Planck size black holes are just elementary particles in string theory, there is no reason to consider them further, they are an artifact of classical General Relativity.
I've wondered a hundred times over the years if somehow this could be an explanation to dark matter, it's nice to finally know how and why I was wrong :)
Great job as always Matt, I wouldn't be able to keep a straight face while saying " The best way to search for MACHOS is to look into the galactic bulge "
I am no physicist, but molecular biology taught me that, more often than not, the answers lies in plurality. Dark matter might be difficult to detect because it is not one big thing, but rather many small things. The answer to dark matter might be a whole dark standard model governed by dark physics. Which sounds so cool!
Anti-Humans: The are on earth, but they reflect under the crust. Whenever we dug down for minerals, we caused a genocide on their part, causing a "natural disaster". Humans are invisible to AntiHumans, and vice-versa
Dark matter doesn't collapse into the centre of galaxies like light matter does, which indicates that there isn't an equivalent force to electromagnetism in the dark universe. No electromagnetism, no civilisation as we know it.
@@h00db01iThat we can't do it now doesn't make it impossible. But you never notice all the ninjas in your house. They are the masters of invisibility, they know what they're doing. How would you ever know unless they wanted you to? And they don't, so you don't.
To me a Reaper is a half-assed audio DAW that's long on hearsay short on implementation. By extension then this you speak of is even among rabid Star-Geeks, physically, Newtonion and Einsteinian just a bucket of turds surrounded by a wall made of.....more chap. Just when you find out the theory you heard last month is a fallacy, right yonder comes another from what you once assumed was a reputable Science Jug. Hey guys aren't you supposed to wait until you have tests to prove at least it's possible and repeatable before you go chest thumping? It's a bunch of guys and women doing what we used to call pissing up a pole
When the only tool that a man has is a hammer, then all the problems look like a nail. When grant proposals involving black holes are most likely to get grant money and the older authorities of the scientific establishment have been making living on selling the idea of black holes for decades, they will keep telling the public and themselves that black holes are the answer to everything. Sad, really.
Add that one to the toolbox of future engineers: build a Dyson sphere or a Shkadov thruster around a white dwarf, light it up with a micro black hole, collect the energy or go for a joy ride.
Regarding the MASS OF A PHOTON: My father helped launch Apollo 11 from inside Firing Room 1 as the IBM DDAS Telemetry Network Controller. After his space industry career was over he had launched Apollo 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, and Skylab 2, 3, and 4. At IBM Owego NY he built, inspected, repaired, and re-inspected Space Shuttle Flight Computers on every single shuttle. More on his career @ ProjectApolloFilm. He knew "for a fact" that PHOTONS HAVE MASS given by Mass of a Photon = m = (h/cλ) (kg) , therefore Energy of a Photon = Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ If you checked out the ProjectApolloFilm you now know Dad knew Wernher von Braun and that they understood gravity to be a local EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Force ... NOT ACTION AT A SPOOKY DISTANCE. Mass of a Photon: m = (h/cλ) (kg) where, m = mass of a single photon h = Planck Constant c = speed of light, λ = wavelength of photon Gravity, according to this theory, is a local force due to the local Electromagnetic Dipole Mass Density Gradient in the Vacuum. Big "G" converts: Local (r^2) EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Delta kg/m^3) and maps it to acceleration (1/s^2) due to the local collision of EM Dipoles and the shear induced forces by the local EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient. The Mass M sets up the initial condition in Newton's Force equation but Big "G" converts EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Local Slope of the Local Vacuum Mass Density Function ) into the accel force we call Gravity. Apparently according to Dad "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" Gravity is an EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Phenomena NASA failed to inform people of ?!?. According to "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" PHOTONS HAVE MASS. Given by: Mass of a Photon: m = (h/cλ) (kg) where, m = mass of a single photon h = Planck Constant c = speed of light, λ = wavelength of photon The constant “b” which is a EM Dipole Compression Constant is as follows: b = h/c (kg m) b =6.62607004x10^(-34) (kg m^2/s) / (299792458) (m/s) b = 2.210219x10^(-42) (kg m) The Mass of a Photon Is: m = b/λ (kg) or,
m = 2.21x10^(-42) / λ (kg) A typical red photon with a wavelength of 700nm has a the following mass: m = 2.21x10^(-42) kg m / 7x10^(-7) m Mass of a 700nm Photon: m = 3.1574557x10^(-36) kg The energy of a photon can be given by E = mc^2 where m = (h/cλ), Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ Gravitational Forces on a Photon: F = G M m / r^2 = G M h / c λ r^2 = THE MAX FORCE ON A PHOTONS MASS DUE TO GRAVITY Depending on location and trajectory .... So according to theory Photons Have Mass, and experience Gravity the Same Way As Particles !?!? Please Verify And Enjoy the Breaking News, Not To Me, I have known this since he told me in 3rd grade (1977) ?!?! Dad knew a lot of people. I have always believed this to be true!
@@johnboze Dude, TH-cam comments are not the place to publish scientific papers. There are periodicals for that kind of thing. If you can't publish in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, please consider that there might be a good reason for that.
@@johnboze im not even reading that wall of text, But photons are affected by gravity because gravity is not a force, its the curvature of spacetime. Photons are massless.
Hawking Radiation is cause by quantum fluctuation so there might be a minimum mass where the mechanism stops or slowdown so much that it takes forever to evaporate the remaining mass.
So if there are naked singularities zipping around everywhere, I'm assuming that they have no means of growing bigger. What would be the reason they don't feed on matter they pass through? What is the distinction between a black hole and naked singularity?
@@nic.h As I understand it, naked singularities would be more-or-less 1-dimensional and nearly massless, without any charge. Think a neutrino but smaller.
@@nic.h If they're at the size of Planck length then they're so abysmally tiny and have literally no gravitational pull. They would pretty much never ever hit anything. You have to zoom in hundreds of times after passing the size of the tiniest particles to get to the Planck size. It's like shooting a rock at light speed through a solar system at random and trying to hit something.
Seriously though, imagine the Reaper armada out-massing the entire milky way by 5:1 "Our numbers shall darken the skies of every world" would have been a horrifying understatement, sovereign XD
I really love the creativity that goes into these "Matt can't answer comments in this episode". They are always relevant to the episode and smart. Congratulations for them, whoever comes up with them!
I love that your program isn't afraid to leave people in the dust in terms of following along. I'm having to pause the video let the cogs in my head grind, or read 3 wikipedia pages before I can keep listening to what you're saying, its great. We don't need another preachy pop science pedagogue
12 minute video to get to a 30 second part covering what im interested in. primordial blackholes evaporated down so small that either the virtual particles by which hawking radiation occurs simply cant "fit" into the event horizon or that the energy of a photon that would be emitted from such a blackhole would be so great it would become a new blackhole replacing the one it was emitted from. i wish someone would address this theory in a video because this 30 second bit is the only place i've ever seen it mentioned.
Imagine sperm going into a blackhole and it starts the whole slowing down thing and spaghettification. Now imagine a sperm and an egg making contact at the exact moment they reach the event horizon. I don't know.
I seriously asked the exact same question as the title of this video to my friend back in 2004 when we first heard of dark matter. We were having one of our typical late night conversations sitting in the living room of my apartment because everybody else we knew was asleep already. We both suffered from insomnia.
@@handhdhd6522 Physicists are obviously bored out of their minds and spend more time coming up with cool and or funny acronyms than they do physiciting new physics.
@@AwfulnewsFM Malal is the chaotic incarnation of chaos itself. It's chaos rejecting the very existence of chaos from within. Malal is simultaneously the most powerful and the weakest chaos god because it can deny the existence of all other chaos gods but has a major difficulty recruiting followers because you'd have to be a god-worshipping atheist to follow Malal. Also, Malal's creator left GW not long after creating him, and nobody left in GW has the vision or the legal fortitude to keep Malal and make Malal work, so we don't talk much of Malal these days.
That happened in this experimental spaceship. That happens when you try to harness dark matter into an engine and let SAM Neill do the work and name it EVENT HORIZON!
@@singletona082 No. Ganymede is just even bigger. Io, Callisto, Titan, and Ganymede are all bigger than the Earth's moon on both mass and spatial size, and Titan and Ganymede are bigger than Mercury spatial size, though not mass, since Mercury is made of rock and iron-nickel, while they are made of ice and rock.
@@angeloportugal8899 No, our moon it's between Io and Europa in both spatial size and mass. Otherwise correct. I'm currently just going off this: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size
I’ve always found it challenging that in one ear I hear “we know how much matter there is in the universe” and in the other, “we don’t know what the rest of the universe is made of”. I’m sure I’m not alone. Also, if matter = energy, why doesn’t energy result in (some effect like) gravity too?
my guess would be that the amount of energy you would need to be large enough that the only way to keep it dense enough is via it being locked up in matter
For galaxies like the milky way... to stay together requires about 5 times the mass than galaxies seem to have. The missing mass required to keep galaxies stable has been called "dark matter".
@@Spellweaver5 In fact, photons do have a gravitational effect. Their rest mass is zero, but their effective mass is not, that is indeed equal to their energy. However, we can estimate how much energy there is in the form of electromagnetic waves (light, radio, x-rays etc combined) and that estimate is already accounted for. It still can't explain the gravitational effects that we see.
@M Standberg the way "we know how much matter is in the universe" is primarily because we can observe how fast galaxies are rotating. That rotation (or to be more precise: the way rotation varies with the distance to the center of the galaxy) has to match the laws of motion predicted by our theory of gravity. It turns out there is a big mismatch. A second reason is that gravitational lensing effects are much stronger than you would predict based on the known amounts of matter and energy. This means that either something is wrong with our theory of gravity, or there is a lot of stuff that we don't yet know about.
I remember reading a massive book (2 feet tall, 1 foot wide) called COSMOS that talked about MACHOs and WIMPs when I was 8. I didn’t have many friends back then.
Boy, would you kick yourself if you categorically ruled out the easy answer without checking only for someone else to prove it to be the correct one. 😀
only if you see flashes of light as well. usually it’s just extra fluid in ‘hollow’ the eye...if it persists and flashes get worse could be a detached retina which requires surgery...
If you were a creature that lives in 2D plane you could still feel the effect of gravity, even though you can't see where it comes from. So maybe Dark matter is just the gravity 4D objects interacting with our 3D plane.
THAT'S IT! I wanted to make the comment @10:36 that our looking for black holes as dark matter has the same similarities, given the widespread and evenly distributed effects of "dark matter" - they'd have to be present everywhere, there would have to be a few of the relics in the room with you, as well as permeating spacetime. It would have to be ubiquitous. The only other plausible theory is Modified Newtonian Dynamics so I'm 50/50 on MOND vs Relics now. Thank you so much for all the work you put in!!
Regarding the MASS OF A PHOTON: My father helped launch Apollo 11 from inside Firing Room 1 as the IBM DDAS Telemetry Network Controller. After his space industry career was over he had launched Apollo 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, and Skylab 2, 3, and 4. At IBM Owego NY he built, inspected, repaired, and re-inspected Space Shuttle Flight Computers on every single shuttle. More on his career @ ProjectApolloFilm. He knew "for a fact" that PHOTONS HAVE MASS given by Mass of a Photon = m = (h/cλ) (kg) , therefore Energy of a Photon = Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ If you checked out the ProjectApolloFilm you now know Dad knew Wernher von Braun and that they understood gravity to be a local EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Force ... NOT ACTION AT A SPOOKY DISTANCE. Mass of a Photon: m = (h/cλ) (kg) where, m = mass of a single photon h = Planck Constant c = speed of light, λ = wavelength of photon Gravity, according to this theory, is a local force due to the local Electromagnetic Dipole Mass Density Gradient in the Vacuum. Big "G" converts: Local (r^2) EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Delta kg/m^3) and maps it to acceleration (1/s^2) due to the local collision of EM Dipoles and the shear induced forces by the local EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient. The Mass M sets up the initial condition in Newton's Force equation but Big "G" converts EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Local Slope of the Local Vacuum Mass Density Function ) into the accel force we call Gravity. Apparently according to Dad "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" Gravity is an EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Phenomena NASA failed to inform people of ?!?. According to "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" PHOTONS HAVE MASS. Given by: Mass of a Photon: m = (h/cλ) (kg) where, m = mass of a single photon h = Planck Constant c = speed of light, λ = wavelength of photon The constant “b” which is a EM Dipole Compression Constant is as follows: b = h/c (kg m) b =6.62607004x10^(-34) (kg m^2/s) / (299792458) (m/s) b = 2.210219x10^(-42) (kg m) The Mass of a Photon Is: m = b/λ (kg) or,
m = 2.21x10^(-42) / λ (kg) A typical red photon with a wavelength of 700nm has a the following mass: m = 2.21x10^(-42) kg m / 7x10^(-7) m Mass of a 700nm Photon: m = 3.1574557x10^(-36) kg The energy of a photon can be given by E = mc^2 where m = (h/cλ), Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ Gravitational Forces on a Photon: F = G M m / r^2 = G M h / c λ r^2 = THE MAX FORCE ON A PHOTONS MASS DUE TO GRAVITY Depending on location and trajectory .... So according to theory Photons Have Mass, and experience Gravity the Same Way As Particles !?!? Please Verify And Enjoy the Breaking News, Not To Me, I have known this since he told me in 3rd grade (1977) ?!?! Dad knew a lot of people. I have always believed this to be true!
Yeah just thought about that and googled it. Interesting concept indeed. Black holes are already very particle-like. They have only mass, spin and charge, so theoretically it's very plausible. A micro Black Hole without charge is basically a Dark Matter particle.
@@chrissmithdoe2100 relative velocities, they are likely zipping through ver very quickly, kind like the flood of neutrinos constantly pouring through you and everything else all the time.
I don't know why, but Planck relics just feels right as a hypothesis for dark matter. Like a sort of thickening agent for space, spread evenly through it to make everything slightly more bound together.
@@ajcook7777 Play on the bait part of clickbait. Like if you had fishbait considered tasty it's hard for them to resist taking a bite much like its hard to resist clicking on a video with that title so, tasty title.
Question: Is it possible that Dark Matter is actually multiple things, like these different sized black holes plus something totally different plus x plus x etc?
If there are 20 or so explanations for dark matter that each can contribute "just a few percent", how much is accounted for if you put all of them together?
Well, it _could_ make things easier if there was a Dark Sector of multiple types of objects, particles and fields. Or it could make things even worse if each one of those candidates requires different new physics.
Currently? If we max out the uncertainties then maybe about 20%. Of course, some things such as cold gas have been moved from the Dark Matter to Regular Matter over time. DM is just such a BIG excess it's really hard to account for it.
Excellent as always, but I nearly fell out of my chair when I noticed the Thargoid interceptor at 8:16 on the far right. Signed, a big Elite Dangerous fan. (Literally playing it right now, but I digress.)
When you rule out all the possible candidates of black hole sizes it feels like you assume all dark matter if it's black holes will be of same size. What if it's evenly spread out so there are about the same mass of it is distributed into every part of the size range? Then it will not be as many supernova explosions, or gravitational lenses, and all the other ways to detect. It will be a universe with all these occurences, but not as many of each because its spread out on the size range.
*In a old seadog accent* "Aye, space sailors say that Dark Matter are the souls of all the dead stars, I say. It is said that when a ship goes through it, freaky spooky stuff happens, I tell you! Arrh, I've seen it with me own eye!" --an old space marine sailor from the moon
Great episode. This is surely the wrong place to report this, but... in the PBS app, the length of the episode with this title is 12:35, exactly the same as "Why the muon g-2 results are so exciting." And in fact the muon g-2 video is what plays when I click the 'link' for this video. Same result on iPad (iPadOS 15.6) and my aging android 8 tablet.
What about those virtual particle pairs that keep popping into existence everywhere all the time for an instant before they annihilate each other? If they have mass, then they should also express gravity, and since they rarely interact with anything but each other, would this make them good WIMP candidates for dark matter? If, on the other hand, they had negative mass, would they express negative gravity, and therefore be a good candidate for dark energy? (.....and if the virtual particle pairs are one of each, could they explain the perceived effects of BOTH dark matter and dark energy?)
But how would you account for there being increasingly much higher concentrations of them in some places than others? Should they not be popping into and out of existence at random all over the universe? Also, I'm fairly certain that the idea of negative mass is generally regarded as an interesting concept on paper but pretty much nonsensical in practice. Although we could be wrong about that.
Simple, virtual particles don't exist; they're a mathematical trick, which has been proven to just be a mathematical trick by the existence of an alternate mathematical trick. Timestamped for your convenience: th-cam.com/video/ztFovwCaOik/w-d-xo.html :Ü™
Due to relativity being weird, it is actually sometimes stated that dark energy is the vaccuum energy(ie the lowest energy state that creates the particle pairs), though based on observations in quantum, our current understanding is that there is a large discrepancy between the observed vacuum energy and the known effects of dark energy. Also, I am of the opinion that dark energy "may as well be" gravity not behaving the way we expect instead of literally being energy(as the effect is present everywhere at the same strength and is modeled by throwing a term into general relativity) Also, dark energy takes up far far more of the observed energy of the universe than dark matter does
Honestly, I though about this, but I discard that, because i believed that Hawking radiation would quickly deal with them. EDIT: Okay - Planc relics are creepy and a very interesting concept
When the only tool that a man has is a hammer, then all the problems look like a nail. When grant proposals involving black holes are most likely to get grant money and the older authorities of the scientific establishment have been making living on selling the idea of black holes for decades, they will keep telling the public and themselves that black holes are the answer to everything. Sad, really.
I've not studied Physics at school, college and clearly at university. I've only watched a full Stanford university adult Physics course that was brilliant. Since watching them lectures I've always been able to lay down and relax then picture a blackhole and I can enter it and see the singularity. I can zoom out and somehow the blackhole looks different (I guess 4D) because I can see both inside and outside simultaneously. The singularity is incredibly bright so I'm able to zoom towards it and it looks like a black hole but white and spectacular. Something amazing catches my eye but I'm too close to make out what it could be so I mentally transform everything so it's like I'm on a theoretical beach the far off distance and there's
This has been my intuition for years, that the Universe is populated by enough small black holes and rogue brown dwarfs to explain dark matter. It's nice to know it wasn't too crazy of a thought.
Except the scientific evidence and observational data does not support that hypothesis. It'd be more scientific at this point to say that dark matter is made up of fairies than black holes; at least the fairies have not had decades of studies and surveys ruling out their candidacy. MACHOs were a big deal in the 90s, but very few people think they make up the majority (or even any significant proportion) of dark matter these days.
There's no way you said all that only to finish with a single sentence about the Planck sized black holes, we need MORE on that pretty please 🙏
^^^^^^^^^
i thought of that the whole episode and i was almost disappointed because it did not come up but at the end he mentioned it (:
He talks about it in other episodes but I'm KEEN FOR MORE!!!
Planck size black holes are just elementary particles in string theory, there is no reason to consider them further, they are an artifact of classical General Relativity.
@@annaclarafenyo8185 "Move along, nothing to see here"
I'm Commander Shepard and this is my favorite TH-cam Channel on the Citadel.
i know cmd shepherd is from something else, but i always think of him as from stargate atlantis.
@@tommo123456789000000 I'm not sure this Shepard would be interested, but McKay and Zelenka sure do watch every video.
@@HalfpennyTerwilliger zelenka, maybe. mckay would just say he could do a better video himself.
@@tommo123456789000000 😄
Lol!!!!
"Naked singularities in your area want to be discovered."
Yeah, right, that's totally a scam. Y'all just want my money!
The credit card is just to verify your age, we swear! 😉😉
Discovered by a macho
We live in time when guessing is science and whim is evidence.
Take my thumbs up Damnit 😂
they would promptly be arrested on account of public obscenity laws.
That last sentence is huge news if true - I didn't think I have had another naked body in my room for a very long time.
We all think your cucumber is attractive. Gravitaitonally attractive.
We can dismiss the Reapers. I've taken care of them. Multiple times. And in May, I'll do it again.
What about the prethoryn scourge?
Same here......
This is the best comment in the citadel
Change your character name to goofy.
"I'm commander shepherd and I approve this message"
I've wondered a hundred times over the years if somehow this could be an explanation to dark matter, it's nice to finally know how and why I was wrong :)
Same
Thargoid interceptor was a nice touch.
o7
o7
Spotted at 8:13. Came here to say this. Would certainly explain why we can't scan their FSD wakes.
o7 CMDR
I came to see if there was a comment pointing it out, lol. o7
o7
Great job as always Matt, I wouldn't be able to keep a straight face while saying " The best way to search for MACHOS is to look into the galactic bulge "
I missed that the first time I watched this. I had to go back in time, into the black hole to verify your findings.
Interesting that the two main dark matter candidates are MACHOs and WIMPs
Is the galactic bulge close to Uranus?
Okay, I'll leave now.
.
@@TheRockEyE MACHOs were named in response to WIMPs.
@@TheRockEyE hopefully they dont remain the main candidates for much longer 😂
I am no physicist, but molecular biology taught me that, more often than not, the answers lies in plurality.
Dark matter might be difficult to detect because it is not one big thing, but rather many small things.
The answer to dark matter might be a whole dark standard model governed by dark physics.
Which sounds so cool!
I also have thought the same way about things!
@BBBrasil did you write your white-paper with a proof yet? 😅😂😂😂😂
Oooooh dark physics
Dark Matter civilizations are like: 25% of the mass of our universe is invisible, maybe it's a new particle we haven't discovered yet?
They could maybe see light though
@@EhsanVids No, they only see dark light.
Anti-Humans: The are on earth, but they reflect under the crust. Whenever we dug down for minerals, we caused a genocide on their part, causing a "natural disaster". Humans are invisible to AntiHumans, and vice-versa
Dark Matter is a deliberate error thrown into the simulation by the lizard people to se how we react
Dark matter doesn't collapse into the centre of galaxies like light matter does, which indicates that there isn't an equivalent force to electromagnetism in the dark universe. No electromagnetism, no civilisation as we know it.
11:34 Matt: There would have to be at least a few in the room with you right now.
Me: *suspiciously looks around in room*
something that's completely undetectable doesn't exist
@@h00db01i Well it would be detectable with gravity, but each one makes so little gravity that finding an individual one would be very difficult
@@hyper_lynx No, no, no, we can't detect naked singularities because they are shy.
Yes glad I'm not the only one XD
@@h00db01iThat we can't do it now doesn't make it impossible. But you never notice all the ninjas in your house. They are the masters of invisibility, they know what they're doing. How would you ever know unless they wanted you to? And they don't, so you don't.
Matt: there might be several naked singularities in the room around you
Video: **spooky alien synth bass in credit rolls**
Me: **sweating profusely**
Ah, yes, "Reapers." The immortal race of sentient starships allegedly waiting in dark space. We have dismissed that claim.
You are already indoctrinated!
To be fair, that's where all Reapers come from is darkness.
Sovereign. Vanguard of our destruction. How's that working out for you, big guy?
where the mass drivers at?
To me a Reaper is a half-assed audio DAW that's long on hearsay short on implementation. By extension then this you speak of is even among rabid Star-Geeks, physically, Newtonion and Einsteinian just a bucket of turds surrounded by a wall made of.....more chap.
Just when you find out the theory you heard last month is a fallacy, right yonder comes another from what you once assumed was a reputable Science Jug.
Hey guys aren't you supposed to wait until you have tests to prove at least it's possible and repeatable before you go chest thumping?
It's a bunch of guys and women doing what we used to call pissing up a pole
I'm still reeling from lighting up a white dwarf with a micro black hole... SUCH POWER.
Yeah, wild I had not even thought of black holes doing that.
I've always wondered about it. But I thought it might be so dumb which is why nobody talked about it
@@taly4life nothing is dumb here
When the only tool that a man has is a hammer, then all the problems look like a nail. When grant proposals involving black holes are most likely to get grant money and the older authorities of the scientific establishment have been making living on selling the idea of black holes for decades, they will keep telling the public and themselves that black holes are the answer to everything. Sad, really.
Add that one to the toolbox of future engineers: build a Dyson sphere or a Shkadov thruster around a white dwarf, light it up with a micro black hole, collect the energy or go for a joy ride.
It's too late, Janice. The black hole is already inside the house! 😳
It’s where all the things like lost keys and other small objects went.
It's in the room with you.
_You_ were the black hole all along!
Regarding the MASS OF A PHOTON: My father helped launch Apollo 11 from inside Firing Room 1 as the IBM DDAS Telemetry Network Controller. After his space industry career was over he had launched Apollo 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, and Skylab 2, 3, and 4. At IBM Owego NY he built, inspected, repaired, and re-inspected Space Shuttle Flight Computers on every single shuttle. More on his career @ ProjectApolloFilm. He knew "for a fact" that PHOTONS HAVE MASS given by Mass of a Photon = m = (h/cλ) (kg) , therefore Energy of a Photon = Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ
If you checked out the ProjectApolloFilm you now know Dad knew Wernher von Braun and that they understood gravity to be a local EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Force ...
NOT ACTION AT A SPOOKY DISTANCE.
Mass of a Photon:
m = (h/cλ) (kg)
where,
m = mass of a single photon
h = Planck Constant
c = speed of light,
λ = wavelength of photon
Gravity, according to this theory, is a local force due to the local Electromagnetic Dipole Mass Density Gradient in the Vacuum.
Big "G" converts: Local (r^2) EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Delta kg/m^3) and maps it to acceleration (1/s^2) due to the local collision of EM Dipoles and the shear induced forces by the local EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient.
The Mass M sets up the initial condition in Newton's Force equation but Big "G" converts EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Local Slope of the Local Vacuum Mass Density Function ) into the accel force we call Gravity. Apparently according to Dad "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" Gravity is an EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Phenomena NASA failed to inform people of ?!?.
According to "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" PHOTONS HAVE MASS.
Given by:
Mass of a Photon:
m = (h/cλ) (kg)
where,
m = mass of a single photon
h = Planck Constant
c = speed of light,
λ = wavelength of photon
The constant “b” which is a EM Dipole Compression Constant is as follows:
b = h/c (kg m)
b =6.62607004x10^(-34) (kg m^2/s) / (299792458) (m/s)
b = 2.210219x10^(-42) (kg m)
The Mass of a Photon Is:
m = b/λ (kg)
or,
m = 2.21x10^(-42) / λ (kg)
A typical red photon with a wavelength of 700nm has a the following mass:
m = 2.21x10^(-42) kg m / 7x10^(-7) m
Mass of a 700nm Photon:
m = 3.1574557x10^(-36) kg
The energy of a photon can be given by E = mc^2
where m = (h/cλ),
Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ
Gravitational Forces on a Photon:
F = G M m / r^2 = G M h / c λ r^2 = THE MAX FORCE ON A PHOTONS MASS DUE TO GRAVITY
Depending on location and trajectory ....
So according to theory Photons Have Mass, and experience Gravity the Same Way As Particles !?!?
Please Verify And Enjoy the Breaking News, Not To Me, I have known this since he told me in 3rd grade (1977) ?!?!
Dad knew a lot of people. I have always believed this to be true!
@@johnboze Dude, TH-cam comments are not the place to publish scientific papers. There are periodicals for that kind of thing. If you can't publish in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, please consider that there might be a good reason for that.
@@johnboze im not even reading that wall of text,
But photons are affected by gravity because gravity is not a force, its the curvature of spacetime.
Photons are massless.
I think we need an episode explaining how post-evaporation naked singularities work. _Way_ too many loose ends there.
I know the answer... *ahem* "We dunno"
Hawking Radiation is cause by quantum fluctuation so there might be a minimum mass where the mechanism stops or slowdown so much that it takes forever to evaporate the remaining mass.
So if there are naked singularities zipping around everywhere, I'm assuming that they have no means of growing bigger. What would be the reason they don't feed on matter they pass through?
What is the distinction between a black hole and naked singularity?
@@nic.h As I understand it, naked singularities would be more-or-less 1-dimensional and nearly massless, without any charge. Think a neutrino but smaller.
@@nic.h If they're at the size of Planck length then they're so abysmally tiny and have literally no gravitational pull. They would pretty much never ever hit anything. You have to zoom in hundreds of times after passing the size of the tiniest particles to get to the Planck size. It's like shooting a rock at light speed through a solar system at random and trying to hit something.
Seriously though, imagine the Reaper armada out-massing the entire milky way by 5:1
"Our numbers shall darken the skies of every world" would have been a horrifying understatement, sovereign XD
"Then we shall fight in the shade."
@@donaldduck830 Because it had to be said.
I am Commander Shepard and this is my favorite channel on TH-cam.
I really love the creativity that goes into these "Matt can't answer comments in this episode". They are always relevant to the episode and smart. Congratulations for them, whoever comes up with them!
@wnnalis cioov This comment is not relevant to the comment talking about comments that are relevant to the episode, but it's a nice one.
kudos for including capibaras as an absolute unit of mass!
Them capybaras are chonks.
I love that your program isn't afraid to leave people in the dust in terms of following along. I'm having to pause the video let the cogs in my head grind, or read 3 wikipedia pages before I can keep listening to what you're saying, its great. We don't need another preachy pop science pedagogue
I wish I was one of the astrophysicists that could say: "my job is to observe the galactic bulge to search for MACHO signs."
Just watch out for dark matter coming from ura....oh nevermind...
@@RipRoarin XD
*notices your galactic bulge* OwO whats this?
Hey guys what ya all looooo... my that's quite a galactic bulge you have there.
Not gonna lie, this channel is too advanced for me but i subscribed anyway, this is interesting AF.
Heheh, someone on the Space Time team plays Elite Dangerous. The Thargoid ship on the right at 8:15 was a bit of a dead giveaway ;)
soo...... o7 ?
@@rbd6502 o7.
:)
got a little something for the next episode o7 ;)
12 minute video to get to a 30 second part covering what im interested in. primordial blackholes evaporated down so small that either the virtual particles by which hawking radiation occurs simply cant "fit" into the event horizon or that the energy of a photon that would be emitted from such a blackhole would be so great it would become a new blackhole replacing the one it was emitted from. i wish someone would address this theory in a video because this 30 second bit is the only place i've ever seen it mentioned.
2:04 What a splendid animal you chose there !
The most majestic creature of them all!
"and also because there would have to be a few in the room with you right now"
so thats where all the lost socks go ...
Imagine sperm going into a blackhole and it starts the whole slowing down thing and spaghettification. Now imagine a sperm and an egg making contact at the exact moment they reach the event horizon. I don't know.
Imagine impregnating a black hole...
The disappearance of socks has been adequately explained by Terry Pratchett in the Hogfather
@@g.m.2427 BABY GRAPE
@@enricofermi3471 not again.....
I seriously asked the exact same question as the title of this video to my friend back in 2004 when we first heard of dark matter. We were having one of our typical late night conversations sitting in the living room of my apartment because everybody else we knew was asleep already. We both suffered from insomnia.
'or a cluster of Reaper capital ships'
Oh, now it all makes sense.
Guess I lost a few, sorry.
Yes, we, Necrons, and Reapers fell in love with each other, and currently are busy to bang each other to produce Necrapers.
I can confirm that.
Ancient Alien Theorists would agree . . .
Ah, "Reapers".
Matt: Oh yeah, btw there could also be microscopic naked singularities all around us right now. Welp, that wraps up this episode. See you later.
Would be kinda cool though
If the answer to this conundrum ends up NOT involving the 5th dimension, I'll be sorely disappointed 🤣
@Andrew Orr what seriously? I have never heard that before.
I mean techically there isn't anything to prevent them from existing. All you would need is sufficient mass stuffed into a small enough space.
Naked? Naughty naughty!!
Everytime I hear a Mass Effect reference, my heart aches
Same...same.
@Ora Geveille I go to my happy place head canon instead.
*WAIT. WE CAN'T RULE OUT REAPERS?!*
"I'm commander shepard and this is my favourite channel on youtube"
Shinigami
You don't fool anyone, Geralt 🤭
No but we also can't rule out space unicorns so....
'MaCHOs', someone had fun with that.
MaCHOs and WIMPs
If you can have WIMP's, then you can have MACHO's.
No LIGO MACHO is the funniest the title of a paper that I ever saw
Someone will get triggered
MaCHOs, WIMPs and SIMPs
6:53 That reminds me unpleasantly of that red hot knives cutting through things youtube craze a few years ago
Some TH-camr: I made a 1000 degree black hole knife
I had wondered why you were hedging your bets between WIMPs and MACHOs in recent episodes. I'm glad that it was a subject!
This makes me laugh how they were named
@@handhdhd6522 Physicists are obviously bored out of their minds and spend more time coming up with cool and or funny acronyms than they do physiciting new physics.
@@Matthew-li7we well the muon g-2 results will give them something haha
@@hyperduality2838 isn’t that only the case if dark matter is black holes? I’m lost on how your drawing this conclusion
8:07 "or a cluster of reaper capital ships"
a man after my heart
I should go.
Lmao that Reaper fleet joke came out of nowhere. Almost spit out my lunch! Bravo
We need to study the Reaper hypothesis. They're out there. Waiting
The Reaper capital ships beat is killing me right now
What exactly are Reaper capital ships? Reapers from what sci-fi franchise? The only ones I can think of is the Reapers of Firefly.
@@bbbl67 They are from the video game Mass Effect. Scifi action RPG 3rd person shooter.
@@bbbl67 Firefly has Reavers.
@@gsvick Ah, I see you're a man of culture as well.
Loved the Mass Effect references here :)
_"Dark matter can be a window to new physics!"_
I can definitely say that dark matter is window to Khorne, Nurgle, Tzeentch, Slaanesh and Malal...
Warm up those Gellar Fields boys.
Who the duck is malal what happened?
@@AwfulnewsFM Malal is the chaotic incarnation of chaos itself. It's chaos rejecting the very existence of chaos from within. Malal is simultaneously the most powerful and the weakest chaos god because it can deny the existence of all other chaos gods but has a major difficulty recruiting followers because you'd have to be a god-worshipping atheist to follow Malal. Also, Malal's creator left GW not long after creating him, and nobody left in GW has the vision or the legal fortitude to keep Malal and make Malal work, so we don't talk much of Malal these days.
Shhhh no malal, he is not Canon anymore. No questions.
- Games Workshop
That happened in this experimental spaceship. That happens when you try to harness dark matter into an engine and let SAM Neill do the work and name it EVENT HORIZON!
PBS Space Time: represents small moons with Io
Me: Wouldn't Io take the lunch money of most small moons?
Not just the lunch,dinner too.That thing is bigger than our moon.
@@naamadossantossilva4736 aren't you thinking Ganymede?
@@singletona082 No. Ganymede is just even bigger. Io, Callisto, Titan, and Ganymede are all bigger than the Earth's moon on both mass and spatial size, and Titan and Ganymede are bigger than Mercury spatial size, though not mass, since Mercury is made of rock and iron-nickel, while they are made of ice and rock.
pretty sure our moon is bigger than io.
not sure but i think
ganymede>our moon>callisto>io>europa in terms of size.
@@angeloportugal8899 No, our moon it's between Io and Europa in both spatial size and mass. Otherwise correct. I'm currently just going off this: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size
I’ve always found it challenging that in one ear I hear “we know how much matter there is in the universe” and in the other, “we don’t know what the rest of the universe is made of”. I’m sure I’m not alone.
Also, if matter = energy, why doesn’t energy result in (some effect like) gravity too?
my guess would be that the amount of energy you would need to be large enough that the only way to keep it dense enough is via it being locked up in matter
All mass is energy but not all energy is mass. Gravity is caused by mass, not energy. Photons have no mass, for instance, so they don't cause gravity.
For galaxies like the milky way... to stay together requires about 5 times the mass than galaxies seem to have. The missing mass required to keep galaxies stable has been called "dark matter".
@@Spellweaver5 In fact, photons do have a gravitational effect. Their rest mass is zero, but their effective mass is not, that is indeed equal to their energy. However, we can estimate how much energy there is in the form of electromagnetic waves (light, radio, x-rays etc combined) and that estimate is already accounted for. It still can't explain the gravitational effects that we see.
@M Standberg the way "we know how much matter is in the universe" is primarily because we can observe how fast galaxies are rotating. That rotation (or to be more precise: the way rotation varies with the distance to the center of the galaxy) has to match the laws of motion predicted by our theory of gravity. It turns out there is a big mismatch. A second reason is that gravitational lensing effects are much stronger than you would predict based on the known amounts of matter and energy. This means that either something is wrong with our theory of gravity, or there is a lot of stuff that we don't yet know about.
I remember reading a massive book (2 feet tall, 1 foot wide) called COSMOS that talked about MACHOs and WIMPs when I was 8.
I didn’t have many friends back then.
I still don't have many friends. Seems to be what everyone says nowadays. But still nobody wants to be friends.
@@Soupy_loopy nobody has many friends, but you need at least one to be able to pretend
That is intrigueing. The simplist answer isn't always the truth. It doesn't however, hurt to check.
Boy, would you kick yourself if you categorically ruled out the easy answer without checking only for someone else to prove it to be the correct one. 😀
for big objects brown dwarves are another possible candidate for dark matter because we know they exist and are hard to count
The complexities of this episode lead me to believe that this is not, in fact, the 'simplest' answer ...
@@temptemp563 Nature doesn't know the meaning of the word simple. Some things are just easier for our monkey brains to understand
A video of Planck relics it's a MUST!!!!! it seems that they are the pixels of the universe.
Matt gets especially bright when speaking of Black Holes, his area of research.
Because black holes are awesome!
@@pointeddown I know what I'm buying you for your birthday!
Ahh, so that explains the dark spots I see floating on my eyes!!!
Lol, umm you might wanna get that checked 🤣
only if you see flashes of light as well. usually it’s just extra fluid in ‘hollow’ the eye...if it persists and flashes get worse could be a detached retina which requires surgery...
don't forget the floaties. ain't a good day till you checked out your own protein strands 😄🤷♂️
If you were a creature that lives in 2D plane you could still feel the effect of gravity, even though you can't see where it comes from. So maybe Dark matter is just the gravity 4D objects interacting with our 3D plane.
that is the string theory prediction... (space folded in on itself), not really 4 d, but hidden 3d
First dinosaurs from other dimensions now tiny black holes wander around my room.
The way this is evolving i will soon have to move out.
This is commander Shepard and this is my favorite channel in the citadel.
THAT'S IT! I wanted to make the comment @10:36 that our looking for black holes as dark matter has the same similarities, given the widespread and evenly distributed effects of "dark matter" - they'd have to be present everywhere, there would have to be a few of the relics in the room with you, as well as permeating spacetime. It would have to be ubiquitous. The only other plausible theory is Modified Newtonian Dynamics so I'm 50/50 on MOND vs Relics now. Thank you so much for all the work you put in!!
Naked singularity black holes could be in the room with me?? Now that gave me goosebumps.
Sounds like a Saturday night
That was a dark time in my life. Then I divorced her.
first time anything has been naked near me in my life :(
Good Luck to the people that are actually able to contribute to our understanding of all of this.
Regarding the MASS OF A PHOTON: My father helped launch Apollo 11 from inside Firing Room 1 as the IBM DDAS Telemetry Network Controller. After his space industry career was over he had launched Apollo 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, and Skylab 2, 3, and 4. At IBM Owego NY he built, inspected, repaired, and re-inspected Space Shuttle Flight Computers on every single shuttle. More on his career @ ProjectApolloFilm. He knew "for a fact" that PHOTONS HAVE MASS given by Mass of a Photon = m = (h/cλ) (kg) , therefore Energy of a Photon = Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ
If you checked out the ProjectApolloFilm you now know Dad knew Wernher von Braun and that they understood gravity to be a local EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Force ...
NOT ACTION AT A SPOOKY DISTANCE.
Mass of a Photon:
m = (h/cλ) (kg)
where,
m = mass of a single photon
h = Planck Constant
c = speed of light,
λ = wavelength of photon
Gravity, according to this theory, is a local force due to the local Electromagnetic Dipole Mass Density Gradient in the Vacuum.
Big "G" converts: Local (r^2) EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Delta kg/m^3) and maps it to acceleration (1/s^2) due to the local collision of EM Dipoles and the shear induced forces by the local EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient.
The Mass M sets up the initial condition in Newton's Force equation but Big "G" converts EM Dipole Mass Density Gradient (Local Slope of the Local Vacuum Mass Density Function ) into the accel force we call Gravity. Apparently according to Dad "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" Gravity is an EM Dipole Momentum Transfer Phenomena NASA failed to inform people of ?!?.
According to "Electromagnetic Kinetic Dipole Theory" PHOTONS HAVE MASS.
Given by:
Mass of a Photon:
m = (h/cλ) (kg)
where,
m = mass of a single photon
h = Planck Constant
c = speed of light,
λ = wavelength of photon
The constant “b” which is a EM Dipole Compression Constant is as follows:
b = h/c (kg m)
b =6.62607004x10^(-34) (kg m^2/s) / (299792458) (m/s)
b = 2.210219x10^(-42) (kg m)
The Mass of a Photon Is:
m = b/λ (kg)
or,
m = 2.21x10^(-42) / λ (kg)
A typical red photon with a wavelength of 700nm has a the following mass:
m = 2.21x10^(-42) kg m / 7x10^(-7) m
Mass of a 700nm Photon:
m = 3.1574557x10^(-36) kg
The energy of a photon can be given by E = mc^2
where m = (h/cλ),
Energy of a Photon E = mc^2 = (h/cλ)c^2 = hc/λ
Gravitational Forces on a Photon:
F = G M m / r^2 = G M h / c λ r^2 = THE MAX FORCE ON A PHOTONS MASS DUE TO GRAVITY
Depending on location and trajectory ....
So according to theory Photons Have Mass, and experience Gravity the Same Way As Particles !?!?
Please Verify And Enjoy the Breaking News, Not To Me, I have known this since he told me in 3rd grade (1977) ?!?!
Dad knew a lot of people. I have always believed this to be true!
It's the Thargoids, you got it (yes, one snuck into the video)
3:40 LMAO I was not expecting my screen to be suddenly filled with Hehehehehe
Dont get it
@@MBicknell all the Hellium (He) in the star sequence simulation
Yeah just thought about that and googled it. Interesting concept indeed. Black holes are already very particle-like. They have only mass, spin and charge, so theoretically it's very plausible.
A micro Black Hole without charge is basically a Dark Matter particle.
How cool would it be to have a few primordial singularities hanging around in the room you're in though?
Just imagine that for a while.
And how cool for primordial singularities to be in the room of a self-conscious lifeform created billions of years later and thinking about them. ;)
They wouldn't be there to stay, though.
@@Mernom why not?
@@chrissmithdoe2100 relative velocities, they are likely zipping through ver very quickly, kind like the flood of neutrinos constantly pouring through you and everything else all the time.
@@Ender240sxS13 ah, ok :-)
“Monitoring the galactic bulge”
‘OwO what’s this?’
i now fully believe that there is a dedicated team of furries in some lab basement constantly monitoring the....bulge ..of of the galaxy
@@nicolasinvernizzi6140 You assume it's just furries and a not a more generalized assemblage of perverts.
@@Pyxis10 if all you need is an assemblage of perversions, a single human specimen should satisfy
I don't know why, but Planck relics just feels right as a hypothesis for dark matter. Like a sort of thickening agent for space, spread evenly through it to make everything slightly more bound together.
That's a tasty title.
A tasty title?! Wtf?!
@@ajcook7777 black holes cause spaghettification. Spaghetti is tasty...
@@ajcook7777 Play on the bait part of clickbait. Like if you had fishbait considered tasty it's hard for them to resist taking a bite much like its hard to resist clicking on a video with that title so, tasty title.
Question: Is it possible that Dark Matter is actually multiple things, like these different sized black holes plus something totally different plus x plus x etc?
This is what I’ve always thought.
This thumbnail summarizes my thoughts whenever I watch a video mentioning dark matter, I didn’t realize other people had that thought too
Sick Mass Effect reference!
I'm learning more from Matt than all of my college profs. 🌌🖤
Listen to your professors more then.
This channel is a source of general informations, bro. If you wanna feel physics, you have to study formally (didn't mean academically).
Haha, I'm not in school, but I wouldn't call myself a physics major with this info.
Can't wait to see the expression on your face when you realize what you have studied all this time is WRONG...
@@Edenssunlight that’s how science works. You study for years to try and disprove everything you studied. This was literally addressed in the video
Love the Mass Effect reference and the Reapers on the galaxy map 😉
8:08 I am dead
Dyson sphere
Reapers seriously
If there are 20 or so explanations for dark matter that each can contribute "just a few percent", how much is accounted for if you put all of them together?
Well, it _could_ make things easier if there was a Dark Sector of multiple types of objects, particles and fields. Or it could make things even worse if each one of those candidates requires different new physics.
60% of almost nothing
Currently? If we max out the uncertainties then maybe about 20%. Of course, some things such as cold gas have been moved from the Dark Matter to Regular Matter over time. DM is just such a BIG excess it's really hard to account for it.
the outro-music during the patron list is very cool!
what is the song called? (the one before the orchestrated piece)
It's unlikely that my keys are in the one place I haven't looked for them, yet.
You are living, you occupy space, you have mass, YOU matter!
What's the matter?
No matter what, I see what you did there.
You could also antimatter.
The reaper reference earned you a subscription.
I'm starting a Planck Relic cult asap. Never know if it could evaporate. Let's go!
At this point i'm not even sure what to believe every time i see "what if"
Don't believe anything. Wait and see the evidence. Or look for yourself if you have the skills and resources. Let us know what you find.
well the last idea could explain why stuff has completely vanished from my house. i always thought that was the case.
Schrodinger
I think this is the first time I've understood a PBS Space Time video in its entirety 🤣🙌🏽
@aola wili Underrated comment XD
This aged well
I came back just to comment about this!
Exactly, systems with a star orbiting a black hole are being found
Excellent as always, but I nearly fell out of my chair when I noticed the Thargoid interceptor at 8:16 on the far right. Signed, a big Elite Dangerous fan. (Literally playing it right now, but I digress.)
Few periods later PBS's title be like:
What if we are made out of microscopic black-holes living in a massive black-hole?
Omg Isaac Newton, Happy Ramadan!
@@nameless5053 Ramadan Mubarak 😁
Reality is just white holes?
Every mind is a universe.
@@guywithjeep
The way physics people use the term 'hole' annoys the mathematics people (mainly topology students).
As you drift off to sleep tonight, just keep in mind: we can't rule out Reapers.
No, I'd say we can count on them in about 250 years
That mass effect refernce was gold
Thank you and everyone involved for creating this wonderful series.
I don't know if you are going to read this
But
Can you please make a video on gauge Symmetries
Thank you for hight quality videos
I loved all of this video but the Mass Effect reference is my favorite part.
Ohhh there’s a naked singularity in the room with me, alright!
giggity
It's always weird to think that there is a very real chance we're all surrounded by dark matter right now
No need to look at dark matter for this, about 100 trillion neutrinos pass through your body undetected every second.
Lol the Mass Effect OST playing during the whole section of the gravity lenses while shooting several references
Wait... can we talk more about the evaporated naked singularities bouncing all around us?
When you rule out all the possible candidates of black hole sizes it feels like you assume all dark matter if it's black holes will be of same size. What if it's evenly spread out so there are about the same mass of it is distributed into every part of the size range?
Then it will not be as many supernova explosions, or gravitational lenses, and all the other ways to detect. It will be a universe with all these occurences, but not as many of each because its spread out on the size range.
What if supernovae actually only happen bc of this small black holes 🕳 ?
Plus, supernova isn't a guarantee which is still on the table of those dying sun get trigger bc of them.
Ah man hearing “Reaper capital ships” in my science video put a smile on my face for real
*In a old seadog accent*
"Aye, space sailors say that Dark Matter are the souls of all the dead stars, I say.
It is said that when a ship goes through it, freaky spooky stuff happens, I tell you!
Arrh, I've seen it with me own eye!"
--an old space marine sailor from the moon
You do know that whalers on the moon tell tall tales, don't you?
I don't trust those lunar whalers
Leftover NaN's from dividing by zero in the universe simulator, they stay this special type forever.
Great episode. This is surely the wrong place to report this, but... in the PBS app, the length of the episode with this title is 12:35, exactly the same as "Why the muon g-2 results are so exciting." And in fact the muon g-2 video is what plays when I click the 'link' for this video. Same result on iPad (iPadOS 15.6) and my aging android 8 tablet.
What about those virtual particle pairs that keep popping into existence everywhere all the time for an instant before they annihilate each other? If they have mass, then they should also express gravity, and since they rarely interact with anything but each other, would this make them good WIMP candidates for dark matter? If, on the other hand, they had negative mass, would they express negative gravity, and therefore be a good candidate for dark energy? (.....and if the virtual particle pairs are one of each, could they explain the perceived effects of BOTH dark matter and dark energy?)
But how would you account for there being increasingly much higher concentrations of them in some places than others? Should they not be popping into and out of existence at random all over the universe? Also, I'm fairly certain that the idea of negative mass is generally regarded as an interesting concept on paper but pretty much nonsensical in practice. Although we could be wrong about that.
the electron/hole sea should be consistent with no extra heavy spots, but the holes might attract each other - great idea!
Simple, virtual particles don't exist; they're a mathematical trick, which has been proven to just be a mathematical trick by the existence of an alternate mathematical trick.
Timestamped for your convenience: th-cam.com/video/ztFovwCaOik/w-d-xo.html :Ü™
Due to relativity being weird, it is actually sometimes stated that dark energy is the vaccuum energy(ie the lowest energy state that creates the particle pairs), though based on observations in quantum, our current understanding is that there is a large discrepancy between the observed vacuum energy and the known effects of dark energy.
Also, I am of the opinion that dark energy "may as well be" gravity not behaving the way we expect instead of literally being energy(as the effect is present everywhere at the same strength and is modeled by throwing a term into general relativity)
Also, dark energy takes up far far more of the observed energy of the universe than dark matter does
Honestly, I though about this, but I discard that, because i believed that Hawking radiation would quickly deal with them.
EDIT:
Okay - Planc relics are creepy and a very interesting concept
Agreed. They’re almost as spooky as strangelets.
It's also possible that Hawking radiation would not evaporate black holes as it hasn't been observed or experimentally proven.
@@egalanos right, but if true, that's still a "new physics" explanation since according to "current physics", they *should* evaporate.
@@Mr.NiceUK True!
When the only tool that a man has is a hammer, then all the problems look like a nail. When grant proposals involving black holes are most likely to get grant money and the older authorities of the scientific establishment have been making living on selling the idea of black holes for decades, they will keep telling the public and themselves that black holes are the answer to everything. Sad, really.
That afterword got my thumbs up. I'm so glad to know that the future time-line is all taken care of lol.
I've not studied Physics at school, college and clearly at university. I've only watched a full Stanford university adult Physics course that was brilliant.
Since watching them lectures I've always been able to lay down and relax then picture a blackhole and I can enter it and see the singularity. I can zoom out and somehow the blackhole looks different (I guess 4D) because I can see both inside and outside simultaneously. The singularity is incredibly bright so I'm able to zoom towards it and it looks like a black hole but white and spectacular. Something amazing catches my eye but I'm too close to make out what it could be so I mentally transform everything so it's like I'm on a theoretical beach the far off distance and there's
Soon every other sentence in these videos vill be "We've talked about these before" because they have made so many episodes already :D
This guy just referenced the reapers, i love you
This has been my intuition for years, that the Universe is populated by enough small black holes and rogue brown dwarfs to explain dark matter. It's nice to know it wasn't too crazy of a thought.
Except the scientific evidence and observational data does not support that hypothesis.
It'd be more scientific at this point to say that dark matter is made up of fairies than black holes; at least the fairies have not had decades of studies and surveys ruling out their candidacy. MACHOs were a big deal in the 90s, but very few people think they make up the majority (or even any significant proportion) of dark matter these days.