[Introduction to Linguistics] Adjuncts, Complements, Specifiers, and Tree Drawing
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Old video. Updated video in the playlist on the channel.
In this video, we look at Adjuncts, Complements, Specifiers, and Tree Drawings in a little bit more detail. This is the final segment of syntax!
Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.
![[Syntax] X-Bar Theory - Specifiers, Adjuncts, and Complements](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n8TYuq173N0/mqdefault.jpg)
![[Syntax] X-Bar Theory - Specifiers, Adjuncts, and Complements](/img/tr.png)
![[Introduction to Linguistics] Thematic Roles](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qDDlrCF2B_4/mqdefault.jpg)
Oh thank you! You've rescued me!
I absolutely love your lectures! Thank you so much for providing such an incredibly interesting and easy-to-follow resource.
Thank you very much for posting these videos. They are extremely helpful!
Hello
Could you tell me the difference between non-finite and finite clauses?
I love this. Very helpful
this is really help.. thank you..
Great video! Thank you :)
What about when prepositional phrases are expressed by declension endings, for instance in Russian "of science" would be "nauki", genitive singular of "nauka".
Thank you!
Hey I have a questions? Could you please help me understand what an oblique is?
Thanks
How to determine if an adjective is a complement or adjunct?
brilliant! thank you so much
Two questions. Do you teach for a living? And, what software do you use?
Your ability to explain such high level topics so clearly and digitally write so legibly absolutely floor me.
Thank you, I look forward to watching many more of your videos :D
+WateryIce54321 Grad student is what I'm doing right now, and I do this all in Windows Journal.
Thanks a lot. This is useful.
Thank you so much!
how can we draw a tree in X bar theory when we have two complements???
helpful, thank you.
How about quantities? like some and many?? what specifiers are they?
thank you so much for this video! I was wondering if there is a specific list that contains the entire rules for constituent grouping (ex. VP --> V DP) to help with tree drawing?
There probably is one for each language for computational purposes, but you'd have to google to find it. It's not exactly straightforward to use either, since some structures can be ambiguous, so you have to use constituency tests anyway to determine which structure you want to build.
very good tutorial
thank you so much
TheTrevTutor is the best man in the world
very nice videos. love them! only thing that confuses me is when you start grouping.. e.g. why is the NP a part of the VP?
cheers
Refer to constituency tests for an explanation of why VPs contain NPs and all that sort of stuff.
Thank you :)
thank you 😭
in "the students impressed the Dean of Science" why wouldn't "the Dean of Science" be a direct object? or is direct object and complement interchangeable? Trying to understand the topic of "objective and subjective complements and adjuncts" in my English Bachelors studies, under the general heading of "syntactic classification of nouns"... and keep finding lots of information on Direct/Indirect objects + subject/object complements and can't seem to get a clear cut understanding of the two... help?
+LTalpacas The term "complement" is very broad. Direct/Indirect objects can be complements of verbs or other phrases.
"He wiped the counter". In this case, "the counter" is the direct object, but is also the complement of the verb "wiped". It's roughly a different set of language.
If you're using syntactic trees and X-bar theory, you wouldn't talk about DOs and IOs. You'd talk about complements.
If you're looking at sentences and trying to figure out semantic roles or understand word orders and figure out the general gist of the tree structure, you'd probably use IOs and DOs.
+TheTrevTutor Thank you!
When I say for example : "I really dont like those windows at all." I undestand that the word "really" in the example sentence is a qualifier of the verb "like", and "at all" is an adjunct, but, what I really do not understand is what is the name or definition of the "don´t" ?
don´t it´s the auxiliary of the main verb "like", you need it because you are obviously saying a negative sentence.
thanks a lot for the lecture. I just want to ask a question. In this sentence, "Sally sent Bob a letter", which one is the compliment? Can anyone help me with this 😅
This is 7 month too late, but here goes. Both are complements, they have a special representation in x-bar using what is called a light verb shell (vP)
great job friend, this is a nice video i expect more such videos #Skepticismdream #moderndayempire
08:02 Binary Branching Principle?
Question regarding "his words motivated the students" [9:40 - 11:46]. Isn't "his words motivated" a clause? Wouldn't this be the primary VP instead of "motivated the students"? It can be replaced [my dog runs, that gun kills] and it can stand on its own [his words motivated].
[his words motivated] is not a clause on its own. You cannot just say "his words motivated". Also, "his words motivated" is not a constituent.
Thinking about complements, I don't understand the idea that we need to say what we wrote. Consider: What did you do yesterday? I wrote all day. I love to write. Your problem is you don't eat. What? I eat! I eat all the time. I have left out the DO of several verbs here without problem. Equally, I can say "I read. It's my hobby". I don't have to say I read books or magazines etc.
Concerning the clause "The students impressed the dean of science"... You used questioning as the substitution test here. Who impressed the dean of science? What did the students do? (
So, the problem here is saying "The dean of WHAT", which means that only "science" would be substituted, so this doesn't capture "of science" as a constituent. The only way to do this would be to say "The dean WHAT", which isn't grammatical. It's quite tricky.
TheTrevTutor Ah ok, now I see! In the video it was not clear enough for me. Thanx.
probably you should explain to us that there are verbs that require no complement 1 or 2 complements.I dont know the english term but this is called the VALENCE of a verb,a term borrowed from chemistry.
Isn't his a pronoun? I'm a bit lost.
It ends up being a determiner due to some possessive structure that isn't shown. I didn't really introduce a way to do possessive structure yet, so "his" ends up being under D for one of the trees. To compare with a real determiner...
"His words" ~ "Those words"
They have the same distribution, so that's how we do possessive pronouns in this case. When I make my syntax series I will explain it a little better.
thank you.