The Origins of Metaphysics - How Parmenides was the First and Last Prophet of the One Being
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 ก.พ. 2025
- The earliest metaphysical speculation was concerned with what was it that persisted through time and change. Perhaps the most radical answer ever given to to this question was to reject the very concept of change itself. Parmenides would argue that Being alone exists and that Truth was to think the One and only the One. In his a poem revealed to him by a Goddess in the House of Night, he would effectively would effectively invent Western Metaphysics and Logic. In that now fragmentary text his revelation would detail how Being alone is real with change, time and the world of sensation being mere illusions. Indeed, Parmenides may have been the first and last philosopher of pure being with all hitherto western metaphysics being a betrayal of Thinking Being, a willing amnesia of Truth itself.
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#metaphysics #philosophy #parmenides
Recommended Readings:
Austin, Scott. Parmenides: Being, Bounds, and Logic. New Haven: Yale, 1986.
Kirk, G.S., Raven, J.E., Schofield, M. The Presocratic Philosophers. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge, 2011.
Sider, David, and Henry W. Johnstone, Jr. The Fragments of Parmenides. Bryn Mawr Commentaries. Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College, 1986.
Tarán, Leonardo. Parmenides. New Jersey: Princeton, 1965.
Curd, Patricia. The Legacy of Parmenides. New Jersey: Princeton, 1998.
Kingsley, Peter. Reality. Inverness: Golden Sufi Center, 2003.
Lewis, Frank A. “Parmenides’ Modal Fallacy,” Phronesis 54 (2009): 1-8.
McKirahan, Richard D. Philosophy Before Socrates: An Introduction with Texts and Commentaries. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994.
Mourelatos, Alexander P. D. The Route of Parmenides: Revised and Expanded Edition. Las Vegas: Parmenides, 2008.
Nehamas, Alexander. “On Parmenides’ Three Ways of Inquiry.” Deucalion 33/34 (1981): 97-111.
Owen, G. E. L. “Eleatic Questions.” The Classics Quarterly 10.1 (1960): 84-102.
Reeve, C.D.C, and Patrick Lee Miller, eds. Introductory Readings in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006.
Of course, anything by Heidegger on Parmenides. Good luck, though.
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10:45 Just like Descartes and his mystical dreams that gave birth to "la raison". Also, the whole ascent/descent and a chariot, does not remind you of Mer................?
Again, cogito ergo sum 13:49, Descartes......so odd, Thinking IS being.
in philosophy grad school i convinced a professor to do a one-on-one reading course with him on Heidegger's Parmenides. im a Heidegger nerd and also a Parmenides and Heraclitus nerd
Nice TIL to consider with PBS Space Time shows like
Is The Wave Function The Building Block of Reality? or The One-Electron Universe | Space Time
Hey, your merch link is broken and has been for as long as I've been following the channel - you might have missed out on quite a sizeable sum because of this. Is the creator-spring Esoterica store yours? Because I'd absolutely be willing to get some of those badass metal looking shirts.
"The Goddess in the House of Night" would be an excellent title for a prog-rock album, and it would go well with the right kind and quantity of drugs to make Parmenides' revelation make sense.
That was great fun.
Definitely getting prog vibes !
I'm gonna have to review the lyrics of Blue Oyster Cult's "Spy in the House of the Night" to see if Sandy Perlman was referencing Parmenides... I wouldn't put it past him.
@@lavnlvas Haha, i thought just the same.
You don’t need drugs look up Theoria Apophasis metaphysics he explains everything with simplex hyper rationality which is the way it’s supposed to be understood it’s the opposite of complex
Thanks!
Wow - many thanks for the generous donation!
Thank you for supporting all of us who take great pleasure in Esoterica and the good Dr. ❤ Your donation makes our world better.
Sometimes I dream of works being discovered in places like Herculaneum and we can read lost works of Heraclitus or Parmenades
Parminides is BY FAR the most penetrating person of the ancient world. I become almost giddy every time someone discusses him. Because it seems as if no one does. And he embodies, paradoxically, the treatment which the goddess herself endures: Ignorance by “being” ignored. God and Goddess are one. Night and Day are one. The one defines the other, without the other there is nothing to define. As Lao Tzu has said, “Naming is the origin of all particular things.” Excellent, Dr. Sledge. Excellent.
Absolutely ❤
What a beautiful comment. I thank you for writing it so that I shouldn’t have to repeat it in a less eloquent manner.
@@ruthbennett7563
Strictly speaking, if he hadn't written it, you wouldn't be repeating.
I totally don’t get it and very much want to. Is Parmenides right ? Can that be demonstrated?
@@charlesedwards5333 Your desire whether to probe and ask if he was right will carry you a long way. I will try to find an excellent video that may help you.
First time I'm proud of understanding 10% of a video
Same. I really enjoyed not understanding it.
that means progress!
Someone (you) Once (and only Once ) upon the non existent no beginning of
Time “Know Thyself” forgetting the illusion of conditioning and separateness
My muddled manic take
You had me from “deep introverted meditation.”
Definitely, that hit me hard..
I will have to rewatch this
Man, I feel like I just jumped in the deep-end of the pool without understanding anything about swimming, water, or breathing.
i can not stop rewatching, this was really cool !
Thanks
Very useful, thank you.
I just can’t keep up with how good this channel is. Kudos to you Justin
What a great episode, food for thoughts galore, thanks Justin
Many thanks, friend!
Thank you, this will keep me busy for sure
I've been binging this channel and I love how these videos are so well thought out. Thank you for making content like this readily available and enjoyable!
Well thank you Dr. Justin for bending my mind into a pretzel with this one. I've come to expect nothing less from your presentations. That's why I love them so. But this one takes the cake, and it may take weeks to work the kinks out. Or maybe I will just think this is the being and ruminate on the truth of that.
an Awesome discourse Dr. Sledge. Thank you very much for the food for (additional) Thought. Unti next time, Have a Great day
I always love your videos, but this is by far my new favourite.
"the thinking of Being had become a scandal, an ontological horror" !
I've felt that horror contemplating being and I loved hearing it in your words.
Your prose are unparalleled.
It’s as if consciousness became aware of its own consciousness, or the like 😊
(Please excuse my humor. The impulse couldn’t be helped.)
This is truly one of his best lectures… which is certainly an accomplishment ❤
Thanks! love your stuff. this video is life changing for me. I hope youre doing well
You have my vote and my gratitude.
Sincerely,
An appreciative scholar
My wife and I love your videos, but this one in particular was our jam!
1:07 Pausing and grabbing my notebook, note cards and multi-colored pens....
*Edit* Dictionary too!!!😊
Wow, incredible video! Strikingly similar to Advaita Vedanta, I didn't know that anything like that existed in western philosophy that wasn't incredibly obscurantist, or some form of qualified non-duality. Very impressive to see absolute unqualified non-duality so long ago in the western world, with logical deductions to back it up.
Parmenides was a material monist not a non-dualist
@@TheEsotericaChannela talk on that distinction would
greatly be appreciated. They seem to have some overlap
Thank you for these videos
This is by far my favorite episode. I absolutely love the topic of Parmenides' thought. You did such an excellent job covering this topic.
I just got done reading a book about Plotinus and the Presocratics and wanted to share a related take: Plotinus read Parmenides' Being as the Plotinian Nous.
are you asserting that Plotinus did indeed read Parmenides' Being as the Plotinian Nous? or just suggesting that possible interpretation of Parmenides?
@Robb3348
I've taken the concept as described in the book "Plotinus and the Presocratics" by Giannis Stamatellos. Here's an excerpt from which I derived my comment.
"In particular, Parmenides’ ontology and terminology are in the background of Plotinus’ metaphysics of Intellect, the Second Hypostasis of Being, and Plotinus acknowledges Parmenides as the Presocratic philosopher who introduced the intelligibility, oneness, unity, indestructibility, uniqueness, impassability, and eternal timelessness of Being. Plotinus is not only aware of and uses Parmenides’ terminology and concepts but also interprets, systematizes, and develops his Eleatic philosophy within the context of his own Neoplatonic system. It is significant that Plotinus de-parts from the traditional philosophical line of Parmenides and the post-Parmenidean thinkers on the priority of Being and the denial of its creation from non-Being. Within Plotinus’ system of the three Hypostases, Being is secondarily produced from the One, which is frequently expressed as non-Being in terms of its supra-transcendence beyond Being and Intelligence"
Great episode, as always. And quite a mind-boggler, too. Thank you for that!
Beautifully done
When I was a teenager and after a profound reality shattering experience - hash oil assisted - I would swear I was channeling the same disorienting message on reality as Parmenides. Deeper and deeper down the proverbial rabbit hole and I couldn't shut up about it. It went on for weeks. My parents were so frightened by this they brought me to the hospital where the friendly psychiatrist sedated and drugged back into correct think. I pretended to cooperate and believe them but there was no going back. I wish I could repeat what I experienced/knew but it was somehow both terrifying and liberating. It also felt obvious. I am sure others know what I am talking about.
Yep. Had a simmilar experience with edibles. Threw me into a deep existential crisis for months.
I mentioned my experience (one of them anyway) in a separate comment. You might check it out. *No drugs involved in mine tho. Brain injury instead. And mine lasted on and off for over a year.
I've had some similar psychedelic assisted experiences. You really can't explain it sufficiently to most people who haven't felt it. At least I can't. Parmenides did a pretty good job. My life really has never been the same, for the better. Existence means something completely new to me now.
I've had a similar religious experience although it didn't last nearly as long since it was just a light meditative trance and not aided by medication or anything, but watching this video reminded me of that state of thinking and I'm considering learning how to meditate a little bit fuller until mind altering with assistance is more feasible with my situation as I might be prone to full blown psychosis lmao
We have a type of familial TLE epilepsy, and so I have had multiple experiences like this throughout my life - both in provoked and unprovoked trance states as a child, then later with psychoactive assistance during college, and several times after that during OBEs and finally now I can get there with deep meditation. It can absolutely lead to prolonged existential crisis, if one isn't careful or emotionally regulated, but I've learned to be thankful for my rather slippery conscious awareness. Paired with a sharp academic mind/focus and careful attention to maintaining mind/body balance, it can be a wonderful tool for accessing greater meta-physical awareness. People will still look at you crazy if you start trying to explain the toroidal universe, but who cares. 😂❤️
Excellent episode - very engaging, thank you!
mind blowing. The way you narrated this was chilling. Thank you
I especially enjoy that you use the word "comprise" correctly. I will contribute to your weird channel.
Oh, this one is superb!
Thanks Doc! ❤
Excellent work
Bravo Dr.Sledge, excellent episode!
The new visuals for the intro look so classy.
Fantastic! It's curious to consider how this thinking of being arose (either independently or alongside) the eastern traditions...
Would this then be the total inverse of the vedantic approach (where the true self/being is realized as distinct from mind/thought), or is it rather the exact same thing where "thinking of being" is simply another way of expressing the focused state of mindfulness of inner being/the self?
Thanks - There's no evidence of any 'eastern' influence on Parmenides but I can't speak on Vedanta as I'm no expert there.
Good question.. I thought the same, does this go down the ‘I think therefore I am’ line or is thought/logic in this context referring to connecting with consciousness (being)…
Exactly because the True self is realized as distinct from mind, Parmenides is not opposite Vedanta, but on the same line. Reality as a whole cannot be understood intellectually. The intellect can only grasp parts of it at a time, but each part, and even the sum of the parts, doesn't even scratch the surface of Reality, which is whole, all-encompasing, boundless, abythos, and who can look into the abyss? Therefore it's paradoxically the Ultimate Being in Parmenides and Reality in Vedanta, but also a big No-thing, Ayin, Ayin Sof, because Being Itself without any clothes on it, what would you call it? You just can't name it or understand it in any way.
That's a question for the perennialists! Honestly, it's hard not to see their "essential Truth" when you compare Parmenides' and Advaita Vedanta's monism. Brahman and Absolute Being as beckoning of a primordial metaphysical Single Source is, at least, a very curious notion that's worth exploring.
@@Adrian-vk5xl I actually said it out loud listening to the video.
This is interesting philosophy. The Hindus and Taoists have similarly complicated thoughts about who is thinking the thought? What is feeling the feelings? Are the feelings just feeling and the thoughts just thinking? Wonderful episode! Thanks, Justin.
That's what I was thinking, a lot of these ideas are explored in Taoism, in fact it almost sounds like he is trying to explain the Tao in a sense. However he does mentions in the video that this was the first time these thoughts were explored in the West. Wonderful video though
@@Tolu349 That is because Parmenidean Ontology and Metaphysics is actually an expression of Dialectical Monism, just as Taoist philosophy and Advaita Vedanta are expressions of Dialectical Monism. The main and significant difference between Parmenides and all other philsophers, mystics, and spiritual teachers is that he used Logic and Pure Reason to demonstrate how his conclusions for Dialectical Monism are Logically Irrefutable.
@@thatchinaboi1Yes it is a perennial philosophy/religion found all across the world
Ask a neuroscientist instead sometime.
The Vedanta.
Thanks for this episode. I read the Kingsley book you mentioned a few years back and was mostly lost - I will try it again after rewatching your video and reading other stuff on your reading list.
@TheEsotericaChannel
I appreciate the time and effort you put into these videos, Justin. They are concise, academic, clear and interesting. In 2011, when I started studying the history of western esotericism out of the blue (I also went to the University of Amsterdam for that), it wasn't easy to find my way around, since there is so much 'background noice', if I may say so. Finding accessible and reliable information was somewhat of a challenge. In that regard, you are making a difference.
Intriguing. Now smack me on the nose if I'm totally off the beaten path but I smell some of Mishima's musing in this, namely his perception of words being corrosive and truth lying in that liminal space between the self and reality, with death, the only identifiable stasis and unity perceived by us, being the ultimate manifestation of it. I'm still chewing on Sun and Steel but for whatever reason, perhaps just my own misunderstanding, this gives me the same feelings as it does, it strikes the same chord. Really nutty stuff overall, a whole lot to digest and muse on.
Suffice to say, he was wrong. Death is immaterial when all is unity.
❤ seeing that Thorndike set everytime I watch this chanel... man. the text is open source thanfully
I'd hate to have to read it on screens, though
@@TheEsotericaChannel it's such a great read, especially the works dedicated to the enlightenment and sciences. a general overview but also going into all these places that I benefit from studying the history of religion and magical thought.
Interesting lesson. Thanks, Justin. 🌞
All the things on your shelves look interesting. It would be cool if you did some kind of show and tell episode where you show us your cool stuff!! 🤩
YAY so happy you're doing this
This just cracked my dome. 👍
I found your channel about a week ago and have been watching daily since. Thank you so much.
Quick question - As a fan of Kalashnikov rifles I've noticed the the Russian oiler bottle in the background quite often. It's always on the back of my mind when I'm watching your videos and just have to know what it's doing there!
Thanks for the donation - it's for a Mosin Nagant...because sometimes fascists hide behind things.
@@TheEsotericaChannel I was really hoping you would say something like that! I love my Mosin.
Really, I can't thank you enough for the work you do on this channel. Truly some of the best content I've come across on this platform.
This is once again fascinating and thought provoking, many thanks. On the other hand, there goes the weekend again as you lead me down the path of research!
im a nerd for Heideggers Parmenides
One of your best videos yet ... Thumbs UP !
I love these introductions to foundational individuals/schools of philosophy from the ancient world. Most folks do not realize how much they effect the ways we think and behave to this very day, as the threads run through our cultural and intellectual history. You did a great job with a difficult subject. I’ve read/listened to numerous lectures on Parmenides and I’m not sure I truly understand the argument he is putting forth, but you made it as clear as anyone could. You are truly doing Being’s work, Sir! I’d love to see more like this!
Oh, I forgot to mention-formalizing his arguments was a nice touch-above and beyond! Thanks Dr. Sledge!
I translated the fragments for an edition some years ago. It was mesmerising.
nice
This video has shaped my worldview and made me be able to believe in meaning that exists outside of human perception of meaning. Can’t thank you enough for this video and all your others.
If I follow this properly, I actually find it quite comforting to know that I am caught into this web of being, and not alone after all.
Congratulations, this is one of your very best!
I'm so glad I found this channel
The fascination in this kind of logos, that thought is being, and as you mentioned that translating of his work inherently establishes it in a different context. Our languages fundamentally effect how we think, not our thinking ability, but it organizs the way we think which can lead to very specific outcomes unique to different cultures. Like the many ways of translating and interpretting Wang Wei's 'Deer Park' poem.
Language contextualizes thought, but in that very process can limit how we can think. Or expand it.
Cultures with languages with many unique words for similar shades of what we call the same color, are inherently better at recognizing those various shades and hues compared to those of languages without that benefit.
And cultures which think in cardinal directionality rather than relative directionality like the Guuguu Yimithirr people of Australia, have a stronger innate sense of direction, we when indoors.
This kind of thing really makes me desperately want to learn all the languages. I need to UNDERSTAND lol
My dad used to say this about when he was learning Russian and how difficult it was to think in it.
What you are talking about is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which has been disproven imo
Well, this is just delightful. Good to know that folks have been struggling with the "What am I? The is-ing is." for a long time.
Thanks for the perspective.
I enjoyed this. Thank you
Wonderful episode! Perhaps it's time for Heraclitus? 👀
hngggg though as a Heidegger guy i think both Herry and Parry both accept the unity of opposites. i read process metaphysics into it, to be frank
What up brother thanks for all your work and hello from Saint Louis Mo.
Been a minute since I watched one of your videos. Amazing content, my friend.
This is one of the channels that gave me the courage to start my TH-cam channel 8 months ago about self development. Now I have 1,220 subs and > 1,000 hours of watch time. I know it’s not comparable with others but I’m still proud I started because I’ve been learning so many lessons that I could haven’t learned without getting started in the 1st place.
😊
Good for you ! We all start at 0 subs, best of luck with your project!
@@TheEsotericaChannel Whoever you are, I don't know you personally but I can say that you're one of the non-judgmental and open-minded people who is not fixated on tangible or external factors in order to learn from someone like me. Just because someone doesn't have a piece of paper as a credential, doesn't mean that person is not entitled to share personal experiences with the hope & intention to inspire others. Keep up with whatever it is that you're doing to improve mankind or improving your life even to a slight degree each day. This is just one part of a bigger puzzle for creating my TH-cam channel about holistic health. I literally could have died back when I was 14 years old due to major depression but here I am right now replying to you, a TH-camr, who's full of fulfillment and dedication to help others to be a better version of themselves. I ain't better than anyone else but my old self. That's all that really makes this TH-cam thing more meaningful and enjoyable. Thanks so much for your support! I am hoping that you can join me with this endless personal development journey! :)
Long time viewer first time commenter.😅 I just finished reading Umberto Eco’s The Name of the Rose, and a lot of the concepts expressed in this video are explored by the characters in that novel (who are otherwise solving a murder in a monetary in the 1300s). Specifically the idea that names and symbols shape our perception of reality, even though the origin of those symbols is arbitrary. There’s also an excellent adaptation starring Sean Connery (which is very difficult to stream legally in 2023, ironic given the story’s themes of lost media…)
Thank you for all of your amazing, fascinating content.
This summation was a Masterwork. Insert heartfelt applause.
One of your best episodes!!
Awesome, good job, never heard of this guy, thanks. This guy described meditation it seems. I have only been a practicing meditator for 3 years and he puts to words very well what deep trance appears to be, to me at least.
Dude when you said "cool black metal shirt" I was like ha sounded like he said black metal.... wait... WHAT THE FUCK dude that is so sick. Just made me love your channel 10x more
Superb treatment of a neglected zone, truly outstanding. Many thanks for this.
Dr. Sledge. Thank you so much for your learned and (at times) hilarious insight into the complexities of Parmenides' philosophy. The necessary verbal gymnastics alone made me chuckle. Even so, I was most impressed by your encapsulation of the arguments and issues involved.
A lot to think of. Wow. Thanks.
This is an extraordinary video, probing grounds in philosophy which the discipline is only grasping around the edges at at the moment. Well done and thank you.
Thank you for this insightful video.
Magnificent analysis. “Parmeneides” was a healer, and a mystic. In the 1960s in what it was ancient Elea inscriptions were found by archeologists Doctor and healer.
Fantastic Justin...absolutely appreciate your analysis...really the best....and for the contextualization.
Parmenides was my hero from the first time I heard of his teaching. So wonderfully pure. And as Vedantin it was like finding a compatriot in practice of awareness.
this might be one of the most important videos I have ever seen
Excellent. Probably the best intro from the reading list is Kingsley’s Reality. He’s a proper classical scholar who wrote a standard academic text on Parmenides with lots of fresh archaeological and linguistic evidence, and then proceeded to actually do the exercises hinted at in the poem and became something of a full on mystic. Very exciting if you like your perennialist western transcendentalism with a good solid foundation in philosophy. I for one think the axial age Greeks were into some seriously mind bending thought, likely with both a decent intercultural exchange (“the Greeks are always children”) and some serious inheritance from the Bronze Age. Both which can be argued with a straight face, even if the academy will look at you askance.
I love watching yr vids over & over 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Best said :-
“Cancelling historical figures (philosophers) just because they don’t agree with our personal beliefs etc.
is
Self
Defeating.
🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Another phenomenal video, I like the ones where are you really push the boat out. This is one of them. Bravo.
This is a great video!
I'm afraid I'm too much a lover of process. I jokingly say that philosophy starts with Heraclitus and that Parmenides is when it went wrong
Thanks for all your great work and dedication, I found your channel a couple of months ago and have seen at least 99 hours of your content since (I really did the math to be sure).
I have come to understand a lot of things both past and present thanks to you, I'm really grateful!
Great work man.
This is one im going to need to keep coming back to. 🙃
This is one I need to revisit. I'm reminded of how I barely got that philosophy minor, and probably shouldn't have. Education, like any training, requires you to work up to some things. I've skipped Metaphysics Day too often lately. I'm gonna go do some reps of Tao of Pooh.
Thanks for the lecture while I work today, doctor!
🙏✨👌🪄😅 This makes perfect sense - the most compelling aspect of this understanding of everything is that this is the only one into which all other possible concepts fit. The only other possibility would be that they are all true at the same time - which still leaves this one being as the container of all that is. The question I ask myself is: Where is this one being? And is it the only one?
Reminiscent of the Mandelbrot set - and I have to admit that I don't like it. Great presentation, thank you so much for this insight. 🙏✨❤️🔥
We are one.
Thanks for the reading recommendations. I'm not smart enough to understand this stuff but it's good to think about it.
Love the Hilma af Klint reference with the painting
Finally, my time has come.....😈
Mr. Mysterion... Nice. I'll have to check out your work.
Thank you! I love your introduction on Parmenides! Witty, about being an early adopter - then again, Leibnitz, on the other hand, always referred to Parmenides' question as the first one must ask, why there is something, rather than nothing. More importantly, I should add that this unexpected reverie on Parmenides inspired me to some additional puzzle pieces I think are vital in understanding Platonism and a hypothesis of mine about Platonism correctly understood as implying a kind of super-empiricism of sorts.
Definitely an episode worthy of hitting repeat. This one is mind bender. Well done! 🌐The spiral cyclical nature of the logic is there.☯️♾️
These words are amazing and hard to follow wow
You are so right by saying that out prejudices are the very hinderance to do the actual philosophical work.
Now we are cooking with fire.
Thanks for supporting the channel!
If you haven't yet read it, Peter Kingsley's book Reality is one of, if not the very best books on Parmenides as well as Empedocles. The man's scholarship is just top notch!
He's a wizard, that's a great book. It will take you places
I might be a tad late to the conversation, but it is intriguing to me how similar a lot of these points are to Therevaya Buddhist scriptures or Suttra.
Except non being is something we should seek to obtain despite being impossible in some sense because of clinging.
I know this channel is mostly about western ideals but the spill into other regions makes me think
Wonderful!
Thank you 🌞
Very interesting concepts and it was explained very clearly. Thank you.
The black metal shirt. Is 🔥
Great video, always an interesting metaphysician. I'm wondering if you've read Oscar Hinze's essay on Parmenides in his Tantra Vidya, in which he understands the third part of the doctrinal poem as corresponding to a lower truth analogous to the yogic concept rather than as mere falsehood. I find it to be incredibly insightful and am persuaded that Hinze is best able to account for the idiosyncrasies of the structure and themes of the doctrinal poem best through his interpretation.
The best channel to fall asleep to.