The Gene Editing Scandal that Shook the World
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 มิ.ย. 2024
- In 2018, a gene editing scandal shook the world. Two babies have been genetically engineered in secret by one one man. Some hail this man as a hero who could save thousands, other warn that he could change the genetic code of humanity forever. This is the story of the first genetically edited children. This is the gene editing scandal that shook the world.
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He Jiankui was born in 1984 in a small village in Xinhua County, Hunan, China. Throughout his childhood and early adultood, he worked hard and slowly became interested in gene editing. A few years earlier, the rise of CRISPR Cas9 technology has revolutionized our possibilities in gene editing. By using the Cas9 protein and a guide RNA that is specific to a target gene, we can make precise cuts in our DNA. He aimed to use CRISPR Cas9 gene editing to mutate the CCR5 gene in embryos. In this way, he speculated, they might become resistant against HIV. So He enrolled couples with HIV positive men to genetically engineer fertilized eggs and make them "HIV resistant". In November 2018, the first genetically edited children (Lulu and Nana) were born. When He announced their birth, the scientific communitx and the world were shocked. Gene therapy and gene editing treatments require many safety mechanisms to avoid severe side-effects. Many were shocked since no one really knew what safety precautions He took. When it came to light that He allegedly falsified ethical approval forms, he and some of his colleagues were sentenced to 1.5-3 years in prison. In 2024, He announced that he re-opened his laboratory to study rare genetic diseases.
0:00-1:06 Intro
1:06-3:36 Rise of He Jiankui
3:36-8:00 Creating HIV resistant Embryos
8:00-13:02 Leaking He's Secret Experiments
13:02-17:02 Are the genetically-modified embryos HIV resistant?
17:02-18:59 He's downfall and comeback
References:
docs.google.com/document/d/1_...
About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a PhD student/youtuber (Sciencerely) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.
15:25 this is worse than it looks. Chimerism is known to cause auto-imune diseases when it happens naturally. If not all cells are modified, the child has different DNAs in each cell. Some cells produce a protein, and others don't. That could cause autoimmune problems.
As someone who has an auto immune disorder already, I definitely would allow my genes to be edited 🙄
@@natk4017 CRISPR CAS9 is very good all things considered. Furthermore, it is your choice. Those children were not sick and were genetically modified for no good reason. Curing a disease is a good reason.
So... there's still no news about what happened with the other couples and any children they might have had?...
Right like, did it work???
And thus Sephiroth was born.
Shinra!! 🤬
What abominations have you done 😮
M O T H E R R R R
People who are into coding will understand even useless junk code keeps the whole software function. Removing a gene and adding another one could completely change how that gene effects ohger part of the dna cascading into something unpredictable.
If we wanna edit a gene in a body first it should not cause chimerism second adding new gene is out of question just edit the diseased gene. When editing diseased gene taking acount of healthy 1st or 2nd maybe even third degree relatives gene maybe important for the compatibility.
Not unlike how, when dealing with AI and robotics, some people like to follow Azimov's 3 laws of robotics.
Yeah, that cascade failure is a problem that we are going to have to learn to look for in gene code. I dont know but I imagine that's what happened with the previous cases of gene therapy, code was edited but cascade failure occurred resulting in the cells becoming cancerous.
@@JackofWhitechapel I feel like we are going into this blindly when we have no idea how genes effect each other and how junk genes cause issues when changed. We do not even know most gene's functions properly. We need physiology and genetical function reasearch to fill the gap. I think learning how a thing works better than just do practical trials and see what sticks and what not.
@exosproudmamabear558 yeah I agree. We still haven't really solved the question of is genetic memory a thing. Maybe that's what instinct is? But we don't know what turning off and on genes will do to those reactions either. Fully agree just because we've mapped the human genome doesn't mean we understand the human genome.
This should have been done more ethically and preferably without modifying the germline. Otherwise, this is pretty cool research.
Any medical procedure needs to weigh the benefits of the therapy against the negative sides of it. And that's gene editing's shortcoming.
There is definitely potential for helping people with gene therapy. However most diseases are not single loci, and in fact for most we don't know what the offending genes are, even though we know genetics plays a big component.
Gene editing is also technically another form of eugenics, and thus has all the potential for all the abuses and discrimination that have plagued us in history.
Finally as with all novel medical treatments, gene therapy would be extremely high cost, which would just deepen the divide between wealthy and poor people.
A part of me knows that if we were able to overcome the social challenges gene therapy would be a great tool in the medical arsenal. But a bigger part of me knows that there is no way people are going to stop being people, and it's best not to pursue its research any further.
Same thoughts here. Fix social problems first, then gene therapy research can be ethical. Though, out of desperation, I've once thought of using gene therapy to solve social problems. I.E. Remove the negative aspects of tribalism, and other negative biases from a person first... but, ehhh... totally unrealistic, down right delusional solutions.
Not researching it at all is wrong. How many people didn't get blind thanks to Luxturna? Can it be abused? Yes, it can. And people who will abuse it do not care for your concerns. CRISPR cas9 is out and can modify humans. Stopping research at this point is useless and will lead only to human suffering. Imagine if people said fire was too dangerous? Or that space-flight was too dangerous? Progress has to keep happening. If you stop it, only bad actors will keep researching.
Yeah, better not to pursue, but it certainly will be. This was one of the critters in pandora's box and now its free. A gigantic double edged sword for sure.
@@gesundheitoh520I've thought of that as well, but we aren't wise enough for that power. People are too fallible. Maybe AI will be capable of doing that properly eventually, but they would have to be free beings, not an expression of some corporation. I get the feeling that our hubris would hit a wall and make huge problems.
Abortion is a form of eugenics. The issue with gene therapy is china beat the USA and the pharma industry can't control it.
CRISPR has had some serious cases of things getting FUBAR'd when the changes don't go smoothly. This is just cruel to do to a child that cannot consent to the side effects
Human gene editing is a slippery slope that could destroy our whole species.
Every new science is the slippery slope that can end our species
Aren't genetically deaf couples known to screen for their children to be carriers of the gene as well if they go with the IVF route?
I imagine those with the insurance/resources to do so do.
It’s an add on. Basically they can choose to do screening or not for an extra charge.
wether you like it or not in the future this could cure humanity from any and all diseases, this might be called unethical today but it will be called mandatory in the future.
Though we are not up to it yet eventually humanity is going to have to take responsibility for it's genetics. Removing from random chance to choice the form of our descendants.
Some pretty good pronunciation of those Cantonese names. A hell of a lot better than most westerners, especially with how simplified it is in English text.
Forefather of genetic engineering just landed on history books
Can u imagine if the aids virus, is indirectly mutated as a result of the gene manipulation, or that when that when the genetic baby grows up to have a baby themselves, Land the aids virus has mutated and passed on through sperm.??
It could be so beneficial if we supported scientific research around CRISPR. We can learn so much about our genetic material. Find which things do what. Could learn how to improve the ways our bodies function. Help treat health issues, diseases. Help our bodies ability to heal, improve passed down family genetic diseases, the list goes on.. What matters most, is if we can approach this new branch of science with genuine curiosity and motivation. This type of science could have amazing impacts in the medical field and our understanding of biology as a whole. Could greatly improve people's quality of life. Could improve how we Treat health conditions. I really hope we drop the paranoia scare tactics that are holding us back from progression.. It's going to take a whole bunch of improvements to the structure of our system and the regulations that are currently blocking a lot of possible progress. We are dealing with the same kind of bureaucratic regulations blocking things in the energy grid department. We've had a lot of advancements in modern nuclear energy options and other alternative energy sources BUT bureaucracy is getting in the way of a lot of progress and adaptation..
There is currently CRISPR research being done in human subjects at my university, they are treating cancer. It is happening. This semester i did CRISPR/Cas9 research on zebrafish to knockout a target gene which we know to be associated w craniofascial developmental defects in humans & zebrafish. We inject the crispr/cas9 product at the 1 cell stage for zebrafish, but were not rlly doing embryonic crispr stuff on humans - just adults. actually quite cheap to do now. Ive also seen a video here on yt about someone who did an experiment on themselves to temporarily fix lactose intolerance. Pretty cool stuff.
So far we are the only species that tries to supposrt defective memebers, and with reliable gene editing bad mutations can be reversed where embryo screening is not enough(because that will not cover everything)
Would it be moral to make great sacrifices and commit atrocities for the sake of perfecting gene editing to the level where humans can become something, beings immune to all ailments, beings that heal faster, live several times longer, are smarter and far far more durable and strong? Keep in mind that a great amount of modern science came from atrocities in research, some Nazi war criminals/ medical staff were forgiven for giving the information they obtained from inhuman medical research
Please don’t. Are we really going to insist these babies can never have their own kids? I mean… we have to right? To avoid huge issues happening to the gene pool down the road?
That's kind of a weird way to phrase that like some say he could save thousands and some say he could change genetic codes forever it's like well he did change those codes like those two codes and yeah if they pass those Gene sequences down to their children then it would change those childrens children etc etc But like I think everyone kind of accepts that ultimately this is the way we will resolve a lot of congenital illness and deal with immunity
It's a big difference between government breeding super soldiers or obedient slaves and parents selecting or deleting a few genes at their choice, especially disease genes. It is an incredible burden to have a child with a serious developmental problem.
The latter leads to the former
I really think that this kind of thing should be perfected in animals first given how badly things can go wrong.
Any update on the babies?
Yeah i actually wonder if it was successful
never heard of that
Yes human experimentation
Finally, some progress!
Can't wait for super soldiers.
ÖH MY GOD.
So his trial was in 2019. Pandemic starts in China at the end of 2019. He served
No way the CCP wouldn't use his expertise. He is 100% working secretly.
Something....something... Startrek... something ..... something... Khan!
I wonder if He introduced the electric eel mutation into an embrio, would the child have Electro type powers? 😀
Nope, 1 an eletric ell can only generate eletric fields underwater and on it's skin 2 the genomes aren't compatible enhough to take a part of one and put on the other 3 for the human to be able to use the power generated by the eletric cells they would need multiple other eletric ells structures to do that beyond the other structures to control that, it's easier to give the ell a human brain than giving a human an eletric ell eletric fields
The mom would be electrocuting her husband. Because the embryo will create a force field around the mom
Ungodly people do Ungodly things.
This reminds me once i saw a video about injecting stem cells into an autistic child and the mum claimed it cured his autism
I heard "China", and I immediately said "that explains it."
I'm sure it does :3
the famous made in china line
The video said it didn't work
I used used crispr to inhibit my myostatin receptors
Absulute madman,how many years it has been? Do you have diabetus (or insulin resistance) and fat loss afterwards?
Man playing god.
Designer Babies Custom Made 🤔
People are using gene editing home kits now so idk why this is special lol
They for sure are not. I think you are thinking of gene sequencing kits, which is only reading the DNA, not changing it, and you send it back to the company where the actual sequencing is done
@@St3phaan look up self editing gene kits. There are videos on TH-cam of people using them. Specifically using crsper to change a gene that is likely linked to longevity
@@zombiebullshark3834 lol, consider me corrected, had no idea about these kits. I will look into this, it seems like a really really bad idea on first impression
I like how everybody forgot that gene therapy is incredibly risky in 2020
Cheers to all the COVID vaxxed. Hope you are still well.
I think we shouldn’t play God with unborn children. All 4 medical treatment advancement
BETA
Yeah we probably cause a lot of issues if we do since our understanding of nature, evolution complexity is pretty low even if it is high enough we will still go for homogenity rather than variety which could cause a lot of issues down the line.
Bah, so what