What if the Admiral-Hipper class ships Seydlitz and Lützow would have been completed, and Blücher survived operation Weserübung? Do you think, that these cruisers would have made a significant difference?
Naval translation of commands uses a simple technique still in use today. Repeat command louder with appropriate expletives, sometimes add furious pointing and threats.
On the steering dreadnoughts question: in the film "The Wreck of the Mary Deare", the ship in question being a coal fired tramp steamer. there are brief views of the steering gear in action: a steam driven engine driving a gear on the rudder shaft. On the Lexington (CVT-16 in my day), there was no "feel" to the steering at all, just a bit of friction in the mechanism. On the wheel post itself was a mechanical indicator showing the rudder angle I was calling for. In front of me was a round dial with an arrow showing the actual rudder angle. I could spin the wheel to call for a specific rudder angle, then watch the indicator as the rudder responded. There is a WWII vintage LST preserved in Muskegon, Michigan, which I checked out 3 years ago. Rudder actuation is by motor, driving a capstan which pulls steel cables on the tiller. The capstan has handles so it can be cranked by hand.
@@T_Hoog Time, and technology, marches on. After writing the earlier post, I looked online and found several pix and diagrams of the steering gear on Liberty ships, which were very much like what I saw in the film, but Liberties were designed to a much lower technology standard than a late 30s BB. If someone on this board is a member of an engine room crew on a modern container or cruise ship, maybe he could weigh in on what is used now. I wouldn't be surprised if the rudders are moved by electric servos under computer control.
@@stevevalley7835 Modern cruise ships at least are starting to use azipods where there isn't a rudder as the entire pod containing the electric motor and prop or waterjet moves around in a vectored thrust concept.
English does not borrow from other languages. English follows other languages down dark alleys whacks other languages over their heads and goes through their pockets for loose words and phrases; usually to miss uses them.
@@swampdonkey1567 not quite to the extent of English to my understanding, there's a reason why English is so difficult to learn. It's like someone took three different languages through them into a blender and let it run for 2 minutes when the recipe said to run for seven or eight minutes.
35:53 an interesting point here is the large amount of black sailors in the royal navy and impressed into the royal navy during the early 1800s and late 1700s. Black sailors were seen in a very favourable light due to the much smaller amount of desertion as unfortunately there skin colour could often get them killed or sold off into slavery for appearing in settlements (this occurring mainly in the Americas). The admiration went so far that black sailors are commemorated on nelson column and many paintings of the Battle of Trafalgar, usually depicted as the man pointing out the sniper who shot Nelson. After the defeat of France and the subsequent huge reduction in the royal navy, the amount of people from foreign backgrounds reduced dramatically.
I think the turtle ship is like the Spitfire in many ways - designed to intercept invaders, short ranged, successfully defended their country, and became something of an icon.
Jacob Kim Adding to this is that Admiral Yi’s turtle ships weren’t the bulk of his forces, much like how the Spitfire was actually a minor part of the RAF during the BoB. The turtle ships were there because unlike the more numerous Panoeksun-type warships (which had the same cannons, but lacked the dragon head and protected roof), they could afford to get very close to Japanese vessels and break up their formations (since their covered deck made boarding very difficult). Yi had a specialized turtle ship squadron for this purpose of tying down enemy formations, but he himself always commanded from a modified Panoeksun (with an extra bridge deck for command purposes) and mostly took part in battleline and encirclement maneuvers rather than getting right up to the enemy.
Hey, Drach! Just wanted to say I love how far the channel has come. Through text to speech, audio problems, and video recordings, it has come a long way. Keep it up. Love this channel. 👍🏻
@00:32:02 Steering Gear -- from personal knowledge the C F Adams class DDGs used a pair of duplicate electro hydraulic units to operate dual rudders - the backup system was to run the electro hydraulic system manually with a trick wheel and give the operator steering commands via Sound Powered Telephone. The last ditch back-up system was a steering arm which would be dropped on to the steering post and moved with a block and tackle setup where two different block sets were set up in opposition to each other to pull the rudder to the desired location. The same basic system was also used on the next version of the DDG series 51 and following. While I don't know it from personal knowledge I expect that the Battleships and Cruisers used a similar system, and many modern designs especially the Iowas, the pivot point of the rudder is aft of the leading edge and similar to some WWI era airplanes the forward portion of the rudder acted to aid rudder angle changes. A careful look at the Sopwith Camel among others shows a rudder with the pivot aft of the leading edge. Lastly while not germane to the discussion here, there are documented reports of pilots bringing back planes using rudder and elevator trim tabs to control the rudder and elevator after losing the control of the rudder / elevator from battle damage. Thanks for another great Drydock.
Really enjoying the segmented questions on the time bar, I think it helps organize the Drydock. Thank you for the outstanding content and congratulations on being so close to your 100th episode, well done!
As a note, control surfaces like rudders can be designed for aerodynamic/hydrodynamic neutrality, or for a fixed bias, they do not necessarily have more force to turn when in motion. You can even use a small control surface located on a larger control surface to drag it around, as was done for the manual backups of airliners when redundant hydrophilic was less trusted and sizes still of a scale it was practical. Such ideas where known before pre-dreadnoughts as civil works like locks, dams and windmills tended to work this way to let one person move them without the sorts of power assist that would later become the normal way to get high forces. But I rather suspect steam vessels, what with having a steam powerplant so close to rudder, would use mechanical force boosters rather than designs to optimize the limited strength of the crewman actually trying to turn the wheel.
On the question about having wing turrets, and Drac's note that Fisher liked the idea of more armament being able to fire forward: I have read that on the Dunkerque and Richelieu class ships, all the main guns were placed forward so they could all be used to fire at Italian ships as they ran away. Now, I have only read that in one place, have no idea if that was the author's attempt at humor, and freely acknowledge that some Italian forced acquitted themselves well. I will further note that ships with 3 main, centerline, turrets usually have 2 forward and 1 aft, except for the French Normanie class, that had one quad turret forward and two quads aft. Of course, the Normandies look to me like the designers were expecting a drydock 100' longer to be available for construction, and, when such a facility was not built, simply erased A turret and cut the bow off the thing.
In Boise's case at Cape Esperance, a third option was introduced with the shell blowing open the hull enough to flood the forward magazines and prevent her loss.
Fantastic Dry Dock Drach, I always love listening to your work as I drive to work or as I am at work. In the books Six Frigates I believe its said that in the early 1800s that as much as 20 percent of the enlisted men in the US Navy were black. And in the Merchant Navy it was upwards of 35 to 40 percent at times. It was either Six Frigates or Ships of Oak/Guns of Iron. Most of the sailors in the early US Navy, white or black, would have come from the Northern states. So terminology, accents would have been broadly similar for most of the crew. Though I'm sure quite a few foreigners chose to serve aboard US ships for different reasons.
@@moritamikamikara3879 no more like I'm a German or Frenchman and if I serve aboard a US ship wether its Military or Merchant I have a far less likely chance of being flogged, beheaded, starved to death etc. The early US Navy was still rough and tumble but it was better then most Navies of the world.
Well done on trying to simply explain complicated technical subjects. One minor correction - magnetic mines did not break their moorings, they are ground mines, lying on the bottom.without moorings, which is why they are so suitable for air drops . They were originally swept by an electric pulse run though two cables of different lengths (the LL sweep), and then by divers and explosives and more recently by fully remote methods. Acoustic and pressure mines are similarly ground mines. Ground mines tend not to knock big holes in ships because there is no contact, but the shock breaks all the castings.
Just some fun facts around the question about languages and the age of sail. Norwegian sailors were popular amongst the expanding Dutch fleet in the 16th and 17th century, and as the Dutch private owned semi-corporate/army ships payed better than the Danish-Norwegian crown, many deserted to serve with the Dutch. This was enough of a problam to have the Danish king impose strict laws against hiring with the Dutch, but that didn't help. In fact, when New Amsterdam was established (present New York), many of the officers and men involved in that colony were in fact Norwegians, and some of those even gave names to some streets and houses there. Many norwegian men served for many years, before "retiring" back to Norway, bringing a lot of Dutch culture with them. In Southwestern Norway, people estimate that as many as 19% of the entire population served/lived with the Dutch for some time, the men on the ships and the women as maids in the Dutch towns. Many current Norwegian words related to sailing are in fact from Dutch (like Kabyss, Kahytt, Orlog, Bramseil, etc), and Southwestern norwegian house-architecture is still strongly influenced by Dutch impulses. Finally, the Dutch actually started making a lot of jokes about the stupid/naive Norwegians, and even today, some of their expressions still refere to Norwegians. And vice-verca, Norway have some expressions stemming from Dutch.
Ralph's Place Mixing up two guys here. The king you’re thinking of is Sejong the Great (who did invent the KOREAN written language), but the man behind the naval victories against the Japanese was Admiral Yi Sun-shin, who lived centuries later.
Bk Jeong yeah, King Seonjo (the one in charge at the time of the Imjin War) was kind of useless in a war scenario, and he fled well in advance of the Japanese army, something that shocked even the Japanese. To be fair he did a lot of good in purging corruption in the beginning of his reign, but the Imjin War proved he was not a war leader at all.
@@connormclernon26 Yep. A great peacetime head of state, awful wartime leader. His insane paranoia abut rebellious subordinates (which led to Admiral Yi's demotion and near-execution on false charges of treason, and subsequently the only Korean naval defeat of the war) didn't help matters.
Flat bottom had exactly the opposite effect, with vastly lower resistance to being dragged sideways cross beam and less conversion of energy during a 180° turn. Likewise when combined with lower taper towards ends it gave a high block coefficient that was hydrodynamically less efficient needing more force to move in the water, and didn't optimize water flow over the steering gear. All where known compromises to designers, and suited the roles requirements, but agility certainly suffered as result, rather than being a priority to those decisions.
@@NashmanNash Sure it wasn't James T. Kirk, 17 separate temporal violations, the biggest file on record with the Department of Temporal Investigations?
On "sqared-cubed," the easy to remember rule that I use is: if you increase the diameter of a gun barrel by 25%, you just about double the mass of the projectile (all dimensions being scaled equally). So that means that a 15" gun shell is twice as heavy as a 12" gun shell, if you can do that math in your head.
On the issue of unloading - the ability to unload firearms is only possible due to the rim or extractor groove of the cartridge case. Having moved to air guns only after being familiar with firearms, the inability to unload a pellet (save hammering it out from the muzzle) took a little getting used to.
Regarding the Mary Rose I had an interesting conversation with one of the curators of the museum, in which they made two points related to the topic of today's question. Firstly the reason for the varied nationalities on the Mary Rose is for a somewhat different than in the later period of the Age of Sail. The Tudor navy was drawing its manpower from a Britain without as broad a range of nautical experience as it would have in later centuries. For this reason it was commonplace to hire quite a significant portion of any given ship's crew from other countries, particularly the Netherlands, to provide a base of experienced crewmen. Secondly it is also believed that the Mary Rose's highly multilingual crew combined with the relatively new mechanics of operating in a broadside manner may have been cause to her demise. Though this is only conjecture, it would not be impossible to imagine that in the chaotic scene of the lower gundeck that the order to close the starboard gunports may have been given in one language only to not be properly relayed, and thus not understood, by gun crews speaking another who did not innately understand the necessity to do so. Something to think about at least, even if it is quite the extreme example of the potential difficulties of such a thing.
00:28:09 one method was to not load all the ammunition. The displacement was supposed to be based on being fully supplied for war, but some ships had a lesser amount of ammunition listed as the 'official' load, with room for more ammunition in the magazines.
Read "The Last Grain Race" by Eric Newby - the languages (and the working language) are an interesting study. Many merchant vessels were crewed in large part by West African Kru and Indian Lascar seamen, and Hong Kong Chinese laundrymen were common in larger RN vessels certainly as late as the Falklands campaign, Goanese and Maltese stewards were also prevalent.
The Midway fantasy scenarios that have the IJN sinking every US carrier while suffering no losses are interesting but ignore the end results would be as bad for the IJN. Including the WASP and Saratoga by the end of 1943 the US would have added 12 fleet and light carriers while the IJN would have added the Taiho. The Shinano would have continued as a battleship. With improved aircraft design and AA, that scenario only points to delaying the inevitable, but since we would be force to a Japan first instead of a Europe first strategy, it would not have extended that much further. That would delay Germany's defeat somewhat depending on how the Soviet took that strategy.
Kościuszko is the name Polish general who fights in Poland but also in the American revolutionary war, was an army engineer. Is easy to find pronunciation his name because he is a symbol of Polish/American friendship.
Bravo! Very enjoyable and informative. Would have stayed on for another hour. Certainly enjoyed the musings on war junk and turtle ships vs european navies. Right there is a subject worth this drydock, and has me off looking for more info on the web, although it will not be presented in such an entertaining way.
Oh wow Drach just touched on how English is Angelo-Saxon by nature with heavy influence from Romance languages... Really have to tip my hat on that one.
The first German magnetic mine was "captured" as dropped by parachute on mud flats on the River Thames and skillfully and heroically defused by mine experts from HMS Vernon.
00:18:50 You couldn't really use the wing turrets firing strait forward, as the muzzle blast would damage the ship. It's one of the main reasons cross deck fire was not really useful.
Turtleships in their "Heyday" were a rather scarce bunch, as far as I know. So a "Fleet" might be stretching it. In hindsight (as always), the Chinese would have certainly been better off continuing development on... well, everything. They were certainly ahead often enough.
UnDeaDCyBorg Yep, turtle ships were in a specialized unit for tying down and disrupting Japanese formations while the more numerous panoeksun (which had similar levels of firepower, but lacked the covered roof) pulled off battleline maneuvers to encircle or roll up the enemy vessels. The Battle of Hansando is a great example of how Admiral Yi liked to use turtle ships and panoeksun in conjunction-after luring out the Japanese into open water using a small panoeksun squadron, Yi ordered a Cannae-esque double envelopment maneuver (the infamous Crane Wing formation) with his main force of panoeksun, his flagship being part of the Korean centre. Meanwhile, he also sent his turtle ships into the encirclement to disrupt any Japanese maneuvers, tying down the enemy long enough for the encirclement to be completed.
Japanese wining Midway, I think that the worst impact would be loose of trained personnel able to operate carriers AND train the crews for the Essex STC fleet.
Hi Drachinifel. Thanks for the great videos. I was going to the town hall the other day (I live in Tromsø Norway, resting place of the mighty Tirpitz) , and noticed that the ships bell from HMS Devonshire was hanging there with a "Thanks for all the good work" inscription. I know a bit about the ship, but was hoping that you could tell a bit more about her and the class in general.
Drach, as far as web hosting goes, you might want to look into the free tiers at Google Cloud Platform, Amazon's AWS, or alternatively Ramnode is good, too. These would be for a VPS (virtual private server) than just a website, but honestly that's the way to go, you just have to set up your own web server. It's not that difficult. Your main issue is going to be bandwidth, and storage. Depending on the number of pictures you have, the storage and bandwidth will add up _very_ quickly if you're hosting them at any reasonable quality. Now, a free tier VPS with descriptions, thumbnails, and *links* (or embed, if possible) form archive.org, that would be great. You can also see if Jason Scott, the mad genius who runs textfiles.com (don't let the name fool you, he archives *everything* more or less) and see if he would be willing to do some of the hosting for you. You have similar goals. Seems like it would be similar to this part of the site he runs digitize.textfiles.com so you might reach out! His email is, shockingly, jason@textfiles.com, so seriously, he would probably be very interested in what you're doing, and if he cant directly help you, he will give advice and help. At least, based on his personality and goals, that's my best guess.
I would argue that a Japan that had cracked America's naval codes would not even attempt a Battle of Midway but instead ambush American Carrier Groups with overwhelming force to attrite their power. Two carriers being sent after the Home Islands? Send the Kido Butai. Two carriers covering Port Moresby? Send the Kido Butai. Just like that, you've knocked out more than half of American carrier power and they would be left with Saratoga, Wasp, and Ranger leaving them out of the fight for maybe a year, maybe more.
Iowas have a giant jack screw on each rudder that could be operated by hand. Someone told me you had to turn like a madman for like 15 minutes to get a few degrees of deflection. This came up when Wisconsin's "barn door stop" came up again.
Thankye, Sir. I recall going in and out of US ports on the Pacific and passing across the 'degaussing station' near the mouth of the harbor. The station consisted of two small buildings near the shoreline, one on each side of the harbor entrance. I was told at the time that some sort of cable connected them under water and it did it's thing when we passed by. I never really gave them much more thought after that beyond being a familiar landmark when leaving and entering port.
Agree, they are not much to look at from the surface. At best they look like a pair of break waters, a stationary floating pier or an aqua farm for kelp or bivalves, it's like a roofless car wash bay that you can park the ship within. The one at NOB is near the mouth of the Elizabeth River. If you know what to look for, it shows up on Google maps and looks (humorously) like the symbol for a capacitor.
Q-A what is the use of the diagonal spars that are attached to the sides of a lot earlier warships? The ham dreadnaught has them down her sides in the pic that you always use. Thanks love the content!
I believe those were for torpedo netting, when extended, something like a chainlink fence was put into the water surrounding the ship as a way to snag or make the torpedo detonate away from the hull. I know Drach answered a question about them in an earlier Drydock, which is where I learned the answer (assuming I'm remembering correctly).
The command language in the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Army was German. No matter what your mothertongue was, all the orders etc. were to be given in German. So in battle and during the daily drills, language was no problem. I suppose it was similar in the Navy. Additionally, while there were half a dozen main languages in German, the individual regiments were recruited in specific areas, making the untis mostly have one common language.
On creative accounting (though this is more about speed than just tonnage), there's a funny thing of when the germans recieved the SMS D 10 torpedo boat leader (a british 30-knotter TBDestroyer design of Thornycroft) in 1898 and they were puzzled why it maxed out a little over 27 knots on trials (between 26-27 knots in service) when it was literally the "30-knotter class". Turns out the brits and their ship classes at the time had their speed determined on trials with the bare minimum of fuel and supplies, a skeleton crew, and the guns and their turrets not yet installed, making for an impossibly light load.
In the early part of world war two, when the threat of an invasion was at it's height did the Royal navy have any plans to stop the invasion ? like using R class battleships to do a Yamato style attack by beaching themselves on the beaches of the invasion.
Biggest impact of Japanese intelligence- Pearl Harbour happens with the carriers in harbour. As for Midway, the Japanese expected the US carriers to turn up about a week after the initial assault & if they knew the US fleet was waiting for them they could have arrived with all 6 carriers plus the battlefleet in support. At that point, potentially also knowing where the US carriers are the carriers could be attacked first or at least the attack would be expected & no no confusion with arming/disarming/rearming aircraft as happened on the Japanese carriers on the day
i wonder if the navies of that time considered overpressure protection, some sort of blowoff panel or valve to reduce the damage from magazine cook off.
Well, you pretty much have to make the entire sides of the ship and maybe the entire deck a blowoff panel to keep yourself "intact" when the magazine cooks off. At THAT point, you may as well submerge the ship to put out the remaining fires.
The multi-lingual (& accents & dialects) nature of the army and the need to train foreign or colonial troops was (very likely) part of the reason things like sword guard positions, drill movements etc have very simple and concise names and other things like sword cuts (directions) and hand orientations are numbered in English works from about the 17th century onward.
Didn't the Japanese Invasions of Korea and Yi Sun-Sin's victories occur during the 1590s, not the fifteenth century? In which case, the turtle ships would be dealing with the relatively sophisticated, several hundred ton, cannon-armed galleons of the post Spanish-Armada era?
language problems can still happen, worked down on the docks and tied up a roro ship with french officers and a Burmese crew. Always wondered how that worked, how many Frenchmen speak Burmese and vis versa. would be interesting in a panicky situation IE fire.
00:45:31 There's a book, The secret war 1939-45 by Gerald Pawle, which covers the development of degaussing as well as the development of the Hedghog, and other weapons. It's free from the internet archive. archive.org/details/secretwar193945007234mbp
Tip for pronouncing Polish names as an English speaker: when a Z comes after a consonant, treat it like a (digraph-forming) H. This isn't perfect, but it gets you close. For example, you see Olszewski, you mentally turn it into Olshewski. You know that Germanic languages mix up v with w, so you guess /ol-SHEV-ski/. The actual pronunciation is closer to /O-SHEF-ski/, but at least you got close. And then you drive through northern Indiana and you see Kosciusko county and guess something like /koss-SCHOO-sko/, but the locals say /KOSS-key-OSS-ko/, because of course they do.
Myriad of potential reasons, accidental tapping, dissatosfaction with video length, answer, sound volume, didn't like the image on screen, questions of this episode, etc
I'm sorry but ever since MHV's video on the build strategy of the pacific war..... All Japanese possible win scenarios are just ridiculous.. Also Congrats Drach my birthday was on the 15th so I'll wish you a happy 150k as well :D
I haven't seen any indication of heavy cannon being put on Junks until the early 17th century. Breechloading swivel guns for sure after they had met the Portuguese but anything over anti-personal size didn't start until later.
@@Drachinifel Fair enough but that would still mean the Junk would be outgunned by 15th century carrack like vessels would it not? If you are interested Cannibals with Cannons: The Sino-Portuguese Clashes of 1521-1522 and the Early Chinese Adoption of Western Guns deals with this subject, although I did email the professor regarding the lack of heavy cannon adoption.
At Midway the USN *did* have a carrier out of the fight due to being on a supply run: Saratoga. Had the Japanese been able to actually invade Midway, Saratoga would have had time to get into the fight.
I thought she was in the yards repairing torpedo damage. The issue was getting escorts and patching together an air wing, as Yorktown had Saratoga's air wing. The result is the same though, with Sara getting to Midway right after the invasion. And that invasion may not have gone too well for the Japanese forces. Midway wasn't an unprepared outpost, the US forces there were MUCH better equipped and organized the units the Japanese defeated in early '42. The plans were for the invasion to begin at daybreak 5 June. The first Japanese attack did absolutely NO damage to any of Midway's defensive weaponry. There is no reason to think subsequent raids would have done too much more damage. The IJN didn't have any sort of NGFS doctrine and shelling pre-assault was iffy anyway in the dark. The reef is no closer than 200 yards from the atoll; Japanese landing craft would have to disembark their troops on the reef who then had a minimum 200 yard wade to shore. Under a hail of fire from the remaining guns the Americans had. Think Alligator Ridge on Guadalcanal a few months later, only more targets and the Marines had way better fire lanes on Midway. Once the assault had fizzled, there was no second wave to follow up. The Japanese could hammer the place into coral sand but would eventually have to head back home with the island battered but still in US hands.
@00:35:53 I suspect it was something along the lines of the French Foreign Legion immersion method. Perhaps an HMS Bellipotent school of English under the tutelage Master at Arms Claggart. Or for another literary reference Dotheboys Hall School of English.
Well with 12 14" vs 8 16" on bursting charges the 16s had about 30% more bursting charge per shell but 14s had 50%more barrels, so there's about 20%more explosive weight to use 14s assuming 14s will penetrate your opponents armor at the range.
maybe do a honourable mention for the 10-15 who got closest in the design comp... (i didnt enter personally... but would like to see some pictures of ppls designs)
I like that image of the three USN modern BB classes. I do think the South Dakotas are the best looking of these ships, especially from the side like this. I thought Saratoga was mostly hit by submarine torpedoes. And since, of the Yorktowns, only Enterprise survived 1942 I don't see how the period of the war and the quality of AAA makes all that much difference. I would have mentioned the rudders and the beam to length and left it at that.
Comparing the Lexington's Class turning ability to the Yorktown's made me think of this photo of CV-6 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)_and_destroyers_of_TF_16_maneuvering_under_attack_during_Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands_1942.jpg
I've had some experience helping set up a cathode system on a ex-- Russian submarine for electrolysis prevention as opposed to a zine or aluminum anode. I was told that this saw very similar to the degaussing system used for mines. So are they the same? Q&A
Yes "Romanic" might be a logical English word, but is not widely used for the descendants of latin. It is usually used in reference to Rome itself. "Romance" comes from a Latin word with a similar meaning to "romanic". The meaning about languages has a circuitous/indirect relation to the meanings related to love..
Romantic* Romantic languages And yes it has the same connotations as being related to love but that shit all came from the idea of "Romanticising" things because of the way Rome is revered which bled into novels and then created the "Romance" novel which then created the connotation that we know today
If you aren't studying Chinese history specifically, you mostly hear about war junks in the context of the Opium Wars / Unequal Treaties era, by which time they were pretty obsolete (and the naval tactics and overall military and for that matter diplomatic strategy with which they were used, were horrifically obsolete -- pointedly treating the leading world superpower like a minor vassal state and refusing to negotiate with them FTW). But yes, a few hundred years earlier they compared rather better.
Could you please do a talk on the ships used to transport cargo and or passengers in the 1870s to the Interwar period? There is much on the liberty ships of WW2 but frankly on normal merchant ships and liner ships there remain largely inaccessible to the public unless the person knows which website. Or maybe they are available in hardcopy books and manuscripts that was not in libraries. There was talk on steam turbines but were they put on private sector merchant ships? There was talk on using oil mixed with coal but do the liners use them? How much cargo and how volume and cargo was measured as in tons burden. Windjammers and schooners.
this puzzles me-why the picture of the 1944 ISE instead of the original design? Then the reference to the 6 barrel version instead of the 8 barrel version in the 30's. The photo does show one of my favorite ships because of the fact that it represents one of those worst of both worlds scenarios. This puts it into the FUSO class of being an ugly eyesore
Pinned post for Q&A :)
Silliest, worst, most inappropriate named warship?
What was a blast bag on the main and secondary battery for and its function?
What if Shinano had been completed as a battleship and lead Southern Force into Surigao Strait?
How might the Mediterranean Theatre have gone had Italy stuck with the Central Powers in WW1?
What if the Admiral-Hipper class ships Seydlitz and Lützow would have been completed, and Blücher survived operation Weserübung? Do you think, that these cruisers would have made a significant difference?
"Armor is dead weight" - peak Fisher right there
"Armor is dead weight, nobody will shoot the side of our ships because they'll be too busy running away"
Fischer, 190 IQ
polygondwanaland Pretty sure Beatty’s was much less
12:51 timestamp for those who want
Naval translation of commands uses a simple technique still in use today.
Repeat command louder with appropriate expletives, sometimes add furious pointing and threats.
Don't forget the occasional launching of binoculars
Officers in the royal navay leve the swearing to the chiefs
When you raise your voice you tend to start gesturing.
To issue a nautical order one must use the following mnemonic. COMMAND: Confuse, Obfuscate, Mispronounce, Mumble, Abbreviate, Nasalize, Drool.
@@chrisangus7078 . . . who leave it to the killicks . . .
On the steering dreadnoughts question: in the film "The Wreck of the Mary Deare", the ship in question being a coal fired tramp steamer. there are brief views of the steering gear in action: a steam driven engine driving a gear on the rudder shaft. On the Lexington (CVT-16 in my day), there was no "feel" to the steering at all, just a bit of friction in the mechanism. On the wheel post itself was a mechanical indicator showing the rudder angle I was calling for. In front of me was a round dial with an arrow showing the actual rudder angle. I could spin the wheel to call for a specific rudder angle, then watch the indicator as the rudder responded. There is a WWII vintage LST preserved in Muskegon, Michigan, which I checked out 3 years ago. Rudder actuation is by motor, driving a capstan which pulls steel cables on the tiller. The capstan has handles so it can be cranked by hand.
@@T_Hoog Time, and technology, marches on. After writing the earlier post, I looked online and found several pix and diagrams of the steering gear on Liberty ships, which were very much like what I saw in the film, but Liberties were designed to a much lower technology standard than a late 30s BB. If someone on this board is a member of an engine room crew on a modern container or cruise ship, maybe he could weigh in on what is used now. I wouldn't be surprised if the rudders are moved by electric servos under computer control.
@@stevevalley7835 Modern cruise ships at least are starting to use azipods where there isn't a rudder as the entire pod containing the electric motor and prop or waterjet moves around in a vectored thrust concept.
English does not borrow from other languages. English follows other languages down dark alleys whacks other languages over their heads and goes through their pockets for loose words and phrases; usually to miss uses them.
Lol
I am stealing this (good English practise). "Who says England is finished as a criminal nation?" - Ned Seagoon
I've heard this before but English isnt a language. English is three languages wearing a trenchcoat pretending to be one.
Too be fair this is just languages in general
@@swampdonkey1567 not quite to the extent of English to my understanding, there's a reason why English is so difficult to learn. It's like someone took three different languages through them into a blender and let it run for 2 minutes when the recipe said to run for seven or eight minutes.
35:53 an interesting point here is the large amount of black sailors in the royal navy and impressed into the royal navy during the early 1800s and late 1700s. Black sailors were seen in a very favourable light due to the much smaller amount of desertion as unfortunately there skin colour could often get them killed or sold off into slavery for appearing in settlements (this occurring mainly in the Americas). The admiration went so far that black sailors are commemorated on nelson column and many paintings of the Battle of Trafalgar, usually depicted as the man pointing out the sniper who shot Nelson.
After the defeat of France and the subsequent huge reduction in the royal navy, the amount of people from foreign backgrounds reduced dramatically.
We say no to pay to win , Large number, less awkward.
I think the turtle ship is like the Spitfire in many ways - designed to intercept invaders, short ranged, successfully defended their country, and became something of an icon.
Jacob Kim Adding to this is that Admiral Yi’s turtle ships weren’t the bulk of his forces, much like how the Spitfire was actually a minor part of the RAF during the BoB. The turtle ships were there because unlike the more numerous Panoeksun-type warships (which had the same cannons, but lacked the dragon head and protected roof), they could afford to get very close to Japanese vessels and break up their formations (since their covered deck made boarding very difficult).
Yi had a specialized turtle ship squadron for this purpose of tying down enemy formations, but he himself always commanded from a modified Panoeksun (with an extra bridge deck for command purposes) and mostly took part in battleline and encirclement maneuvers rather than getting right up to the enemy.
pip pip sir
When I woke up and didn't have a notification for the Drydock, I actually checked the date to make sure it really was Sunday. But all's well now
I was growing concerned as well.
Hey, Drach! Just wanted to say I love how far the channel has come. Through text to speech, audio problems, and video recordings, it has come a long way. Keep it up. Love this channel. 👍🏻
@00:32:02 Steering Gear -- from personal knowledge the C F Adams class DDGs used a pair of duplicate electro hydraulic units to operate dual rudders - the backup system was to run the electro hydraulic system manually with a trick wheel and give the operator steering commands via Sound Powered Telephone. The last ditch back-up system was a steering arm which would be dropped on to the steering post and moved with a block and tackle setup where two different block sets were set up in opposition to each other to pull the rudder to the desired location. The same basic system was also used on the next version of the DDG series 51 and following.
While I don't know it from personal knowledge I expect that the Battleships and Cruisers used a similar system, and many modern designs especially the Iowas, the pivot point of the rudder is aft of the leading edge and similar to some WWI era airplanes the forward portion of the rudder acted to aid rudder angle changes. A careful look at the Sopwith Camel among others shows a rudder with the pivot aft of the leading edge. Lastly while not germane to the discussion here, there are documented reports of pilots bringing back planes using rudder and elevator trim tabs to control the rudder and elevator after losing the control of the rudder / elevator from battle damage.
Thanks for another great Drydock.
Really enjoying the segmented questions on the time bar, I think it helps organize the Drydock. Thank you for the outstanding content and congratulations on being so close to your 100th episode, well done!
Especially since, somehow, the links to those times below the video don't always work. >.>
The description of every possible end of the USA-Japan pacific theater has me laughing.
As a note, control surfaces like rudders can be designed for aerodynamic/hydrodynamic neutrality, or for a fixed bias, they do not necessarily have more force to turn when in motion. You can even use a small control surface located on a larger control surface to drag it around, as was done for the manual backups of airliners when redundant hydrophilic was less trusted and sizes still of a scale it was practical. Such ideas where known before pre-dreadnoughts as civil works like locks, dams and windmills tended to work this way to let one person move them without the sorts of power assist that would later become the normal way to get high forces. But I rather suspect steam vessels, what with having a steam powerplant so close to rudder, would use mechanical force boosters rather than designs to optimize the limited strength of the crewman actually trying to turn the wheel.
On the question about having wing turrets, and Drac's note that Fisher liked the idea of more armament being able to fire forward: I have read that on the Dunkerque and Richelieu class ships, all the main guns were placed forward so they could all be used to fire at Italian ships as they ran away. Now, I have only read that in one place, have no idea if that was the author's attempt at humor, and freely acknowledge that some Italian forced acquitted themselves well. I will further note that ships with 3 main, centerline, turrets usually have 2 forward and 1 aft, except for the French Normanie class, that had one quad turret forward and two quads aft. Of course, the Normandies look to me like the designers were expecting a drydock 100' longer to be available for construction, and, when such a facility was not built, simply erased A turret and cut the bow off the thing.
At last, the Drydock . Coffeee on!
Thanks Drach, you're making lockdown a beautiful place. Your knowledge, passion and insight helps a great deal
In Boise's case at Cape Esperance, a third option was introduced with the shell blowing open the hull enough to flood the forward magazines and prevent her loss.
Boise again being saved by massive water leaks.
(Having to retire prior to Sunda Straight)
Fantastic Dry Dock Drach, I always love listening to your work as I drive to work or as I am at work.
In the books Six Frigates I believe its said that in the early 1800s that as much as 20 percent of the enlisted men in the US Navy were black.
And in the Merchant Navy it was upwards of 35 to 40 percent at times.
It was either Six Frigates or Ships of Oak/Guns of Iron.
Most of the sailors in the early US Navy, white or black, would have come from the Northern states. So terminology, accents would have been broadly similar for most of the crew. Though I'm sure quite a few foreigners chose to serve aboard US ships for different reasons.
You mean: "If I sail off to Britain, they might treat me a little better when we're in the pubs there" kind of reasons?
@@moritamikamikara3879 no more like I'm a German or Frenchman and if I serve aboard a US ship wether its Military or Merchant I have a far less likely chance of being flogged, beheaded, starved to death etc.
The early US Navy was still rough and tumble but it was better then most Navies of the world.
Well done on trying to simply explain complicated technical subjects. One minor correction - magnetic mines did not break their moorings, they are ground mines, lying on the bottom.without moorings, which is why they are so suitable for air drops . They were originally swept by an electric pulse run though two cables of different lengths (the LL sweep), and then by divers and explosives and more recently by fully remote methods. Acoustic and pressure mines are similarly ground mines. Ground mines tend not to knock big holes in ships because there is no contact, but the shock breaks all the castings.
Just some fun facts around the question about languages and the age of sail. Norwegian sailors were popular amongst the expanding Dutch fleet in the 16th and 17th century, and as the Dutch private owned semi-corporate/army ships payed better than the Danish-Norwegian crown, many deserted to serve with the Dutch.
This was enough of a problam to have the Danish king impose strict laws against hiring with the Dutch, but that didn't help. In fact, when New Amsterdam was established (present New York), many of the officers and men involved in that colony were in fact Norwegians, and some of those even gave names to some streets and houses there. Many norwegian men served for many years, before "retiring" back to Norway, bringing a lot of Dutch culture with them. In Southwestern Norway, people estimate that as many as 19% of the entire population served/lived with the Dutch for some time, the men on the ships and the women as maids in the Dutch towns. Many current Norwegian words related to sailing are in fact from Dutch (like Kabyss, Kahytt, Orlog, Bramseil, etc), and Southwestern norwegian house-architecture is still strongly influenced by Dutch impulses. Finally, the Dutch actually started making a lot of jokes about the stupid/naive Norwegians, and even today, some of their expressions still refere to Norwegians. And vice-verca, Norway have some expressions stemming from Dutch.
Turtle ships were actually relatively agile due to their shallow draft and flat bottom: their absolute speed suffered, however.
Ralph's Place
Mixing up two guys here. The king you’re thinking of is Sejong the Great (who did invent the KOREAN written language), but the man behind the naval victories against the Japanese was Admiral Yi Sun-shin, who lived centuries later.
Bk Jeong yeah, King Seonjo (the one in charge at the time of the Imjin War) was kind of useless in a war scenario, and he fled well in advance of the Japanese army, something that shocked even the Japanese.
To be fair he did a lot of good in purging corruption in the beginning of his reign, but the Imjin War proved he was not a war leader at all.
@@connormclernon26 Yep. A great peacetime head of state, awful wartime leader. His insane paranoia abut rebellious subordinates (which led to Admiral Yi's demotion and near-execution on false charges of treason, and subsequently the only Korean naval defeat of the war) didn't help matters.
Flat bottom had exactly the opposite effect, with vastly lower resistance to being dragged sideways cross beam and less conversion of energy during a 180° turn. Likewise when combined with lower taper towards ends it gave a high block coefficient that was hydrodynamically less efficient needing more force to move in the water, and didn't optimize water flow over the steering gear. All where known compromises to designers, and suited the roles requirements, but agility certainly suffered as result, rather than being a priority to those decisions.
@@connormclernon26 Also evidently proved his attempts at purging corruption were not sufficient either lol
I personally like the "pull trigger and throw away problem at high speed"-Method 😅
And if all goes well, you can throw away two problems with one trigger pull.
Timestamp?
Went straight to the degaussing/Philadelphia Experiment question and was utterly disappointed at the absence of time travel shenanigans.
you need to go to the History Channel
The true story, as it happend, is here: www.whisperforge.org/arsparadoxica/season-1
We all know it was Captain Janeway screwing the timeline again
@@NashmanNash Sure it wasn't James T. Kirk, 17 separate temporal violations, the biggest file on record with the Department of Temporal Investigations?
Fascinating stuff about the Chinese & Korean ships. Thanks Drach!
Norwegian master gunner: ILD!!
English gunner: short sharp exclamation, well I guess he means fire
Cheers Drac another excellent piece. Glad to hear about number of views on Texas
On "sqared-cubed," the easy to remember rule that I use is: if you increase the diameter of a gun barrel by 25%, you just about double the mass of the projectile (all dimensions being scaled equally). So that means that a 15" gun shell is twice as heavy as a 12" gun shell, if you can do that math in your head.
On the issue of unloading - the ability to unload firearms is only possible due to the rim or extractor groove of the cartridge case. Having moved to air guns only after being familiar with firearms, the inability to unload a pellet (save hammering it out from the muzzle) took a little getting used to.
Breach loading intensifies
Regarding the Mary Rose I had an interesting conversation with one of the curators of the museum, in which they made two points related to the topic of today's question.
Firstly the reason for the varied nationalities on the Mary Rose is for a somewhat different than in the later period of the Age of Sail. The Tudor navy was drawing its manpower from a Britain without as broad a range of nautical experience as it would have in later centuries. For this reason it was commonplace to hire quite a significant portion of any given ship's crew from other countries, particularly the Netherlands, to provide a base of experienced crewmen.
Secondly it is also believed that the Mary Rose's highly multilingual crew combined with the relatively new mechanics of operating in a broadside manner may have been cause to her demise. Though this is only conjecture, it would not be impossible to imagine that in the chaotic scene of the lower gundeck that the order to close the starboard gunports may have been given in one language only to not be properly relayed, and thus not understood, by gun crews speaking another who did not innately understand the necessity to do so. Something to think about at least, even if it is quite the extreme example of the potential difficulties of such a thing.
Great video as always, only one more to go, can’t want to see guide 100
Glad to see your work, its been a lot of fun to follow.
00:28:09 one method was to not load all the ammunition. The displacement was supposed to be based on being fully supplied for war, but some ships had a lesser amount of ammunition listed as the 'official' load, with room for more ammunition in the magazines.
Read "The Last Grain Race" by Eric Newby - the languages (and the working language) are an interesting study. Many merchant vessels were crewed in large part by West African Kru and Indian Lascar seamen, and Hong Kong Chinese laundrymen were common in larger RN vessels certainly as late as the Falklands campaign, Goanese and Maltese stewards were also prevalent.
The Midway fantasy scenarios that have the IJN sinking every US carrier while suffering no losses are interesting but ignore the end results would be as bad for the IJN. Including the WASP and Saratoga by the end of 1943 the US would have added 12 fleet and light carriers while the IJN would have added the Taiho. The Shinano would have continued as a battleship. With improved aircraft design and AA, that scenario only points to delaying the inevitable, but since we would be force to a Japan first instead of a Europe first strategy, it would not have extended that much further. That would delay Germany's defeat somewhat depending on how the Soviet took that strategy.
Kościuszko is the name Polish general who fights in Poland but also in the American revolutionary war, was an army engineer. Is easy to find
pronunciation his name because he is a symbol of Polish/American friendship.
Along with Casimer Pulaski.
Here,
th-cam.com/video/W7_Ad1mdxxM/w-d-xo.html
Have a song about him
""What are going to do, shoot us?" ... and then they did." Is peak Drach.
Bravo! Very enjoyable and informative. Would have stayed on for another hour.
Certainly enjoyed the musings on war junk and turtle ships vs european navies. Right there is a subject worth this drydock, and has me off looking for more info on the web, although it will not be presented in such an entertaining way.
Oh wow Drach just touched on how English is Angelo-Saxon by nature with heavy influence from Romance languages... Really have to tip my hat on that one.
Bit more than that lol
The first German magnetic mine was "captured" as dropped by parachute on mud flats on the River Thames and skillfully and heroically defused by mine experts from HMS Vernon.
Romney marshes?
Of course, if you unload a 16" shell, what the heck would you do with it inside a turret? Shell handling is one-way.
00:18:50 You couldn't really use the wing turrets firing strait forward, as the muzzle blast would damage the ship. It's one of the main reasons cross deck fire was not really useful.
Turtleships in their "Heyday" were a rather scarce bunch, as far as I know. So a "Fleet" might be stretching it.
In hindsight (as always), the Chinese would have certainly been better off continuing development on... well, everything.
They were certainly ahead often enough.
UnDeaDCyBorg
Yep, turtle ships were in a specialized unit for tying down and disrupting Japanese formations while the more numerous panoeksun (which had similar levels of firepower, but lacked the covered roof) pulled off battleline maneuvers to encircle or roll up the enemy vessels.
The Battle of Hansando is a great example of how Admiral Yi liked to use turtle ships and panoeksun in conjunction-after luring out the Japanese into open water using a small panoeksun squadron, Yi ordered a Cannae-esque double envelopment maneuver (the infamous Crane Wing formation) with his main force of panoeksun, his flagship being part of the Korean centre. Meanwhile, he also sent his turtle ships into the encirclement to disrupt any Japanese maneuvers, tying down the enemy long enough for the encirclement to be completed.
The Dry Dock jingle!
It's time to learn something new!
Japanese wining Midway, I think that the worst impact would be loose of trained personnel able to operate carriers AND train the crews for the Essex STC fleet.
Hi Drachinifel. Thanks for the great videos. I was going to the town hall the other day (I live in Tromsø Norway, resting place of the mighty Tirpitz) , and noticed that the ships bell from HMS Devonshire was hanging there with a "Thanks for all the good work" inscription. I know a bit about the ship, but was hoping that you could tell a bit more about her and the class in general.
Drach, as far as web hosting goes, you might want to look into the free tiers at Google Cloud Platform, Amazon's AWS, or alternatively Ramnode is good, too. These would be for a VPS (virtual private server) than just a website, but honestly that's the way to go, you just have to set up your own web server. It's not that difficult.
Your main issue is going to be bandwidth, and storage. Depending on the number of pictures you have, the storage and bandwidth will add up _very_ quickly if you're hosting them at any reasonable quality.
Now, a free tier VPS with descriptions, thumbnails, and *links* (or embed, if possible) form archive.org, that would be great.
You can also see if Jason Scott, the mad genius who runs textfiles.com (don't let the name fool you, he archives *everything* more or less) and see if he would be willing to do some of the hosting for you. You have similar goals.
Seems like it would be similar to this part of the site he runs digitize.textfiles.com so you might reach out!
His email is, shockingly, jason@textfiles.com, so seriously, he would probably be very interested in what you're doing, and if he cant directly help you, he will give advice and help. At least, based on his personality and goals, that's my best guess.
I would argue that a Japan that had cracked America's naval codes would not even attempt a Battle of Midway but instead ambush American Carrier Groups with overwhelming force to attrite their power. Two carriers being sent after the Home Islands? Send the Kido Butai. Two carriers covering Port Moresby? Send the Kido Butai. Just like that, you've knocked out more than half of American carrier power and they would be left with Saratoga, Wasp, and Ranger leaving them out of the fight for maybe a year, maybe more.
Iowas have a giant jack screw on each rudder that could be operated by hand. Someone told me you had to turn like a madman for like 15 minutes to get a few degrees of deflection. This came up when Wisconsin's "barn door stop" came up again.
Thankye, Sir. I recall going in and out of US ports on the Pacific and passing across the 'degaussing station' near the mouth of the harbor. The station consisted of two small buildings near the shoreline, one on each side of the harbor entrance. I was told at the time that some sort of cable connected them under water and it did it's thing when we passed by. I never really gave them much more thought after that beyond being a familiar landmark when leaving and entering port.
Agree, they are not much to look at from the surface. At best they look like a pair of break waters, a stationary floating pier or an aqua farm for kelp or bivalves, it's like a roofless car wash bay that you can park the ship within. The one at NOB is near the mouth of the Elizabeth River. If you know what to look for, it shows up on Google maps and looks (humorously) like the symbol for a capacitor.
You know what's a really interesting ship? The Hunley. The confederate sub , even her development was a clusterfuck of brilliance and accidents .
Come on Drachinifel, we need a full breakdown of the Philadelphia Experiment. Spooky Halloween special perhaps. :)
Maybe there is a review of the movie on "Good bad flicks" channel.
Q-A what is the use of the diagonal spars that are attached to the sides of a lot earlier warships? The ham dreadnaught has them down her sides in the pic that you always use. Thanks love the content!
I believe those were for torpedo netting, when extended, something like a chainlink fence was put into the water surrounding the ship as a way to snag or make the torpedo detonate away from the hull. I know Drach answered a question about them in an earlier Drydock, which is where I learned the answer (assuming I'm remembering correctly).
The flash fire will also burn off most or all of the O2 in the room, at least temporarily.
The command language in the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Army was German. No matter what your mothertongue was, all the orders etc. were to be given in German. So in battle and during the daily drills, language was no problem.
I suppose it was similar in the Navy.
Additionally, while there were half a dozen main languages in German, the individual regiments were recruited in specific areas, making the untis mostly have one common language.
On creative accounting (though this is more about speed than just tonnage), there's a funny thing of when the germans recieved the SMS D 10 torpedo boat leader (a british 30-knotter TBDestroyer design of Thornycroft) in 1898 and they were puzzled why it maxed out a little over 27 knots on trials (between 26-27 knots in service) when it was literally the "30-knotter class".
Turns out the brits and their ship classes at the time had their speed determined on trials with the bare minimum of fuel and supplies, a skeleton crew, and the guns and their turrets not yet installed, making for an impossibly light load.
DRACH !
and the sunday is perfect :)
In the early part of world war two, when the threat of an invasion was at it's height did the Royal navy have any plans to stop the invasion ? like using R class battleships to do a Yamato style attack by beaching themselves on the beaches of the invasion.
Welcome to the channel!
Lucky you, the mega DD episode 92 covers exactly what you seek (3:13 approx).
Age of Sail boatswains were remarkably skilled at teaching people English.
Biggest impact of Japanese intelligence- Pearl Harbour happens with the carriers in harbour.
As for Midway, the Japanese expected the US carriers to turn up about a week after the initial assault & if they knew the US fleet was waiting for them they could have arrived with all 6 carriers plus the battlefleet in support. At that point, potentially also knowing where the US carriers are the carriers could be attacked first or at least the attack would be expected & no no confusion with arming/disarming/rearming aircraft as happened on the Japanese carriers on the day
The change between Helm orders / Rudder orders is supposed to have caused one of Warspite's "close encounters of the Warspite kind".
i wonder if the navies of that time considered overpressure protection, some sort of blowoff panel or valve to reduce the damage from magazine cook off.
Well, you pretty much have to make the entire sides of the ship and maybe the entire deck a blowoff panel to keep yourself "intact" when the magazine cooks off. At THAT point, you may as well submerge the ship to put out the remaining fires.
I am Proud that the Texas video is around a million views... Now to share it with every Texan I know to make it go higher...
The multi-lingual (& accents & dialects) nature of the army and the need to train foreign or colonial troops was (very likely) part of the reason things like sword guard positions, drill movements etc have very simple and concise names and other things like sword cuts (directions) and hand orientations are numbered in English works from about the 17th century onward.
Thank you.
I found that in springsharp i would run into a couple of slightly esoteric problems, mainly leangth to beam to draugth ratios and Bow/Stern incline
Didn't the Japanese Invasions of Korea and Yi Sun-Sin's victories occur during the 1590s, not the fifteenth century? In which case, the turtle ships would be dealing with the relatively sophisticated, several hundred ton, cannon-armed galleons of the post Spanish-Armada era?
Yi iterated and improved on an older design that had fallen out of use
William Holt - Canons which would be utterly unable to penetrate the armor on the Turtle Ships.
language problems can still happen, worked down on the docks and tied up a roro ship with french officers and a Burmese crew. Always wondered how that worked, how many Frenchmen speak Burmese and vis versa. would be interesting in a panicky situation IE fire.
00:45:31 There's a book, The secret war 1939-45 by Gerald Pawle, which covers the development of degaussing as well as the development of the Hedghog, and other weapons. It's free from the internet archive. archive.org/details/secretwar193945007234mbp
Drach trying to resist being summoned by someone at 44:00
Always great!
Polish ship? Pronounced Cossie-oss-co, At least in this part of the world as it is Australia’s highest mountain.
Or Ko-chus-co in Polish.
What? Kos-tsyush-ko
You have company: It's "Kozzie-oss-coe" county in Indiana.
I've always pronounced it "kosh-choosh-ko".
Along with Pulaski, Kosciuszko was a hero of the American Revolution. Chalk up another Polish finger in the Crown's eye!.
Tip for pronouncing Polish names as an English speaker: when a Z comes after a consonant, treat it like a (digraph-forming) H. This isn't perfect, but it gets you close. For example, you see Olszewski, you mentally turn it into Olshewski. You know that Germanic languages mix up v with w, so you guess /ol-SHEV-ski/. The actual pronunciation is closer to /O-SHEF-ski/, but at least you got close.
And then you drive through northern Indiana and you see Kosciusko county and guess something like /koss-SCHOO-sko/, but the locals say /KOSS-key-OSS-ko/, because of course they do.
Is there going to be another ship design challenge for a ship type or certain time
Why is there a thumbs down 27minutes after the video is launched when it over an hour long?
Myriad of potential reasons, accidental tapping, dissatosfaction with video length, answer, sound volume, didn't like the image on screen, questions of this episode, etc
I'm sorry but ever since MHV's video on the build strategy of the pacific war..... All Japanese possible win scenarios are just ridiculous.. Also Congrats Drach my birthday was on the 15th so I'll wish you a happy 150k as well :D
I haven't seen any indication of heavy cannon being put on Junks until the early 17th century. Breechloading swivel guns for sure after they had met the Portuguese but anything over anti-personal size didn't start until later.
Most cannon on 14th-15th century ships were anti-personal or barely above that as well :)
@@Drachinifel Fair enough but that would still mean the Junk would be outgunned by 15th century carrack like vessels would it not?
If you are interested Cannibals with Cannons: The Sino-Portuguese Clashes of 1521-1522 and the Early Chinese Adoption of Western Guns deals with this subject, although I did email the professor regarding the lack of heavy cannon adoption.
At Midway the USN *did* have a carrier out of the fight due to being on a supply run: Saratoga. Had the Japanese been able to actually invade Midway, Saratoga would have had time to get into the fight.
I thought she was in the yards repairing torpedo damage. The issue was getting escorts and patching together an air wing, as Yorktown had Saratoga's air wing. The result is the same though, with Sara getting to Midway right after the invasion. And that invasion may not have gone too well for the Japanese forces. Midway wasn't an unprepared outpost, the US forces there were MUCH better equipped and organized the units the Japanese defeated in early '42. The plans were for the invasion to begin at daybreak 5 June. The first Japanese attack did absolutely NO damage to any of Midway's defensive weaponry. There is no reason to think subsequent raids would have done too much more damage. The IJN didn't have any sort of NGFS doctrine and shelling pre-assault was iffy anyway in the dark. The reef is no closer than 200 yards from the atoll; Japanese landing craft would have to disembark their troops on the reef who then had a minimum 200 yard wade to shore. Under a hail of fire from the remaining guns the Americans had. Think Alligator Ridge on Guadalcanal a few months later, only more targets and the Marines had way better fire lanes on Midway. Once the assault had fizzled, there was no second wave to follow up. The Japanese could hammer the place into coral sand but would eventually have to head back home with the island battered but still in US hands.
@00:35:53 I suspect it was something along the lines of the French Foreign Legion immersion method. Perhaps an HMS Bellipotent school of English under the tutelage Master at Arms Claggart. Or for another literary reference Dotheboys Hall School of English.
Greatest ship ever. She belonged in her own place of honor next to HMS Victory.
This video lacks a Q&A post, if I am not faster than the man himself.
@1:08:55: Mate, we absolutely would fund a Kickstarter or something to make that happen and cover hosting cost for a decade or two ;)
Hopefully your sub count will get a lot higher
Well with 12 14" vs 8 16" on bursting charges the 16s had about 30% more bursting charge per shell but 14s had 50%more barrels, so there's about 20%more explosive weight to use 14s assuming 14s will penetrate your opponents armor at the range.
are you fishing while your doing this? I swear i heard something "plop" into the water and you kicked a bucket a few times.
Hey Drach, can you do an article about the Swiss Navy in the 19th Century?
maybe do a honourable mention for the 10-15 who got closest in the design comp... (i didnt enter personally... but would like to see some pictures of ppls designs)
00:05:31 Thanks a bunch.
I like that image of the three USN modern BB classes. I do think the South Dakotas are the best looking of these ships, especially from the side like this.
I thought Saratoga was mostly hit by submarine torpedoes. And since, of the Yorktowns, only Enterprise survived 1942 I don't see how the period of the war and the quality of AAA makes all that much difference. I would have mentioned the rudders and the beam to length and left it at that.
Comparing the Lexington's Class turning ability to the Yorktown's made me think of this photo of CV-6
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)_and_destroyers_of_TF_16_maneuvering_under_attack_during_Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands_1942.jpg
I've had some experience helping set up a cathode system on a ex-- Russian submarine for electrolysis prevention as opposed to a zine or aluminum anode. I was told that this saw very similar to the degaussing system used for mines. So are they the same? Q&A
how to win a ship competions by Drach, just make the ship as efficient as possible to make his engineering mind have some happy time.
41:11 French (and thus Latin and Greek) was *forced* on the Anglo-Saxons by William The Bastard.
This posted three minutes ago how is your comment an hour old lol
@@pf6797 Patreons have early access.
The Saxons tought the English to angle. Henceforth they were called Anglo-Saxons.
On a Tudor warship, most of the crew would understand English and French? Reminder to self to not ask Drach language based questions in the future
English or French :)
They are not romance languages, they are Romanic, meaning derived from the Roman language, (that being Latin).
Yes "Romanic" might be a logical English word, but is not widely used for the descendants of latin. It is usually used in reference to Rome itself. "Romance" comes from a Latin word with a similar meaning to "romanic". The meaning about languages has a circuitous/indirect relation to the meanings related to love..
Romantic*
Romantic languages
And yes it has the same connotations as being related to love but that shit all came from the idea of "Romanticising" things because of the way Rome is revered which bled into novels and then created the "Romance" novel which then created the connotation that we know today
If you aren't studying Chinese history specifically, you mostly hear about war junks in the context of the Opium Wars / Unequal Treaties era, by which time they were pretty obsolete (and the naval tactics and overall military and for that matter diplomatic strategy with which they were used, were horrifically obsolete -- pointedly treating the leading world superpower like a minor vassal state and refusing to negotiate with them FTW). But yes, a few hundred years earlier they compared rather better.
Got champagne chilling for 100
What was the sound at 43:58 and on? I first thought it was made to demonstrate something?
Could you please do a talk on the ships used to transport cargo and or passengers in the 1870s to the Interwar period? There is much on the liberty ships of WW2 but frankly on normal merchant ships and liner ships there remain largely inaccessible to the public unless the person knows which website. Or maybe they are available in hardcopy books and manuscripts that was not in libraries. There was talk on steam turbines but were they put on private sector merchant ships? There was talk on using oil mixed with coal but do the liners use them? How much cargo and how volume and cargo was measured as in tons burden. Windjammers and schooners.
Just for fun.. a small inflatable dinghy vs. 300 rubber ducks. ?
Best nerf gun ?
Most insulting naval curse ?
Best food on ships?
300 dinghys vs 1 of these
www.cnn.com/travel/amp/hong-kong-giant-duck/index.html
Can you review the only 2 battleships in Chinese history? The Zhengyuan and Dingyuan.
this puzzles me-why the picture of the 1944 ISE instead of the original design? Then the reference to the 6 barrel version instead of the 8 barrel version in the 30's. The photo does show one of my favorite ships because of the fact that it represents one of those worst of both worlds scenarios. This puts it into the FUSO class of being an ugly eyesore