All Upper Limb Tension Tests | ULTT | ULNT

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ก.ย. 2016
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    This is not medical advice. The content is intended as educational content for health care professionals and students. If you are a patient, seek care of a health care professional. The Upper limb tension tests are the upper limbs equivalent to the straight leg raise test. They are mainly used to assess neurological symptoms in the upper limb possibly originating from a cervical radiculopathy
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ความคิดเห็น • 174

  • @Physiotutors
    @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    Review assessments on the go with our e-book or app and solidify your clinical reasoning in our online course:
    Course: bit.ly/PTMSK
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  • @GuireGod
    @GuireGod 2 ปีที่แล้ว +48

    Simple and straightforward and not dragging the video for 15 minutes. Love this, very good demonstration.

  • @galadrix4528
    @galadrix4528 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

    ULTT A (Median, Roots, & Interrosseus Nerves): 0:50
    ULTT B (MAM Nerves): 1:40
    ULTT C (Radial Nerve): 2:20
    ULTT D (Ulnar Nerve & Roots): 3:05

  • @sawsanmohammad2472
    @sawsanmohammad2472 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    how proud my supervisor would be after he asked me to search for this.
    thank you ♥

  • @abikurian2668
    @abikurian2668 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for making these videos, it's indeed helpful. Helping me save time and study.

  • @LucaBonato
    @LucaBonato 7 ปีที่แล้ว +101

    better than the previous. very helpful for a physio student like me. thank you for the videos

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +luca bonato yeah we think so too! Thanks for your comment

  • @FysioTutor
    @FysioTutor 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    After 7 years and it's still relevant and likely the best video out there. Thanks guys! Wish me luck for the physical therapy practical exam.

    • @noranstump1666
      @noranstump1666 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Good luck 🤞🏻

  • @DrMustafaArk
    @DrMustafaArk 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    for hours i was trying to imagine ULTT by reading. this video has been so helpful, thx a lot.

  • @Erivu-rg7sj
    @Erivu-rg7sj 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    well said, very understandable than reading a book

  • @intriguedphysio9551
    @intriguedphysio9551 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It's very informative and helpful too sir thanks a lot for uploading.

  • @avoid000
    @avoid000 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for this video!! Very clear and informative :)

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Jesse appreciate it!

  • @mdmobarakhossain1113
    @mdmobarakhossain1113 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    very easy and informative, helpful

  • @RobinSingh-qk4wb
    @RobinSingh-qk4wb 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice video and easy way to describe the test

  • @jorgemiras5839
    @jorgemiras5839 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent!! very clear and didactic. Thanks for sharing.

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Jorge, you're welcome!

  • @kripazatakia1290
    @kripazatakia1290 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    So precisely explained... Always very helpful to revise before the practical exams.. Keep Sharing the physiotherapeutic skills..great work

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      We certainly will Kripa! Thanks for the compliment!

  • @carlinesimeon9440
    @carlinesimeon9440 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great video, very clear and instructive, but you don't look to happy. Being cheerful and energetic (or just avoid being monotone ) makes videos more compelling. Thanks for sharing.

  • @singgihnugroho7575
    @singgihnugroho7575 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks you somuch for this video..

  • @user-xp6ki4tz5b
    @user-xp6ki4tz5b 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Rly good ones and so helpful. Thanks!!

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks a lot, glad to hear!

  • @edward8691
    @edward8691 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love the way you doing videos . the fact is , Physiotutors doing videos by the professional orders: Name of the test ---- purpose of the test ---- references ---- what syndromes are indicated ----- casue of the syndromes ---- how to perform the test ----- positive signs

  • @UzairKhan-wo6du
    @UzairKhan-wo6du 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very well explained 👍

  • @anvitatelang6780
    @anvitatelang6780 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    very helpful sir
    im watching your videos before my practical exams .

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you enjoy them and thanks for subscribing 👍🏼

  • @bernardohoyosarango2852
    @bernardohoyosarango2852 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excelente video. Thanks You

  • @chantellcoore7296
    @chantellcoore7296 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    this was amazing ! thank you so much

  • @gelojdm9214
    @gelojdm9214 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Well executed, thank you

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Happy you like our video gelo!

  • @stefanr00
    @stefanr00 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You guys are awesome!

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thx Stefan,glad you like our channel!

  • @shellyrgarcia2205
    @shellyrgarcia2205 6 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Sounds like Arnold Schwarzenegger
    THANK YOU so much for this video! Helpful

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Not the first time we hear this haha!
      No worries!

  • @golrokhnazmi7030
    @golrokhnazmi7030 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you
    The best video!

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you like it Golrokh and thanks for following!

  • @sarthpawar6476
    @sarthpawar6476 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very well explained..keep making such videos 💯

  • @danielbohn
    @danielbohn 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Awesome!!

  • @fatemeheslami8521
    @fatemeheslami8521 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks a lot .it was very helpful⚘

  • @physiotherapistpaulina9340
    @physiotherapistpaulina9340 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I like how you indicate what structures are being stressed, and how easy it is to view and follow the steps. I also appreciate that you have reviewed the tests in the literature. Well done. Can you use these tests as "stretches" if you did not feel there were red flags, but simply some tension in the neural tissues?

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      We have a video on upper limb neurodynamics that will answer your question

  • @alicetrombley2558
    @alicetrombley2558 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank you

  • @areejadnan123
    @areejadnan123 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    It is very help for me thanks alott

  • @bomedome8901
    @bomedome8901 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good and helpful

  • @mdbelalquraishipt3042
    @mdbelalquraishipt3042 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very informative and helpful for exam. Preparing for exam watching your videos. Thanx a lot for making study so simple.
    Can you please upload videos on neural mobilisation techniques. They are very confusing....

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hey Amigo, thanks for the compliment and happy to hear that you enjoy studying with our videos!
      Check out the following video from David Butler: th-cam.com/video/gdKldyXgkgs/w-d-xo.html

  • @afnanmohammed1661
    @afnanmohammed1661 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thanks a lot for the video

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Afnan Mohammed you're welcome !

  • @saradiazblanco
    @saradiazblanco ปีที่แล้ว +1

    @physiotutors What is the difference between ULTT3/C and the Mills Test for the elbow?

  • @dipumakwana3031
    @dipumakwana3031 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks 😊

  • @saboorahmad6180
    @saboorahmad6180 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    GOD Bless you sir, you made my study easy

  • @ronitbhar2647
    @ronitbhar2647 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very useful video for a physician

  • @apheliachiayinna7619
    @apheliachiayinna7619 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    good video,easy to understand 👍👍👍

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Yn Ac glad you like it! Really important to be able to accurately perform these tests!

  • @swordfish5079
    @swordfish5079 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you soo much :)

  • @michaeladuaboagye124
    @michaeladuaboagye124 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    You guys are 👍

  • @smullaj9367
    @smullaj9367 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank u sir🤗

  • @maryamkhazir7556
    @maryamkhazir7556 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir

  • @mhaawyibra4476
    @mhaawyibra4476 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thank you SM

  • @faithford6468
    @faithford6468 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I'm studying for boards and both the scorebuilders and therapy ed books say ULT4 has the forearm supinated. However, I swear I remember my professors teaching it with pronation as well.

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not in the Physiotutors Assessment Book!;)
      Don't see how supination would put more stretch on the n. ulnaris.

    • @katiestevenson6232
      @katiestevenson6232 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I was taught it with forearm in supranational as well.

  • @fisionalhugorocha7227
    @fisionalhugorocha7227 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Muito obrigado! Thanks a lot from Brazil

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      De nada! You're welcome!

  • @samwinter5522
    @samwinter5522 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    ULTT A: 0.54
    - Median Nerve
    - Anterior interrossesus nerve
    - C5 - C7
    UTTL C: Radial nerve 2:24
    Contralteral neck flexion
    1. Depress shoulder girdle with hip
    2.Abduct arm to 90 degrees
    3, Pronate the arm
    3. Internally rotate
    4. Flex fingers
    5. Flex wrist
    6. Abduct arm
    .
    ULTT 4: Ulnar nerve C8-T1 3:02
    1. Depress shoulder
    2. Bring arms into 90 degrees abduction
    3. Pronate forearm
    4. Laterally rotate shoulder
    Extend the wrist
    Extend the fingers
    Flex eblow

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Thanks for the timestamps!

    • @samwinter5522
      @samwinter5522 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Physiotutors Pleasure, and an honour to receive a reply from you guys- you have taught me a lot!

  • @matlhogonologaogakwe8682
    @matlhogonologaogakwe8682 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This awesome...I manage to pass my manual therapy exams

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Thanks! and congratulations on your MT exam!

  • @33eoz
    @33eoz 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really good video, but just one question: in the ULTT C you write c8-T1 - buch cervical spine only goes to c7 right?

  • @aakankshapednekar2976
    @aakankshapednekar2976 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very helpful

  • @pensadoraapocaliptica4184
    @pensadoraapocaliptica4184 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hu Guys as always so grateful with all your videos, does someone knows for how long the client should hold the position?

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      There’s no time cutoff
      You’re checking for side by side differences or a marked decrease of mobility of >10 degrees

  • @harshuvocals1290
    @harshuvocals1290 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir...very super...and very useful vedio sir

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Happy to hear Harshini! Appreciate it!

  • @masoumehravari2919
    @masoumehravari2919 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for the very helpful videos. I'm a big fan. For ULTT4, is the forearm supinated or pronated? Just wondering...

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for your comment
      The forearm is pronated

  • @dwideviasmr9591
    @dwideviasmr9591 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Terimakasih

  • @maccox9382
    @maccox9382 4 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    thank you for getting me through my lab checkouts lol

  • @Real_potato
    @Real_potato 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love you so much^^

  • @stuartwalker7168
    @stuartwalker7168 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I know the upper limb tension test is for a Cervical Test . Could it be used has a mobility technique for a shoulder injury? Thank you for the brilliant videos.

    • @VinylUnboxings
      @VinylUnboxings ปีที่แล้ว

      Wouldn’t really make sense to do but I’m theory it could be done

  • @LeslieMartinezA
    @LeslieMartinezA 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What doctor or healthcare provider should I see for this testing?

  • @dianeka7616
    @dianeka7616 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    very very very helpul 👍👏👏

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Dian Eka glad you like it and thx for subscribing Dian!

    • @dianeka7616
      @dianeka7616 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Physiotutors yes, ur welcome 😊😊

  • @annaraylie8149
    @annaraylie8149 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Severe increase of symptoms and hand, fingers turning blue. What can the discoloration indicate?

  • @debbiemeko472
    @debbiemeko472 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Too good.

  • @user-be4lq7bl1m
    @user-be4lq7bl1m 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    .the best video

  • @suraal-hawajri3350
    @suraal-hawajri3350 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank u

  • @LMLife
    @LMLife 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Where is ULTT 2b (radial nerve)?
    This is what I learned in Uni
    ULTT 1 (median nerve/brachial plexus)
    ULTT 2a (median nerve)
    ULTT 2b (radial nerve)
    ULTT 3 (ulnar nerve)

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It seems like our literature differs to what you learned in Uni regarding the naming.
      The radial nerve test is ULTT3 according to our literature. How it is conducted should be the same like you learned it in Uni though..

    • @alex8480
      @alex8480 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      It obviously correlates to what the video refers to as ULTT3.

  • @jonassunden9382
    @jonassunden9382 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Was abit hard to find this test in your list of uploaded tests, since it didn't have any neuro tags....

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Why not search ULTT directly?

    • @jonassunden9382
      @jonassunden9382 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      i had gotten abit used to searching by having to spell out the tests, or using umbrella terms like neuro when searching for neurological tests. not all channels are as good as you are at using shortenings. as said, it was harder, not impossible. i would have liked a neuro tag, but it simply took me a bit of extra time to find it this way. still, great video, and thanks for uploading.

  • @johnrichardson6707
    @johnrichardson6707 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    If no symptoms are provoked, will this then mean that a cervical radiculopathy is not the issue?

  • @purusaxena397
    @purusaxena397 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir plz make a video on LLTT

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      There is no lower limb tension test. Those tests are basically the SLR and the Slump test.

  • @bishoyfa2171
    @bishoyfa2171 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    For ULTT1 , UTT2 , UTT3 .. The elbow should be flexed or extended???
    According to NPTE it is extended??
    In general words how the neurological structure put in tensions ?? I mean in anatomical point of view??
    Many thanks for your help

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      To create maximal tension in the median and radial nerve the elbow should be (fully) extended.
      This can be seen anatomically when you have a look at the course of the nerves.
      For the ulnar nerve, you can create maximal tension with elbow flexion.
      In our case, Andreas already felt tension before complete extension.

    • @bishoyfa2171
      @bishoyfa2171 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Physiotutors
      Oh now I understood , I appreciate your so much care, your channel are amazing really

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to hear and happy to hear you like our channel!

  • @BrianaSade93
    @BrianaSade93 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Can the ULTT4 also be performed with forearm supination? The Therapy ED review book notes that its forearms supination but when I perform the test I feel more neural tension in pronation as shown.

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Pronation leads to maximal tension

  • @navisathiya9926
    @navisathiya9926 ปีที่แล้ว

    How much the physiotutors book sir

  • @mehefe1247
    @mehefe1247 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi guys,
    Is the ULTT A test with breathe in/out, also useful for including or excluding pancoasttumor?

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      No evidence on that. Next to general red flag screening for cancer, we would rather screen for changes in the pulmonary tract (e.g. dizziness, heavy feeling on chest, out of breath, difficulties breathing, risk factors from history like smoking etc.)
      Signs & symptoms are different from ulnar nerve compression or T8 radiculopathy as T8-T2 nerves are affected and patients may also present with Horner's syndrome as the superior cervical ganglion can be compressed by the tumor.

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Be aware of symptoms that resemble TOS.
      Would rather expect the ULTTD to be positive as T8-T1 are stressed the most.

    • @mehefe1247
      @mehefe1247 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Physiotutors Thank you 👍

  • @prophysiotherapy9994
    @prophysiotherapy9994 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    what's the song from the intro? I'm hooked lol

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      It's a sting from the TH-cam creators library

  • @Kikotingin
    @Kikotingin 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey guys, do you use Magee as reference as well?

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, it's a book we used a lot during our Bachelor's degree and we still use it from time to time.
      We prefer to use research papers if they are available though.

  • @albertninof.kotico7115
    @albertninof.kotico7115 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I am confused in ULTT 3. In my book it says SH dep and 110 degrees of ABD but yours is only 10 degrees. I’m confused. Please explain thank you.

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Maybe they took a different order, but officially ULTT3 is designed to stress the radial nerve which does not come under maximal tension in 10° of abduction. Have a look at this paper: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402638

    • @albertninof.kotico7115
      @albertninof.kotico7115 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      noted. thank you.

  • @manisharani5683
    @manisharani5683 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How do you remember all these test ??
    Any trick or method to remember the name of tests

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Haha, best get our app!;)
      Trick is to do them a lot, but we also don't know all of them by heart even though we filmed them ourselves!

  • @siavashforootan1126
    @siavashforootan1126 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Is it not supposed to be supination of forearm in ULTT 4? I think you did it in pronation

    • @debbiemeko472
      @debbiemeko472 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Pronation is correct, before bringing the fingers towards the ear. It won't be possible to reproduce symptoms when supinating forearm. I think you're confusing the tested limb position of ULLT 1 for ULTT 4.

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Pronation, had other people commenting that their textbooks show supination, but that doesn't add maximal stress on the ulnar nerve.

  • @jankasprowicz3663
    @jankasprowicz3663 10 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Shouldn't the thumb be abducted?

  • @rockinshanel
    @rockinshanel 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Waiting for LLTT. 😬

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Have a look at the Straight Leg Raise test and the Slump Test. They are basically the tension tests for the LL.

  • @shaibyannacherian2877
    @shaibyannacherian2877 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    In upper limb tension test 2 and 3 patient position can be diagonally

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +shaiby anna cherian Sure why not!

    • @shaibyannacherian2877
      @shaibyannacherian2877 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Why there is two tests for Median nerve? And why Axillary nerve is tested along with median nerve?

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +shaiby anna cherian this is how nerve differentiation is described by Butler. you have to realize that certain positions put stress on several branches/peripheral nerves. that's also the reason why these tests are highly sensitive but not specific.

  • @dr.saran_physio
    @dr.saran_physio 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir my question is if ulnar nerve is postive then what should be the intervention?

    • @harmie38
      @harmie38 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      You can consider flossing the ulnar nerve in order to relieve pain symptoms

  • @meller13
    @meller13 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    ULTT C Radial nerve is missing some text

  • @foodietoodiegwl
    @foodietoodiegwl 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Here is my question .. Wht dffrnce we made while using ultt as diagnosis nd while treatment.? Like i really dnt understand so hlp me out

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      As a diagnostic test it's used as a provocation test so maximal stretch. As treatment you'll have to adapt it in form of sliders and tensioners so your patient is able to tolerate it. Have a look at out video where we explain the sliders and tensions for the upper limb.

  • @afriandc7519
    @afriandc7519 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Mantap anying

  • @ishaankapoor5716
    @ishaankapoor5716 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    The Model looks so much like Jonny sinns :p

  • @MaxScerra
    @MaxScerra ปีที่แล้ว

    One mistake in the video: confused C7 with C8

  • @triyakamila7853
    @triyakamila7853 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Subtitle indonesia please

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Feel free to help us adding subtitles --> Check the description down below on how to do that!

  • @user-gv1ws5bh1l
    @user-gv1ws5bh1l 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This test for assessment only or for treatment??

    • @Physiotutors
      @Physiotutors  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      They can be used as both actually. We have made a video on nerve glides and tensioners which you can watch here: th-cam.com/video/Fv_EJV8q2E0/w-d-xo.html

    • @user-gv1ws5bh1l
      @user-gv1ws5bh1l 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks alot

  • @manahilmumtaz3051
    @manahilmumtaz3051 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why patient shows strange reaction in every ULTT test ?🤣

  • @yousufrawashdeh2001
    @yousufrawashdeh2001 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    How much money do I make?

  • @angelaregodo9030
    @angelaregodo9030 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    put a finger down if your watching this video because you're a student who doesn't want to disappoint their parents :'

  • @Libo21
    @Libo21 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    The patient's legs were crossed and this makes the test wrongly performed