Ibn Rushd was a great jurist and philosopher but he had major interest in mysticism . Father of the greatest mystic of the time, Ibn Arabi, was a good friend of Ibn Rushd. So when Ibn Rushd heard about Ibn Arabi's experiences , he wanted to meet him. Following is the encounter narrated by Ibn Arabi . (From, The Sufi Path of Knowledge by William Chittick). Ibn Rushd was eager to meet me, because of what he had heard and what had reached him concerning what God had opened up for me in my retreat....I was still a youth. My face had not yet put forth a beard, and my mustache had not yet grown.When I entered in upon him, he stood up in his place out of love and respect. He embraced me and said,"Yes." I said, "Yes". His joy increased because I had understood him. Then I realized why he had rejoiced at that, so I said, "No". His joy disappeared and his color changed, and he doubted what he possessed in himself. He said, "How did you find the situation in unveiling and divine effusion? Is it what rational considerations give to us.?" I replied, "Yes and no.Between the yes and the no spirits fly from their matter and heads from their bodies." His color turned pale and he began to tremble. He sat reciting, "There is no power and no strength but in God," since he had understood my allusion. After that, he sought my father to meet in order to present to me what he himself had understood: He wanted to know if it conformed with or was different from what I had. He was one of the great masters of reflection and rational consideration. He thanked God that in his own time had seen someone who had entered into the retreat ignorant and had come out like this----- without study, discussion,investigation, or reading. He said,"This is a state that we had confirmed rationally , but we had never seen anyone who possessed it. Praise belongs to God, that I should live in the time of one of its possessors, those who have opened the locks upon its doors. Praise belongs to God, who singled me out to see him."
Growing up, I’ve always heard my father (may Allah have mercy on his soul) mention Ibn Rushd. I have a book about his works that I’m currently reading and a video like this would be a great supplement. Thank you for creating this video.
I just wanna know who goes out of their way to dislike these videos... I cannot find the words to articulate my gratitude for this sadaqah that Allah has granted you to bestow upon us brother Paul. May Allah bless you and all those you hold dear in shaa Allah.
Thank you for this video, as someone who is very interested in Islamic philosophy I find such episodes very helpful. Professor Adamson seems to be quite knowledgeable and a true gentleman, I wish to see more episodes with him.
Brother id recommend avoiding philosophy, especially stuff about god, or you'll just be confused and un knowingly do innovation, which the prophet himself described as going astray. Focus on your aqeedah or gaining Islamic knowledge first. Philosophy as a whole isn't haram btw, just the speculative theology that deals with god, his attributes and existence is. Proving god from mental evidences is okay but most of the times it either takes alot of time and dosent prove islam and/or ends up having an element of innovation to it.
I see nothing wrong with philosophy in general and a religious philosophy in particular. Philosophy itself comes from two Greek words, "philos" which means "love" and "sophia" which means "wisdom". So taking the words together, Philosophy is simply the love of wisdom. I'm not Muslim but I do believe that Islam teaches that God ( Allah ) is all-knowing and God Himself is "Wisdom". Therefore the study of Philosophy is a desire to love God Himself. I'm open to correction if wrong. I'm a simple Christian believer. Peace to all Muslims...
@@johnbrzykcy3076 to summarize my point: if you look at the Islam and it's concept of god and other things related to creed through the lens of philosophy, most likely you will end up being confused and get something wrong. That's why it's important to avoid speculative theology, and not study it, unless to disprove those who use it, and do that only after you are firm in your creed(aqeedah). If you want to study theology then study it in the lens of the Quran and Sunnah. Not Aristotle or others, or you might get something wrong basically. Look at philosophy within the lens of the Quran and Sunnah. Is that understandable?
@@Noobmaster-cz8je Different bodies need different diets, and so are minds; some people like rhetoric and others like logic, I'm from that latter category. Quran has both rhetoric and logical arguments in it, so using logical arguments (premises leading to conclusions) are not alien to Islam. Philosophy isn't being fascinated by a certain philosopher to the degree of following everything he says, nor do philosophers claim to be infallible, a true student of Philosophy is someone who learn it in order to have his own views of the world based on logical thinking. So if someone learns philosophy in a dogmatic way then such a person doesn't know what the true goal of what he's learning is. Also philosophy shows different ways of thinking and enriches one's mind by knowing the spectrum of ideas about different subjects. That said, I do learn Islam not just philosophy, and no matter how much a Muslim likes or dislikes philosophy he will have to get engaged in it if he wants to become a respectable scholar in Islamic creed (Aqeeda), especially if he wants to debate non-Muslims.
@@johnbrzykcy3076 I agree with you Sir. Islam does teach its followers to use their minds, and blames on those who don't do so, for example those who follow a religion because of nothing other than being the religion of their ancestors (an illogical reason for embracing a religion or a belief). The problem occurs however when one thinks he could reach all truths independently without religion, because no matter how great our intellect is we are tiny and limited creatures.
It’s worth mentioning that Ibn Rushd not only wrote on philosophy, logic and medicine, he also wrote on Arabic grammar, jurisprudential principles (Usul al-Fiqh) and comparative Fiqh.
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi What about it? Are you another one of those pseudosalafis who misunderstands and have never even read Ghazali's work? Those who think he is attacking all of philosophy as opposed to a specific group of philosophers? Those who try to use this to push the narrative that Kalam is "deviant"? If not, then disregard. But I have seen this far too often.
@@snakejuce "What about it?" well what do you think? "Are you another one of those pseudosalafis" no. i'm ot even a muslim. "who misunderstands and have never even read Ghazali's work". no i've read it. do you think fire doesn't burn the cotton, but allah burns the cotton? "Those who think he is attacking all of philosophy as opposed to a specific group of philosophers?" no. that is why i asked about the GREEK philosophers. should i have said hellenistic? lol. anyway, are you for the implementation of sharia?
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi Like I said my brotha Michael, "if not, then disregard." I only say this because we have now seen this far too often on youtube comments where people who are ill-informed about Ghazali come and berate us about philosophy lol. Apologies for what I said, my intent wasn't to antagonize you. Implementation of Sharia? In what sense? Under an Islamic Khilafah rule of governance, of course it would be Sharia based. What's the issue? lol Except there isn't a khilafah system, and there are no "Muslim countries." All the modern-day borders of the current "countries" are merely reflective of their colonial past... They are nation-states... which by their very virtue are secular and incompatible with the Shariah. Also for us we don't try to squeeze in Islam as if it's some sort of inferior system, asking if it fits under a secular paradigm. The question we ask is, "Does the modern system fit under Islam?" That being said, we exist in nation-states. Each country has it's laws. Whether you're in the West or the East. It is incumbent upon the Muslim to follow the "Law of the Land" as outlined by the Shariah.
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi Yes. We prefer the Sharia that originated from our creator, and was expounded upon by his Messenger (Peace Be Upon Him). We have a rich tradition of legal framework, legal development, and even hypothetical laws. It's no surprise Napoleon stole from us when he needed something to base his continental code on. Nor do we have a need for a legal framework born out of the struggle between a growing bourgeois aristocracy and a weakening feudal Germanic kingship propped-up by the papacy. As for Al-Ghazali, he is one of many scholars who engaged in philosophical inquiry using theological principles, to analyze reality around us. He isn't a prophet and doesn't have esoteric knowledge. He's a deep thinker and he spelled out why he believed what he does. Someone like Hume would probably disagree with Al Ghazali because Hume was neither a Muslim nor did he believe in mu3jizaat (miracles). Al Ghazali also never linked his philosophy directly with his Aqeedah/Iman(religious belief) exemplified by his famous quote that it is sufficient to have belief like the old ladies i.e. none of the rigorous questioning and analysis of reality is necessary for salvation and worship - which is the ultimate purpose of life. If Allah commands, the fire will not burn the cotton, just as it didn't burn Abraham when his people tried to punish him. Everything happens because Allah permits it. This doesn't negate the idea that on some level we can interact with reality with the assumption of what we perceive as cause and effect. The Quran itself affirms that Allah has given everything Qadr (proportion/qualities) and that things generally happen to Allah's Sunnah (custom/norm) such as punishing those who rejected their prophet.
Assalumu Alaikum bro Paul, thank you for bringing on such an eminent Professor, Peter Adamson on your blogging vlog. Listening to his lecture has certainly enlightened me about the great Ibn Rushd, the great polymath of the golden period of Islamic era. Thank you both once again.
1:08:00 👀 can't wait, Peter! Wonderful episode, Paul! I'm a new subscriber of yours. But I've been an avid fan of Peter's History of Philosophy podcast for a while now, particularly his Islamic philosophy series. I love the way he articulates his thoughts.
The idea of there being one collective mind we all share is indeed very seductive brother Paul. I’m sure it features in a lot of works of fiction but it’s surreal to see it as a fully-developed philosophical position.
In future, we want to see something about Al-Tabari, he is known to have written the best Tafsir for the Quran. Tafsir Al-Tabari. Something about Bukhari as well! Jzk! ❤
Prof Peter forgot to mention that Maimonides not only was aware of Ibn Rushd, he even encouraged his own students to read Ibn Rushd. Jewish Encyclopedia entry on Averroes states the following: “In a letter to his favorite pupil, Joseph b. Judah Aḳnin, dated Cairo, 1190, Maimonides writes: "I have recently received Ibn Roshd's work upon Aristotle, besides the book, 'De Sensu et Sensito'; and I have read enough to perceive that he has hit the truth with great precision; but I lack the leisure now to make a study of it." A passage in a letter to Samuel Tibbon, 1199, in which he recommends Averroes' commentaries, is not quite clear.”
A great video once again. One minor thought I think important to mention regarding the relationship between Rushd and Ibn Taymiyya. Scholarship over the last century or so, in particular some of the recent works on Ibn Taymiya’s views on creation ex `nihilo and the eternity of creation use arguments made by Rushd, albeit in adapted form. And whilst Ibn Taymiyya was critical of Rushd in places, he also praised him as ‘being the closest of the Philosophers to Islam’.
Great contents and very informative. Thank you Prof. Adamson, and thank you brother Paul for this lively discussion. I tend to be on the scientific side, and the idea of one collective mind we all share is hard to grasp, unless the word "mind" change to knowledge (biology, physics, medicine, etc), that sentence becomes clear. Knowledge can be developed, discovered, taught, and learned. Mind could refer to physical neuron in the brain that store the knowledge and make sense of it.
Thank you both ! I would really like an episode about the reasons that led Islmaic rulers to go hard against Philosophy and science after the Abassids, and if that's not the case, the reasons behind the downfall of philosophy and science in the Islamic world
Ibn rushd is buried in Morocco … he was a great thinker and was actually once jailed in the inside the minaret of kotubia mosque in marrakesh … the day he was buried a huge kart filled with the books he wrote was following him in his burial ceremony just as they do to high officials in modern days …. As recorded in already centuries old Moroccan historians…. Ibn rush actual nationality is what is today Spain !
the best 1 hour spent viewing this episode......i would like to suggest to bring him to talk about the neoplatonic influance in the islamic theology...especially ibn Sina and Al ghazali
Think what you want about Ibn Rushd, he was nevertheless a dedicated polymath. It is narrated that after he reached puberty, he never stopped seeking knowledge except on two days. The day he got married and the day his father died. It’s also mentioned in the books of biography that he was very humble and generous.
سلام عليكم.. It became something Hidden Treasures Oceans of Fitrah Spirituality. Yet Simplicity and Grounded .. So Words Bayana is important to keep the Spiritual growth a way of Tazkia. More &more I See Islam is Perfect. 🤲. Dua'ing with different Taste and I am grateful for that . الحمد الله.. Philosophy with Adhab just Turns hearts and experience Drops ❤️ moments of Faith Eman.. Thanks ❣️
Very interesting review on Ibn Rushd and Philosophy in General. The claim of Ibn Rushd about intellect always being there but we can't remember, I would think he derived it from the Qur'an (and here I would interchange intellect as consciousness or the Soul as the distinction is very subjective) from the verse by interpretation when Allah gathered all the offspring of Adam from his (Adam aleihi salaam) loins and asked them "I am I not your Lord"?and They(we) said "yes" until the end of the verse. Here perhaps he used this to say our souls were present before our creation and we cant remember this event when we were asked to Affirm Allah's Lordship. My humble opinion and most Knowledgeable is Allah.
Islamic philosophy schools in history: Mu'tazilah, Asy'ariyyah, Maturidiyyah, Thahawiyyah, Zhahiriyyah, and Ihwan al-Shafa. But later, there were 2 schools added; Masyriqi and Maghribi. Masyriqi's are Al Kindi, Shahrastani, Al Juwaini, Ibn Sina, and Al Ghazali, while Maghribi's are Ibn Rushd, Ibn Hazm, Asy Syatibi, and Ibn Khaldun. What an exciting discussion, Paul and Peter! I am a big fan of Peter's podcast; History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Love to be here. Sending big hug and peace from Jakarta. ❤
@@eveningdoubt5981 because he believed quran did not mention anything about universe created at one point according to him quran states that matter was eternally existing with God but after some time God gave shapes to matter
@@eveningdoubt5981 just because you have a biased view of islam being irrational and can't imagine a rationalist like ibn rushd be Muslim doesn't make it true
Of course he was a pious muslim, how else could he be a respected faqih and a qadi in his time ? From this perpective we have to look into his statements.
Ibn Rushd influenced Ibn Taymiyya far more than you might think, he quotes literal pages from his works to support his views and adopts his positions, albeit with some modification, as a way to combat Ibn Sina and the Ash'arites. He praised him as the closest philosopher to Islam (Majmūʿ al-fatāwā, 17:295). He also took many of his ideas indirectly through Jewish philosophers whom he also cites a lot. There's nothing particularly wrong with that. I'm just saying.
Salamualeikum Brother Paul. Your guest, Mr. Peter Adamson is teaching in a German university in München. I know how German accent sounds like, when speaking English. But Mr. Adamson sounds like a native speaker. Is he not German? His name looks not German. Adamson. Son of Adam is skandinavian, right? Just wondered about that. Very interesting again today. I read Platon's the state. There are written dialogs with Sokrates and other ppl, if I understood it right. The stile of speech was very new for me and I learned to use this tipe of stile while teaching. He is frasing his sentances as questions and compel the reader to think for themselfs and come to a conclusion themselves. When I came to that place where he said, that there can not be a just ruler, but only if he was chosen by God, I was sure that he meant someone like a prophet. It really blew my mind.
Think active intellect is at the human level whereas potential intellect what an active intellect can potentially be .. union is the word used by Ibn Rushd. In the Sufi tradition the potential union is called fanaa. Strictly from the Quranic perspective it goes to the original covenant with the humanity before it was created as we know it. We are told that covenant has been wiped from the human memory as are its first nine months of existence in the womb. ?encounter with the forgotten intellect. Any way great discussion.
Hi. Ibn Rushd, also known as Averroes, was a Muslim philosopher and scholar who was born and lived in Islamic Iberia, present day Andalusia, Spain during the 12th century. He made significant contributions to the fields of philosophy, law, medicine, and astronomy, and his works had a profound impact on European Renaissance thought. One of Ibn Rushd's most important contributions to philosophy was his commentary on Aristotle's works. He believed that reason and philosophy were compatible with Islamic faith and sought to reconcile the two. He also wrote extensively on the principles of logic, metaphysics, and ethics. Ibn Rushd's legal contributions were also significant. He was a judge in Seville and wrote several works on Islamic jurisprudence, including a commentary on the works of Malik ibn Anas, one of the most important jurists in Islamic history. In the field of medicine, Ibn Rushd wrote several works on anatomy, pharmacology, and medical ethics. He also translated and commented on the works of ancient Greek physicians such as Galen and Hippocrates. Ibn Rushd's contributions to the field of astronomy include his work on the Islamic calendar and his observations of the planets and stars. Overall, Ibn Rushd's contributions to humanity and the academic field are significant and enduring. His work helped to bridge the gap between Islamic and Christian European thought and his ideas continue to be studied and debated today.
In order to properly understand and judge the writings of the philosophers, we need to understand what Allah has said about these things. It’s a bit of a waste of time otherwise. They may have got things wrong. And although they may give some insight into reality that we’ve never thought of, the lens they are viewing it through isn’t what Allah has told us in the Quran and therefore the conclusion must be wrong
Al-Ghazali isn’t the only person Ibn Rushd wrote against. Ibn Rushd hated Ash’arite theologians in general. He even wrote a refutation of al-Juwayni (al-Ghazali’s teacher) in a book called al-Kashf
Ghazali and Ibn-e-Rushd are the greatest Islamic philosophers and theologian! Both are comparable to Christian Saint Augustine and Saint Aquinas and Hebrew Maimonides and Saadia Gaon.
I had never heard of Ghazali and Ibn-e-Rushd. I'm not Muslim but I appreciate your statement that "both are comparable to Christian Saint Augustine and Saint Aquinas..." Very interesting. Appreciate your comments. Peace to you from Florida
Whats more interesting is that both Ibn Rush (Averroes) and Saint Augustine were of North African Amazigh descent. Ibn Rush was born in Cordoba, Spain in 1126, but his family was originally from present day Morocco, while Saint Augustine was born in the Roman province of Numidia, which is now modern-day Algeria, and he was also of Amazigh descent. The Amazigh are the indigenous people, next to the Coptic Egyptians (where Saadia Gaons family originally came from), of North Africa. Maimonides' family originally came from Cordoba, Spain. They were a family of scholars and were well-respected in the Jewish community. However, due to the persecution of Jews in Spain during the 12th century, the family was forced to flee and settled in Fez, Morocco.
????? free thinking? Salafists???? what are you saying, man. Ibn Rushd was no more a free thinker than the other scholars mentioned in this podcast were salafis. Salafiya is a modern movement that is not more than 60 years old.
i have been attempting to understand Quran & Hadith & their different interpretation by early & late Scholars of Islam # but my interest in early & late Islamic philosophers is extremely low # 🇵🇰
@@arbitrarium7336 In matters of faith, yes he was infallible, just like all the prophets before him. Not in other matters of life, Quran itself record his mistake of neglecting the blind man. Mistakes of Job and Moses are also told.
Ibn Rochd was Moroccan probably Amazighan muslim Ibn Rochd thinking was more Amazighans than Arab as Jewish too Most Jews came from Morocco 🇲🇦 to Audalusia mixed with Amazighans Us Amazighans we fight Islam for over 65 years , we adopted Islam but some were Catholics some were Jews like Moussa Al Maymoun professeur in médecin add to that all ex Spaniards Jews were mixed all together to Sepharades Amazighans catholiques muslims & Jews we respect our women as men Arabs not Reason we throw them out & kept their religion & made it our way of living That’s why us we call them arabs & us west or Maghreb Or Al Gherb the west
AL Gharb is also the south of 🇵🇹 Portugal. I think there were already jews in Spain before it became Al Andaluz. Btw, I read that he denoted the North Africans as Albarbar, barbarians. Dont know if that is true though
@@schorpioen7466 yes there was all time a certain connection entre le Maroc 🇲🇦 et la péninsule Ibérique ce temp le Portugal 🇵🇹 n’existait pas Certains qu’ils y’avait des juifs Sepharades qui veut les juifs de l’Europe du sud Après l’arrivée des marocains par Gibraltar 🇬🇮 qui porte le nom de Tarik Les maures ( les marocains berbères et juifs ) ont nettoyé l’Espagne des Vandales , les Visigothset par la suite les vikings. L’Espagne pacifiée rayonnante dans l’Europe a rassemblé les juifs d’Europe Les chrétiens et les musulmans pour faire de l’Espagne une grande civilisation où se ressemblent les savants du monde entier Progrès dans l’agriculture comme l’irrigation et la création des heurtas de Murcia planter le Riz et toutes autres fruits et légumes,les palmiers Córdoba devient le centre des savants du monde entier Tout reste debout aujourd’hui L’architecture les routes tout était marocain Les arabes ont cherché leur décadence dans les divisions Les guerres les émirats les sultanats etc la belle vie Philippine d’Aragon et Isabella de Gastille ont fait appel au royaume du Portugal 🇵🇹 pour Écraser les derniers musulmans à las Navajos de Tolosa en 1492 et on peut lire sur cet endroit écrit sur la roche ici le dernier moorish a rendu son dernier souffle de vie Aussi cette année le Portugal 🇵🇹 est né comme indépendant got it Ciao
@@lakbirsbaihi6201 bad people use bad language. Your account is false. Yes, the backbone of North Africa is Amazigh. Arab men married Amazigh women no doubt. Amazigh also willingly and deliberately arabized. It was a pre-islamic amazigh custom to adopt the customs of those that defeated them in battle amongst many Amazigh tribe. A lot of Amazigh invented themselves Arab origin. Of course, not all Amazigh are the same. There are fundamental differences in terms of language, customs, physiology, culture, music, legends and gastronomy. We recognize Amazigh nationalist fanatics by how crude and vulgar they are. How unsophisticated and down right wrong their take on history is and of course for their profound unfounded hate of Arabs and Muslims. Arab oppression of the Imazighen is a myth put forward by Nationalists that mimic western thought. Their tribalism is just modern jahiliya. You are a perfect example of that.
Jazakhallah Khairun Brother Paul, I love the fact you're highlighting the Muslim intellectual contributions, as a fellow book lover my wallet cries every time you advertise a book XD. However, I've got some thoughts that might be of some interest inshallah. First on Aquinas and Aristotle. It should be noted that the beliefs of Aristotle are not wholly relevant to Aristotelianism. What do I mean by this? As the Thomists and the order of Dominican friars explain it, to hold to a form of Aristotelianism is not to hold to Aristotle's own application and conclusions using Aristotelianism commitments. The basic commitments are as follows: 1- Hylermorphism, or Matter and Form 2- The 4 causes, early moderns like Descartes and Hobbes held to only two. Almost any philosopher will either hold all 4 or just two following the early contemporary tradition. 3- Real Essences. 4- Act and Potency Distinction. Now from those positions can stem different conclusions, for example Prof. David Oderberg, Thomist, argues for causal finitism and a beginning point of the universe, you can find Oderberg's work and more here. www.davidsoderberg.co.uk/home/articles Prof. Robert Koons, an ex Lutheran now Catholic Thomist, has contributed enormous body of work that benefits kalam and contingency style arguments. Here is a link to his work. robkoons.net/index.html# Prof. Alexander Pruss provided us with the grim reaper paradox and is a big advocate for causal finitism, also an Aristotelian ( a Leibnizian version of it ) as well as a philosophically rich blog. Both links to blog and video where he provides the arguments. alexanderpruss.blogspot.com/ th-cam.com/video/zhsFPg3KH84/w-d-xo.html Bonus, he gives an argument for causal finitism here as well, responding to a possible objection. alexanderpruss.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-paradox-of-jolly-givers.html Edward Feser, in his 5 proofs of God provides 5 arguments for God's existence. He too boasts an extremely philosophically rich blog post edwardfeser.blogspot.com/ www.amazon.com/Five-Proofs-Existence-Edward-Feser/dp/1621641333/ref=pd_sim_14_2?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=JBGA9F0R86NCQBXMT2ZJ Now what's the takeaway from this? That Aristotelianism is flexible when you consider the metaphysical commitments regardless of Aristotle's own beliefs and applications to the system. Also, Scholasticism never died out, nor is it barely alive, it's alive and well and the aforementioned scholars are only but a few of a large list of Thomistic geniuses. Like Prof. Eleanor Stump and Brian Davies, just to name a few. And finally just a small correction on Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiayyah, not only did he know him but even utilized some of his arguments against the Ashari Theologian and Philosopher Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi. Here is the paper: www.academia.edu/37824592/_Ibn_Taymiyya_s_Use_of_Ibn_Rushd_to_Refute_the_Incorporealism_of_Fakhr_al_Din_al_Razi_in_Islamic_Philosophy_from_the_12th_to_the_14th_Century_ed_Abdelkader_al_Ghouz_Bonn_University_Press_V_and_R_unipress_2018_469_491 Plus from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Ibn Rushd. This harkons to what Prof. Peter said towards the end but in more detail. " Ibn Rushd is often described as a philosopher who failed to attract the attention of his first audience, resulting in the death of his philosophy at the hands of its intended Islamic readers, a state of affairs that is said to have continued until its revival in the ideological debates of the Arab Renaissance (nahḍa) (Kügelgen 1994, al-Jābirī 1998). To be sure, Ibn Rushd’s influence in Muslim contexts cannot compare to the overwhelming influence of Ibn Sīnā, nor even to Ibn Rushd’s own influence in Europe. Still, the commonly heard claim that he had no influence on Islamic thought is false. First, recent scholarship has shown that Ibn Rushd had successors. Ben Sharīfa (1999) identifies 39 direct disciples of Ibn Rushd, most of whom were faithful, and some of whom continued his work in philosophy and related sciences. Second, after Ibn Rushd’s death, his works were hardly ignored by the leading scholars in Andalusia and Morocco. Theologians, mathematicians, sufīs, historians, physicians, philosophers and literary figures used Ibn Rushd’s works extensively. In medicine and logic, his influence on Ibn Ṭumlūs has recently become apparent (Ibn Ṭumlūs 2020; Ben Ahmed 2016, 2017, 2019c, 2020a). His influence also extended to Ashʿarite theology, as when Abū al-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf al-Miklātī quoted Ibn Rushd’s epitome on the Metaphysics and the Incoherence of the Incoherence to refute the philosophers (Ḥamdān 2005). The same can be said of certain Maghrebi mathematicians who benefited from the conceptual arsenal provided by Ibn Rushd’s philosophical writings. In this context, one can cite the example of Ibn Haydūr al-Tādilī, who put forward the concept of “the one” (al-wāhid) as crystallized by Ibn Rushd (Ibn Haydūr 2018). Ibn Ṭumlūs, al-Miklāti, Ibn ʿAmīra al-Makhzūmī, and Ibn Haydūr, among others, appropriate Ibn Rushd’s philosophical analysis without naming him, whereas Ibn Sabʿīn on occasion uses Ibn Rushd’s writings without name even while in other places he criticizes him by name-thus complicating the task of identifying the texts used. Some of these texts, in particular in jurisprudence and religion, were part of the curriculum in Andalusia until its fall (Ben Sharīfa 1999; Akasoy 2008; Ben Ahmed 2019b). Indeed, in Muslim contexts, some of Ibn Rushd’s works have been in constant use from the latter’s lifetime until today. They formed part of the training of scholars such as Ibn al-Tilimsānī and Ibn Khaldūn, as well as part of the curriculum of important teachers such as Abū ʿAbd al-Lāh al-Ābilī (Ibn al-Khaṭīb 1975, iii: 507; Ibn Khaldūn 2004). Third, evidence has emerged that some of Ibn Rushd’s books were transmitted east, to Egypt and the Levant, and used by philosophers and scholars there. In addition to copies of the Kashf and the Incoherence found in Turkey, Egypt, and India, and the testimony of Maimonides, who from Egypt was able to acquire most of Ibn Rushd’s commentaries (Davidson 2005, 108-10), we can identify the spread of Ibn Rushd’s ideas among some philosophers, as is the case with the theory of the unity of truth adopted by Abd al-Latīf al-Baghdādī (Ben Ahmed 2019a). Moreover, some of Ibn Rushd’s philosophical and metaphysical positions concerning causality and location were adopted by thinkers who were generally regarded as enemies of philosophical and rational thought, as is the case with Ibn Taymiyya, who made extensive and explicit use of Ibn Rushd’s texts and adopted some of his positions in his crystallization of his conception of the history of philosophy and kalām (Ben Ahmed 2019b, 2020b, 2020d; Hoover 2018). Fourth, we now also have evidence that Ibn Rushd’s texts reached Iran in the sixteenth century and became widely known to scholars in the seventeenth century. The catalogues indicate that dozens of them were transcribed during this time. The large number of copies reflects another phenomenon that we should not continue to ignore: the demand for the teaching of these books and their use by students and teachers in madrasas in Safavid Iran. Some thinkers and philosophers used them in their debates and teaching. Suffice it to mention here Abd al-Razzāq al-Lāhījī, Mullah Rajab ʿAlī Tabrīzī, and Muḥammad Ṭāhir Waḥīd al-Zamān Qazwīnī (Endress 1999, 2001, 2006; Pourjavady and Schmidtke, 2015; Ben Ahmed forthcoming)." plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-rushd/#Arab For those who wish further reading, I refer you to the entry.
Attended to this talk en route back home from I'sha into the bed down here in India-occupied Kashmir.
Thank you, each!
May Allah protect and free the muslims of Kashmir
Ibn Rushd was a great jurist and philosopher but he had major interest in mysticism . Father of the greatest mystic of the time, Ibn Arabi, was a good friend of Ibn Rushd. So when Ibn Rushd heard about Ibn Arabi's experiences , he wanted to meet him. Following is the encounter narrated by Ibn Arabi . (From, The Sufi Path of Knowledge by William Chittick).
Ibn Rushd was eager to meet me, because of what he had heard and what had reached him concerning what God had opened up for me in my retreat....I was still a youth. My face had not yet put forth a beard, and my mustache had not yet grown.When I entered in upon him, he stood up in his place out of love and respect. He embraced me and said,"Yes." I said, "Yes". His joy increased because I had understood him. Then I realized why he had rejoiced at that, so I said, "No". His joy disappeared and his color changed, and he doubted what he possessed in himself.
He said, "How did you find the situation in unveiling and divine effusion? Is it what rational considerations give to us.?"
I replied, "Yes and no.Between the yes and the no spirits fly from their matter and heads from their bodies." His color turned pale and he began to tremble. He sat reciting, "There is no power and no strength but in God," since he had understood my allusion.
After that, he sought my father to meet in order to present to me what he himself had understood: He wanted to know if it conformed with or was different from what I had. He was one of the great masters of reflection and rational consideration. He thanked God that in his own time had seen someone who had entered into the retreat ignorant and had come out like this----- without study, discussion,investigation, or reading. He said,"This is a state that we had confirmed rationally , but we had never seen anyone who possessed it. Praise belongs to God, that I should live in the time of one of its possessors, those who have opened the locks upon its doors. Praise belongs to God, who singled me out to see him."
SubhanAllah!
Growing up, I’ve always heard my father (may Allah have mercy on his soul) mention Ibn Rushd. I have a book about his works that I’m currently reading and a video like this would be a great supplement. Thank you for creating this video.
One of the most under appreciated philosophers among the Muslims.
Ibn rush the brilliant moroccan Amazigh whose contribution made europe a secular and wealthy continent
@@Haridy1980he was a Amazigh law kariha al kafirun.
I dont fall for the ignorance and kufr we call arabism
@@Mauri7782Mr. Mauri, I love Amazigh and all people. Can you please refrain from takfeer ?
@@Mauri7782lmaooo he wasn't berber. He said in Fasil Al maqal( and we hate berbers as they hate us)
@@phoenixk4328 Tf ?
@@abuqadr629 He said (Enmity and hatred are towards the race, so that we hate the Berbers and they hate us) in Talkhis Al Kittaba
I just wanna know who goes out of their way to dislike these videos... I cannot find the words to articulate my gratitude for this sadaqah that Allah has granted you to bestow upon us brother Paul. May Allah bless you and all those you hold dear in shaa Allah.
Salafists 😅
Thanks Paul, could you please make prof peter adamson a regular monthly guest with his islamic philosophers series
I second that 👌
I'll third that! Great work Paul, Peter.
Thank you for this video, as someone who is very interested in Islamic philosophy I find such episodes very helpful. Professor Adamson seems to be quite knowledgeable and a true gentleman, I wish to see more episodes with him.
Brother id recommend avoiding philosophy, especially stuff about god, or you'll just be confused and un knowingly do innovation, which the prophet himself described as going astray. Focus on your aqeedah or gaining Islamic knowledge first. Philosophy as a whole isn't haram btw, just the speculative theology that deals with god, his attributes and existence is. Proving god from mental evidences is okay but most of the times it either takes alot of time and dosent prove islam and/or ends up having an element of innovation to it.
I see nothing wrong with philosophy in general and a religious philosophy in particular. Philosophy itself comes from two Greek words, "philos" which means "love" and "sophia" which means "wisdom". So taking the words together, Philosophy is simply the love of wisdom.
I'm not Muslim but I do believe that Islam teaches that God ( Allah ) is all-knowing and God Himself is "Wisdom". Therefore the study of Philosophy is a desire to love God Himself.
I'm open to correction if wrong. I'm a simple Christian believer.
Peace to all Muslims...
@@johnbrzykcy3076 to summarize my point: if you look at the Islam and it's concept of god and other things related to creed through the lens of philosophy, most likely you will end up being confused and get something wrong.
That's why it's important to avoid speculative theology, and not study it, unless to disprove those who use it, and do that only after you are firm in your creed(aqeedah).
If you want to study theology then study it in the lens of the Quran and Sunnah. Not Aristotle or others, or you might get something wrong basically. Look at philosophy within the lens of the Quran and Sunnah. Is that understandable?
@@Noobmaster-cz8je Different bodies need different diets, and so are minds; some people like rhetoric and others like logic, I'm from that latter category. Quran has both rhetoric and logical arguments in it, so using logical arguments (premises leading to conclusions) are not alien to Islam.
Philosophy isn't being fascinated by a certain philosopher to the degree of following everything he says, nor do philosophers claim to be infallible, a true student of Philosophy is someone who learn it in order to have his own views of the world based on logical thinking. So if someone learns philosophy in a dogmatic way then such a person doesn't know what the true goal of what he's learning is.
Also philosophy shows different ways of thinking and enriches one's mind by knowing the spectrum of ideas about different subjects.
That said, I do learn Islam not just philosophy, and no matter how much a Muslim likes or dislikes philosophy he will have to get engaged in it if he wants to become a respectable scholar in Islamic creed (Aqeeda), especially if he wants to debate non-Muslims.
@@johnbrzykcy3076 I agree with you Sir. Islam does teach its followers to use their minds, and blames on those who don't do so, for example those who follow a religion because of nothing other than being the religion of their ancestors (an illogical reason for embracing a religion or a belief). The problem occurs however when one thinks he could reach all truths independently without religion, because no matter how great our intellect is we are tiny and limited creatures.
Just to add... his grandfather going by the same name of ibn Rushd was one of the great maliki scholars in jurisprudence
It’s worth mentioning that Ibn Rushd not only wrote on philosophy, logic and medicine, he also wrote on Arabic grammar, jurisprudential principles (Usul al-Fiqh) and comparative Fiqh.
so what do you think of al ghazali's take on greek philosophy?
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi What about it? Are you another one of those pseudosalafis who misunderstands and have never even read Ghazali's work?
Those who think he is attacking all of philosophy as opposed to a specific group of philosophers? Those who try to use this to push the narrative that Kalam is "deviant"?
If not, then disregard. But I have seen this far too often.
@@snakejuce "What about it?" well what do you think?
"Are you another one of those pseudosalafis" no. i'm ot even a muslim.
"who misunderstands and have never even read Ghazali's work". no i've read it. do you think fire doesn't burn the cotton, but allah burns the cotton?
"Those who think he is attacking all of philosophy as opposed to a specific group of philosophers?" no. that is why i asked about the GREEK philosophers. should i have said hellenistic? lol.
anyway, are you for the implementation of sharia?
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi Like I said my brotha Michael, "if not, then disregard."
I only say this because we have now seen this far too often on youtube comments where people who are ill-informed about Ghazali come and berate us about philosophy lol.
Apologies for what I said, my intent wasn't to antagonize you.
Implementation of Sharia? In what sense? Under an Islamic Khilafah rule of governance, of course it would be Sharia based. What's the issue? lol
Except there isn't a khilafah system, and there are no "Muslim countries."
All the modern-day borders of the current "countries" are merely reflective of their colonial past...
They are nation-states... which by their very virtue are secular and incompatible with the Shariah.
Also for us we don't try to squeeze in Islam as if it's some sort of inferior system, asking if it fits under a secular paradigm.
The question we ask is, "Does the modern system fit under Islam?"
That being said, we exist in nation-states. Each country has it's laws. Whether you're in the West or the East. It is incumbent upon the Muslim to follow the "Law of the Land" as outlined by the Shariah.
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi Yes. We prefer the Sharia that originated from our creator, and was expounded upon by his Messenger (Peace Be Upon Him). We have a rich tradition of legal framework, legal development, and even hypothetical laws. It's no surprise Napoleon stole from us when he needed something to base his continental code on. Nor do we have a need for a legal framework born out of the struggle between a growing bourgeois aristocracy and a weakening feudal Germanic kingship propped-up by the papacy.
As for Al-Ghazali, he is one of many scholars who engaged in philosophical inquiry using theological principles, to analyze reality around us. He isn't a prophet and doesn't have esoteric knowledge. He's a deep thinker and he spelled out why he believed what he does. Someone like Hume would probably disagree with Al Ghazali because Hume was neither a Muslim nor did he believe in mu3jizaat (miracles). Al Ghazali also never linked his philosophy directly with his Aqeedah/Iman(religious belief) exemplified by his famous quote that it is sufficient to have belief like the old ladies i.e. none of the rigorous questioning and analysis of reality is necessary for salvation and worship - which is the ultimate purpose of life.
If Allah commands, the fire will not burn the cotton, just as it didn't burn Abraham when his people tried to punish him. Everything happens because Allah permits it. This doesn't negate the idea that on some level we can interact with reality with the assumption of what we perceive as cause and effect. The Quran itself affirms that Allah has given everything Qadr (proportion/qualities) and that things generally happen to Allah's Sunnah (custom/norm) such as punishing those who rejected their prophet.
Wonderful! Do one with Peter Adamson on Fakhruddin ar-Razi.
Brother Paul is on fire with this content. Allah bless you endlessly Paul.
May Almighty Allah Bless you and Reqard you Best in this Life and in the Hereafter.
Been listening to his podcast for over a decade now.
Assalumu Alaikum bro Paul, thank you for bringing on such an eminent Professor, Peter Adamson on your blogging vlog. Listening to his lecture has certainly enlightened me about the great Ibn Rushd, the great polymath of the golden period of Islamic era. Thank you both once again.
1:08:00 👀 can't wait, Peter! Wonderful episode, Paul! I'm a new subscriber of yours. But I've been an avid fan of Peter's History of Philosophy podcast for a while now, particularly his Islamic philosophy series. I love the way he articulates his thoughts.
Thanks Paul. Mr. Peter is very soft spoken.
The idea of there being one collective mind we all share is indeed very seductive brother Paul.
I’m sure it features in a lot of works of fiction but it’s surreal to see it as a fully-developed philosophical position.
In future, we want to see something about Al-Tabari, he is known to have written the best Tafsir for the Quran. Tafsir Al-Tabari.
Something about Bukhari as well!
Jzk! ❤
Prof Peter forgot to mention that Maimonides not only was aware of Ibn Rushd, he even encouraged his own students to read Ibn Rushd.
Jewish Encyclopedia entry on Averroes states the following:
“In a letter to his favorite pupil, Joseph b. Judah Aḳnin, dated Cairo, 1190, Maimonides writes: "I have recently received Ibn Roshd's work upon Aristotle, besides the book, 'De Sensu et Sensito'; and I have read enough to perceive that he has hit the truth with great precision; but I lack the leisure now to make a study of it." A passage in a letter to Samuel Tibbon, 1199, in which he recommends Averroes' commentaries, is not quite clear.”
Aristotle was the teacher and Ibn Rushd the commentator
- Thomas Aquinas
A great video once again. One minor thought I think important to mention regarding the relationship between Rushd and Ibn Taymiyya. Scholarship over the last century or so, in particular some of the recent works on Ibn Taymiya’s views on creation ex `nihilo and the eternity of creation use arguments made by Rushd, albeit in adapted form. And whilst Ibn Taymiyya was critical of Rushd in places, he also praised him as ‘being the closest of the Philosophers to Islam’.
Alhamdoulilah for my country morocco 🇲🇦 for its contribution to islam
Alhumdullilah. Agreed.
Great contents and very informative. Thank you Prof. Adamson, and thank you brother Paul for this lively discussion. I tend to be on the scientific side, and the idea of one collective mind we all share is hard to grasp, unless the word "mind" change to knowledge (biology, physics, medicine, etc), that sentence becomes clear. Knowledge can be developed, discovered, taught, and learned. Mind could refer to physical neuron in the brain that store the knowledge and make sense of it.
Bro Paul please keep up the great work and keep bringing us these greats mind to light
Thank you both ! I would really like an episode about the reasons that led Islmaic rulers to go hard against Philosophy and science after the Abassids, and if that's not the case, the reasons behind the downfall of philosophy and science in the Islamic world
Ibn rushd is buried in Morocco … he was a great thinker and was actually once jailed in the inside the minaret of kotubia mosque in marrakesh … the day he was buried a huge kart filled with the books he wrote was following him in his burial ceremony just as they do to high officials in modern days …. As recorded in already centuries old Moroccan historians…. Ibn rush actual nationality is what is today Spain !
the best 1 hour spent viewing this episode......i would like to suggest to bring him to talk about the neoplatonic influance in the islamic theology...especially ibn Sina and Al ghazali
Thank you for interesting information. I am really enjoying learning from your videos and presentations.
Think what you want about Ibn Rushd, he was nevertheless a dedicated polymath.
It is narrated that after he reached puberty, he never stopped seeking knowledge except on two days. The day he got married and the day his father died.
It’s also mentioned in the books of biography that he was very humble and generous.
Which books of biography? Id love to read more
@@muathk100 The most well-known is Siyar A’lam al-Nubala
Would be great to have session on Avicenna, Ibn Arabi, avempace etc
سلام عليكم..
It became something Hidden Treasures Oceans of Fitrah Spirituality.
Yet Simplicity and Grounded ..
So Words Bayana is important to keep the Spiritual growth a way of Tazkia.
More &more I See Islam is Perfect.
🤲.
Dua'ing with different Taste and I am grateful for that .
الحمد الله..
Philosophy with Adhab just Turns hearts and experience Drops ❤️ moments of Faith Eman..
Thanks ❣️
honestly, I did not understand some of them and I want to hear them again. But it is one the most beautiful dialogues I have heard. Thanks to all
I understand only some of them😊
Very interesting review on Ibn Rushd and Philosophy in General. The claim of Ibn Rushd about intellect always being there but we can't remember, I would think he derived it from the Qur'an (and here I would interchange intellect as consciousness or the Soul as the distinction is very subjective) from the verse by interpretation when Allah gathered all the offspring of Adam from his (Adam aleihi salaam) loins and asked them "I am I not your Lord"?and They(we) said "yes" until the end of the verse. Here perhaps he used this to say our souls were present before our creation and we cant remember this event when we were asked to Affirm Allah's Lordship. My humble opinion and most Knowledgeable is Allah.
Islamic philosophy schools in history: Mu'tazilah, Asy'ariyyah, Maturidiyyah, Thahawiyyah, Zhahiriyyah, and Ihwan al-Shafa. But later, there were 2 schools added; Masyriqi and Maghribi. Masyriqi's are Al Kindi, Shahrastani, Al Juwaini, Ibn Sina, and Al Ghazali, while Maghribi's are Ibn Rushd, Ibn Hazm, Asy Syatibi, and Ibn Khaldun. What an exciting discussion, Paul and Peter! I am a big fan of Peter's podcast; History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. Love to be here. Sending big hug and peace from Jakarta. ❤
Super schöner Beitrag 💚 danke
That was so interesting.
Ibn rushd champion of reason and a devoted muslim
Not sure about that. He believed the universe is eternal. How is he a devoted muslim?
@@eveningdoubt5981 because he believed quran did not mention anything about universe created at one point according to him quran states that matter was eternally existing with God but after some time God gave shapes to matter
@@eveningdoubt5981 here is video explaining it perfectly th-cam.com/video/OY2Bg-nYyTg/w-d-xo.html
@@eveningdoubt5981 just because you have a biased view of islam being irrational and can't imagine a rationalist like ibn rushd be Muslim doesn't make it true
Of course he was a pious muslim, how else could he be a respected faqih and a qadi in his time ?
From this perpective we have to look into his statements.
Thanks for video keep going 🤠 greeting from Morocco
Great work !!
Would like to see more proff Peter with you....
Ibn Rushd influenced Ibn Taymiyya far more than you might think, he quotes literal pages from his works to support his views and adopts his positions, albeit with some modification, as a way to combat Ibn Sina and the Ash'arites. He praised him as the closest philosopher to Islam (Majmūʿ al-fatāwā, 17:295). He also took many of his ideas indirectly through Jewish philosophers whom he also cites a lot. There's nothing particularly wrong with that. I'm just saying.
Ibn Taymiyyah took from Jews? Can you bring some evidence for this claim?
)
Can you link me the fatwa? I am unable to find it.
Thank you
Simply brilliant
thank you
You're welcome
Human kind thanks to Ibn Rushd for contributing to the philosophy...
Can you do an episode or two on Arungzeb? Many thanks!
Alhamdulilah
can you walk us through your library !
Salamualeikum Brother Paul. Your guest, Mr. Peter Adamson is teaching in a German university in München. I know how German accent sounds like, when speaking English. But Mr. Adamson sounds like a native speaker. Is he not German? His name looks not German. Adamson. Son of Adam is skandinavian, right? Just wondered about that.
Very interesting again today. I read Platon's the state. There are written dialogs with Sokrates and other ppl, if I understood it right. The stile of speech was very new for me and I learned to use this tipe of stile while teaching. He is frasing his sentances as questions and compel the reader to think for themselfs and come to a conclusion themselves.
When I came to that place where he said, that there can not be a just ruler, but only if he was chosen by God, I was sure that he meant someone like a prophet. It really blew my mind.
Dr Adamson is an American living in Germany
@@BloggingTheology oh ok, now I get it. Thanks for Answer. May Allah bless you and give you long life and good health. Amin
Think active intellect is at the human level whereas potential intellect what an active intellect can potentially be .. union is the word used by Ibn Rushd. In the Sufi tradition the potential union is called fanaa. Strictly from the Quranic perspective it goes to the original covenant with the humanity before it was created as we know it. We are told that covenant has been wiped from the human memory as are its first nine months of existence in the womb. ?encounter with the forgotten intellect. Any way great discussion.
SubhanAllah!
❤ i love u paul
And on ‘fatawa alamgiri’
does Dr Peter mean that ibn Rushd ' philosophy is not influenced by Islam? It's a strange thing if it is the case
Hi what did ibn rush do for humanity and the academic field
Hi. Ibn Rushd, also known as Averroes, was a Muslim philosopher and scholar who was born and lived in Islamic Iberia, present day Andalusia, Spain during the 12th century. He made significant contributions to the fields of philosophy, law, medicine, and astronomy, and his works had a profound impact on European Renaissance thought.
One of Ibn Rushd's most important contributions to philosophy was his commentary on Aristotle's works. He believed that reason and philosophy were compatible with Islamic faith and sought to reconcile the two. He also wrote extensively on the principles of logic, metaphysics, and ethics.
Ibn Rushd's legal contributions were also significant. He was a judge in Seville and wrote several works on Islamic jurisprudence, including a commentary on the works of Malik ibn Anas, one of the most important jurists in Islamic history.
In the field of medicine, Ibn Rushd wrote several works on anatomy, pharmacology, and medical ethics. He also translated and commented on the works of ancient Greek physicians such as Galen and Hippocrates.
Ibn Rushd's contributions to the field of astronomy include his work on the Islamic calendar and his observations of the planets and stars.
Overall, Ibn Rushd's contributions to humanity and the academic field are significant and enduring. His work helped to bridge the gap between Islamic and Christian European thought and his ideas continue to be studied and debated today.
Brother Paul made a video about your family
In order to properly understand and judge the writings of the philosophers, we need to understand what Allah has said about these things. It’s a bit of a waste of time otherwise. They may have got things wrong. And although they may give some insight into reality that we’ve never thought of, the lens they are viewing it through isn’t what Allah has told us in the Quran and therefore the conclusion must be wrong
How tf hell do you go from Ibn rushd to Averroes????
Assalamu alaikum sir. From Kashmir. Iam waiting for your reply on twitter. Please
5:17
Salam guys.
This was so interesting but the addssss omg im leaving before i smash my device
Al-Ghazali isn’t the only person Ibn Rushd wrote against. Ibn Rushd hated Ash’arite theologians in general.
He even wrote a refutation of al-Juwayni (al-Ghazali’s teacher) in a book called al-Kashf
so was al ghazali wrong?
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zinope
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2ziNo.
Al Ghazali is known in the Ummah as "The proof of Islam"
@@michaelmalzahn-tx2zi Both of them were misguided.
@@kay1057 yea, from way to hell where the wahhabi kafirs will end up.
نريد ترجمه الفيديو بالعربي
🎉
Ghazali and Ibn-e-Rushd are the greatest Islamic philosophers and theologian! Both are comparable to Christian Saint Augustine and Saint Aquinas and Hebrew Maimonides and Saadia Gaon.
Dont present your opinions as facts
I had never heard of Ghazali and Ibn-e-Rushd. I'm not Muslim but I appreciate your statement that "both are comparable to Christian Saint Augustine and Saint Aquinas..." Very interesting. Appreciate your comments. Peace to you from Florida
Whats more interesting is that both Ibn Rush (Averroes) and Saint Augustine were of North African Amazigh descent. Ibn Rush was born in Cordoba, Spain in 1126, but his family was originally from present day Morocco, while Saint Augustine was born in the Roman province of Numidia, which is now modern-day Algeria, and he was also of Amazigh descent. The Amazigh are the indigenous people, next to the Coptic Egyptians (where Saadia Gaons family originally came from), of North Africa. Maimonides' family originally came from Cordoba, Spain. They were a family of scholars and were well-respected in the Jewish community. However, due to the persecution of Jews in Spain during the 12th century, the family was forced to flee and settled in Fez, Morocco.
@@MariaNI-yf1bz
Thanks for the info. North African civilization has produced such great scholars of abrahmic tradition.
Finally some free thinking muslim philosophers
We are sick of the Salafism you constantly talk about
????? free thinking? Salafists???? what are you saying, man. Ibn Rushd was no more a free thinker than the other scholars mentioned in this podcast were salafis. Salafiya is a modern movement that is not more than 60 years old.
❤️❤️❤️🌹🌹🌹🌹
i have been attempting to understand Quran & Hadith & their different interpretation by early & late Scholars of Islam # but my interest in early & late Islamic philosophers is extremely low # 🇵🇰
Was Ibn Rushd, Sh'ii or Sunni?
Sunni
Sorry but just too many adverts
1000 likes
ibn Rushd held that the universe was eternal and rejected the idea of contingency as advocated by imam Ghazali
so what? everyone can do mistakes
He was an Aristotelian
No one is infallible!
@@hassanmirza2392 Was Prophet Mohammed infallible ?
@@arbitrarium7336
In matters of faith, yes he was infallible, just like all the prophets before him. Not in other matters of life, Quran itself record his mistake of neglecting the blind man. Mistakes of Job and Moses are also told.
أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم
Cmon better than Russia!!!
Russiaaaa haha Damn Tuvalu
Ibn Rochd was Moroccan probably Amazighan muslim
Ibn Rochd thinking was more Amazighans than Arab as Jewish too
Most Jews came from Morocco 🇲🇦 to Audalusia mixed with Amazighans
Us Amazighans we fight Islam for over 65 years , we adopted Islam but some were Catholics some were Jews like Moussa Al Maymoun professeur in médecin add to that all ex Spaniards Jews were mixed all together to Sepharades
Amazighans catholiques muslims & Jews we respect our women as men
Arabs not
Reason we throw them out & kept their religion & made it our way of living
That’s why us we call them arabs & us west or Maghreb
Or Al Gherb the west
Amazigh nationalist fanatics are a shame to all of us. Not one thing you wrote is true.
@@karimb972 who the shit told so did you know from the h…l you comp from
Real Moroccan are Amazighans & Jews still today eBay you know about history
AL Gharb is also the south of 🇵🇹 Portugal. I think there were already jews in Spain before it became Al Andaluz.
Btw, I read that he denoted the North Africans as Albarbar, barbarians. Dont know if that is true though
@@schorpioen7466 yes there was all time a certain connection entre le Maroc 🇲🇦 et la péninsule Ibérique ce temp le Portugal 🇵🇹 n’existait pas
Certains qu’ils y’avait des juifs Sepharades qui veut les juifs de l’Europe du sud
Après l’arrivée des marocains par Gibraltar 🇬🇮 qui porte le nom de Tarik
Les maures ( les marocains berbères et juifs ) ont nettoyé l’Espagne des Vandales , les Visigothset par la suite les vikings.
L’Espagne pacifiée rayonnante dans l’Europe a rassemblé les juifs d’Europe
Les chrétiens et les musulmans pour faire de l’Espagne une grande civilisation où se ressemblent les savants du monde entier
Progrès dans l’agriculture comme l’irrigation et la création des heurtas de Murcia planter le Riz et toutes autres fruits et légumes,les palmiers
Córdoba devient le centre des savants du monde entier
Tout reste debout aujourd’hui
L’architecture les routes tout était marocain
Les arabes ont cherché leur décadence dans les divisions
Les guerres les émirats les sultanats etc la belle vie
Philippine d’Aragon et Isabella de Gastille ont fait appel au royaume du Portugal 🇵🇹 pour
Écraser les derniers musulmans à las Navajos de Tolosa en 1492 et on peut lire sur cet endroit écrit sur la roche ici le dernier moorish a rendu son dernier souffle de vie
Aussi cette année le Portugal 🇵🇹 est né comme indépendant got it
Ciao
@@lakbirsbaihi6201 bad people use bad language. Your account is false. Yes, the backbone of North Africa is Amazigh. Arab men married Amazigh women no doubt. Amazigh also willingly and deliberately arabized. It was a pre-islamic amazigh custom to adopt the customs of those that defeated them in battle amongst many Amazigh tribe. A lot of Amazigh invented themselves Arab origin. Of course, not all Amazigh are the same. There are fundamental differences in terms of language, customs, physiology, culture, music, legends and gastronomy. We recognize Amazigh nationalist fanatics by how crude and vulgar they are. How unsophisticated and down right wrong their take on history is and of course for their profound unfounded hate of Arabs and Muslims. Arab oppression of the Imazighen is a myth put forward by Nationalists that mimic western thought. Their tribalism is just modern jahiliya. You are a perfect example of that.
Jazakhallah Khairun Brother Paul, I love the fact you're highlighting the Muslim intellectual contributions, as a fellow book lover my wallet cries every time you advertise a book XD.
However, I've got some thoughts that might be of some interest inshallah.
First on Aquinas and Aristotle. It should be noted that the beliefs of Aristotle are not wholly relevant to Aristotelianism. What do I mean by this? As the Thomists and the order of Dominican friars explain it, to hold to a form of Aristotelianism is not to hold to Aristotle's own application and conclusions using Aristotelianism commitments. The basic commitments are as follows:
1- Hylermorphism, or Matter and Form
2- The 4 causes, early moderns like Descartes and Hobbes held to only two. Almost any philosopher will either hold all 4 or just two following the early contemporary tradition.
3- Real Essences.
4- Act and Potency Distinction.
Now from those positions can stem different conclusions, for example Prof. David Oderberg, Thomist, argues for causal finitism and a beginning point of the universe, you can find Oderberg's work and more here.
www.davidsoderberg.co.uk/home/articles
Prof. Robert Koons, an ex Lutheran now Catholic Thomist, has contributed enormous body of work that benefits kalam and contingency style arguments. Here is a link to his work.
robkoons.net/index.html#
Prof. Alexander Pruss provided us with the grim reaper paradox and is a big advocate for causal finitism, also an Aristotelian ( a Leibnizian version of it ) as well as a philosophically rich blog. Both links to blog and video where he provides the arguments.
alexanderpruss.blogspot.com/
th-cam.com/video/zhsFPg3KH84/w-d-xo.html
Bonus, he gives an argument for causal finitism here as well, responding to a possible objection.
alexanderpruss.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-paradox-of-jolly-givers.html
Edward Feser, in his 5 proofs of God provides 5 arguments for God's existence. He too boasts an extremely philosophically rich blog post
edwardfeser.blogspot.com/
www.amazon.com/Five-Proofs-Existence-Edward-Feser/dp/1621641333/ref=pd_sim_14_2?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=JBGA9F0R86NCQBXMT2ZJ
Now what's the takeaway from this? That Aristotelianism is flexible when you consider the metaphysical commitments regardless of Aristotle's own beliefs and applications to the system. Also, Scholasticism never died out, nor is it barely alive, it's alive and well and the aforementioned scholars are only but a few of a large list of Thomistic geniuses. Like Prof. Eleanor Stump and Brian Davies, just to name a few.
And finally just a small correction on Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiayyah, not only did he know him but even utilized some of his arguments against the Ashari Theologian and Philosopher Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi. Here is the paper:
www.academia.edu/37824592/_Ibn_Taymiyya_s_Use_of_Ibn_Rushd_to_Refute_the_Incorporealism_of_Fakhr_al_Din_al_Razi_in_Islamic_Philosophy_from_the_12th_to_the_14th_Century_ed_Abdelkader_al_Ghouz_Bonn_University_Press_V_and_R_unipress_2018_469_491
Plus from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Ibn Rushd. This harkons to what Prof. Peter said towards the end but in more detail.
" Ibn Rushd is often described as a philosopher who failed to attract the attention of his first audience, resulting in the death of his philosophy at the hands of its intended Islamic readers, a state of affairs that is said to have continued until its revival in the ideological debates of the Arab Renaissance (nahḍa) (Kügelgen 1994, al-Jābirī 1998). To be sure, Ibn Rushd’s influence in Muslim contexts cannot compare to the overwhelming influence of Ibn Sīnā, nor even to Ibn Rushd’s own influence in Europe. Still, the commonly heard claim that he had no influence on Islamic thought is false.
First, recent scholarship has shown that Ibn Rushd had successors. Ben Sharīfa (1999) identifies 39 direct disciples of Ibn Rushd, most of whom were faithful, and some of whom continued his work in philosophy and related sciences.
Second, after Ibn Rushd’s death, his works were hardly ignored by the leading scholars in Andalusia and Morocco. Theologians, mathematicians, sufīs, historians, physicians, philosophers and literary figures used Ibn Rushd’s works extensively. In medicine and logic, his influence on Ibn Ṭumlūs has recently become apparent (Ibn Ṭumlūs 2020; Ben Ahmed 2016, 2017, 2019c, 2020a). His influence also extended to Ashʿarite theology, as when Abū al-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf al-Miklātī quoted Ibn Rushd’s epitome on the Metaphysics and the Incoherence of the Incoherence to refute the philosophers (Ḥamdān 2005). The same can be said of certain Maghrebi mathematicians who benefited from the conceptual arsenal provided by Ibn Rushd’s philosophical writings. In this context, one can cite the example of Ibn Haydūr al-Tādilī, who put forward the concept of “the one” (al-wāhid) as crystallized by Ibn Rushd (Ibn Haydūr 2018). Ibn Ṭumlūs, al-Miklāti, Ibn ʿAmīra al-Makhzūmī, and Ibn Haydūr, among others, appropriate Ibn Rushd’s philosophical analysis without naming him, whereas Ibn Sabʿīn on occasion uses Ibn Rushd’s writings without name even while in other places he criticizes him by name-thus complicating the task of identifying the texts used. Some of these texts, in particular in jurisprudence and religion, were part of the curriculum in Andalusia until its fall (Ben Sharīfa 1999; Akasoy 2008; Ben Ahmed 2019b). Indeed, in Muslim contexts, some of Ibn Rushd’s works have been in constant use from the latter’s lifetime until today. They formed part of the training of scholars such as Ibn al-Tilimsānī and Ibn Khaldūn, as well as part of the curriculum of important teachers such as Abū ʿAbd al-Lāh al-Ābilī (Ibn al-Khaṭīb 1975, iii: 507; Ibn Khaldūn 2004).
Third, evidence has emerged that some of Ibn Rushd’s books were transmitted east, to Egypt and the Levant, and used by philosophers and scholars there. In addition to copies of the Kashf and the Incoherence found in Turkey, Egypt, and India, and the testimony of Maimonides, who from Egypt was able to acquire most of Ibn Rushd’s commentaries (Davidson 2005, 108-10), we can identify the spread of Ibn Rushd’s ideas among some philosophers, as is the case with the theory of the unity of truth adopted by Abd al-Latīf al-Baghdādī (Ben Ahmed 2019a). Moreover, some of Ibn Rushd’s philosophical and metaphysical positions concerning causality and location were adopted by thinkers who were generally regarded as enemies of philosophical and rational thought, as is the case with Ibn Taymiyya, who made extensive and explicit use of Ibn Rushd’s texts and adopted some of his positions in his crystallization of his conception of the history of philosophy and kalām (Ben Ahmed 2019b, 2020b, 2020d; Hoover 2018).
Fourth, we now also have evidence that Ibn Rushd’s texts reached Iran in the sixteenth century and became widely known to scholars in the seventeenth century. The catalogues indicate that dozens of them were transcribed during this time. The large number of copies reflects another phenomenon that we should not continue to ignore: the demand for the teaching of these books and their use by students and teachers in madrasas in Safavid Iran. Some thinkers and philosophers used them in their debates and teaching. Suffice it to mention here Abd al-Razzāq al-Lāhījī, Mullah Rajab ʿAlī Tabrīzī, and Muḥammad Ṭāhir Waḥīd al-Zamān Qazwīnī (Endress 1999, 2001, 2006; Pourjavady and Schmidtke, 2015; Ben Ahmed forthcoming)."
plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-rushd/#Arab
For those who wish further reading, I refer you to the entry.
Ibn rush is kafir is philosophy was refuted by many other
nah, he was no wahhabi kafir.