the areas where the toppled indigenous empires were based which comprised only a sliver of Latin America.
In the 1500s and 1600s the vast majority of Latin America and native populations that inhabited the regions outside the established European colonies, were not under European rule.
However Westernised mestizos (people of mixed ancestry) fared better against the pandemics than those of purely indigenous ancestry who succumbed to these diseases in greater numbers.
Over time mestizos, who along with the indigenous population outnumbered those of mainly European ancestry since early on in the colonisation period, thrived at the expense of the indigenous population and gradually gained the ascendancy and assimilated the remaining native populations spread across Latin America in a process that lasted centuries.
It was only until the 1800s that most Latin America was under the rule of the European colonies, colonies that by that stage were mostly made up of mestizos of varying admixture and indigenous people.
@@jr3753 In the early stage of Iberian colonisation, the various Iberian kingdoms at the time only became Spain several decades later, the overwhelming majority of warriors that defeated the Aztecs were other indigenous enemies with the assistance of deaths caused by introduced diseases, not Europeans according to European accounts. So in essence these battles resembled civil wars more than anything else.
Iberians were at no stage defeating the Aztecs by themselves with indigenous enemies conveniently joining them later.
There are European accounts that confirm that Iberians were almost annihilated by enemies of the Aztecs in battles. But the indigenous leaders of these ethnic groups reconsidered their position and decided to spare the foreigners lives and become allies instead to topple the Aztecs.
In a later battle that involved Iberians along with native allies against the Aztecs, Iberians were also again almost annihilated but were helped to escape by their indigenous allies who provided Iberians with shelter, food and protection while they recovered from the loss of soldiers, physical injuries and equipment, which took many months.
The sheer number of indigenous Americans in what is now known as Latin America, compared to North America where the native population was sparse, meant that Iberians from the outset had no alternative but to rely heavily on forging alliances with indigenous enemies of the ruling native empires at the time.
The decision to make indigenous allies was not out of benevolence but out of necessity as they were seriously outnumbered from the outset and could not have toppled the ruling native empires without assistance.
After the fall of the Aztecs Old World diseases then wiped out a large portion of the native population rather than warfare due to a lack of immunity to these introduced diseases, including indigenous allies.
In the first decades of colonisation European colonies were established mainly in the areas where the toppled indigenous empires were based which comprised only a sliver of Latin America.
In the 1500s and 1600s the vast majority of Latin America and native populations that inhabited the regions outside the established European colonies, were not under European rule.
However Westernised mestizos (people of mixed ancestry) fared better against the pandemics than those of purely indigenous ancestry who succumbed to these diseases in greater numbers.
Over time mestizos, who along with the indigenous population outnumbered those of mainly European ancestry since early on in the colonisation period, thrived at the expense of the indigenous population and gradually gained the ascendancy and assimilated the remaining native populations spread across Latin America in a process that lasted centuries.
It was only until the 1800s that most Latin America was under the rule of the European colonies, colonies that by that stage were mostly made up of mestizos of varying admixture and indigenous people.
hardly unmatched in history. the Portuguese empire did the same down in Brazil. always at a huge numerical disadvantage yet still managed to carve out a massive piece of real estate in South America fighting not only Native Americans, but also other European colonial powers, namely the French & Dutch
It was only a Cortés achievement, also they had a couple of cannons, but as it has been said a million times 99% of the army was tlaxcalans and other natives.
There's a saying that goes "The conquest was made by the natives, Independence was made by the Spanish." And it's true...
I hope everyone enjoyed this episode on Cortés' arrival. One interesting tidbit I learned from researching for this episode was that the Mexica referred to both Cortés and La Malinche as simply La Malinche, due to her being the primary translator and always being with Cortés.
Another interesting bit was that after his first battles with the Tlaxcala in which some of his horses were decapitated by Tlaxcala swords, Cortés had the horses bodies immediately buried in order to maintain the belief that these bizarre creatures were immortal.
Another great video my friend! My Grandma is Cuban but I never knew Cortés left from there, always kind of assumed he left directly from Spain, but Cuba makes so much more sense haha
Do you know how locals feel about La Malinche now? Since she was so sympathetic to Cortés.
That's really cool, Cuba played a huge role in the expeditions in Mexico and Central America.
La Malinche is, to put it lightly, a controversial figure. Some see her as a traitor that sided with invaders over her people. Others see her as a victim, used by Cortés possibly against her will and some others see her as one of the first "Mexicans" a combination of Spain and native culture and mother to some of the first mestizo children. How you see her usually depends on how you view the conquest. She is a fascinating figure nonetheless.
@@CogitoEdu Yes, I guess, by that time, the Spanish were definitely settled in Cuba?
I see why she would be so controversial. Fascinating person nevertheless - I will read more on her.
Edit: excessive use of definitely.
Yeap Cuba at this point was firmly under Spanish control. Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the same governor that recalled Cortés took part in the conquest of Cuba.
One of my favorite things of the conquest is that the move that Cortes does to legalize his conquest by having his men appoint him, is the same move that Diego Velazquez used to become Governor of Cuba in the first place.
This would make for an amazing tv series, HBO where you at??
Yeah, I would watch that.
There’s one being made with Javier Bardem as Cortés
well this is real history and culture worldwide.. and HBO is pure entertainment worldwide, when all you want is money (HBO) the worst thing to do is trying to throw mental nourishment on HBO
With all white actors like in the old cowboy and Indian shoot’em Up flicks.
History channel. Vikings is a badass show
Spain
Both world wars: "I sleep"
Blood and gold: "Santiago!"
Spain's little brother Portugal at least got some in during WW1, but slept during the Italian Wars.
Portugal was taking advantage of the fact that basically all of Europe was at war with each other, while they stayed out of it to instead conquer far away foreign lands and get a step up on the rest.
Spain sent the Blue Division to fight with the Nazis in Russia.
The Blue Division was not sent by the government of Spain, it was a group of volunteers who were permitted to join NAZI Germany in their war. It was similar to the Lincoln Battalion, which was a group of volunteers from the U.S. to fight in the Spanish Civil War, but the U.S. itself stayed out of it.
World was lucky of Spain sleeping during both world wars, otherwise we all would be speaking Spanish right now.
This war really makes me appreciate the importance of language and how
huge conflicts can arise from simple misinterpretations of another language.
Misinterpretation or an excuse to kill everyone
While a factor for much even if they could understand the Spanish already made their mind up
@@hunterq4202 realmente lo que Cortés quería era que el imperio Mexica fuera vasallo de España, pero la viruela exterminó al 90 porciento de los supervivientes de la guerra, lo que hizo que el sistema político del imperio Mexica se colapsara por completo.
ich bin ein berliner
That's wasn't the purpose of the war Aztecs were idol worshippers
𝐈𝐓 𝐈𝐒 𝐓𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐒𝐎𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐍- Hernan Cortes 1519
UNLIMITED SMALL POX!!!!!
More like unlimited Moctezuma's failure
Font change?? That's new. Cool trick
AAAAAHHHHHH- Hernan Cortez
I'm glad I'm not the only one who got it
So.... when's the HBO series?
Amazon Prime Video has a series in the works called “Cortes” and Hernán Cortés will be played by Javier Bardem.
@@Homer-OJ-Simpson Amazon cancelled production due to Covid...
@@murphbrs42 NOOOO!!!!
@@murphbrs42 goddamit
Amazon prime already has a serie, and Cortes is not Javier Bardem but Oscar Jaenada (way better for the role if you ask me). It's also pretty accurate historically (overall)
So Cortez basically pulled a Caesar
Lucas Dimoveo I like that term, “pulling a Caesar”
I think it would be interesting to know if Cortez, had read Caesar's Comentarii and remembered them when he was in Mexico.
Nope. Tlaxcala made up 99% of the forces. There were only 400 Spaniards and Tlaxcala slaughtered 40% of his men on firs contact. The Aztecs slaughtered 60% of his remaining 400 on Night of Victory. Xicocatl >Cortez. If anything CUATHEMOC pulled a Ceasar (battle of Alesia) and Sun Tzu on Tlaxcala and the Spanish-Arab-Moors-Andalusians when he surrounded them and then starved them out but granted them an exit on purpose.... during the NIGHT OF VICTORY.
Ceasar surrounded Vercingetroix and built a fort within a fort in Alesia and starved them out.
Cuathemoc did the same.
Caligvla Caesar Hitler was an idiot
and each dead Spaniard brought down with him 100 dead native. The Spanish would've failed if they weren't so powerful in the first place. And Tlaxcala would've been the dominant power after the defeat of Aztec instead of Spain if Spaniards were killed so easily.
Not gonna lie to you, man, especially as a mexican
It's only the first part, and you've explained all of this way, way better and with much more detail than what all my history teachers ever did in at least 12 years of education
Keep up the good work
Thanks!
@@KingsandGenerals Great video and channel. Have you done the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and the Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1741)?
@@lauramartin-bk9nr yep, both are on the channel
@@KingsandGenerals Thank you!
Unfortunately there are still many misrepresentations here.
Saying to Cortes about how much gold you have is like inviting the thief in your house and tell him what to steal.
Montezuma really disgraced his people by showing hospitality o such a rat
@@johangonzalez783 He was too gullible and that was his and his people undoing.
The Aztecs did not value gold, in fact a proverb about it was "a shiny piece of useless rock is still a useless piece of rock" they really did not have a use for it with the exception that it looked really neat, so they were willing to give the Spanish all the gold they had. To them killing for gold was meaningless and savage so the thought never crossed their mind.
Didn't other tribes hated their leader because they have to pay tribute in gold? they started war because of that i think.
@@arturorodriguez665 Well, Cortez didn't see it that way.
Hernan Cortes
Could be considered a Spanish Caesar because he went rogue in foreign territory and conquered it for his homeland.
@John Newman not genocide
Same with Francisco Pizarro
@Avery You are by blood, lol
@NOA so what are they? they're still the descendants of those native americans, more than they are the descendants of europeans lol
@@devvv4616 depends what country most Mexicans aren’t even more than half native
This one of the most fantastic stories of all humanity.
The Aztec history is so understated
@@hou1381 soo sad how they were killed tho
@@tranium67 them and many others, conquest is ruthless
@UCQXjVCfdD6olsOuxz3gnLHw yeah the Aztecs were oppressors.
@@CD-BVL Tell that to Julius Caesar , Genghis Khan or any other big conqueror in history.
As a Mexican passionate about history
I can say that this video is on point! It's really an amazing, accurate, work. I loved it, I'm subscribing right away!
Thank you very much!
Fck mexico
Cortez has been villianized over time, but one has you admit the guy had huge balls. The Aztecs weren't choir boys themselves. Cortez was able to recruit tribes that had been attacked by the Aztecs to help him defeat them.
You can be a brave and horrible person at the same time. As well was you can be a coward but a good person too
@@spammergenerico5679 Cortez was many things, but a coward wasn't one of them.
@@artistaprimus7080 guys do you even read? I said he was the example of brave, when the hell did I said he was a coward???
@THE INVISIBLE WARRIOR when did I said he was a coward???
@@spammergenerico5679 so the conversation is Cortez. Why say a coward but good person?
Cortes was a very clever man, he had studied law in the University of Salamanca, and in Cuba he became a very rich businessman, properties, trade......., but he was very ambitious.
Fuck him
@@Jonathan-gz1cp 😂😂😂😂😂
@@Jonathan-gz1cp que se joda tu estirpe, perro. Él fue alguien, él pasó a la historia, y a ti no te conocen ni en tu casa.
@@Xela-j1p no speako
@@Xela-j1p a ti también te olvidarán chaval, cuál es tu punto?
"Let them die!" "Sir, we are letting them, but they are not dying" "I meant you had to kill them!"
The indians from tlaxcala (Mexico) became very close friends of the spanish, and the alliance and frienfship.lasted during centuries, 75% of the spanish troops who conquered Philipinnes were indians from Tlaxcala, and in the battle of Otumba 1520 after the sad night, the 600－1000 spanish survivors with 1.000 tlxcaltecas defeated 40.000 aztecs.
@@elhelel7858 ? Yeah the Tlaxcalas used the encomienda system since there were encomenderos Spanish , black, and natives. They were abolished. So what ?
Just to help (you don’t have to, I’m just helping), instead of using “Indians”, try to use natives, indigenous Americans, native Americans, or Mesoamericans if you want to be more formal/professional
@@Howlingburd19 the word is most used in the Spanish language than English so maybe he is not a English native speaker or don't write academic works in this language
después de la independencia al irse los españoles tengo entendido que trataron muy mal a los tlaxcaltecas por "traidores y haber ayudado al enemigo", asta el punto de decirles, "nos encargaremos de borrarlos de la historia y que el mundo no sepan que existen"
Wow. Philippines has a lot to learn of its history of conquest from mexico
On map, green Aztec and yellow Spanish. Subtle EU4 reference.
Also I recognize these Age of Empires 2 sound assets.
You guys like strategy videogames, isnt? It shows.
Yep, we do!
I’m glad to see a fellow EU4 brother. This makes me want to play as the Aztecs and defend against the Cortes regime.
Pretty sure the animation of the rider moving across the screen when they mention bringing horses is also from EU4.
Spain being Yellow is just one of those things, like England/GB being red and France blue.
Yeee
No one:
Literally no one:
Hernán Cortés: It’s treason then
Luis Chavez - Why do people write that - “No one, literally no one”
Look at him in the wrong way: 'It's treason then.'
@@jakezywek6852 I mean why were you looking wrong at him you must be planning something
*Pulls out rapier
*ARRRRRRRRGGGGGGHH!!!!*
I love how you incorporate Age of Empires II sounds into your videos :) Keep up the good work.
Thanks, we will!
I love the age of empires 2 sound effects!
Yeah, reminds of my childhood. :-)
I am glad someone else noticed too!
PRRROEH
Shi... hoh!
Mandaton?
But it's distracting me from the excellent content! :)
How crazy is it that this entire situation would’ve worked out so differently if not for that random castaway priest who spoke both Spanish and a maya language.
Divine intervention
Gotta love the Age of Empires sound effects. Brilliant. I learned about all of this stuff as a child from playing the AOE expansion which focused on the conquistadors and Aztecs.
*NOBODY EXPECTS THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORS!*
Nobody cares about the Aztec Inquisition!
haha. indeed.
What the romans did for us?
* nobody expects the Spanish sneeze
A man of culture I see
'Anybody can make history. Only a great man can write it.' My boy Oscar Wilde said it in 1890, your work shows it. Keep up the good work.
“It’s treason then” best one liner yet
Yeah, the best movie line ever, maybe.
As a note on Doña Marina (La Malinche). Her “betrayal” is a semi-modern idea. The reality is, these are heavily independent peoples who do not view themselves as a part of any unified people. The majority of these cities spoke their own dialects, and held deep grudges against other groups. Thus, the portrayal of Malintzin as a betrayer could only have formed in a society which viewed indigenous peoples as a unified group (meaning it happened significantly post-colonization, when indigenous people became a legally separate group from Spaniards. This only could have occurred once spanish municipal administration and population exchange began (the formation of the first Spanish cities), thus forcing indigenous people to find a common identity to protect and advocate for their rights under the Spanish judicial and administrative systems.
Her own mother and stepfather sold her into slavery at age 13. I wonder what loyalty she owed anyone.
Yessss! Kings and generals with my favorite narrator. Thank you for this awesome channel
Thanks for watching!
Kings and Generals > Crash Course
100%
Kings and Generals = Historical Facts
Crash Course = Leftist Propaganda
Crash Course World History are more into general knowledge who we didnt know yet, compared to this channel which into detailed one.
I used to watch Crash Course till i realized how blatantly biased it is to the left. Kings and Generals doesn't seem to take a political perspective, they just show what is known to have happened without sliding in their own narrative the way Crash Course clearly does.
@@joekarim2471 i still watch CC especially in science history and it still ok to me. I didnt watching history just in that one channel so its lays new perspective.
"its treason then"
the best line of text in the entire video
Hernan Cortes was so based.
how?
@@mattie286 Google his name and alongside it, "Burn the ships".
Indeed, God bless Cristobal de Olea, the man who gave his life for Cortes in the battle of Tenochtitlan
@@mattie286 I've read the book about the conquest and you should too, they were heroes. Nothing like the media potrays it to be.
Again, easily the best video on the subject on youtube, but some corrections:
Montezuma II was not "Tlatoani" of the empire, Tlatoani was essentially a king of a city: So he was Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan. specifically. That being said, i've read that the 3 Tlatoani of the ruling triple alliance cities were called Huey-Tlatoani or Hue-Ttlatoani ("Huey/hue" means great in nahuatl), with Tenochtitlan's in particular as "Huehue-Tlatoani", due to it's status as either a de-facto or formal captial.
"Chief of the Totonac" to talk about the leader of the city of Cempoala is also misleading. The Totonac are a culture/ethnic group, Cempoala was just one city with Totonac inhabitants, and on that note "cheif" implies a lack of urbanization or complexiity which was not the case: Cempoala had a population of 30,000, putting it on par with moderately to above average sized Greek city-states. In general, Mesoamerican city sizes and social and political complexity were comparable to what you'd see in classical antiquity, so terms like cheif, tribe, etc aren't applicable.
Something to note about the massacre of Cholula is that Cholula was one of a few "buffer cities" between the valley of mexico, the core of the Aztec empire; and the valley of Tlaxcala, which could only be entered via a narrow pass that Cholua and the other buffer cities lay along. So Cholula and those cities would often be fought over. Cholula had recently had a pro-Aztec group come to political power there, and itt has been posited that the massacre was instigated by the Tlaxcala misleading/telling Cortes about a non-existent assassination plot in order for Tlaxcala to kill off the pro-aztec faction and raze the city in an act of vengeance. Cempoala had manipulated the Conquistadors in a similar vein, stating that before they could join Cortes, they needed to work together to take out a Aztec fort located in a nearby city... in truth, there was no fort, and the city was just a political enemy they wanted out of the picture. These go to show that it's important to remember that these city-states had their own agenda and they were less appealing to Cortes to save them from Aztec oppression and more using the conquistadors to their own geopolitical ends.
I wish you would have talked about Aztec tactics, strategy, armies, and weapons, though, that could and should easily be it's own video. I understand it can't be part of this series, but if you ever want to do a "Armies and Tactics" episode on the Aztec, I would be happy to contribute.
Jabberwockxeno A
AKSHUALLY ^^
MajoraZ , Also, Aztec and Mexica are not sinonims. Aztecs are from Aztlan, Maxicas are from Mexico. Mexicas were that people who got away from Aztlan
Its Moctezuma!
Thanks for sharing :D
I just realized that I'm watching this video on February 18, 2019, exactly 500 years Cortes left Cuba. What are the odds? O.o
No shame in losing to the Spanish. They were the best fighting force of their time. Also, the Aztecs racked up enemies all around them.
Actually I do think its incredibly shameful. Their king invited the enemy inside when the Spanish were already openly hostile, got abducted with almost no reistance, and the whole empire just fell without a proper fight.
@@stoneruler that's how its done
@@stoneruler What do you want ? The Spaniards were outnumbered 100 to 1 inside Tenochtitlan. One thing they don't mention here is that the Spanish Indian allies were not allowed into the city, they were forced to remain outside while only the Spaniards went in. Imagine being in the lions den , surrounded by lions ? You do in a situation like that what you have to just to survive , never mind conquer.
The bravery of those men is unparalleled. No men today would even dare think doing something like that if we were transported back in time , not me , not you.
@@alfredosenalle9284 u missed my point. I was talking about the Aztecs. This great civilization ended in such a shameful way, they didn’t perish in a glorious last stand against a superior army. Instead they got a dumb leader who invited his enemies in, got screwed and died as a hostage begging for his life.
@@stoneruler I understand your point , but the thing is whether it was the way it happened or a more dignified way later. The Aztec Empire had been doomed since 1492 when Columbus discovered the New continent. It was just a matter of time.
Random Spanish Settler: *Sneezes*
Aztecs:*OUR TIME HAS COME*
Montezuma: Look, people!
Aztecs: careful,he has a knife
Cortes: what, no, no I don’t
Ahh a man of culture
8:08 I want to expand on this. A native woman told the Malinche that Army of triple alliance was moving to ambush the spaniards, and the spaniards also found traps for horses around the city. So they resolved to strike first. And most of the killing was done by the native allies because they had beef with this other city.
This is true. The “massacre of Cholula” was not some random act of violence as it’s often portrayed.
Love the AoE2 creation sounds :D :D
We, too, apparently :-)
And the Metal Gear sounds too! :D
Good video as always. Just one point. In Spanish the word "traicion" does not mean treason, it means 'betrayal'.
It means both
In few decades spanish went from being conquered and colonized to being the most powerful country in the world. Much thanks to Ferdinand and Isabella and their leadership.
They were inbred I believe
No. Thanks to rape, genocide, and thievery.
Rich, definitely but not so sure about being the most powerful since the independence movements were completed fairly swiftly which suggest the hold on these territories were always tenuous.
Diseases that wiped out a large portion of the native population had a bigger impact on the events that took place than any leadership qualities from people far removed from them.
Los Reyes Catolicos.
"Does your king have much gold?"
Words spoken moments before disaster
Spain: *Sends an expedition for exploration and trade.
*Conquers an Empire by accident.
Spain: Ooops.... My bad.
@Luiz Sá .. you mean pop who pédophilie with children.
@Luiz Sá yeah instead had live human sacrifices
@Luiz Sá they did that after the conquistadors came. Till then they would sacrifice their own.
@Luiz Sá lol native Americans were already killing each other by the time they reached there
@Luiz Sá the colonization of America was a good turnout.
One of the greatest channels ever, literally has a video on almost every topic in history.
1:13 No, not the painter Diego Velázquez. The OTHER Diego Velázquez.
who said otherwise?
@@eztli Nobody, it's just in case someone confused them.
Since cameras didn't exist, Cortez brought a painter to catch the war on canvas
@@lilahdog568
That's not what he meant, there's another Spanish man named Diego Velazquez who is a painter.
The first European American war..
The most impactful YES in the History.
Diseases wiped out more of the native population than warfare.
1:41 - February 18, 1519 (Sets of from Cuba and goes to Maya area and finds Geroimino, a Spanish who knew the Mayan language.)
7:20 September 23, 1519 (Cortes creates an alliance with the Tlaxcala city.)
8:50 November 8, 1519 (Cortes and Native allies march down to Tenochtitlan.)
11:36 May 20, 1520 (Spaniards attack the Aztecs on the Feast of Toxcatl.)
If I missed any timestamps let me know, and I hope this helps.
I love the day-night cycle. It does give a nice sense of passing time (not to scale, just in general)!
I wish a movie about this was made. Like an apocalypto 2
Apocalypto is actually an extremely innacurate movie when it comes to history and should not be used for education
Sabaton
@@Goblinsharkhundredsofthem yes
@@thaneofwhiterun3562 Apocalypto is just for entertainment and Mel Gibson is an idiot.
There is a lot of series
It would be amazing if you guys covered the battle of Siget ( 3000 Croatians and Hungarians resisted 100000 Ottomans or something like that, and the famous last charge)
They cover those battle which have significant important in future
Sifu A. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent died shortly after this battle
Yeah, it is on the list.
Horvat Lovren yeah bro ,its our time for Nikola Šubić Zrinski
There was a case of 30 000 moldavians vs 100000 otomans but 3000 vs 100000 is too much
Europeans everywhere : Hippity hoppity your land is our property
@@skillbopster middle easterns and africans: *uno reverse card*
skillbopster go back to Europe
@@skillbopster bruh you guys missed out on Antarctica xD
@@louisa.319 You do know your ancestors were European white men right lol? The name Luis Acosta surely isn't of Aztec or Mayan origin lol
Andrew Vincent you know European white man colonized my country right ? Forced us into catholic religions and we changed our names because of that right ? And who the fck I was claiming Aztec or Mayan ? Learn your shit before you try to comment “Vincent”
Still mindboggling what the beauty of the empire would have been when the Spanish first discovered. So much gold and natural beauty.
@@greatdude7279 okay R/iamverysmart lol. Im actually saying that the visual site of seeing the city for the first time must have been amazing. In Diaz's journal he remarks about how every roof top sparkled with gold and silver etc. It's an amazing read tbh
Really good video! I'm so glad for this series on the Aztecs. I'm grateful my recommendation to cover the Seige of Tenochtitlan was heard. Looking forward to it!
Veracruz is one of the most important cities in Mexico, it has been dubbed as the main entrance of Mexico and for good reason, all invaders and maritime wars took place in that city, even when the conquistadors got into Mexico they landed on modern day Veracruz
Didn't the spanish conquistadors first land in the the yucatan peninsula? I'm probably wrong.
Edit: Veracruz was pretty important in spanish history though.
@@jmaster1495
Yes bt they didnt start the conquest from the south. Near yucatan a spanish ship wrecked years before Cortez, once they reached the caribbean, cortez heard of this and went into yucatan to search for this community and find translators, which he did, found people that spoke spanish, yucatec mayan and nahuatl.
@@ericktellez7632 ah okay thanks for the clarification!
Fascinating take. I’ve always read the rise and fall of this amazing people with interest. They were like the Romans of the New World but they failed in integrating their conquered foes as the Romans did and instead had a huge empire waiting to topple its bloody masters. Yes they weren’t angels, but who is? Nobody. I’m always looking for more videos on this topic so thank you for reigniting an old passion of mine to read about .
Agree
It eventually fails the Romans too, or atleast become one of the reasons for the fall of Western Rome. Also yea weirdly people like to act like there lesser people for human sacrifices, yet its not unique to Mesoamerica. Romans saw Celts in the British Isles do shit like that and it freaked them the fuck out. I'm only mentioning it because i've actually seen someone correlate this savage behavior with why Mexico has brutal cartels lmao.
@@TheBucketSkill Really? Damm some people are just really dumb. Comparing that makes 0 sense.
I wouldn't call them the romans of the New World, more like the Mesopotamians, Egyptians or maybe Chinese of the new world. Please remember that Rome wasn't the only empire that ever existed in antiquity.
@@asdfomfglol yeah, but that wouldn't be a so good comparation either because before them came other civilazations in america so they where far from being the first. I guess its hard to compare. But anyway the Aztec empire wasn't (in structural way) similar to the roman empire. The best equivalent in america to how the roman empire worked, would be the Inca
Awesome video! The Age of Empires sounds combined with the excellent content and edition makes this awesome to watch.
Thank you!
Amazing video as always! Will you be covering anything of the post-conquest period? Like the conquest of the Tarascan Empire, or the Spaniard's wars and conquests with the other native tribes and kingdoms north and south of Mesoamerica? I'd personally really like to see a video dedicated to the Tarascans, especially they've been brought up in this Aztec series. I'd say the fact that they refused to aid the Aztecs during the siege of Tenochtitlan is definitely worth mentioning.
I just found your channel, what a awesome channel. ¡greetings from Mexico!
What will always blow my mind is how the Aztecs saw any logic in granting the Spanish lodging and a palace in Tenochtilan. If they were consistently sending messengers and gifts to the Spanish while they were on the road, you’d think they would notice an army of angry locals being gathered up to revolt against them. Maybe it just comes down to the leadership of the Aztecs being oblivious to the threat or maybe it came down to stubbornness from them not willing to bypass traditions of diplomacy and hospitality for the sake of survival. Regardless, it’s just so unfortunate that societies in our history that accomplished so much, have to meet such a tragic end.
I think they actually believed they where gods for a while
Important mention of the Spanish Conquest being prophesied by Aztecs from astronomical events and Cortés being interpreted as an incarnation of Quetzalcóatl by Moctezuma are missing from video essay but it's nonetheless a high quality series. My sincere congratulations.
This was a proven myth debunked, Moctezuma saw a comet but it was a claim made after the invasion, those who actually took part of it had no recollection of that.
Wrong. That the Aztecs augured a calamitous end to their civilization -the particulars of which coincided greatly with the circumstances surrounding the arrival of the Castilians- is founded upon several pre- & post- columbian codexes (e.g. Borbonicus, Xólotl) and the readings of such materials by native historians (e.g. Cristóbal del Castillo, Diego Muñoz Camargo, Alva Ixtlilxóchitl) of the conquista period. The attempt to revision Moctezuma's view on early sightings of Antillean explorers and eventually Cortes' party is an ill-intended "exorcising" of messianic interpretation by Spanish chroniclers from the history field. An unnecessary endeavour to begin with, as these views were never held in high regard after Hispanic American emancipation.
They didn't see them as gods, but definitely as ancestors or supernatural, because even Moctezuma referred to Cortés and himself as "we are both men"
It’s been debunked as a self serving myth concocted years after the event.
We should see this story as one of the most incredible, of men like us, who were neither saints nor villains, the enterprises of men are not those of the gods, they are full of passions, arts, hatreds, virtues, blood, and sex. Any of us exposed to the most extreme situations would be totally different. I imagine myself with a rifle in some war and depending on the day I would be a hero or a demon!
This is the realm of Earth. Here we walk between knowledge and ignorance of good. Whoever is freaked out should go to the realm of Air with the university communists and their fucking mother. Dont talk about "spaniards or mexicas" talk about individuals, protagonists like Marina(la malinche), Cortés and his generals and wives, who make the history of mankind, something impressive, full of threads and turning points.
Cortes first battled the Tlaxcala people, who were bitter enemies of the Mexica ( Aztec ). After some negotiations, the Tlaxcala sided with Cortes to go fight the Mexica. The Tlaxcalans also brought the Cempoalli, and Otomi' or Chichimec Nation. It was the Tlaxcala that brought down the Mexica, and they are still called "Malinches" today because they helped outsiders. La Malinche was actually Tlaxcalan given to the Cortes as peace offering, then she became translator. You are right, there was resentment against the Mexica and their system, and that is what Cortes exploited.
The clash of worldviews is what never ceases to impress me. It wasn't the weapons, it was the incredibly naive, undecided and God fearing nature of the Aztecs that brought their demise. The Spanish, by comparison, could be viewed as modern in the way they knew how to turn every event to their advantage, employing deceit, strategic thinking, bold moves, and strong resolve to achieve their goals. They adapted to ever-changing circumstances with incredible speed, while being continuously under threat.
There are no reliable sources that support and back up the claims that the Aztecs were hesitant because of their religious beliefs and conflating them with foreigners. In fact it was indigenous allies that helped Iberians from not being completely decimated in one of the earliest battles against the Aztecs and allow them to recover. Without the assistance of indigenous Aztec enemies Europeans would not have survived, specially when they comprised the majority of the armies involved.
From a military viewpoint, I reckon the Spanish Conquistadors achievement will remain unmatched in history. The odds against them were astronomical.
@@petreraldiavideos
Referring to these events as conquests is somewhat of a misnomer as they were not conquests in the conventional sense, not comparable to similar battles and conflicts fought in Europe, Asia and Africa anyway.
Iberians, Iberian kingdoms united to become Spain years later, from the outset relied heavily on indigenous allies with the armies that toppled the ruling indigenous empires of the day consisting mostly of local indigenous enemies, not Europeans.
In the subsequent decades introduced diseases then wiped out large portions of indigenous populations, including native allies, more so than warfare.
People of mixed ancestry (mestizos of varying admixture who outnumbered those of mainly European ancestry since early on in the colonisation period ) had better immunity against these diseases than those who were indigenous and therefore fared better in terms of surviving these pandemics.
As a result Westernised mestizos thrived at the expense of the native populations and gradually gained the ascendancy, eventually absorbing and assimilating the native population in a process that lasted centuries.
In the early stage of Iberian colonisation, the various Iberian kingdoms at the time only became Spain several decades later, the overwhelming majority of warriors that defeated the Aztecs were other indigenous enemies with the assistance of deaths caused by introduced diseases, not Europeans according to European accounts. So in essence these battles resembled civil wars more than anything else.
Iberians were at no stage defeating the Aztecs by themselves with indigenous enemies conveniently joining them later.
There are European accounts that confirm that Iberians were almost annihilated by enemies of the Aztecs in battles. But the indigenous leaders of these ethnic groups reconsidered their position and decided to spare the foreigners lives and become allies instead to topple the Aztecs.
In a later battle that involved Iberians along with native allies against the Aztecs, Iberians were also again almost annihilated but were helped to escape by their indigenous allies who provided Iberians with shelter, food and protection while they recovered from the loss of soldiers, physical injuries and equipment, which took many months.
The sheer number of indigenous Americans in what is now known as Latin America, compared to North America where the native population was sparse, meant that Iberians from the outset had no alternative but to rely heavily on forging alliances with indigenous enemies of the ruling native empires at the time.
The decision to make indigenous allies was not out of benevolence but out of necessity as they were seriously outnumbered from the outset and could not have toppled the ruling native empires without assistance.
After the fall of the Aztecs Old World diseases then wiped out a large portion of the native population rather than warfare due to a lack of immunity to these introduced diseases, including indigenous allies.
In the first decades of colonisation European colonies were established mainly in the areas where the toppled indigenous empires were based which comprised only a sliver of Latin America.
In the 1500s and 1600s the vast majority of Latin America and native populations that inhabited the regions outside the established European colonies, were not under European rule.
However Westernised mestizos (people of mixed ancestry) fared better against the pandemics than those of purely indigenous ancestry who succumbed to these diseases in greater numbers.
Over time mestizos, who along with the indigenous population outnumbered those of mainly European ancestry since early on in the colonisation period, thrived at the expense of the indigenous population and gradually gained the ascendancy and assimilated the remaining native populations spread across Latin America in a process that lasted centuries.
It was only until the 1800s that most Latin America was under the rule of the European colonies, colonies that by that stage were mostly made up of mestizos of varying admixture and indigenous people.
Disease. It was the disease that was one of the biggest victory factors.
Absolutely stunning history
I believe if Juan de Grijalva was placed in charge of the 3rd expedition it would've changed our entire history in a positive manner. I do not think there would have been such a violent decimation of the Aztec people. I'm pleased that you had mentioned Juan's name, but his efforts were certainly not considered as a "disastrous expedition".
naive
@@anon_148 short
I am Mexican and there I leave you some curious information about the conquest, it is said that when Hernán Cortés arrived and met with Xicotencatl, the old man, one of the four leaders of the great state of Tlaxcala, reminded him of the other three leaders. . Among them, Maxixcatzin, about the Prophecy that said that a new race would arrive to mix and create a new people, the other three leaders agreed that these Spaniards were that new race that the prophecy said, it is believed that that is why the Tlaxcalans also helped so much to the Spanish, so much so that at the end of the defeat of the Mexica, the great Mr. Xicotencatl the elder converted to Christianity, and this shows the deep respect and importance that all Mesoamerica had towards any religion.
That is just a legend. Historical evidence has shown Xicotencatl knew very well the spanish where just another group of warriors who came to claim land just like they knew from the aztecs
Spanish were very lucky that montezuma was an incompetent leader and many meso American tribes wanting revenge on the Aztecs.
Interesting bit about Irish Wolfhounds and Mastiffs being brought over as War dogs. Those are both such noble breeds.
Shame how the used them to torture and execute natives.
I always thought a high budget movie needed to be made of the Spaniard conquest of Mexico and it should do viewpoints from both the Spanish and Aztec side, with a lot of action and rated R. It would be a very good movie.
This was a meeting between the ruthless Aztecs and the ruthless Spanish Comquistadors in 1519. Without Aguilar, the Conquistadors would not have an ability to talk to the Aztecs.
Hernan Cortes was a monumental figure in world history. The sheer audacity of it all. 500 men against one of the great empires of the world on their home turf. Incredible balls. I salute him as the *CONQUISTADOR* of the new world.
....as they arrive in Vera Cruz, his men hungry and restless and in deep fear of their absolutely inevitable deaths....Cortes; the self appointed Governor General of new Spain summons his men in the still of the night and with every single man staring at him with solemn allegiance...declared ‘Burn the ships! Tomorrow we conquer the Aztec empire!
Wow.....
just a bad copy of Tariq Ibn Ziyad when he conquered Spain and turned it to Al-Andalus
@@themayhemera3046 He didn't conquer Spain because Spain didn't exist, what you had there were the "Reinos Godos", later after the Reconquista is when it became Spain.
@@nikiardo he conquered TF out of what is today known as Spain and BETTER known as Al-Andalus
Didn't happend like that.
He's a f**** murder and it's sick that he's being honored
My God it is so tragic just how pivotal a moment in history this was.
Montezuma was one of the most incompetent king in the history of the world because he allowed a group of unknown foreigners with superior weapons who were the allied of his Taxlaca enemy inside his capitla city of Tenochtitlan allowing them to massacre the Aztec noble and conquered the city from inside. Very stupid king. a people should never worship their king as God or holy man and never have absolute trust in a king.
They thought he was Jesus Christ... The Aztecs were the descendant of lamanites ;who saw Jesus come to the Americas as stated by the book of Mormon.
@@fredogee8108 Except no.
@@TheFenderBass1 why else would they welcome cortez explain that
@@fredogee8108 You cite the book of mormon as your source. Yeah no, hit me up when unprovable stories aint your thing.
I'm Mexican , and I agree with you...
My last name originated from the north western part of Spain I believe it’s called Galicia. My family is 100% Mexican and are from Guadalajara Jalisco and when the Spanish conquered Mexico I believe they called that area of Guadalajara “new galicia” which I thought was cool when I read up on it. Another cool fact my oldest brother and sister have red hair and I have cousins and myself included with red in our beards and facial hair but I have no idea where that originated from.
im mexican and i have light blue eyes pink skin and brown hair and i have family members with blonde and red hair too
So not 100% mexican
Hello from Galicia
( 1:50 )According to Hugh Thomas in his book "The spanish empire: From columbus to magallanes" there weren't two but twenty women in the expedition
There are vasts amounts of documents on this subject for HBO to make an incredible series out of it. The characters, good and evil, at both sides of the conflict, are so fascinating and so well outlined on the official reports and archives in Spain, that you just need good writers to make something epic out of it.
Yeah right ''epic''.Just robbery,crimes against humans,genocide,not to be proud of.If some alien more advanced come to earth and do the same.We are savages,not them the locals.
@@cristeaadrian7419 Just like any military event in history, yet you have thousands of them portrayed in an epic way. In this case there're alliance, trason.... it would definitely make an epic series. Have you not watched game of thrones or what?
@@cristeaadrian7419 genocide? Lol
@@cristeaadrian7419 like caesar, genghis khan, the aztecs themselves to the other native American
Love this series! Great work and really interesting!
Thanks! More on the way!
This is GOOD STUFF! I’m hooked! 👌🏼
Welcome aboard!
for school I have to do some Aztec history and background, this really helped. thank you
Can you guys do a video on the conquistador Valerio de la Cruz, who was born an indigenous Tetzcocatl and became a Spanish knight?
It’s like playing the Aztec Campaign in Age of Empires II: The Conquerors all over again
Alvarado: execute order 66
I hope that in your next video you mention that aztecs were very clean which meant there were very little diseases in Tenochtitlan, and that made them more vulnerable to foreign diseases.
Keep the great work.
danyalillo lol, irony
Genetic tests done on Plague victims from the 1500's in Mexico show that they died of Native diseases.
man all the work time and dedication you put into this you are absolutely amazing
Cortez’s most powerful weapon seems to have been not horse or cannon, but shrewd diplomacy and calculated gambles.
This is great, I learned sooo much, it would be cool if you guys did more videos on the other peoples of Mesoamerica, like the Zapotecs and Mixtecs. The stories of the Zapotec King Cocijoeza and the Mixtec unifier 8 Deer Jaguar Pat would be great as well!
You are a spanish soldier entering in Aztec territory. You enter a city, you can't communicate with anyone, you see the piramid full of dead corpses at their feet...I would have gone full John Rambo with my arquebus
The Aztecs and the Spanish could communicate they had native translators.
Also you were entering a city that supposedly had 1 million people living their. No place in Europe existed at that time that could compare until the 19th century.
@@blackearl7891 Not one million people,more like two hundred thousand.
@@mikenagy9408 you're right I was wrong. Population range is from 200,000 to 300,000 which is still quite big for a city at that time.
@@glenncordova3365 Not when Cortés left. The best choice at communication were the Tlaxcalans and all they did was feed Spaniards' paranoia whispering int heir ears how cruel the mexicas were and how they shouldn't be trusted.
Just watched this after finding it in my recommended.
Awesome! Thanks so much for this presentation. It was fascinating. Well done! Can't wait to watch more of your vids.
They were basically like Vikings - Hollywood romanticizes Vikings yet scorns Conquistadors
vikings would strike and get whatever they could find and leave, the Spanish were full on in settling and spreading catholicism in all of America
@@kyomademon453 Yeah tell that to the english
@Association of Free People you are quite dense aint you, Normandy was born out of a weak french king who in his cowardice gave the northern coast a couple of vikings as an exchange for them defending the frankish coasts of more raiders, the normans who conquered england had norse blood but were all romaniced and spoke french
they conquered but they also ended a lot of human sacrifice which was rampant, which is why some tribes converted easily before they got to mexica, they would establish a spanish garrison in that conquered town protecting it from raiders of human sacrifice
@@kyomademon453 The vikings conquered nearly all of England in the 9th century... Ever heard of the Danelaw?
1:44 Age of Empires sound , was into the point xD
;-)
Epic as the story is, I feel a LOT if not most of it is lost to history. So many of these events seem completely random and illogical. Why would they just decide to murder those priests on a whim? Why did they believe they were conspiring against them? There must have been preceding events leading up to this. The role of the local 'allies' is also never really mentioned much. But the fact that Moctezuma was continuously sending messengers to Cortes while he was marching towards the city gives an intriguing insight I think. It shows that the natives were planning and scheming quite a lot themselves 'behind the scenes' so to speak. So the native allies must have been of similar calibre.
Which then raises the question why the messengers were even allowed to get through. If the army was only 5% Spanish, it would have been easy for them to just deny or even outright kill the messengers.
1 minute of this is better than a hole period in history school
Impressive always. Hope you can make a spanish tercio series in near future.
Thanks! We will, it is on the list!
I would like to see others Empires like French , Mongols , Portuguese , Japanese , etc if you can plz ! Love your videos :)
Thanks! Considering!
Love the Age of Empires II sounds haha
Age of Empires sound effects
this was more informative then an hour long BBC movie about Cortes
Thank you very much!