As a psychiatrist, I was looking for a video to recommend to trainees. This caught my attention. It makes you feel that she is looking at the person watching as if making eye contact. As a therapist I think she has everything needed to be a good therapist
@@PsychodynamicPsychology I wrote it sincerely. I think I'm not the first psychiatrist to say this. I'm realy so glad you saw it and that means something to you. You are on the right track, keep going. When you become very famous one day and invite you, I would appreciate it if you would take the time to come and give a workshop on zoom if you don't mind sooner.
PhD in Family Therapy, LMFT here - I really appreciate your attention to all the different approaches, including systemic, which is often left out. Thanks for this great material!
I think psychodynamic, CBT and humanistic approaches are all very important. I don't know why graduate school wants me to choose! I want to find the problem, mitigate the symptoms and do it with the clients input and guidance.
Hi Paul! I also appreciate all those approaches, they all aim at understanding the problem and reduce symptoms. I still think as a therapist it's good to start out learning one approach really well and then add other techniques later on. I wish you the best for grad school! 🍀
Hi, thank for your video! I am currently studying cbt, a post graduate diploma. How do you think someone could learn and add other techniques? I am also interested in learning other techniques and integrating. Do you think I would need another degree for that or can I learn through seminars? @PsychodynamicPsychology
Alina, thank you for such a well-structured and informative presentation. The video setup is nice and your explanations are easy to follow. This is the first video that leaves me satisfied in terms of getting a rough idea of the existing forms of psychotherapy. Looking forward to your channel blowing up in the near future :)
Thank you so much for such a generous and kind comment, Adrian. It truly means a lot to me :) I'm so happy to hear that my video was clear and helpful, I love introducing people to psychotherapy approaches. Haha, I don't know if I'd be ready for blowing up on TH-cam :D Best wishes!
So informative and well-structured as always. It was great that you categorized your talk in your comment. It allows your audience to follow your talk more easily. Good job Alina!
Thank you so much for this. I am looking to become a therapist in the future. Currently looking at different programs and trying to find what works best for me.
Finding an approach that resonates with you is an important decision indeed. I hope you’ll find an institute that can feel like an intellectual home :)
Hi Alina. A delphi study on the future of psychotherapy in the USA published last year stated that psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapies were on a downward trend. Apparently, it's because clients want less number of sessions due to financial difficulties. Health insurance companies are also wanting the same and are also requiring evidence based therapies before they reimburse a claim. Hence, CBT has become popular in that country. Because of this, many modalities, such as the Adlerian psychotherapy, have started making some adjustments to be recognised as evidence based therapies. Is it also happening in Germany or Western Europe?
Hi Alex! They are indeed on a downward trend precisely for the reasons that you describe. However, meaningful change in psychotherapy takes time and a solid therapeutic relationship. None of that happens in in 6 sessions. We see a stronger focus on CBT in Germany as well. But the health insurance does finance long-term psychodynamic therapy in Germany. I recommend reading this article from Jonathan Shedler on the "evidence" behind evidence-based therapies: jonathanshedler.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Shedler-2018-Where-is-the-evidence-for-evidence-based-therapy.pdf
Negative effects of psychotherapy for adults are reported at a prevalence ranging from 3-20% of clients (Berk & Parker, 2009; Linden, 2013; Mohr, 1995; Schermuly-Haupt et al., 2018). These include worsening or lack of improvement of symptoms, development of new symptoms, social difficulties such as increased family distress, stigma, and dependency on the therapist (Berk & Parker, 2009; Linden, 2013; Rozental et al., 2015; Schermuly-Haupt et al., 2018). These effects have been reported across a variety of disorders (Barkley, 2018; Moritz et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2013; Rozental et al., 2015) and for different modalities of therapy (Parker et al., 2013; Roback, 2000; Rozental et al., 2015; Schermuly-Haupt et al., 2018) with qualitative and quantitative findings.
You did a very good job with this video! Although i don't know really know that much about your field, but i think it's certainly interesting, and I'm learning something new from your videos. Keep going!
Thank you so much, Mazin :) I worried this video is a little long and not that applicable which can get boring quickly. It means a lot you found it interesting nonetheless :) Now that the winter is coming, all of us need your and Maren's travel vlogs more than ever!!
It wasn't boring at all and I find longer videos are more informative. We hope that we can travel around these days and make some more videos but nothing is guaranteed with the pandemic. We're looking forward for your next one!
@@Mazintravels Thank you :) Definitely better to stay safe these days! I was hoping you still had some raw travel footage from sunny days that was waiting to be edited ;)
I chose an approach whose view of the world, humans, and psychopathology resonated the most with me. For me that was the psychodynamic approach. If you're scared of making the "wrong" choice it can be helpful to keep in mind that as a counselor you will be forever learning. The first training is the foundation and as you continue practicing you can continue training in as many modalities as you like. However, I personally believe in the value of being trained really well in one modality first - and not learn a bit of everything. That might just be a personal preference though. Best of luck!
I wish therapists talk about this to their clients. I spent 2 years in a humanistic approach and was HORRIBLE I didn’t know I had a choice, I thought thearpy was thearpy. Now when I talk to a therapist if I see anything remotely close to Carl Rogers, Motivational Interviewing or Person Center Approach I am out!!!
Thankyou ,it was helpful.Could you please suggest me books on psychology if someone wants to understand oneself ,do the shadow work and integrate in a healthy way?Also,could you please suggest content covering the psychological aspects of complicated grief (unresolved issues due to displacement and extreme negative transference) post the death of a very close loved one which has also uprooted the entire life of the one left behind (in all aspects-losing love, home, social connection, and everything associated with the loved one) causing a state of disassociation from reality and regression into survival mode ?How to cope with that grief by feeling it thoroughly and deeply ?
It sounds like you might benefit from talking to a mental health professional to work through everything that happened rather than books. If you'd still really want a book recommendation on grief ,many people love "On Grief and Grieving" by Kübler-Ross and Kessler. I wish you all the best 🍀
Nice overview thanks. I couldn’t help thinking that your rounding up statement that no one theory should be more dominant etc.(paraphrasing) is a very Humanistic view isn’t it?
Thank you so much! Yes, that's very constructive feedback, I agree. In my new videos I started only using intro and outro music but keep the rest "podcast-style" :)
Dear Shu, I assume you refer mostly to his Transactional Analysis? I'm not too familiar with it myself but I'm sure that his theories are still used today. In the end, every psychotherapist crafts his own style and will incorporate a lot of different theories and modalities :) As far as I know, there are also institutes who train psychotherapists in Transactional Analysis ;)
@@PsychodynamicPsychology , Yes this also, but what resonated with me the most is the "Script analysis". Transactional analysis seems to me a very practical approach to Freud's teachings. And Games people play I took in a humorous context, although the portrayed situations were not funny at all. I think It's because Berne himself described this from a slightly ironical perspective. But the script analysis left me with deep unsettling feeling. I was disturbed not just because of the notion that people live their life 'programmed' by some scripts but also because that actually makes sense in my view of the world. That got worse when I read C.G.Jung's book, and discovered that even civilisations live by some kind of cyclic 'meta-scenarios'. So Adler's approach for me is sort of missing piece right now. Nice to know that I still have some free will :) Glad, I found your videos. Reading now that book by Ichiro Kishimi you suggested in your last video. Very unique work in the sense that it presented as a dialogue, it's like non-fiction and fiction combined. I think it's the best way to present psychology to broad audience, so people would not scratch their heads with pure 'cognitive complexity', instead just project their personal myth on the story (the same as with movie for example) and go along with the characters. Sorry for the rant :)
Dear Shu, the topics you bring up are highly interesting! I never heard of “Script Analysis” and had to read a bit about it first. In the psychodynamic tradition you will find various explanations for what determines what people feel, think and do. The psychodynamic approach is the approach with the most diverse and elaborate theories there are - that doesn’t mean they’re true, some of them have been negated and many criticized by other traditions but, nevertheless, they’re incredibly interesting as you found out. When those theories are translated into therapy, it’s often about “making the unconscious conscious” (as Jung would put it). For Freud that might be recognizing destructive drives, for Berne the scripts we learned in early childhood, for Jung how archetypes influence our perception and how we give meaning to things, for Adler becoming conscious of underlying goals, life-lies and inferiority, for Bowlby how we are attached to others. In the end, this would hopefully give us the freedom to pursue the life that we want to live, feel the feelings we need to feel, and give meaning to the things we want to give meaning to. I’m personally a huge advocate of responsibility and self-efficacy, so probably this shapes my view of those theories, but for me they all believe in free will and change (maybe not initially but ultimately), otherwise they would not have turned their theories into therapies. I believe that by understanding ourselves better (and every psychodynamic theory might touch on a slightly different aspect), we can better overcome challenges and thrive. But, haha, I can understand how that might make you feel unsettled. Especially when you read Jung, watch out that you don’t lose touch with reality. He was certainly incredibly intelligent, and his theories are very interesting - but he is also quite intense and sometimes “out-there”. And please, please, if Jung does this to you: Don’t read Nietzsche!! :D All the best for you and don’t despair ;)
I'm just amazed of your work as I go through ur channel. This is the best explanation of explaining the 4 schools I've ever heard of. Thankyou so much for this vid.
Systemic psychotherapy comes very clearly out of general systems theory, which was applied to psychotherapy to families. It’s not like they just developed their own theories, all systemic approaches come out from general systems theory, an establish multidisciplinary theory applied to many different areas. They also did not “borrow” psychodynamic and behavioural approaches, a systemic views on mind and behaviour is very different and seconds order circular.
@@PsychodynamicPsychology your words PP read your script, in an arena where words have meaning and are the key to ones thoughts. It isn't just language as working with a patient or client will attest to. thanks for your curiosity and response :-)
00:00 Introduction
01:15 Psychodynamic psychotherapy
04:26 Cognitive-behavioral therapy
10:02 Humanistic psychotherapy
12:30 Systemic psychotherapy
17:55 Integrative psychotherapy
18:26 Outro
I trained in Psychodynamic therapy. I would say that CBT is not psychotherapy per se. But then I'm not a fan of it at all.
As a psychiatrist, I was looking for a video to recommend to trainees. This caught my attention. It makes you feel that she is looking at the person watching as if making eye contact. As a therapist I think she has everything needed to be a good therapist
Thank you so much for your kind comment and encouragement. That means a lot from a professional in the field. Best wishes
@@PsychodynamicPsychology I wrote it sincerely. I think I'm not the first psychiatrist to say this. I'm realy so glad you saw it and that means something to you. You are on the right track, keep going. When you become very famous one day and invite you, I would appreciate it if you would take the time to come and give a workshop on zoom if you don't mind sooner.
PhD in Family Therapy, LMFT here - I really appreciate your attention to all the different approaches, including systemic, which is often left out. Thanks for this great material!
I think this is one of the best video about different therapy styles on youtube well done!
Thank you so much! I’m so glad to hear it was helpful 😊
Brilliant! This gives a great overview and everything is explained so well. Finally I understand how all the different styles work. Thank you.🧡💛❤
I think psychodynamic, CBT and humanistic approaches are all very important. I don't know why graduate school wants me to choose! I want to find the problem, mitigate the symptoms and do it with the clients input and guidance.
Hi Paul! I also appreciate all those approaches, they all aim at understanding the problem and reduce symptoms. I still think as a therapist it's good to start out learning one approach really well and then add other techniques later on. I wish you the best for grad school! 🍀
Hi, thank for your video! I am currently studying cbt, a post graduate diploma. How do you think someone could learn and add other techniques? I am also interested in learning other techniques and integrating. Do you think I would need another degree for that or can I learn through seminars? @PsychodynamicPsychology
Such a soothing voice. I feel at ease already. Wonderful therapist.
Alina, thank you for such a well-structured and informative presentation. The video setup is nice and your explanations are easy to follow. This is the first video that leaves me satisfied in terms of getting a rough idea of the existing forms of psychotherapy. Looking forward to your channel blowing up in the near future :)
Thank you so much for such a generous and kind comment, Adrian. It truly means a lot to me :) I'm so happy to hear that my video was clear and helpful, I love introducing people to psychotherapy approaches. Haha, I don't know if I'd be ready for blowing up on TH-cam :D Best wishes!
So informative and well-structured as always. It was great that you categorized your talk in your comment. It allows your audience to follow your talk more easily. Good job Alina!
Thank you so much for your kind words :) As always, it means a lot to me! Best wishes, Alina
So happy I've found your Channel! Amazing content, very informative and just what I was looking for
The way you pronounce the names of Freud, Adler and others tells me you that you know what's you are doing
Thank you! I speak German, so their names come easier to me 😉
She has an accent. Listen closely, I suspect central Europe.
Not a marker for competence but cool.
I just wanted to say, i think she comes from germany. At maastricht uni, everyone speaks like that
@@aaronpinkston6195 Evidently the seventh grade was the best three years of your life…!
Thank you so much for this. I am looking to become a therapist in the future. Currently looking at different programs and trying to find what works best for me.
Finding an approach that resonates with you is an important decision indeed. I hope you’ll find an institute that can feel like an intellectual home :)
Extremely helpful. Thank you so much. Your elaboration helped me to recognize the concepts and techniques that I have been applying in my therapy.
I'm so glad to hear that! Thank you for your comment and best wishes 🍀
Hi Alina. A delphi study on the future of psychotherapy in the USA published last year stated that psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapies were on a downward trend. Apparently, it's because clients want less number of sessions due to financial difficulties. Health insurance companies are also wanting the same and are also requiring evidence based therapies before they reimburse a claim. Hence, CBT has become popular in that country. Because of this, many modalities, such as the Adlerian psychotherapy, have started making some adjustments to be recognised as evidence based therapies. Is it also happening in Germany or Western Europe?
Hi Alex! They are indeed on a downward trend precisely for the reasons that you describe. However, meaningful change in psychotherapy takes time and a solid therapeutic relationship. None of that happens in in 6 sessions. We see a stronger focus on CBT in Germany as well. But the health insurance does finance long-term psychodynamic therapy in Germany. I recommend reading this article from Jonathan Shedler on the "evidence" behind evidence-based therapies: jonathanshedler.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Shedler-2018-Where-is-the-evidence-for-evidence-based-therapy.pdf
Thank you! Loved your video!
Thank you for your comment :)
thank you so much for this informative video! very helpful for my upcoming psychiatry exam!
I'm so glad it was helpful! The best of luck for your exam 🍀
Negative effects of psychotherapy for adults are reported at a prevalence ranging from 3-20% of clients (Berk & Parker, 2009; Linden, 2013; Mohr, 1995; Schermuly-Haupt et al., 2018). These include worsening or lack of improvement of symptoms, development of new symptoms, social difficulties such as increased family distress, stigma, and dependency on the therapist (Berk & Parker, 2009; Linden, 2013; Rozental et al., 2015; Schermuly-Haupt et al., 2018). These effects have been reported across a variety of disorders (Barkley, 2018; Moritz et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2013; Rozental et al., 2015) and for different modalities of therapy (Parker et al., 2013; Roback, 2000; Rozental et al., 2015; Schermuly-Haupt et al., 2018) with qualitative and quantitative findings.
Thank you so much for this video! Really helpful
So glad it helped! Thank you for your comment 🍀
Great video. You broke it down into understandable differences. Now I understand it.
Thank you so much for your kind words! I'm so glad to hear it was helpful :)
Thank you soooooo much for sharing these with us ❤❤ it’s a really helpful video 😊
So glad it was helpful! My pleasure :)
I might by biased because I only did psychodynamic therapy and a bit of CBT, and I find the psychodynamic approach waaay superior.
Great job, this is so helpful!
Thank you so much for your kind words! I'm so glad to hear it was helpful. Best wishes!
That answered a lot of my questions! Thank you
Glad to hear it helped :) thank you for your comment!
Extremely clear and helpful. Thank you
Thank you so much for your comment! I'm so glad to hear it was helpful. Best wishes 🍀
Very helpful! Thank you. I couldn't find a lot of videos on this.
Glad to hear that, thank you so much!
You did a very good job with this video! Although i don't know really know that much about your field, but i think it's certainly interesting, and I'm learning something new from your videos. Keep going!
Thank you so much, Mazin :) I worried this video is a little long and not that applicable which can get boring quickly. It means a lot you found it interesting nonetheless :) Now that the winter is coming, all of us need your and Maren's travel vlogs more than ever!!
It wasn't boring at all and I find longer videos are more informative. We hope that we can travel around these days and make some more videos but nothing is guaranteed with the pandemic. We're looking forward for your next one!
@@Mazintravels Thank you :) Definitely better to stay safe these days! I was hoping you still had some raw travel footage from sunny days that was waiting to be edited ;)
Excellent content! Very elaborate and helpful. Thank you!
Thank you for your comment, Branden :) Best wishes!
Thank you for the video.
Quick Question:
How do you realize what approach you are natural at and start diploma in it to become a counselor?
I chose an approach whose view of the world, humans, and psychopathology resonated the most with me. For me that was the psychodynamic approach. If you're scared of making the "wrong" choice it can be helpful to keep in mind that as a counselor you will be forever learning. The first training is the foundation and as you continue practicing you can continue training in as many modalities as you like. However, I personally believe in the value of being trained really well in one modality first - and not learn a bit of everything. That might just be a personal preference though. Best of luck!
@@PsychodynamicPsychology how is Humanistic Integrative Counselling to you?
I wish therapists talk about this to their clients. I spent 2 years in a humanistic approach and was HORRIBLE I didn’t know I had a choice, I thought thearpy was thearpy. Now when I talk to a therapist if I see anything remotely close to Carl Rogers, Motivational Interviewing or Person Center Approach I am out!!!
Unfortunately, you must have encountered a bad professional using that approach, as it was the only one that helped me. For example, I hated CBT
This is a well-simplified and educative video.
Thank you!
Thankyou so much for this video 🥰 really helpful 🙏🙏🥰
You're so welcome! Thank you for your comment :)
Thank you! Please carry on this amazing work that you’re doing so well and with a perfect voice too. 🙏
Thank you for your kind words, Joelma! That is so sweet, I really appreciate it. Best wishes 🍀
Both very precise and synthetic, thank you for these remarkable videos!!
Thank you so much for your kind comment, Antoine! It's my pleasure.
Thank you for this really helpful introduction video. It was extremely helpful as I embark on my own training.
Thank you for your kind words. I'm so glad to hear it was helpful, I wish you all the very best for your training 🍀
Amazing, simple and to the point
Thank you for your kind comment!
Excellent stuff, thanks for sharing
Thank you so much!
Thankyou ,it was helpful.Could you please suggest me books on psychology if someone wants to understand oneself ,do the shadow work and integrate in a healthy way?Also,could you please suggest content covering the psychological aspects of complicated grief (unresolved issues due to displacement and extreme negative transference) post the death of a very close loved one which has also uprooted the entire life of the one left behind (in all aspects-losing love, home, social connection, and everything associated with the loved one) causing a state of disassociation from reality and regression into survival mode ?How to cope with that grief by feeling it thoroughly and deeply ?
It sounds like you might benefit from talking to a mental health professional to work through everything that happened rather than books. If you'd still really want a book recommendation on grief ,many people love "On Grief and Grieving" by Kübler-Ross and Kessler. I wish you all the best 🍀
it was nice listning to you thanks
Nice overview thanks. I couldn’t help thinking that your rounding up statement that no one theory should be more dominant etc.(paraphrasing) is a very Humanistic view isn’t it?
That might be :)
You just can’t help yourself! Admit it, you are a l lovely soul.
Keep doing what you do 🙏🏼😎
Your videos are superb. Excellent ones. It will be better if you could avoid background music for the upcoming videos.
Thank you so much! Yes, that's very constructive feedback, I agree. In my new videos I started only using intro and outro music but keep the rest "podcast-style" :)
Why do therapists refer to us as "clients" and not "patients"? I love your vids btw!
To avoid labeling a person mentally ill
Brilliant video!!
Thank you so much, that means a lot :)
Very nice overview. That about Eric Berne? Are his theories used nowadays?
Dear Shu, I assume you refer mostly to his Transactional Analysis? I'm not too familiar with it myself but I'm sure that his theories are still used today. In the end, every psychotherapist crafts his own style and will incorporate a lot of different theories and modalities :) As far as I know, there are also institutes who train psychotherapists in Transactional Analysis ;)
@@PsychodynamicPsychology ,
Yes this also, but what resonated with me the most is the "Script analysis". Transactional analysis seems to me a very practical approach to Freud's teachings. And Games people play I took in a humorous context, although the portrayed situations were not funny at all. I think It's because Berne himself described this from a slightly ironical perspective. But the script analysis left me with deep unsettling feeling. I was disturbed not just because of the notion that people live their life 'programmed' by some scripts but also because that actually makes sense in my view of the world. That got worse when I read C.G.Jung's book, and discovered that even civilisations live by some kind of cyclic 'meta-scenarios'.
So Adler's approach for me is sort of missing piece right now. Nice to know that I still have some free will :) Glad, I found your videos. Reading now that book by Ichiro Kishimi you suggested in your last video. Very unique work in the sense that it presented as a dialogue, it's like non-fiction and fiction combined. I think it's the best way to present psychology to broad audience, so people would not scratch their heads with pure 'cognitive complexity', instead just project their personal myth on the story (the same as with movie for example) and go along with the characters. Sorry for the rant :)
Dear Shu, the topics you bring up are highly interesting! I never heard of “Script Analysis” and had to read a bit about it first. In the psychodynamic tradition you will find various explanations for what determines what people feel, think and do. The psychodynamic approach is the approach with the most diverse and elaborate theories there are - that doesn’t mean they’re true, some of them have been negated and many criticized by other traditions but, nevertheless, they’re incredibly interesting as you found out. When those theories are translated into therapy, it’s often about “making the unconscious conscious” (as Jung would put it). For Freud that might be recognizing destructive drives, for Berne the scripts we learned in early childhood, for Jung how archetypes influence our perception and how we give meaning to things, for Adler becoming conscious of underlying goals, life-lies and inferiority, for Bowlby how we are attached to others. In the end, this would hopefully give us the freedom to pursue the life that we want to live, feel the feelings we need to feel, and give meaning to the things we want to give meaning to.
I’m personally a huge advocate of responsibility and self-efficacy, so probably this shapes my view of those theories, but for me they all believe in free will and change (maybe not initially but ultimately), otherwise they would not have turned their theories into therapies. I believe that by understanding ourselves better (and every psychodynamic theory might touch on a slightly different aspect), we can better overcome challenges and thrive.
But, haha, I can understand how that might make you feel unsettled. Especially when you read Jung, watch out that you don’t lose touch with reality. He was certainly incredibly intelligent, and his theories are very interesting - but he is also quite intense and sometimes “out-there”. And please, please, if Jung does this to you: Don’t read Nietzsche!! :D
All the best for you and don’t despair ;)
@@PsychodynamicPsychology Alina, thank you for such thorough reply! Wish you success with your channel! And I noted about Nietzsche :)
@@blacky101011 Thank you so much :) You're very welcome, haha ;)
Great summary
Thank you!
Brilliant. Thank you.
Thank you for your comment, John.
Thanks
really useful video thank you
I'm glad it was helpful! :)
I'm just amazed of your work as I go through ur channel. This is the best explanation of explaining the 4 schools I've ever heard of. Thankyou so much for this vid.
Thank you so much for your kind comment! It made my day :)
Systemic psychotherapy comes very clearly out of general systems theory, which was applied to psychotherapy to families. It’s not like they just developed their own theories, all systemic approaches come out from general systems theory, an establish multidisciplinary theory applied to many different areas.
They also did not “borrow” psychodynamic and behavioural approaches, a systemic views on mind and behaviour is very different and seconds order circular.
Great content … yet the voice is a bit low and still there is a music which if removed or goes very low it would be amazing … thank you
this was quite helpful.
Thank you!
Great video. Super helpful therefore you're awesome. Boom!!!
Wow! Thank you 🎉
Good video!!
Thank you :) I'm glad you liked it!
Great video.👍
Thank you, Ivan! I'm so happy to hear you enjoyed it!
Thank you
My pleasure
Any comment on the dodo bird verdict?
Here fr my exam tomorrow at 9am
thank you :)
So glad it was helpful :)
CBT Therapy - Oxymoron!
its lıke psychodynamıc theory try understand but cbt try fıgure out and fındıng solutıon
I thought adler was a peer, alternative of freud not a follower
❤❤
🙏🌹🌹
So hard to hear her
Deutsche Herkunft, vielleicht?
Ja :)
Can you please remove the background music it's really irritating for person with ADHD
Black sheep in 2020?
Hi Ams! Hope you're doing well. I don't understand your comment unfortunately, do you care to elaborate? Best wishes :)
@@PsychodynamicPsychology your words PP read your script, in an arena where words have meaning and are the key to ones thoughts. It isn't just language as working with a patient or client will attest to. thanks for your curiosity and response :-)