A Brief History of Geologic Time
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 พ.ค. 2024
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By looking at the layers beneath our feet, geologists have been able to identify and describe crucial episodes in life’s history. These key events frame the chapters in the story of life on earth and the system we use to bind all these chapters together is the Geologic Time Scale.
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: 252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
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References:
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/...
academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/...
www.pnas.org/content/112/47/14...
www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/...
www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/a...
www.strata-smith.com/?page_id=279
blogs.scientificamerican.com/...
earthscienceshistory.org/doi/p...
www.le.ac.uk/gl/ads/SiberianTr...
books.google.com/books?id=rmr...
palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2011/...
www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6...
www.pnas.org/content/95/19/110...
humanorigins.si.edu/human-char...
www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/...
www.sciencedaily.com/releases...
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/...
burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/sci...
science.nasa.gov/science-news...
www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-...
www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/li...
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www.scientificamerican.com/ar...
www.scientificamerican.com/ar...
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary...
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geol...
www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G204...
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Steno, N. (1916). 1669: De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus. Florence, 78p.
Hancock, Paul L; Skinner, Brian J, Oxford Companion to the Earth, Oxford University Press, 2000
www.nature.com/news/anthropoce...
Addition to image credits: some footage from this episode is from VideoBlocks.com - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I feel extremely lucky to be living in this specific part in time when science allows us to find some of these things out.
Science doesn't allow us to do that. We came up with the philosophy underlying the scientific method. Our human brains came up with that philosophy. And those human brains came about because of natural selection and evolution. And natural selection and evolution came about due to natural processes. So it's the natural processes studying themselves that is really happening, which is really trippy if you think about it...
@@Luboman411 bro look up reptillian politicians on youtube and THEN youll know the truth. Until then you're just gonna remain in the dark bro. Sleep and a sheep.
nerd
@@ether6136 are you dumb?
???
The two branches of science that truly make you feel insignificant: Astro Physics and Geology. Yes, we are really that small, in every way possible to imagine.
True, nice comment
Coincidentally my two favourite branches of science
Sure
@@alphaarcva_1679
Same.
Hmm, so you can say that the study of earth and sky would humble the most arrogant of humans. Kinda poetic.
“...No matter how our chapter ends up, we get to be characters in a truly amazing story.” It’s inspiring indeed.
inspiring to freakin' die and extinct as species huh
See how there is no evidence of gods here - get real, humans, its a total fallacy !
I find it sad
Hopefully this corona-virus will wipe us out.
sad that we collectively were incapable of being a positive force instead of being even more destructive than asteroid strikes and massive ice ages. Hopefully our successors will not be cursed with religion, greed and hatred.
3:34 hadean eon
4:25 archean eon
4:55 Proterozoic eon
5:28 Phanerozoic eon
6:00 paleozoic era
7:41 the great dying
8:10 mesozoic era
8:40 cretaceous-paleogene extinction event
9:46 cenezoic era
10:31 ice age
Thank you for this
gracias vos
te lo agradezco mucho
tu no sabes cuanto te lo agradezco
estoy haciendo un trabajo y me preguntan del ice age
Step 1: Get ready for bed
Step 2: See new Eons video
Step 3: Watch new Eons video
Step 4: Fall into science video rabbit hole for the next few hours
Step 5: Get no sleep
Damn you PBS Eons, but also I love you..
I’m in danger of doing this tonight 😂
Works better at .75 playback speed
Cool video
I was once a viewer like you
Until I took an arrow to the knee.
This is my game plan tonight!
It's a bug it's a fish. It's weird strange water bugs and strange fish. ITS THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION.
Dingo 154 Fish in the Cambrian?
Even crazier space dust
Can you imagine a Cambrian superhero series? Anomalocaris vs. the evil Dickensonia and his Ediacaran henchmen... er... hench-biota? hench-things? hench-worms? The characters need fleshing out, but I'm liking the idea. Marvel, are you listening?
dang nabbit i was about to comment something along those lines
The sun is a deadly laser
"And our very bodies will be the index fossils of this time."
That is f**king metal
He meant your skeleton will be embedded in rocks billions of years in the future.
The soft parts of your dead body will have been eaten by microbes and rats many long millions of years before your fossil skeleton is dug out of the bedrock.
@@petergibson2318 so metallllll 🤤🤘🌈
@@elihyland4781 metal will erode and oxidize away eventually. Being metal is whack.
@@animationspace8550 🤯 what’s the coolest thing to be?!
I'd like to be recorded as "She died with a full stomach." HAHA
10:37 So no one's gonna mention the Manny, Sid, and Diego reference from Ice Age?
Well, more like a fact than a reference.
@@animax2422 Mmm that was very clearly a reference! I mean of all the species to mention as a trio 😁
I would love to see Supercontinents and relative climate.
I want to physically see how the continents moved with reference to what life forms were living on it during these periods.
Thank you!
On Curiosity Stream there is a great video series, The Rise of the Continents, that discusses this topic in detail.
Just not at actual speed...
Yaass, I would love to see that too
th-cam.com/video/KfYn9KVya-Q/w-d-xo.html
study geology then
This is absolutely fantastic. Thank you guys for your tremendous efforts that make this channel stand out
Yeah this channel is amazing!
I live in an area where I can walk to the late cambrian and end in the mesozoic. There are trace fossils everywhere and I can see the remains of the eruptions that broke up Pangaea. It is an honor to be able to look at the traces of events of that magnitude
In what area do you live?
WHERE YOU LIVE I MUST KNOW
Thank you sharing your lectures with us. I'm 68 and I'm watching because I would like to understand the forces and processes that formed this world. I normally watch on my TV but I'm using my computer this morning. From Pico Rivera, (LA).
hey there, I know your comment is a few years old, but the Internet likes to keep its fossiles, too. I'm sure by now someone else had informed you, but I hope this comment might help to inspire to go through some older comments: computer science is very advanced these days and crime never sleeps; thus it's best to keep ones own name and location as secretiv as possible. The worst of our kind that seem way to plentiful these days like to exploit easy information for identity theft and such. Keep safe, friend. And keep learning!
Hey,I just wanted to jump in and tell you how happy I was to see the most recent couple longer episodes. I had made a post a few weeks ago about how I loved the show but I felt that the length was too short and it needed more. You replied and let me know there were some longer form episodes coming. I know that it will change from episode to episode, but I just wanted to make sure you guys knew I really enjoyed the longer ones. You guys are an inspiration and I wish that we had these when I was younger.
I have a nephew who loves these as well. He's a little too young to fully understand but too old for much of the children's content on similar subjects so I spend some time every week "translating" these for him into a kid friendly format - retaining as much of the information as possible but explaining it in a way that a 10 year old can really wrap his head around and digest. He really loved the episodes on the illustrated history of dinosaurs and when whales could walk. And I've enjoyed them all. It's great. Cheers.
Aha I remember reading your other conment
Steven Utter I am sorry if the choice of words was strange. I just meant to show my appreciation for what they were doing and let them know that I remembered what they said and was still watching. I went ahead and edited it to be more clear.
Your amazing man! Hats off to you! :D
Steven Utter there's no need to be rude! Feedbacks good, and everyone likes to know people are enjoying their content and format ❤️ if you don't have anything nice to say ... 😉✨
Say, maybe you can approach Google Translate about adding "10 Year Old" to their list of translations! 😉😀😃
I love these longer form vids!
What a strange world we live in, where 12 minutes is considered longform.
Ian Buck He said longer, not long.
Zez right, it all depends on what you compare it to. Compared to other documentaries about geologic history, it's quite short.
Ian Buck Comapred to the other PBS Eons videos it's double the average.
Mazidox Gaming ñ
“I still miss those guys” - unquestionably my favourite funny quote in this video. I love your knowledge, enthusiasm and sense of humour, guys! Thank you for making those videos. You make a difference in this internet full of worthless crap! 🙂❤️😊
Actually, eons are typically around 10 minutes long.
Jacksonian Sonex Super underrated comment 🤣😂
Kevin O he’s talking about the channels videos! That’s how long they usually are! It’s a joke!
i get it, its this channels videos average video length lol
IT'S THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION.
THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER!
*We Can make a Religion of this!*
Charles Lee2 it's been a religion
Wow that's animals and stuff.
@StablizdBlodd - is it not our gravity which directs the suns harmful 'solar wind' away and around the earth ?
I teach Earth Science and I’d Love some videos that focus on the methods used by historical geologists like paleomagnetism, ice core sampling, radio metric dating, etc. THANKS! Love this channel!
How does a species dna 🧬 just know to adapt and evolve? For example with the two fish where one of them just grew teeth. Like how did it know to do that?
The DNA does not "know" how to adapt. There is no intentionality in evolution. The adaptation comes about as a result of natural selection of certain genotypes generation after generation. If an animal is more fit due to its genetic makeup, it will have more offspring. And so on... There is much more to this topic than I can type.
@@chrisfern4699
It’s oddly comforting to know the earth with survive humans and life will go on no matter the level of destruction we bring.
humans are probably the single most adaptable species to ever live on earth. there is every reason to expect that whatever changes that come to the earth, our own doing or externally, we will survive it. i have seen models that suggest that the energy necessary to ensure our extinction rivals that necessary to simply eliminate the biosphere entirely.
the thing about climate change that everyone fails to understand is that its a change. earth wont turn into Venus. it might get a lot warmer, ice caps may disappear altogether. we might even see tropical climates above the arctic circle again. but earth will still be habitable. well for a while anyway.
change will beget wars. and it may be an unpleasant time. but there will be a new normal afterwards. one where humans will probably thrive, and new species will adapt.
What "level of destruction" are we bringing? Have you not listened to anything in these videos? We pale in comparison to what the Earth went through in the past, and for the amount of time it did so!
@@Spetsop I think that's what JangriBird means. Life will go on because we'll never be more destructive than gelology.
so all we have to do is keep an eye on nature and make sure we deal with any genuine bulshit like the death of the sun or maybe an even bigger asteroid.
@@jondepinet thx for that
@@Spetsop You are arguing the same point!
I'm currently reading "At The Mountains Of Madness" by H.P. Lovecraft, and all the plot about incredibly ancient times and beings just fueled my geological curiosity. I'm glad I found this channel!
It is obligatory to also read, "Narrative of A. Gordon Pym".
It's really funny IMHO, that Lovecraft's horror provoked an interest in geology.
I'll also recommend The Shadow Out of Time on that subject. Although some of his ages are pretty off based on what we know nowadays. Still great as a cosmic horror story though.
Love how up-to-date this material is. Mentions the possibility of life in the Hadean Eon, amd the emerging realization that dinosaur extinction likely had multiple causes.
I'd love to see more of geology explored and explained. There are always small snippets here and there, but it's hard to find a comprehensive video series that is educational, informative and entertaining. How are different layers formed, what kind of minerals do you find in those layers, how to identify them, etc etc. Information about different minerals and crystal formations and variations, distinctive traits and ways to identify them. Thank you!
If you’re still really interested in this stuff I highly recommend googling open geology. There are multiple geology textbooks online that are completely free and can satisfy your curiosity. Geology is truly fascinating.
I'm very drunk, fyi. However, this is amazing and so far you guys have presented this so expertly.
I keep stumbling upon the PBS Eons videos. You all are awesome! Thank you so much for giving us these well-produced, highly informative videos!
I loved it. I was really missing a presentation on the time scales so common in the videos. It should been the first video on the channel.
It's sad to see how much underrated this channel is. Such good content, yet only about 1 million subscribers. If they did same quality content on something else, say games etc. I think it would be 10x as much. People are drifting away from these. 😞😞
This channel teaches me in a way I never grasped in school. Love it!
I cried and had goosebumps whilst watching the history of a little rock suspended on the space by gravity that sustains lifeforms. This is the most magical and poetic thing I have ever learnt in my life so far.
Thanks for providing a history of the evolution of geologic time. Most people have no idea. I love how you touched on primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Only the quaternary is the only one left.
i really liked this episode, hope they continue the format of the time frame expansion
OMG one episode of this channel is so much better than a whole week of my undergrad geology class. Thank you PBS Eon! Love you soo much.
You are attending the wrong place of learning by the sound of this !!!!
What an amazing channel! Too cool for school! But seriously, love how you condensed the whole story of earth!!!
Thanks for this video. Until now, the various "named chunks of time" were just something I tried to remember which animals and events were in. I had no idea that they were classified into such a satisfying hierarchy of scales! It's much easier to organize and understand this information now that I know that I realize epoch and period aren't interchangeable terms. Learning about Geologic Time has made geology significantly more interesting to me :D
I would still like to see playlists of your existing videos sorted chronologically.
What a great way to describe. Like us who has never been able to have lesson about this but now it became so interesting. Thank goodness, TH-cam is not boring anymore. Thanks a lot to all people who work on this from the bottom of my heart.
6:08 now that’s a word you can hear 🎶 the Cambrian Explosion 🎶
Thanks for Bill Wurtz for that earworm, I’ll never be able to hear “the Cambrian Explosion” without hearing that little jazz riff and seeing that multicolored splash of text.
I love these videos that give a brief history of Earth, but I think it would be really cool if you guys did specific videos about extinct species, including interesting facts about their behavior, diet, and overall characteristics. I understand that not a lot is known about many prehistoric creatures, but I'd love to find what there is to know. Thanks for all the great videos!
The editing in this video is great! Every one of your videos has a very beautiful presentation.
This series reminds me of my youth, reading At the Mountains of Madness for the first time. HPL sparked a lot of my fascination with geology and deep time.
I am unable to express in enough words just how much I loved this and these styled videos!! Really enjoy having this host. Funnily enough, around the time he asked us if we needed to cool down (around 9:30-ish), I most certainly did on account of having laksa while watching 😂. Thanks again for another intriguing and informative video PBS Eons!!
Awesome video! It's absolutely mind boggling to think of all that has existed before us and all we cannot possibly know. So, thank you for helping us learn what is known.
I spot a little mistake in this video at 5:38 when the presenters says "Aardvark" and the image shows a Brazilian Giant Anteater...
Yeah, that bothered me too
User name checks out
Here, have a cookie.
Hey, I didn't know that English expression. Thanks, learned something today!
i always confuse between the 2 lol
Wow this is such an intense amount of detail so quickly, brilliant, have to rewind a few times though.
I love this channel it really teaches me a lot of facts about periods and what they are broken into also the history of earth.
Thanks for these; it always cheers me up to see a new episode when I'm feeling depressed. Puts perspective on the futile feeling I get when I once again fail to find employment. :3
Hey emploayment is overrated anyway.
6:07 nice bill wurtz reference!
The sun is a deadly lazer
@@matthewbyrom3053 Not anymore, there's a blanket
They never got Ethiopia
I love all your videos! I love the way you summarized the gts, it was so much fun!
I would like to thank all of you for deciding to watch truly educational and fascinating videos that not a lot of people watch these days and I thank you for choosing this over some prank video.
Great Video :) Really love the longer ones, and host is awesome !
My favourite time periods are "EONS".
@Ella Bumann I'm pretty sure they know that, to be honest
@Ella Bumann butt hurt much
@Ella Bumann Ur just jealous cus ur not a Dr.
@Ella Bumann
What's really idiotic is rambling on about his handle when the big questions of the universe are left unanswered.
@Ella Bumann lol nice comeback
Another stunning information packed video. Have to watch it a couple of times to absorb it all. Thanks.
The world needs more channels like this, keep the great work guys.
I really enjoy the longer videos, and Blake does a great job at hosting!
Excellent! Look forward to future deep-dives into the timescale. Edit: I really enjoyed the longer format and the content was outstanding.
What amazes me is the fact that life forms seem to "disappear" or get wiped out but then eventually life evolves and returns again, out of no where seemingly
Life was never really wiped out of the Earth actually. In every single extinctions there must be some organisms (even if it's just 1% of all of the organisms that lived at that time) that survived and persisted that extinction and eventually evolve into something else and finally paved the way to the new life we know today. We have to thank those of our persistent ancestors whose survived those series of extinctions 😄 they paved the way for the livable ecosystem we know today.
This is AWESOME, no matter how many times I read, listen or watch stuff about these things. Just incredible
I love this series and look forward to it each Monday. In college I took a geology class in which e got to examine some fossils. There was a crystallized bone to a now extinct cephalopod that actually had bones. I've been incredibly fascinated by that ever since. What do we know about cephalopod evolution? Is there enough of a story there to make an episode?
I'm going to add my voice to the ones saying we love the longer videos. This has become now one of my favourite videos on your channel, not only because of the lenght, but also because of the topic. I wonder, after you do the one on periods, could you make some about epochs? Or maybe ancient ecosystems like the one on Hell's Creek (the one they're doing for Saurian the game).
Anyway, awesome content. Thanks :)
I absolutely love this channel. I wish I could mee the cast. You guys are great
Just came across these videos these are amazing! Thank you for all your hard work!
I swear, this is one of my favorite channels!!!
I would love to see an episode covering the Cenozoic in more detail. And a similar one on the Paleozoic would also be awesome. I feel like what paleontology education most people get, if they get one at all, is Cambrian Explosion ... dinosaurs, dinosaurs, dinosaurs, dinosaurs ... something fuzzy about mammoths and ice ... today!! (tadaa!) Already I feel like you covered the Cenozoic and Paleozoic in more detail in this video than I got straight through until my undergrad Geology classwork. It would be absolutely amazing to give either era a more detailed look like I know the PBS Eons team can.
Keep up the good work!
I absolutely loved this episode. I learn more from this channel than I do in geography class.
That was very informative, I think the magnitude of it though for me was a bit much but has led me to finding a series of this. Fascinating.
This channel is doing wonders for kids who can't get an education this good in school!!
This was really helpful. I always get confused between these eras, and epochs and etc
I am truly humbled by that last remark on how our bodies will be the next markers of our time on this rock. Love this channel so much!
Started as a student in Geoscience in 1967, a few years before Plate Tectonics was fully accepted. During the early part of my career as a Petroleum Geologist in '79, the concepts of Sequence Stratigraphy became the norm. Then, in 1984, 3D Seismic was invented and made imaging the subsurface so much better. It was a great time to be a Geologist. Enjoyed the video presentation of Geologic Time - it's a difficult topic to cover well in 12 minutes, but you did a great job!
I really like the longer videos. Maybe do a video on the changes of the continent, to the 7 we have now.
Or is it 8? Could we add Zoolandia to the mix???
😁😁😁😁😁
Love this video. The length is great and the content even better. My only complaint with this channel is that you guys always showed the geological time periods upside down (with the oldest time periods on top and the youngest on bottom). With this episode you finally flipped it correctly. I hope you stick with that! Great stuff. Keep it up!
Gotta hand it to you all. It's obvious you put a lot of time into this.
As a teenager I thought "hey, this is lame", now this seems like the coolest thing in the world. Great video!
I love this! I would love to know more about the Proterozoic eon and the boring billion years. I doubt they are actually boring, eukaryotes evolved during this time.
Blake is an awesome host! Really liking this series so far =)
I just discovered this channel. I'm loving it
Learning natural history can teach us to be humble and understanding about our relationship with all that exists around us as well as our own existence inside the existing world.
Thank you for making this video, really help me to understand the whole process in a very interesting way.
6:09 🎶 Cambrian Explosion 🎶
T H E S U N I S D E A D L Y L A S E R
So much for the bibull...
Thanks!
🎶not anymore there's, a blanket🎶
k this role play is pretty funny🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂🔥🔥🔥💯💖
Hey china's back together oh wait now its broken agaaaiiin.
This video opened my mind, it transformed me through a humbling experience. To think that someday my bones/teeth and whatnot could be a fossil in some layer of rocks to be discovered millions of years after my death, it is just frightening and awesome at the same time.
This is an amazing short overview. Thank so much! :D
This is wonderful! Going to put it into my biology curriculum. Thank you!
I actually like that thought; being an index fossil one day. Makes me feel like my life and death will mean something. I dunno. Just a thought. I gotta find the right conditions to get fossilized, though. 🤔 Haha! Me and my weird thoughts. 🤣
My only hope is to die in a pose that confuses future archeologists.
It’ll be those human fossils somehow kissing their own butts inside a strange winged shape they can’t quite make out.
Haha! That’s actually a great thought! Now do you want to just be fossilized and found for research and science, or do you want to do what the person above suggested, to be in a confusing position to keep them guessing? BTW, my sister in-law’s name is Francia. It’s a beautiful name, but I didn’t think it was a common one? Anways, I like the way you think!
thats how i felt too. it made me feel oddly comfortable with the thought of dying now.
There are probably some old fossils around who could teach you how to get stoned. Would that me a step in the right direction?
its always bugged me trying to picture these eras, great video and characters in a truly amazing story nice
What an engaging and educational video!! I am so happy to have come across this. I will truly remember it now. Subscribed!!!
can we get a look at the evolution of plants?
This was a brilliant episode. Loved watching this ❤️
I love this videos about Geology and Biology and everything together.
Ive never thought of it like what they said close to the end, it is truly amazing!
Totally wiped my forehead because there's some iridium on the left side
M Hilmy Fauzi ❤️
Even though I already knew everything (geology major), I still watched until the end. Congrats :)
Glad you didn't tell how it ended! Ha ha ha
Glad you didn't spoil the ending for me! Ha ha ha
(Me too but Physical Geographer major. Took lots of geology courses as well)
@@guyh.4553 she doesn't care, mate.
To think of modern homo sapiens sapiens as index fossils for the future really was a humbling concept. It has shaken me up. It makes me want to rethink everything. And isn't that what education is about. This is a phenomenal, phenomenal series. I am so grateful to everyone involved in bringing this fruition.
The planet is littered with our bones (graves). Whomever finds our remains will have full specimens. Crazy to think about.
Wow, loved the video! Could we have a video elaborating the Cretaceous-Palaeogene transition?
As a geologist student: fantastic video!
Best episode yet!
Used this video in a TH-cam tutorial - love it! PBS Digital rocks!!
I know im getting old when i looked this up on my own and find all so fascinating.
Yo I really like this new guy. Wasn't sure about him at first but he's wicked good at making these videos. Thanks new guy
Christopher Carrigan Brolly Yeah, anyone know his name? Wondering if he's got his own channel.
Blake Despantio, he's the Editor in chief of Scishow series and guest stars in several of them with Hank green.
Everything eventually goes back to SciShow.
Chris Carrigan Brolly, I find all the presenters to be clever and charming. Aren’t they all scientists? Why are they the only ones not credited?
Paleozoic ended with an extinction event, Mesozoic ended with a meteor, and they Cenozoic ended with nuclear warfare destroying the planet with deadly radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium.
@@tliltocatlalbopilosa1513 radiation would go away and probably after life will start again. Would take maybe a few million years.
Y
@@tliltocatlalbopilosa1513 I've read somewhere you could look at lifeforms in the desert to puzzle out how organisms would evolve in radioactive environments. Dehydration and strong sun is something that affects dna in a similiar way
@@tliltocatlalbopilosa1513 Radiotrophic fungi, already a thing :)
Bravo man! Bravo. That was so well done. This was a joy to watch and I subscribed to the channel!
5:41 ...this made my day... I can't tell you why, it's just... beyond awesome 😀