• 08:17 🤖 Angular Measurements & Parallax • 10:08 🛡 Parallax & Distance Measurement • 14:01 📊 Units of Distance & Measurement • 15:23 🚀 Gaia Mission & Stellar Parallaxes • 17:12 🌐 Understanding the Distance to the Sun & Stars • 18:49 🌐 Determining the Size of the Earth • 20:13 🌐 Using Shadows to Determine the Size of the Earth • 24:05 🌐 Calculating the Circumference of the Earth • 26:23 🌐 Galileo's Relative Relativity Concept • 27:08 📏 Measuring Distances & Sizes • 28:00 🕰 Aristarchus' Method • 31:11 🌞 The Sun's Size & Distance • 33:27 🌕 Conclusion • 35:14 🌌 The Sun's Size & the Center of the Universe • 36:10 🌠 The Motion of the Planets & the Development of Science • 37:13 ⭐ The Wandering Stars & the Planets • 38:07 🚀 The Motion of the Planets & Retrograde Motion • 40:09 🌎 The Difference between the Celestial & Material Worlds • 41:05 🌟 The Development of Astrology & the Study of the Stars • 43:07 🚫 The Limitations of Astrology • 01:10:38 🚀 Kepler's Harmonic Law & its Implications • 01:15:11 🌠 Kepler's Later Life & Legacy • 01:17:21 🌟 Galileo Galilei & the Propagation of Kepler's Laws • 01:19:27 🚣♂ Galileo's Ship Analogy & the Problem of Perception • 01:21:20 🏛 Galileo's Relationship with the Church & His Desire for Reform • 01:22:01 🔍 The Development of the Telescope & Galileo's Observations • 01:25:12 🌠 Galileo's Observations of Jupiter & the Moon • 01:26:20 🌟 The Discovery of the Phases of Venus & the Clincher for Galileo • 01:36:48 🤖 Galileo's Trial & Consequences • 01:41:08 💡 Galileo's Contributions to Science • 01:44:03 🌠 Galileo's Later Life & Work • 00:54:40 🕰 The Development of Kepler's Laws & the Emergence of a New Understanding of the Universe • 01:58:10 🕰 The Competition between Robert Hooke & Isaac Newton • 01:59:30 🕰 The Publication of Newton's Principia & the Development of His Laws of Motion • 02:03:19 🚀 Forces & Acceleration • 02:04:14 🔄 Acceleration & Direction • 02:05:49 💪 Newton's Third Law of Motion • 02:07:11 ❄ Friction & Ice • 02:10:15 🌠 Newton's Laws & the Cosmos • 02:12:05 🚀 Understanding Orbital Motion & Forces • 02:15:47 🌐 Deriving Kepler's Laws from Newton's Laws • 02:17:21 🏋 Understanding the Center of Mass • 02:20:35 🤖 Understanding Newton's Laws & Equations • 02:24:41 ⏱ Defining Acceleration & Speed • 02:29:21 📊 Units of Measurement & the Importance of Precision • 02:30:00 📊 Units & Measurements • 02:35:00 💪 Force & Energy • 02:38:00 🏋 Work & Energy • 02:39:10 💪 Introduction to Energy & Motion • 02:41:44 ⚡ Kinetic Energy & Work • 02:43:03 🔍 The Force of Gravity • 02:48:05 📝 Understanding Equations & Measurements • 02:50:24 🏛 The Ancient Debate: Earth or Sun at the Center of the Cosmos? • 02:51:04 🔍 The Parallax Problem & the Discovery of Stellar Aberration • 02:54:12 🌠 Stellar Aberration & the Motion of the Earth • 02:57:12 🚗 The Effect of Motion on Perceived Angle • 02:58:22 🌐 The Discovery of the Coriolis Effect • 02:59:19 ⏰ Measuring the Earth's Rotation • 03:40:49 💡 Newton's Early Ideas on Light • 03:46:03 🚨 The Debate between Newton & Hooke • 03:49:13 🔍 Newton's Explanation of Crystal Behavior • 03:49:39 🕰 The Evolution of Scientific Thought • 03:52:41 💡 The Limitations of Newton's Corpuscular Theory of Light • 03:54:25 🔍 Thomas Young's Wave Theory of Light
@@JasonKendallAstronomer I hope it's in public domain as I am using it. Also I should have mentioned before how much I enjoy your lecture. I love the history of man's genius and your stuff is so enlightening for me. I truly believe that their are persons in history that cannot be replicated and if they hadn't existed we may have missed their discoveries or inventions.
does light has mass if not then how it is able to get momentum and we studied that it travels in a straight path but it does not it travels in a curved path. If possible please answer
If I understand correctly as a lowest-tier amateur, light is actually always taking a straight, shortest path from its point of view, it's just that the space itself isn't straight and going straight actually turns out to be making a turn around whatever is causing the curve in space to be there. This is just a guess, might be entirely wrong.
Good call! However, when we say that space is curved, it still means that there is a shortest path. And that path in the curved space is "straight". Something traveling straight in a curved space won't "know" that it's, moment by moment, in a curved space. Every spacetime can be looked at as locally Minkowski (i.e. flat), depending on what "local" is. But curvature can be measured by traveling in loops, or comparing adjacent paths.
There is an embarrassing mistake at 2:06:20 - That is not an action-reaction pair. There are two separate action-reaction pairs: Earth pulls ball down with gravity, ball pulls Earth up with gravity. Ball pushes down on table with normal force, table pushes up on ball with normal force. Action-reaction is not what is keeping the ball in equilibrium. The ball is in equilibrium because of balanced external forces from two different objects.
I'd just watch this now. Re-doing this one is not at the top of my list. There are not a lot of mistakes, and the content is good. It's just the quality isn't top-notch.
A lot. When taking into account microarcsecond parallaxes, such as ESA's HIPPARCOS and Gaia mission did, then this must be included into the expected periodic "wobbles" that will be present in unfiltered data sets. They spent a LOT of time removing those, and many other, bumps in the data.
The sun wobbles about an area roughly equal to its radius, changing the base of the parallax right triangle by ~0.5%. Earth's aphelion/perihelion need to be accounted for as well.
see a pic of isac newton and he is almost the exact same looking like richard hammond but one invented a law of physics and the other one try to brake it.
• 08:17 🤖 Angular Measurements & Parallax
• 10:08 🛡 Parallax & Distance Measurement
• 14:01 📊 Units of Distance & Measurement
• 15:23 🚀 Gaia Mission & Stellar Parallaxes
• 17:12 🌐 Understanding the Distance to the Sun & Stars
• 18:49 🌐 Determining the Size of the Earth
• 20:13 🌐 Using Shadows to Determine the Size of the Earth
• 24:05 🌐 Calculating the Circumference of the Earth
• 26:23 🌐 Galileo's Relative Relativity Concept
• 27:08 📏 Measuring Distances & Sizes
• 28:00 🕰 Aristarchus' Method
• 31:11 🌞 The Sun's Size & Distance
• 33:27 🌕 Conclusion
• 35:14 🌌 The Sun's Size & the Center of the Universe
• 36:10 🌠 The Motion of the Planets & the Development of Science
• 37:13 ⭐ The Wandering Stars & the Planets
• 38:07 🚀 The Motion of the Planets & Retrograde Motion
• 40:09 🌎 The Difference between the Celestial & Material Worlds
• 41:05 🌟 The Development of Astrology & the Study of the Stars
• 43:07 🚫 The Limitations of Astrology
• 01:10:38 🚀 Kepler's Harmonic Law & its Implications
• 01:15:11 🌠 Kepler's Later Life & Legacy
• 01:17:21 🌟 Galileo Galilei & the Propagation of Kepler's Laws
• 01:19:27 🚣♂ Galileo's Ship Analogy & the Problem of Perception
• 01:21:20 🏛 Galileo's Relationship with the Church & His Desire for Reform
• 01:22:01 🔍 The Development of the Telescope & Galileo's Observations
• 01:25:12 🌠 Galileo's Observations of Jupiter & the Moon
• 01:26:20 🌟 The Discovery of the Phases of Venus & the Clincher for Galileo
• 01:36:48 🤖 Galileo's Trial & Consequences
• 01:41:08 💡 Galileo's Contributions to Science
• 01:44:03 🌠 Galileo's Later Life & Work
• 00:54:40 🕰 The Development of Kepler's Laws & the Emergence of a New Understanding of the Universe
• 01:58:10 🕰 The Competition between Robert Hooke & Isaac Newton
• 01:59:30 🕰 The Publication of Newton's Principia & the Development of His Laws of Motion
• 02:03:19 🚀 Forces & Acceleration
• 02:04:14 🔄 Acceleration & Direction
• 02:05:49 💪 Newton's Third Law of Motion
• 02:07:11 ❄ Friction & Ice
• 02:10:15 🌠 Newton's Laws & the Cosmos
• 02:12:05 🚀 Understanding Orbital Motion & Forces
• 02:15:47 🌐 Deriving Kepler's Laws from Newton's Laws
• 02:17:21 🏋 Understanding the Center of Mass
• 02:20:35 🤖 Understanding Newton's Laws & Equations
• 02:24:41 ⏱ Defining Acceleration & Speed
• 02:29:21 📊 Units of Measurement & the Importance of Precision
• 02:30:00 📊 Units & Measurements
• 02:35:00 💪 Force & Energy
• 02:38:00 🏋 Work & Energy
• 02:39:10 💪 Introduction to Energy & Motion
• 02:41:44 ⚡ Kinetic Energy & Work
• 02:43:03 🔍 The Force of Gravity
• 02:48:05 📝 Understanding Equations & Measurements
• 02:50:24 🏛 The Ancient Debate: Earth or Sun at the Center of the Cosmos?
• 02:51:04 🔍 The Parallax Problem & the Discovery of Stellar Aberration
• 02:54:12 🌠 Stellar Aberration & the Motion of the Earth
• 02:57:12 🚗 The Effect of Motion on Perceived Angle
• 02:58:22 🌐 The Discovery of the Coriolis Effect
• 02:59:19 ⏰ Measuring the Earth's Rotation
• 03:40:49 💡 Newton's Early Ideas on Light
• 03:46:03 🚨 The Debate between Newton & Hooke
• 03:49:13 🔍 Newton's Explanation of Crystal Behavior
• 03:49:39 🕰 The Evolution of Scientific Thought
• 03:52:41 💡 The Limitations of Newton's Corpuscular Theory of Light
• 03:54:25 🔍 Thomas Young's Wave Theory of Light
Jason is such a great ’splainer and has such fun with these lectures.
Thank you professor!
You are welcome!
I like that--a mystical woo-woo! (aprox.48:00) good phrase!
I picked that up from my father. It’s one of my favorite phrases too.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer I hope it's in public domain as I am using it. Also I should have mentioned before how much I enjoy your lecture. I love the history of man's genius and your stuff is so enlightening for me. I truly believe that their are persons in history that cannot be replicated and if they hadn't existed we may have missed their discoveries or inventions.
does light has mass if not then how it is able to get momentum and we studied that it travels in a straight path but it does not it travels in a curved path. If possible please answer
If I understand correctly as a lowest-tier amateur, light is actually always taking a straight, shortest path from its point of view, it's just that the space itself isn't straight and going straight actually turns out to be making a turn around whatever is causing the curve in space to be there. This is just a guess, might be entirely wrong.
Good call! However, when we say that space is curved, it still means that there is a shortest path. And that path in the curved space is "straight". Something traveling straight in a curved space won't "know" that it's, moment by moment, in a curved space. Every spacetime can be looked at as locally Minkowski (i.e. flat), depending on what "local" is. But curvature can be measured by traveling in loops, or comparing adjacent paths.
Momentum is total energy/c^2 times velocity, so massless particles carry the maximum possible momentum per unit energy.
There is an embarrassing mistake at 2:06:20 -
That is not an action-reaction pair. There are two separate action-reaction pairs: Earth pulls ball down with gravity, ball pulls Earth up with gravity. Ball pushes down on table with normal force, table pushes up on ball with normal force.
Action-reaction is not what is keeping the ball in equilibrium. The ball is in equilibrium because of balanced external forces from two different objects.
Thanks for the note. I’ll be redoing this series as well soon. It needs a full redo.
@@JasonKendallAstronomer should I wait for you to redo it or should I watch this anyway and watch the redo as well, Im a complete beginner
I'd just watch this now. Re-doing this one is not at the top of my list. There are not a lot of mistakes, and the content is good. It's just the quality isn't top-notch.
Let’s go! I love you
How does the suns orbit /"wobble" around a central point of gravity affect distance measurements using parallax?
A lot. When taking into account microarcsecond parallaxes, such as ESA's HIPPARCOS and Gaia mission did, then this must be included into the expected periodic "wobbles" that will be present in unfiltered data sets. They spent a LOT of time removing those, and many other, bumps in the data.
The sun wobbles about an area roughly equal to its radius, changing the base of the parallax right triangle by ~0.5%. Earth's aphelion/perihelion need to be accounted for as well.
see a pic of isac newton and he is almost the exact same looking like richard hammond but one invented a law of physics and the other one try to brake it.
Thx
Aah it is Jason again high five