Electron Capture
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ม.ค. 2012
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We introduce electron capture and do some practice example problems. Electron capture is a nuclear decay process. It turns a proton into a neutron, lowering the atomic number, but keeping the mass number the same. It creates gamma rays in the process. Electron capture is similar to alpha decay, beta decay, and positron decay.
12 years on and these vids are still fuego!
1) atoms lose electrons all the time. another electron from an upper shell will just drop down to take its place.
2) positrons are an example of antimatter
3) these are great questions, and it's a cop-out answer, but this is just the way it is!
shoutout
Magnesium has 12 atomic number and 24 mass number..how is 26 mass number of magnesium be possibly written on the other side?.. need enlighten please.
You are such a saviour! loved the crisp and clear lecture. God bless you Tyler.
Hey everyone, I'm here to help. If you have any questions or just want to learn more, click on the link in the description above. It'll take you to a page where you can ask me questions.
Hi tyler can you make example of Gamma Ray or emission of gamma ray..
I'm using your videos for permed. Ive never taken chem or bio in my life and have been studying on my own for about 6 months. I'm at a level where things are just overwhelming but your videos are really helpful in my revisions. Please keep doing what you're doing...!
Wow!
It took My Teacher A week to Explain what you just Did in 8mins 😀😀
Thank you very much.
I seriously hope you know that you have a special gift. thank you for using your gift of teaching to be so patient and knowledgable in a way that people can so easily understand! God bless you
Thanks! Sir, you deserve alot more than this. You are truly a gift to the world. I wish ALL teachers were like you. Your videos have made Chemistry extremely understandable for me. Please know that you and your efforts are greatly appreciated. I plan to watch many, many more.
I have spent so much time watching your videos, that have helped me so much in chemistry. SCIENCE doesn't come so easy for some of us and I am so glad that you are making such a great positive impact & not to mention clear picture.....Please keep doing videos. :) Thank you for sharing some of your time.
Too exhausted to read dense textbooks that spend endless words trying to explain simple concepts....these videos help me learn so much in a small amount of time...He's a hero, saving my test score.
I really find your videos helpful!!! Thank you for explaining the essentials and putting it all together in such an easy to understand format! Bless you, sir!
Thanks for giving the most comprehensible explanation on Alpha, Beta, and Gamma decay!!!!
Thank you for the explanation, had completely forgotten that electron capture emitted gamma rays.
In the redox reactions, the electrons move from one atom to the other. In the electron capture decay, a proton from the nucleus absorbs an electron of the same atom.
Hope you find that useful
I've always hated chemistry and never ever wanted to deal with any of it. But I found your vid while searching about enriched uranium and the way you explain things so clearly, makes me want to learn more. Sometimes mediocre teachers th we once had may cause us to hate some subject that is quite interesting in and of itself.
hi the processes of beta decay and the electronic capture are the same how we can separate between them ?
This is the first utube channel i had watched for the first time for chemistry feeling nostalgic i miss it🥺
i have to say I LOVE THIS GUY thank you for saving my life everytime :)
I want to ask you something that has to do with your videos in general:
HOW do you record them ? I mean, where is the "up to down" camera set ? It should've been visible in the upper corner video, can you please explain me ? It could be very helpful for my kind of videos.
Also, I love your scientific theories, have you already talked about the chemical bonds between two or more atoms or molecules ?
U made things soooo clear to me ...i thank you very much. You are amazing !
As we have taken our problem that too many protons not enough neutrons but in first example of potessium(K) ,Z =19 and N = A-Z = 40-19 = 20 , how can it be protons rich , I am totally confused..
sir in beta decay there will be emmision of electron but in nucleus there is no electron where did this electron come from
Hi Tyler...when I go to www.videochemistrytextbook.com it reroutes me to socratic.org....is your site no longer active? Thank you
Your a very good teacher, really I fully understand Ur lessons
Hello Tyler thanks for explanation:) Could electron capture result from evolving nucleus magnetic field?
What is the difference between Electron capture and reduction(redox)?
Is electron capturing can create positive charge on an element ,,,...?
What is the difference of electron capture and beta decay
10 years ago? I’m watching in 2022! Thank you!
Is this the same thing as Gamma Radiation? Or is that positron radiation? My book and school system doesn't mention either positron decay or or electron capture, but we talk about gamma radiation and I'm confused
How protons increases their attraction force towards electron during electron capture?How can a proton attracts an electron from second orbital without taking it from first one?.(I read that it can sometimes happens from 2. orbital noıt fist one)
you videos are super helpful, is there a video on oxidation numbers. having a hard time grasping the concept
Thank you so much! My teacher cant really explain this... I didn't understand this until I watched your video! Thanks!
Same
Is it just me or K has 21 neutrons and only 19 protons, which means that it doesn't have too many protons and not enough neutrons. Shouldn't we use something like beta decay here to reduce the number of neutrons as opposed to the number of protons or am I missing on something?
Where does the energy come from
This may just be me but in my book it says that a neutrino is produced not a gamma ray. Are they the same thing or not???
Definitely not the same thing. Neutrinos are massive fermions, leptons to be specific, and gammas are actually just high energy photons, which are massless bosons. The process of electron capture is a weak interaction during which an electron interacts with a down quark to make an up quark and an electron neutrino via the exchange of a W boson. So that explains the neutrino, but the gammas come from the difference in energy before and after the interaction. Since you're moving the nucleus to a lower energy state, the difference comes out as photons.
Yeah, it should be a neutrino, not a photon .
Tyler, you might make mention what energy level or what orbital these electrons are coming from....I don't know; seems 1s would be most likely, but electron further out like 3 or 4 energy level might be shielded less from nuclear attraction thereby making them more available for capture.
Now, one small tid bit, your example shows the electron in the "GE Atom" . My former chem. prof. railed against these concentric planetary depiction....introduction of the true shapes of the s,p,d,f. just adds more astounding awe of the magnificent atom.
Lee B.
God bless you ...u r so wonderful and the way u explain is incredible
Explained it very nicely and articulately. Question: The process of capture does involve the electron vacating an orbital path. Wouldn't this result in the rest of electrons shifting to lower orbital paths and releasing X-rays as well?
What force is on electron that's pulling it as nuclear force is contact force
Oh how I wish my honors Chem teacher would put up your videos to teach a lesson! Thank you so much ! Your amazing!!
It's been 8 years how's life been?
Thank you, sir. It really helps a lot.
Very interesting, although im curious as to how a proton is converted to a neutron, how do 2U and 1D quarks get changed to 2D 1U?
Flavor change in quarks is mediated by the weak interaction via W boson exchange. This process is the cause of electron neutrino emission during proton decay into a neutron.
@tdewitt451 are neutrinos produced in this case😅
Question can you ever have positron capture 😮
How can you dislike this stuff? its super useful thanks
The first time I closed Adblock, very informative vid (thumbs up)
thanks dude,, its really help full and to the point.. :) Good luck for ur future
clean and clear
You had explained 3 hours in 10 min thanks bro
You are the best thing that ever happened to me
what is the difference between Electron capture and positron emission?
Positron emission, or beta+ decay, is a type of beta decay which radionuclides undergo when a proton is spontaneously converted into a neutron to achieve a more stable energy state. A positron is emitted from the nucleus, as well as an electron neutrino. Positron emission is mediated by the weak force, through the mechanism of an up quark changing flavor to a down quark. The electron neutrino is emitted to conserve lepton number. The difference in electron capture is that an electron is absorbed into the nucleus, converting a proton into a neutron and emitting an antinuetrino. A radionuclide undergoes electron capture when the decay energy to reach a more stable energy state is too low to allow positron emission.
Honestly this helped me, thank youuu
Love you bro...God bless you
Ilike this video very much thanks for well work done
9 years old and honestly the only video that has made me fully and easily understand. THANK YOU!
Thanks for your help!
I seriously love you man...
We say that electrons and quarks are fundamental particles. We also say that protons and neutrons are made of up and down quarks. Where is the electron in that newly created neutron? Is that electron the energy that transformed an up quark into a down quark? Or that electron is the sum of the energy that transformed that up quark into a down quark + the gamma energy emitted?
So helpful! Thank you!!!
Sir if electron is captured and turned into neutron then atomic number should not be changed
it should because i think a proton participated in the rise of that neutron
so much helpful. thank yu.
your example on potassium contradicts with your assertion that electron capture occurs because the number of protons are more than the number of neutrons. But that is the opposite in your example of potassium because it has 19 protons and 21 neutrons. this seems to reduce the neutrons further. clarify please.
Brighton Hamusonde it’s not that the protons are MORE than neutrons... it’s the facts that that atom has two many protons and so it’s going to give it to the neutron...the proton could be more than the neutron
Sometimes you have to be careful what you read in Wikipedia! There on the subject of Electron Capture they state a neutron turns into a proton by electron capture but in the examples its clearly a neutron into a proton.
oh my god i love this dude
1) doesn't the atom get f*cked up? it's inner shell just lost a electron...
2) Are positrons responsible for the existence of antimatter?
3) why is decay limited to those these forms of decay? why can't an atom just toss out what it doesn't need to become stable again? shouldn't the push force of the protons push away what the nuclear force can't keep together? D:
thank you so so much
need more pixels?
thanks, your awesome!!!
Superb
but for your lecture , it is awesome!!!!!
Please correct this video as it is misinforming. The 2nd product is not a gamma ray photon; its an electron neutrino.
I am seeing strange energy mass coming downward, towards the ground, from the sky, in the last 2weeks I have seen bright light towards the stares
Stephan Allie yo hook me up with that loud too
Jesus I never thought how adding an electron could lower elements atomic number.... I just remembered Z-1 😂 .... Thanks a lot sir you just shook my 2 years of study
Tl201,İ123 and İn111 are singing: that s the way..aha..we like it..
Amazinggggg!!!!!
thanks
you the best
thank u
is that a X -Ray? hmmm
Life saver
O Boy- how chemistry is far from physics (Unacceptable shortcuts}:
There is only one mechanism for that in physics not two.
At first after K losing electron there is less electrons and absorption of electrons from Higher energy shells should happened ? yes? no? good question...... :)
Electron capture ( from K shell) is mass capture- neutron has more mass than proton
in the effect of capture positron ( beta+) shuts out of nuclei in the high speed (along with Gamma and neutrino ) That positron collides with orbital electron and mass is converted to 2 photons at 180 degrees opposite in vector.
Than you have re-positioning of electrons as they try to go the the order of 2 in K
8 in L, 18 in M , 32 in N. due to that process you heave energy loss manifested by X-ray photons.
Questions to you:
1. Are 2 photons from collision of antiparticle -positron with orbital electron belongs to gamma or X-ray spectrum? :) and if gamma than why?
2. what is origin of primary gamma from nuclei due to electron capture?
3.if there is gamma from nuclei it must come from mass conversion,if yes than why you did not calculate mass at the first place?
4. if positron= with mass to electron than where is mass calculation in your equation at first mass of proton + mass of captured electron= neutron........ -(+positron)- orbital electron collision = 2 photons :)
4. how is neutrino and positron energy balance being distributed, hint: equal? unequal? random?
5. At what moment chemistry is taking shortcut- or it is only you?
Just curious...........:)
Thank you my friend for your work but it is not as simple as you explained .
anyhow good piece of entertaining and quality material you represent
I'm waiting for your answer
Wesley.
Are you aware that he makes videos for kids and teens that are on the school, right? Not for pain in the ass Physics Bachelor, right?
I agree with you. Thank you very much.I think I'm little to much over Bachelor. Thank you for your work.Done very well.
You said the process happens when there are too many protons and few neutrons, but it is not the case with exaamples provides as protons are less
Lord now I’ll pass Pre Ap Chemistry 😂😂
To be clear its X rays and not Gamma rays
thousand likes for aalll your videos....@Tyler DeWitt
Isn't there Potassium 40 in Bananas?
Sure is, as well as many other foods, like potatoes, kidney beans, sunflower seeds, and nuts. It's one of the key electrolytes in our bodies.
Bro thats an old school diagram of an toms
Well...you saved me
Or electron decay😊
Easy stuff.
who loves chemistry say me
not me
Me too after watching Tyler's vedios
gotta let my stupid kid see this, i'm pretty sure even he will understand
thanks mate that was awesome :)
2000th like
It's unfortunate that people dumb down what is actually happening to simplify things for teaching young kids. Due to this I spent half my life imagining that an atomic nucleus resembled a solar system with electrons in orbit around an atom. That vision was ingrained in my mind when my brain was most plastic, and unfortunately it was a down right blatant lie.
When making a video just explain whats actually happening, neutrons my not be important in chemical reactions however they are important in quantum mechanics. Who knows what connection a student could make if they were just taught the right information from the start
man! you waste tooooooooooooooooooooooooooo much paper you could have used white board instead or something like that!
I just down voted this video. I am happy to reverse my opinion if you update the video, but you have made an error in describing the electron capture reaction. As this is a reaction mediated by the weak nuclear force, and thus a semi-leptonic weak interaction, lepton number must be conserved. Electrons are leptons, which means if one is removed or captured, a lepton must be created in the final state. In the case of electron capture, an electron-neutrino is emitted (also a lepton). While the neutrino may be unimportant in chemistry, they are hugely important for nucleosynthesis, the evolution of core-collapse supernovae, and many other astrophysical phenomena. The correct reaction is e- + p --> n + nu_e, and note that it includes _no_ gamma rays. For an atomic nucleus, it would be e- + (N,Z) --> (N+1,Z-1)* + nu_e, where the * indicates that the nucleus may be excited. If the final nucleus is excited, when it de-excites to its ground state, it may then release gamma rays, but this gamma radiation is separate from the electron capture reaction itself.
Chris Sullivan With respect, I'm trying to make videos for introductory high school or middle school Chemistry. I studied particle physics in university, and I agree that neutrinos are important in certain circumstances. But this video is for people who are learning the topic for the very first time! Some of them are 12 years old! Sometimes we have to leave out a few of the details so that we don't overwhelm people who are first learning. You yourself admitted that neutrinos are (relatively) unimportant in Chemistry. The way I see it, If I don't mention neutrinos in this video, it's not going to ruin a student's understanding. They can always learn about them later on, when they delve into more depth. But if I pack this video so full of details that it bores, confuses, and demoralizes introductory learners, they will learn to hate science and will *never* have the opportunity to learn more, because they will have quit. We may not see eye to eye on this issue, but it's the fundamental principle of how I feel about technical education. I did a TED Talk about this, that I welcome you to watch: www.ted.com/talks/tyler_dewitt_hey_science_teachers_make_it_fun?language=en
+Tyler DeWitt I'm studying high school physics and I greatly appreciate the fact that you don't try and overwhelm me with (relatively) unimportant things and stick to the fundamentals.
+Chris Sullivan really don't think the level that this video is aimed at really goes into the detail you're talking about. But kudos on you for showing us how bright you are.
+Tyler DeWitt Can electron Capture have instead of releasing Gamma a Positron? Because i reas that It is possible, could You tell me an example of an Isotope that does that?
+Tyler DeWitt I have read that some types of electron capture can produce Positron, can You talk about that and show an example of such Isotope? Plus Answer
Wrong af
I just down voted this video. I am happy to reverse my opinion if you update the video, but you have made an error in describing the electron capture reaction. As this is a reaction mediated by the weak nuclear force, and thus a semi-leptonic weak interaction, lepton number must be conserved. Electrons are leptons, which means if one is removed or captured, a lepton must be created in the final state. In the case of electron capture, an electron-neutrino is emitted (also a lepton). While the neutrino may be unimportant in chemistry, they are hugely important for nucleosynthesis, the evolution of core-collapse supernovae, and many other astrophysical phenomena. The correct reaction is e- + p --> n + nu_e, and note that it includes no gamma rays. For an atomic nucleus, it would be e- + (N,Z) --> (N+1,Z-1)* + nu_e, where the * indicates that the nucleus may be excited. If the final nucleus is excited, when it de-excites to its ground state, it may then release gamma rays, but this gamma radiation is separate from the electron capture reaction itself.
the buttshark bro Another dude already said this u just copied and pasted it...what type of reaction were u tryna get looool