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Zettelkasten method is a powerful knowledge management system, developed by Niklas Luhmann, a German sociologist. His system allowed him to build a huge web of knowledge, learn and retrieve information with ease and develop new ideas, discussions and arguments efficiently. Not many people know about this method, so I thought I'd make a video explaining a general workflow of Zettelkasten. Hope this helped!
In the next video, I'll talk about how I implement Zettelkasten in Roam Research!
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As a German who studied Luhmann's Zettelkasten system, I can say, this was an excellent explanation of all aspects, especially pointing out the common misunderstandings and explaining them right!
Wow thank you! I'm so happy to hear this.
It is Zettelkästen, isn't it?
@@AndersJackson I think that's the plural form of the word
@@dahzinho yes it is
Also finally someone pretty much nailing the pronunciation! Most foreign speakers get the z sound wrong, pronouncing it too soft.
As a German, I am SO happy that you pronounced Zettelkasten properly!
Good pronounciation of the sounds, and, more importantly, not over-exaggerated (it can be borderline insulting sometimes, really!). I just appreciate it so so so much.
Also, amazing video! Your visualisation of the principles is on point.
Using the correct spelling of "Pronunciation" is also important 😊
@@ouioui8593Whoops, haha, didn't even notice that, thank you for pointing it out!
I always strive to improve my 3rd language, it's a work in progress 😂
Though my point still stands that I am very happy about his effort to pronounce it properly. Even if it were not 100000% perfect, we still can see the honest effort, and that's always really respectful and lovely to hear.
This is exactly what I have needed. Just went back to college a year ago, and I enjoy my classes but the last 2-3 weeks become insanely stressful. I knew there had to be a way to take notes that would benefit my scattered way of absorbing and recalling information, but I had no extra time to work it out. This seems perfectly appropriate.
Glad to hear this! Hope your studying is going well at college!
But where do you go to get zettkekastin I can’t find it anywhere…., it’s this like Remnote or Anki type apps I know all have they own characteristics
Finally a video that explains this succinctly and accurately. There is so many 1 hour long video where people just talk how they are implementing what they think Zettelkasten means... Congrats!
Glad it was helpful! Thank you Maria :)
I've been searching for this method for years. Almost fully developed the system myself but I'm glad that it's been successfully ironed out
Thanks for explaining. I came across this method last night and I started it and I have to say it is definitely AMAZING. The way you can keep making sub notes to add to the main idea is really helping my brain make connections, unlike mind maps which NEVER helped me because it all felt muddled. Hopefully I stay organised with it, but I've organised them like this. First I give the whole section a topic number
e.g 3) Knowledge from reason. I label every card from that section with that same number.
Then for the topics from that section I use 3a. A priori/ A posteriori
Or for next topic, next card or set of cards, 3b. Necessary and contingent etc etc
And then when I find an idea/point that I want to add to the sub topic I was studying and completed notes for already or thought I had fully understood, I label that card 3a1. Or 3a2 or 3b1 or 3b.2. The genius is in this step, because you can just go back and keep adding more and more examples, points, analogies, questions that been answered which clarify that main 3a) sub topic card.
It's a wonderful system!! I feel like I found my perfect system to study for my exams, I have always struggled with note taking and this just seems concise and captivating enough, to organise my thoughts and store them in a way I can access and add too later, which I always felt unable to do with just paper alone.
I am gonna put all my notes into digital format aswell, but yes. I'm super happy. And I use the feynman technique to review the card or review the topic before making the cards so I really know what I'm talking about :P I'm finally using all the flashcards I've had stored in my room for years! Lol. Flash cards never appealed to me because of their unorganised nature, but now that I can easily organise them it honestly is wonderful!
If only they thought you these things in school! I'm 22 now, with the hopes of going to uni after being out of school for a few years. :)
You’re going to do amazing at anything learning endeavour by just having this type of mindset. Now add actual techniques and tools like these and you’re going to destroy university. I never made the best out of my time at university but I didn’t have the mental maturity to pick up new techniques even when my subpar “cram” system was clearly not working. Good luck internet stranger! Best of luck! 😀
This isn't the case. Here's what I mean: th-cam.com/video/S7OcNMbX7mk/w-d-xo.htmlsi=msy7TYAYLpO83FJt
30 yrs in Germany and I hear this system for the first time 😅
Thank you for this video! When I went to school we had "Karteikarten" ... Mainly for learning vocabulary but also such index cards with information about a topic (e.g. in biology). Nowadays you can keep the same information on your tablet or even your phone 😂
But I will always prefer the feel of real paper 🙂
Lemme start this off with how much I love this video. Thank you for all the work you put in. This is a great service to us all.
I just wanted to have a discussion about how the Bibliographical Slip Box is so inconsistently described by so many blog posts and videos on the topic. And almost everyone avoids discussing how it is done on paper. So, hear me out please. But it is important to note that this is not a religion. We can all vary our approach.
Ahrens calls the notes in that slip box "literature notes" and "reference notes" interchangeably (he doesn't have them separated as you do in your video) and just like with the "term" permanent notes, he almost always uses those terms as descriptions not labels (not really "terms" per se)-i.e., lowercase "literature/reference notes" and lowercase "permanent notes" (cuz, literature notes are ALSO permanent notes, Ahrens, chapter 6, p42). I call the notes in the main slip box, Main Notes or just "the notes in the main slip box".
Anyway. Ahrens is particularly vague (and sometimes contradictory) on this topic in the book. Luhmanns put all his extremely brief literature/reference notes on one side of a card and included a very brief bibliographical reference there. Then he put the full bibliographical into on the back of the card. Ahrens describes it vaguely in section 1.3 and then quotes exactly what Luhmann says he did in section 10.1, paragraph 5.
That being said. Luhmanns and Ahrens don't advocate one method for the mechanics of the thing as long as you are consistent and follow the principles. I like Umberto Eco's terminology even better: Reading Index Cards (Reading Notes) and Idea Index Cards (Idea Notes).
So, I suppose what I am getting at is that every description I see of Luhmann's methodology gets hand-wavy on the topic of reference notes. Primarily because there is no one source that I have found in the English language that definitively describes how he structured these precisely. I had to read, re-read, look at photos, even take notes, etc. I am certain many of the folks coming to this video are having the same issue.
All that being said, I like your spin on the concept. Literature Notes and Reference Notes as two steps in the process instead of one. Personally, I keep a document I call "Reading Summary" (or just "Summary"-a one-context document) that feed into my "Reference Notes" and "Main Notes". They start off as fleeting literature notes (as Ahrens calls them) and then I edit them down to something more sensible: "Fleeting Notes" and "Fleeting Literature Notes" ⟶ "Reading Summary" ⟶ "Reference Notes" and "Main Notes" (or the more Eco-ish, "Reading Notes" and "Idea Notes").
. . . Oi. That was a lot longer than I intended. Great video. You really nailed the nuance of the method, especially the core principlies, that so many struggle to articulate or miss completely. I.e. You truly capture how the method is different, like really really different. Great job.
Shu....it would be crazy to share or reveal here but...the family just lost a furry family member (pet), and I could not find anything online...tunes, or my regular channels to take a break from the pain.
I am also binding my own journal
...you video helped! because it means I can remember more...something like that brings in more hope, and some light.
it helped me not sit in the dark, even for a little while. and I am sorry if this is TMI or being rude talking about something else..
but I truly wanted to leave a line or two, of gratitude
..thank you
There's a book about this method: "How to Take Smart Notes" by Sönke Ahrens, available in English and German. Thank you for video!
The terminology he is using throughout the video comes from that book.
I've become curious about this method, so thanks for the introduction, even if I didn't grasp it fully yet. I especially like that you pronounce the German word Zettelkasten beautifully and accurately (the 'Z' being pronounced as 'TS'), and it's a pleasure to listen to you in general.
I used to teach at a university and I noticed a trend wherein my students who graduated with Latin honors are the same ones who took down notes by hand. I usually give essay exams and I pretty much can read myself while checking and grading their papers.
Excellent video, Omi! Thank you not only for the explanation, but also the extremely helpful graphics that clarify so much. Well done, and again, thank you!
Well done, Shu! This is one of the best explanations of the Zettelkasten system I've seen on the net! 👍
This is the most informative and useful explanation of the zettelkasten system I’ve seen so far! Thanks for the explainer!
So happy to hear that! Thank you🥰
As soon as it begun I knew it was the best zettelkasten video out there. Thanks man
This reminds me very much of creating a controlled vocabulary based upon your own ideas.
I only recently came across the concept of the controlled vocabulary, but I found it immediately helpful in a particular aspect of how my group shares information. But I’m intrigued by your mention of developing a CV based upon my own ideas (i.e. not necessarily for sharing with others). Could you say more about that (and/or point to any references or further reading)? Thanks!
I think your video is very helpful. it is short but full of useful information. your videos are better than most youtubers in this area.
That's what I want to hear! Thank you!
Great video! I actually took notes on this using the Zettelkasten Method while watching it a second time.
Shu - This is a great system. I would incorporate it as soon as I can. Keep up the good work.
As a sociologist, I wasn't aware of this method method 🤦🏻♂️. Thanks for your content, it's very useful!
This is the best and most accurate video I have found to explain this method! Many other ones leave things out or miss the point. Thank you!
Glad it was helpful! Thank you Andrew :)
My favorite video description of Zettelkasten! Keep the good work up!
Wow, thanks!
Thank you for this fantastic video! This method will be really helpful for my university studies-- especially for my dissertation next year:)
Glad it was helpful! And best of luck to you with your dissertation!
Let me know if you've any question :)
Best video I've seen on explaining this topic quickly and easily. Thank you for sharing!
Glad it was helpful! Thanks for your kind words!
Gentle professor teacher.. that is concise
Thank you for sharing this. I had never heard of this system before!
You're welcome 😁 So glad you found it helpful!
I am so glad to have come across your videos. I have recently become obsessed with zettelkasten. I even created a zettelkasten while learning about zettelkasten. I thought that would be the best proof of concept to decide if it's something I wanted to incorporate into my self guided learning. So far I like it. I found your video clear on the basic concepts. I have read a number of article on zettelkasten but I think any one said to keep the reference cards in a separate box from the note cards. Good idea. BTW. All your other videos look really interesting and I hope to watch them soon. Keep up the great work and stay safe.
Thank you!
I think Zettelkasten method can seem complicated, so I'm glad I could make a video that is somewhat clearer than other resources.
Let me know if you have any question :)
Perfect introduction, thank you so much for keeping this short and entertaining, Shu, I learned a lot here.
Oh, neat. I guess I sort of gravitated towards this method naturally. This will be super helpful to refine how I work in the future!
Awesome!
Hope you managed to implement the method :)
I'm such a nerd for this stuff. lol. Thanks for the video!
Hahaha me too ;)
Zettelkasten is absolutely the future in note taking and organization. Thanks for this again!
We’ll see! It hasn’t become popular yet.
Thank you for the succinct and easily understandable summary. I'm trying to learn Roam and your videos are super helpful.
Thank you! I'm just happy I could help :)
I hope your transition Roam goes well!
This method was not invented by Niklas Luhmann. The same method has been used for centuries by scholars in several countries. A famous one was Umberto Eco, writer of several novels. I guess Luhmann only became associated to this method because he popularized it, but many research methodology books will explain the same ideas.
True. Hegel used it, centuries before Luhmann.
So glad that I discovered your channel through Keep Productive! Really like your video style..informative and approachable yet SO relaxing for some reason. Keep up the good work:)
One of the best videos explaining zettelkasten method.. simple, easy to understand and to the point.. keep up the good work.. and big thanks for the video.. ❤❤❤
1:10 this 2 boxes similar to what I saw in Consultant interview method but they add 1 more box for scribble e.g. for math calculations.
Instead of term box, they use paper explicitly marked for categories such as “data”, “structured ideas”, “scribble”
Excellent video and simple explanation!
I feel proud of myself for using this methed (sometimes) whenever i found something is hard to learn..but your video really help me to keep improving this method of learning and how to well organize the ideas!
I thank you
that will save my brain
i always try hard to remembering and connecting the info by my self, it difficult and time consuming.
I'm glad it was helpful for you😃
2020,
Finally, the understanding process has started showing results after watching it many times, 2:00, 3:40 fleet heart body notes
Thanks for explaining! I was so confused about this method.
Hi Shu, the ultimate book that the notes go into is often called a commonplace book. I’m very interested in an analog index system for such a book.
Very clear and brief explanation
This seems to be another version of mind mapping!
Easily the best summary of the book. Excellent job dude!
Glad you think so! Thank you :)
Thank you very much for this well-produced and well-explained tutorial.
I am taking French this year in school and Its in semester 1 only, I need 2 language credits to graduate so to make sure I dont forget French I might actually rewrite my notes and make new ones using this method.
Thank you so much for these wonderful videos. I recently discovered your channel and I am so glad that I did. Please consider picking more ignorable background music, or please consider lowering it down, I have struggled to concentrate on your words due to the background music. Besides this overall thank you, I learn a lot from you.
Good job with the video and its followup on Roam. Thanks!
Thanks for the summary. I would do this manually with my notes and pen
So clear!!!! Thanks so much for this content!
Great vid! Got me as new sub. Cheers from México 🇲🇽
Awesome! Thank you😻
Thanks for the nice summary
Thank you! Happy that I could help!
If I have 20,000 notes for example. How do I remember the previous notes to connect new ones with them? ie how do I remember what is on card 2,345 and that it connects with my note 20,001?
Excellent video, dense with information. Thank you.
Explained wonderfully, thanks!
Thanks Shu! Well explained ~
Hi Shu Omi. Loved your style. Love how your voice is clear, calm and grounded. Love the pace at which you go.
But I still don't get it. I honest to god don't understand it eventhough I watched the video 4 times and tried creating notes out of it. Maybe it's because I'm a little slow. World is a difficult place to navigate when you're slow.
Hi! No you're not slow! Lots of people said the same thing too. I definitely made the video too fast-paced.
Wonderfully explained! I've watched other videos about this topic none of them can translate this to a much simpler and easy to understand format like you did. Thank you!
Thanks for sharing! It's so inspiring!
Thank you! So glad to hear it!
Great video thank you! I'll have to watch the other videos about zettelkasten to understand better hwo to do it
Such a great video, it is so valuable!
This is amazing! Thank you so much!
Glad you like it! Thank you so much Tony :)
Thanks, Shu for this video and your great explanation. I know that notion may not be your current app of choice for this process but could you make a video on how you would set up this system in Notion?
Finally I understand how works permanent notes and how they grow. Awesome video
Thanks Gustavo! 🥰
Great job giving an overview of the method in such a short amount of time. If I may offer some constructive criticism, I think you glossed over the indexing part a bit too quickly, as it's a contributing factor to be able to retrieve relevant notes at a later time. Zettelkasten IDs as implemented by most software for that job (like zettlr, the archive or obsidian) contain some sort of timestamp, instead of just numbering your notes.
I am currently looking for reliable indexing procedure for my notes after switching to obsidian.
Can you refer for some marerials?
I am learning. It's quite hard to understand actually. Basically, it's using questions, themes, to point to tags which contains other related tags and notes? The act of linking tags is manual and by doing that help the brain to make connections?
Wonder how will it look like using this system on Evernote.
This is precisely why I'm here.
Yes you can do this in Evernote. Try this: Create a Zettelkasten notebook. Then start making a note for ideas that are important to you - those can be new or old, your own or somebody elses. Explain the idea in a few sentences, but try to be short and to the point. Then add some info like who the idea is from and a source, maybe a book or a link.
Now to the important part: Look through your existing idea notes and see how this new idea relates to them. Does it confirm or contradict one? Write a sentence about that and make an internal link in Evernote to that other idea. Of course you can only do this when you have existing ideas, so the beginning will mostly be connecting. But your collection will grow and soon you'll have a network of ideas that relate to each other. That's why it's important not to just categorize notes/ideas with tags or notebooks, you want to actually fit them into your thinking. Does that make sense?
The thing with Evernote is it probably takes quite a bit of work to do that, linking notes manually and everything. But it's still easier than what Luhmann did with his handwritten notes in a literal slip-box. New tools like Roam make it even easier though, links between notes are created automatically, allowing a much more intuitive and easy way of using the Zettelkasten method.
Anyway, these are the very basics. If you're interested in the method, how to use it and the thoughts behind it, I recommend the book How to Take Smart Notes by Sönke Ahrens.
I tried to make the Zettlekastan template on Evernote.
Topic:_______________
Literature notes:
Short notes in bullet points format
*
______
*_______
Reference /Master note:
Whether the note is a Master note or a Reference note
If Master note If Reference note
Reference link/s:
Reference link/s:
*
______
*
______
*_______
*_______
Reference note/s: Master note/s:
*
______ *
______
*_______ *
______
Similar Reference note/s:
*
______
Permanent notes:
Relating how the reference notes relate to each other while learning. Add new values to the existing ideas, arguments & discussions & finding the meaningful connections between what you just learned & what you already know
Paste the merged reference notes here to add new ideas. These notes will be in the original format in their original place but here you need to highlight what extra information you are adding to each of the existing notes (by using font editing tools)
Add the keywords based on these 2 questions- 1: In what circumstances do I want to stumble upon this note?
2: When & how will I use this idea?
Use Notion, Dynalist, or Roam research to help help you do this. Evernote doesn’t have a good interlinking system
I use obsidian now
This is fantastic!
Thank you so much!!
Hello Shu ! I am follower for a long time now. I was wondering how you edit your video and what software you use for you icon and text on your video.
I would love to make something so clean and neat.
Thank you
Maybe make a video about your software ? If you do tag me haha 🙏
Very helpful, thank you !
Shu, I've watched all your Roam videos and quite a few others desperately trying to sort out pages, tags and block references. Considering the way Roam works, indexed to the block level, doesn't the use of pages and tags essentially making the traditional Zettelkasten method mute as long as one links and tags blocks when they're created? It seems that if you want to find out what you thought about something in particular all the relevant pieces are already connected together for you? Or am I just terribly confused?
i don't know, this recommended to me by TH-cam algorithm. I never heard of this but looking at my desk i was heading toward same structure naturally, maybe someone invented same method also even earlier. I also made many notes which is forming some collection. About keywords i could say that it's almost subconscious (which is smarter than conscience) to remember that for future, if you don't have such feeling it means such book is just boring for you.
There is some confusion out there about terms being used in all this. The term "fleeting notes" is also being used. To me those are the quick first-hand notes about one's ideas and understanding, when going through the material or right after.
Is that what you are calling "Literature notes"?
Hi Shu,
I've now decided to use roam as a knwoledge management system for my seminar paper. I have to write this paper for my A-levels, so it's quite important for me that the data really is save. But how can I be sure that my data won't get lost? Should i regularly export all my roam files? If yes, which format should I choose? JSON or Markdown?
I appreciate your opinion :)
Greetings from Germany!
Yes that is a valid concern. I think you should export your notes from Roam as Markdown then probably you can import them to Evernote or OneNote? Or you can use Google Drive or Drop Box.
Put them into Notion, as it allows for JSON dumping, even LatEx. Best tool for this IMHO.
There are some tools out there to backup to GitHub
T B - use Obsidian. You can keep a folder of all your markdown files, and back them up however you like with that.
thank you for the clear and informative video! i wonder if this method can also be applied for science-based subjects like chemistry, biology and physics?
Yes. Think of it as a way of gathering all your subjects/notes on one particular topic, i.e. topic: atom bonds, more info you could find in notes on molecules, or some biology notes of celular life cycle, aticles of a newly developed medicine in pharmacy, ... not only in diff.branches of chemistry.
This method is basicly very funneld info about some topic you already know something about and now you are deepening and/or widening this knowledge from diff perspectives.
I heard you should number your notes. If so, which? If all, should I number them like: F1, L1, P1? I really want to start, but I don't want to mess something up that's supposed to help me lol
The first step is creating fleeting notes before the literature notes
Can you please do a video on how to do a digital version of this?
Hi, Shu. I'm confused between reference notes and literature notes, I believe they're the same. I'm reading "How to take smart notes" and in this book I only find fleeting notes, literature notes (which contain brief notes on one side and its bibliographic references on the other side) and permanent notes. Are you splitting literature notes into reference notes and literature notes?
Is the book How to Take Smart Notes by Sönke Ahrens?
@@xtaylorxboyx Yes, that's the one I read
i tried creating my own knowledge management system didnt realized others may have done so
Thank you for this video. If I'm reading textbooks for school, do I need to make a card for each chapter/unit or should I continue to just write my notes in my notebook and only use some of my notes on a card that covers just the main ideas? Also, why is the bibliography card necessary? Is that just for someone who is publishing their work or do you recommend everyone do that as well, students included?
Useful and consise
very cool Shu thanks buddy
How can I learn to make videos like this one? Great grahics and embedded video and bacjgroubd music. Please help.
This is genius!
I would like to know is this method suitable for medical student
so so great， arigatou！
Hello, nice explanation! I just have one question, should the reference notes also be in some order like the permanent notes?
Thank you!
The order of the reference notes doesn't really matter :)
This is awesome!
Thanks Joel🥰
Good stuff. Thanks.
How do I review these notes?
Great stuff
thank you
Welcome!
I really thought that reference notes came before literature notes. My references notes come from the highlights that i extract from the books and articles that i read
Which song is playng in the background? It sounds awesome to study.
Sad that Niklas Luhmann isn’t here to see how popular his method has become, typical lol
thank you for short brief explanation. so many useless video on youtube. you watch 1 hour long video and then see that the author doesn't understand what he is talking about
Why in such a hurry ?
"Keywords should always be assigned with an eye towards the topics you're interested in..." where is that quote from?
How to take smart notes by sonke ahrens
Hello, I have a question. when we are talking about references, do we mean the books or sources? If yes then should reference notes reference a book? I'm a little confused about the reference notes. Is a reference note like a comment on literature notes with reference to that literature note? or it's a note which has a reference to a book?
when he says reference he means source of the information. Luhmann was an academic so identifying sources was expected in journal article he wrote