The science of wineglass tears (or wine legs)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ก.พ. 2015
- The surface tension of water and the evaporation of ethanol produce an interesting effect in a wineglass known as "tears" or "legs". The process is caused by the Marangoni effect, which explains how toy soap boats work among other interesting things.
- วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I love how suddenly you end your videos just after spitting a mouthful of mindbending science
That was so much cool information packed into such a short video! Great work as always.
Amazing the attention to detail!! all included, even jetdry!!!!
Ben, love it. Really approachable topic. Gonna have to send this to my friends that who are bigger fans of wine vs. math. Keep it up!
Thumbs up all the way from Pavia, Italy - the city where Carlo Marangoni studied this phenomenon!!! :)
Mind blown! Thank you for the video!
Really exhaustive explanation, thanks!
I think this is the video I have most enjoyed of all of Ben's, as it is such a day to day effect.
What I love most about the engineering mindset is that second step where you go and do something with the knowledge. Acetone/water in the wineglass was absolutely beautiful.
One of my earliest chemistry "discoveries" was the interaction of rubbing alcohol and water. If you had two puddles and they came into contact you would get some very strange changes to the shapes and movements of the puddles. Used to spend hours watching it with plate and eye dropper.
easily one of the best channels concerning science and engineering on all of youtube. i have a phd in engineering and i wait to find a video here, however short, where i am not learning something. thank you!!!
Excellent video, tks for taking the time and effort to explain. Much appreciated.
Very interesting! Thanks Ben.
Great video as always!
I can't wait for the jet wash rinse video. I'd like to see the effects on a car windshield.
Learned something today, awesome video!
Very interesting! Thanks. Looking forward to the Jet Dry video.
Just one video, learned a lot of new things. I'm now a subscriber. Tx
Very informative. Great Video!
Sharing this with my sister in the Napa Valley!
Something you didn't mention about heat pipes, is that in reality they tend to work in very fast cycles, where most of the liquid evaporates at once on the CPU side, hits the cold side and condenses back as a droplet to go hit the CPU again, multiple times per second. This is mainly caused by the surface tension of the liquid, and by the fact this is more efficient than having two opposite flows inside the pipe. This phenomenon can be observed with physics sandbox games like "The Powder Toy".
packed with information.. super vid.
I realize you made this forever ago but you can definitely tell a lot about the wine from the legs! ! The density of the legs can tell you a lot about how much alcohol is in it, also its not just water, its sugar as well and the sweetness affects how fast the legs fall. So with just one swish you can tell how strong it is and the sugar content. Im still learning by making my own wines but im definitely seeing a lot of difference in the legs between dofferent batches
Nice demos Ben.
Very entertaining video!
Really good visuals in this. Interesting about the legs, I thought it was some other liquid but now it makes sense. The last bit about the heat pipes was really great, I've seen them before in heat sinks but didn't know how they worked.
My favorite part of every video is listening to you say, "okay, byeee"
I would be very interested in seeing the Jet Dry video. It seems a bit scary that there is this film on surfaces we eat/drink off of, so some scientific perspective would be awesome!
Yes, I always assumed this was caused by some interaction between the surface tension of the glass, and the viscosity of the wine (caused by both the alcohol, and the sugars). Great exposition of what is exactly is going on there, pretty cool...
Hey this was a great video.
good video!
Surfactant. I guess I've learned a little bit about this, albeit indirectly. There were 2 different occasions, one in ultrasonic cleaning and the other while learning about "water wetter".
Interesting vid, Ben. The acetone would do a good job of tricking any aficionado - at least until they had a sip.
Please do a video about Jet Dry. I could see that being very interesting indeed.
:)
I've never heard of the Marangoni effect. This makes so much sense now.
That's really interesting. I never noticed that about wine before but I guess it's because I drink my box wine out of soda cans.
interesting, thank you
There are a whole lot of moonshine drinkers who are going to get all kinds of mad at you, because they can tell how much 'shine is in there by the 'fish eyes' or 'frog eyes' on the side of the jar.
Great video as always!
Probably even worse are the moonshiners who were manipulating the drinkers via various methods and giving them lower quality moonshine.
yeah because moonshiners uses computer and their favorite youtube channel is this one :D
I thought moonshine ethanol content was checked by shaking it and seeing how long the bubbles lasted. Higher alcohol had lower surface tension, so the bubbles of air would go away very quickly.
trustthewater That's correct. And aside from all the variables possible in reading alcohol content from "wine legs", you're trying to differentiate a 13% from a 15% ABV. Moonshiners are a lot less specific.
MMMM... delicious heat gun wine. lol. You've ruined my appreciation for "wine legs." My wife will equally dislike my new knowledge the next time we're downing a bottle. Thanks for the education. Nice video. One more thumbs up!
Interesting!
OOOH Yeah! More stuff on heat-pipes and thermal syphons please.
There's liquid inside of heat pipes? That was a mind blow right there!
It's also under partial vacuum to lower the boiling temperature.
i reacted the same way when my dad told me that years ago when i put together my first computer. he never explained technical side that this video did though, which i found to be very interesting. i never really understood how the liquid flowed through the pipes to help it conduct. (i love your game by the way ^.^)
***** When the video was showing the soap boat I was thinking "Neat! I learned that on Mr. Wizard as a kid" (his real name was Don Herbert) then I saw your name. Is there any relation?
Phase change carries a HUGE amount of energy with it. Typically it's something like ammonia, which at the right temperature (and pressure) evaporates, pressurizing the entire vessel (since its a gas) - the gas condenses on the heatsink side of the heat pipe dropping its heat on the metal into the fins, then into the air. It's about balancing that initial internal pressure to get the desired temperature range for the evaporation and condensation. By altering the pressure you alter at which temperature the change occurs, giving the ability to customize what range the cpu should run in. Expect hot cpu? raise pressure so it stays liquid longer. You have to make sure the cold side is cold enough to cause the condensation again.
mute8s I don't think so, this Dean Herbert is the guy who made this game (from Australia) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osu!
Science is way cooler than wine knowledge
"And then it DAWNed on me."
I'm so very sad there was no rimshot.
Anyone who's worked with diethyl ether will know of similar phenomena. My favourite: If you have a mixture of water with trace ether and some solids, the solids will "dance" like they are alive on the surface as the ether evaporates and changes the surface properties continuously.
HAHA "it dawned on me..." You are a very punny man!
I just became a patreon! I'm feeling great! :)
Learned something about heat sink
4:38 "hehe, it "Dawn"ed on you"
Nice video, btw a like-dislike ratio of 100% with 1008 likes is rare, don't destroy it.
I actually witnessed this phenomena in the lab. a solution of ethanol actually!
FUCK YEAH!!! SCIENCE!!!! loved it
I really would like to use the demonstration at 3:30 for explaining how passively cooled natural circulation nuclear reactor safety systems work. Is that just blue food coloring and kitchen soap? The color and effect looked so good I would like to recreate it exactly, if you don't mind telling the special sause that is :D
It is "Pearl Swirl" concentrate mixed in the suggested ratio with water: www.stevespanglerscience.com/pearl-swirl-rheoscopic-concentrate.html I added a few drops of liquid blue food coloring. I'll have an upcoming publication talking more about rheoscopic fluids.
heh, everywhere I go on youtube you seem to already know better, I was just going to ask the same question =)
Well, like you said ethanol is the criteria for making church's window but the thing is, on all other factors(Temperature, cleanness of wine glass, etc) are same between two subjects of wine, if one wine has much tears than others, then, we could say the one has much more residual sugar since much sugar means much alcohol. But always there are exceptions, like fortified wine is pretty high alcohol contained but dessert wine, for example, chateau D'yquem with low alcohol got much sugars and legs if other factors are on same.
Long story short, the debate that could know wine's quality(not condition) with wine's leg is generally we couldn't say that any cases is better or worse but if some wine has the strongest suit of sugars, in that case, we could say the answer.
We need to be alerted the marketing words using science in a twisted way but doesn't mean nothing they got. Wine industry is evolving to be real scientific, passing through the dark age that dominated by French-European agricultural myth and marketing shit.
The idea is that you can tell how much glycerol is in the wine, as the tears will agregate slower and stick to the glass more, sugar has a similar effect but to a lesser extent
I usually tell how much suger is in the wine by using my tastebuds. I find them to be more reliable than my eyes.
Does the black paint on the heat pipe help it function?
Since the heat pipe relies on capillary action for fluid return, does using it with the evaporator up/condenser down decrease its efficiency?
How about a video on how to make those toy soap boats?
Neat
Is this how fractional distillation works?
I would have liked to have seen you try and emulate the heat pipe with a clear tubing. It's a bit beyond my skills / creativity to try it myself.
That liquid at 3:30 looks bit like how thing universes where created! haha
Suggestion for next project: Atomic clock :o)
Aren't those heat pipes just filled with a bit of acetone, or is there some other specialized refrigerant?
You should try making transparent aluminum
How are you recording the audio on the video? It sounds strange with headphones on, almost like one of those binaural sounds.
I wish he had a visual prop to see the heat pipe liquid moving.
Great, next time I encounter a wine snob, I can derail his chatter with talk of the Marangoni effect!
I'm not so sure that the quality of wine can't influence the leg formation rate. It's a delicate process, and it might be that there are other chemicals associated with poor wines that inhibits the formation of legs. Clearly more studies are needed.
The Marangoni effect could be approximated by the popping of a balloon i think
So, _don't_ swirl my wine because it'll dilute it.
Woah wait, heat pipes are actual pipes?! I always assumed they were just solid copper...
Determining the alkohol content by looking at the tears? Right. I usually read it on the bottle.
I had always assumed Jet Dry was just an acidic solution with food coloring and fragrance.
OMG! I am so going to get in a argument with wine snobs this weekend.
SCIENCE!
Why are the heatpipes painted black? Does this increase the heat transfer rate?
+Commodore Gamecube Yes. A black car sitting in the sun will heat up more quickly than a white car, however the effect works in reverse too: The black car will cool down more quickly after the sun sets. The reason is that black objects radiate and absorb heat more effectively than white objects.
If that were the case in this application would they not apply the paint to the entire heat pipe assembly? I believe in this case it is an insulative paint layer designed to prevent the heat pipe from dumping heat (due to convection) to specific nearby components.
Isn't this behaving the same as water on a windowsill lacking a drip edge? The water tends to pool at the vertex of positive and negative angles until gravity pulls it down in rivulets.
Thanks Ben: Nice demo and explanation.
Question: Was that a good California Cabernet?
Cheers,
Mark
******************************
Thanks! I got a pretty cheap bottle since I knew I would be pouring some/most of it out, mixing it with acetone, trying beakers and other garage glassware. I do enjoy red wine, though.
That's good as I do believe that wine and acetone do not make a satisfying drink. However, take a look at the following: chemtips.wordpress.com/2014/10/23/elevenses/
Cheers,
Mark
hmm i think your water example is just natural convection, not the marangoni effect because doesn't the effect require two dissimilar liquids with surface tension?
it'd be interesting to try with mercury and something else,.. maybe heated up gallium or some other liquid with higher surface tensions
The idea there is that hot water has a different surface tension than the colder water around it. +1 on gallium and mercury, I want to see a steel "soap" boat on a mercury lake with a chunk of gallium instead of soap :)
But why does the water get pulled UP? I understand that it wants to bead up because of the surface tension, but why does it not get pulled down or to the middle or in random directions?
Edit: Especialy as the top has the most surface area.
I think it will be getting pulled in every direction. The water that is pulled down just ends up back in the main body, and the water pulled side to side just ends up making bigger beads because it's in a circular vessel. Just looks to us as it's being "pulled up" because we're expecting it to run back down with gravity.
Fun fact: i never get to witness this... cause my red wine's ethanol doesn't get a fighting chance to evaporate in time :-P
I've heard people say the larger the bead the higher the alcohol percentage
There is a number printed on the bottle, it is called a percentage. The higher the number, the higher the alkohol content.
So you dilute the wine a bit swirling wine! hmm wonder why pros do it haha
Maybe evaporating some of the alcohol, but it would be a net concentration of the solution.
I'm no drinker, but I think the swirling and the evaporation helps carry the wine as a vapour to give the drinker more flavour by smelling versus a more stagnant sip.
jonowee As the alcohol content decreases slightly, some of the aromatics are no longer able to be suspended in concentration and will evaporate off, yielding an increased nose.
"Low boiling fluid"
Almost universally water at ambient temperature (in partial vacuum). See figures of merit:
www.thermopedia.com/content/835/
Surface tension + heat of vaporization just sucks with other fluids...
I would have to worry about drinking out of a glass that is coated in polymers.
I think this is the only TH-cam video I've _ever_ seen with over 1000 likes and yet 0 dislikes. This is for a good reason. (probably will disappear soon though)
Jet-Dry sounds like it might be kind of nasty...
big boy bill nye
Huh. So heat pipes for cooling computers could be seen as tiny heat engines, then? Engineers use everything to make stuff more efficient, don't they.
ha.. seven wine'os watched this video.
So holding a wine glass makes it less have alcoholic and weaker, boozing wise; Drunks need to stand near a heater :)
Hi Ben, I observed a strange effect with brake cleaner and aluminium based oven paint: th-cam.com/video/NTI-9aasEk8/w-d-xo.html
Is this also the Marangoni effect?
The main takeaway of this video is that I shouldn't swirl the wine in my glass. I need each and every microliter of wonderful ethanol...I should also drink faster.
The thing about the effect in the heat pipes sounds kind of sketchy to me. It looks as if they just made a pipe and put a liquid inside to move heat more effectively and the liquid juat came back to the heat source because it is what should happen according to our common sense about the world. It doesn't sound like they took the effect in mind when designing it.
Yeah, because everything techonological is just thrown together bits & pieces to see if something miraculous would be gien of. Not.
You do know what those universities, science laboratories and technology firms do, right?
Jaakko Fagerlund That is not what I ment. It "seems" sketchy to me. I'm sure that a lot of research goes into making any piece of engineering to make it more efficient at its task, but here it seems like they knew it would work with one channel in the pipe and then they say that it is the effect described in the video that helps the pipe work because it helps the liquid gather and come back.
This is not rocket science or complicated engineering. It is not like how the wings on an airplane have 90 degree bends on the tip to greatly reduce vortex shedding and thus reduce turbulence and a bit of drag. A great example is how a lightbulb was created without the knowledge of quantum mechanics to describe how at different temperatures different amounts of frequencies of photons are created. They just knew that hot things glow, then quantum mechanics explained better the why and how it produces that light.
Si nothing can't/shouldn't be done if they already know what is going to happen? I'm not following your logic.
Jaakko Fagerlund No. Read it again.
Read it again, same conclusion. Please explain your logic.
7 people accidentally pressed the dislike button
yes bud did you get drunk
Neat